CN112199732B - Aviation logistics electronic waybill management method based on blockchain - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
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- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an aviation logistics electronic bill management method based on a blockchain, which adopts a mode of alliing a chain on electronic bill data, more quickly synchronizes the electronic bill data, can connect all enterprises and government authorities in the whole logistics ring through the alliing chain, confirms and refuses the electronic bill data through a consensus algorithm by all participants, and utilizes the blockchain data to be non-tamper-resistant, so that aviation bill information can be trusted by all nodes, and the electronic bill is managed to circulate among all the nodes of all the participants, thereby solving the consensus and circulation problems of all the participants on the electronic bill data.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method, computing device and storage medium for managing electronic waybills of aircraft logistics based on blockchain.
Background
The problem of paperless air freight has so far been the focus of discussion throughout the industry. Electronic bills have been pushed in recent years, but the electronic bills are required to be circulated in a network, and systems of units are different, and data are required to be mutually trusted, so that the electronic bills are difficult to push. Therefore, a method is needed to transmit the electronic manifest information in each unit in a relatively simple manner, provide more accurate and timely manifest data, avoid the key information from being tampered maliciously, reduce the data redundancy, and greatly contribute to improving the efficiency of freight service and accelerating the internationalization process of enterprises.
The patent with the publication number of CN 110298610A guarantees the reality of the express logistics information by connecting an express company and a client and utilizing the non-tamperability characteristic of a blockchain, and guarantees the real-time performance of an express logistics information system according to the characteristics of a private chain.
The patent with publication number CN 109829673A uses blockchain technology to build a logistics cargo state tracking system, and the blockchain provides a plurality of backups, so that the integrity and the non-tamper property of data and the traceability of cargo states are ensured. However, the system and the scheme are used for backing up the data and tracing the cargo state, so that the authenticity of the data is ensured. And the applicable object is only that one enterprise corresponds to the client of the enterprise, or is used for managing goods in one enterprise, the application object can be completely realized by using a traditional centralized system, the application object can be developed by one enterprise for each client to use, and the system construction by using the blockchain technology has little significance. However, the logistics upstream and downstream industries are relatively large, and a plurality of participants are involved, each participant has a respective system, and each participant needs to confirm the waybill information to execute the subsequent operation, so that the scheme is not suitable for the transportation document management of aviation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of consensus and circulation of electronic waybill data by all participants in aviation logistics, the application provides a block chain-based aviation logistics electronic waybill management method in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
s100, constructing a alliance chain, wherein nodes of the alliance chain at least comprise an air transportation company node, a customs node, a consignor node and a receiver node;
s105, a plan request initiating node initiates a plan request and submits the plan request to a corresponding endorsement node in a alliance chain based on a preset endorsement policy of the alliance chain;
s110, the endorsement node performs signature verification on the received plan request, and if the received plan request passes the verification, the step S115 is performed;
s115, the endorsement node calls an intelligent contract, judges whether the plan request is an electronic waybill inquiry request or a writing operation request, generates a result set and returns the result set to the plan request initiating node;
s120, if the request is a write operation request, turning to S125, and if the request is an electronic waybill query request, turning to S130;
s125, after the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, the electronic waybills are ordered according to time sequence and blocks are generated so as to broadcast to the confirmation nodes in the alliance chain, and then S135 is carried out;
s130, after the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, inquiring a block to obtain a result;
s135, the confirmation node checks the received block so as to write the block marked with the state into the alliance chain.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes:
the chain of federation nodes belong to members of one or more channels for different federation, wherein the airline nodes and customs nodes join multiple channels.
In one possible implementation, the step S125 further includes:
after the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, the protocol request initiating node orders and generates blocks according to the read-write result set in the initial protocol request, the signatures of all endorsement nodes and the channel numbers, and then broadcasts the blocks to members in the channel.
In one possible implementation, the step S105 further includes the protocol request initiating node packing the protocol using the Fabric' S SDK and signing using a private key.
In one possible implementation, the smart contract is configured to include a set body and a threshold, wherein
The subject is a node in a designated federation chain;
the threshold accepts two inputs, namely a threshold L and a set n of a plurality of P, and the transaction is considered legal as long as the transaction related to the electronic manifest contains endorsements of t members in n.
In one possible implementation, step S115 further includes the endorsement node generating a write operation result set and a query operation result set and returning the write operation result set and the query operation result set to the plan request initiating node.
In one possible implementation, step S135 further includes
S1350, the confirmation node checks whether the electronic waybills are newly generated or exist before, checks whether endorsement signatures of the electronic waybills are legal or not, and whether the endorsement number meets the requirements of the endorsement policy or not, if not, returns to the step S105, otherwise, goes to the step S1335;
s1355, the confirmation node verifies whether the read result set of the transaction is consistent with the version in the current account book, if not, the read result set of the transaction indicates that the write result set is effective in modifying data in the transaction, the transaction is marked as effective, and the write result set of the transaction is updated into a state database; if the current account book data and the read result set version are inconsistent, marking the transaction as invalid and not updating the state database, so that the transaction data in the block is marked as valid or invalid and then packaged into the block marked with the state for writing into the alliance chain.
In one possible implementation, after step S135, the method further includes
Returning a HASH value to the node in the coalition chain, wherein the node queries the electronic manifest already present on the coalition chain by the HASH value.
A second aspect of the present application provides a computer device comprising a processor and a memory storing a program which when executed by the processor implements the blockchain-based airlink electronic manifest management method provided in the first aspect of the present application.
A third aspect of the present application provides a storage medium storing a program which when executed implements the blockchain-based avionics bill management method provided in the first aspect of the present application.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
when electronic waybills are circulated in each unit of enterprises and government authorities, high real-time performance and authenticity need to be ensured. Such as customs, security checkouts, etc., the quantity and content of the waybill need to be checked, and the tamper-resistance of the waybill information is very demanding. And in the future, each unit uses a unified electronic bill as a settlement and check basis. The transfer of the manifest and the verification of the amount are required between enterprises, including checking contract terms, auditing approval. However, if the electronic waybill information needs to be circulated in each system, a system needs to be established, each participating unit is docked, the opening amount is large, and the authenticity of the electronic waybill data is uncontrollable. According to the aviation logistics transportation bill management method using the blockchain technology, the electronic bill data is synchronized faster by adopting a alliance chain mode, enterprises and government authorities in the whole logistics ring can be connected through the alliance chain, each participant confirms and refuses the electronic bill data through a consensus algorithm, and the blockchain data is not tamperable, so that aviation bill information can be trusted by each node, the electronic bill is managed to circulate among nodes of each participant, and the consensus and circulation problems of each participant on the electronic bill data are solved.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a management method according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a federated chain in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic of non-critical data store under chain of electronic waybills according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary hardware architecture diagram for each node in a federation chain implementing a management method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
When electronic waybills are circulated in each unit of enterprises and government authorities, high real-time performance and authenticity need to be ensured. Such as customs, security checkouts, etc., the quantity and content of the waybill need to be checked, and the tamper-resistance of the waybill information is very demanding. And in the future, each unit uses a unified electronic bill as a settlement and check basis. The transfer of the manifest and the verification of the amount are required between enterprises, including checking contract terms, auditing approval. However, if the electronic waybill information needs to be circulated in each system, a system needs to be established, each participating unit is docked, the opening amount is large, and the authenticity of the electronic waybill data is uncontrollable. By using the blockchain technology and adopting the electronic waybill data uplink, all enterprises and government authorities in the whole logistics ring can be connected through the alliance chain, the electronic waybill data can be synchronized faster, and the information of the aviation waybill can be trusted by all nodes by utilizing the non-tamper property of the blockchain data.
Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, one embodiment of the present application provides a blockchain-based avionics bill management method comprising
S100, constructing a alliance chain, wherein nodes of the alliance chain at least comprise an air transportation company node, a customs node, a consignor node and a receiver node.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of federation chain nodes are built. This embodiment can be built using Hyperledger Fabric technology.
The plurality of federated chain nodes includes, but is not limited to, air carriers, customs, consignments and consignments. In some specific scenarios, a third party agent may also be included.
Each node's components will contain clients, endorsement nodes, certificate nodes and ordering nodes. The client will operate the start and stop of the node.
In a preferred example, in order for each consignment carrier to see only its own associated data, a channel is provided for privacy protection. Whereas customs, air carriers as nodes can participate in multiple channels.
S105, the plan request initiating node initiates a plan request and submits the plan request to a corresponding endorsement node in the alliance chain based on a preset endorsement policy of the alliance chain.
Typically, the electronic manifest will be initiated by the consignment shipping enterprise (i.e., the consignment company in FIG. 2).
The trusted transportation enterprise node of the federation chain initiates an electronic manifest generation or query request that packages the entire request protocol with the Fabric's SDK and signs with the private key.
The client of the consignment transportation unit can deliver the whole plan to the endorsement node of the client, the policy in the endorsement can define that after the key node needing to be noted is endorsed, the point can be valid only in the waybill, and the application end selects the corresponding endorsement node according to the endorsement policy to submit the plan.
In the endorsement stage, the endorsement node in each alliance chain node can perform validity check on the electronic manifest sent by the client, and the client sends an endorsement request to one or more endorsement nodes by calling the intelligent contract.
The document management rule applying the blockchain technology not only needs key endorsement nodes to confirm, but also needs to write and call intelligent contracts to verify the contents of the electronic manifest. The intelligent contract in the general endorsement stage comprises setting a main body and a threshold value to make an endorsement policy, and storing the endorsement policy in a specific address for a client to call.
For the airline document management approach, it will be specified which federation chain node members are endorsed. The threshold accepts two inputs, namely a threshold L and a set n of a plurality of P, and the transaction is considered legal as long as the transaction contains endorsements of t members in n. For example, T (1, 'A', 'B', 'C') requires endorsements by any member of A, B. T (1, 'A', T (2, 'B', 'C')) requires the A member to endorse or the B, C member to endorse simultaneously.
For example, for electronic bills containing specific goods, it is necessary to delegate the endorsements of companies, airlines and customs. The client will only be able to validate the broadcasted transactions after sufficient support has been collected.
And then according to the plan, calling the intelligent contract according to the request of inquiring or generating the electronic waybill, and carrying out the operation of inquiring or writing the electronic waybill. The intelligent contract is read and written only in simulation, the actual account book is not modified, and the writing operation is classified into a result set for standby.
S110, the endorsement node performs signature verification on the received plan request, and if the received plan request passes the verification, the step S115 is performed; otherwise, the process returns to step S105.
The client configured by the entrusting node can deliver the whole plan to the endorsement node, the policy in the endorsement can define which key nodes can be valid after the endorsement is carried out, and the application terminal selects the corresponding endorsement node according to the endorsement policy to submit the plan.
S115, the endorsement node calls an intelligent contract, judges whether the plan request is an electronic waybill inquiry request or a writing operation request, generates a result set and returns the result set to the plan request initiating node.
After receiving the plan attached with the electronic manifest, the endorsement node firstly checks whether the signature is legal or not, and then confirms whether the signer has relevant authority or not according to the identity of the signer.
And then according to the plan, calling the intelligent contract according to the request of inquiring or generating the electronic waybill, and carrying out the operation of inquiring or writing the electronic waybill. The reading and writing of all intelligent contracts are only simulated execution, the actual account book is not modified, and the writing operation is classified into a result set for standby. All endorsement nodes return the two result sets to the initial consensus node, i.e. the original electronic waybill originator.
S120, if the request is a write operation request, the process goes to S125, and if the request is an electronic waybill inquiry request, the process goes to S130. If neither is true, the flow goes back to S105.
S125, after the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, the electronic waybills are ordered according to time sequence and blocks are generated so as to broadcast to the confirmation nodes in the alliance chain, and then S135 is carried out.
After receiving the response, the initial consensus node checks the signature of the endorsement node and compares whether the results of the endorsement nodes are consistent. If the electronic waybill is queried, the results can be obtained directly by querying the block. If the request is a request for generating an electronic waybill, the consensus node collects the endorsement response quantity meeting the endorsement policy and sends the read-write result set in the initial plan to the sequencing node by the signature and the channel number of all the endorsement nodes.
The ordering node does not examine the entire contents of the transaction after receiving the plans from each node, but sorts the transactions according to the channel number in the transaction, and then packages the transactions of the same channel into data blocks (blobs), i.e., blocks. The condition of the block broadcasting can be set by itself, for example, when the electronic bill initiating amount exceeds a certain threshold, or an interval time is set to trigger the broadcasting.
S130, after the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, inquiring a block to obtain a result;
s135, the confirmation node checks the received block so as to write the block marked with the state into the alliance chain.
After the confirmation node receives the data block, the electronic waybills in the block are checked one by one. The legitimacy of the transaction is checked first, and then whether the electronic manifest is newly generated or is existing before, requiring updating. The system chain code of VSCC (Validation System Chaincode) is then invoked to verify whether the endorsement signature of the transaction is legitimate and whether the number of endorsements meets the requirements of the endorsement policy.
Next a check of multi-version concurrency control MVCC is made, i.e. checking if the Read Set (Read Set) of the transaction is consistent with the version in the current ledger (i.e. has not changed). If there is no change, the modification to the data in the transaction Write Set (Write Set) is indicated as valid, the transaction is marked as valid, and the Write Set of the transaction is updated into the status database.
If the current ledger's data and the read-set version are not consistent, the transaction is marked as invalid and the status database is not updated. Transaction data in a data block is packaged into a block (block) and written into a blockchain of a ledger after being marked as valid or invalid.
Finally, after the key data of the electronic waybill is written into the blockchain, a HASH value is returned, and the electronic waybill existing in the alliance chain can be queried in the future through the HASH value. All node data flow rules and steps can be referred to in fig. 3.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the above-described blockchain-based electronic waybill management method when executing the program. As shown in fig. 4, a computer system suitable for implementing the server provided by the present embodiment includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) or a program loaded from a storage section into a Random Access Memory (RAM). In the RAM, various programs and data required for the operation of the computer system are also stored. The CPU, ROM and RAM are connected by a bus. An input/output (I/O) interface is also connected to the bus.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface, including the input part of the keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section including a display such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a speaker; a storage section including a hard disk or the like; and a communication section including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, and the like. The communication section performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drives are also connected to the I/O interfaces as needed. Removable media such as magnetic disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, semiconductor memories, and the like are mounted on the drive as needed so that a computer program read therefrom is mounted into the storage section as needed.
In particular, with respect to the present embodiment, the process described in the above flowcharts may be implemented as a computer software program. For example, the present embodiments include a computer program product comprising a computer program tangibly embodied on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method shown in the flowchart. In such embodiments, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication portion, and/or installed from a removable medium.
The flowcharts and diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to the present embodiments. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or schematic diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The units involved in the present embodiment may be implemented by software or by hardware. The described units may also be provided in a processor, for example, described as: a processor comprises a use case alliance chain generation module, a plan request initiation module, a query module and the like. Wherein the names of the units do not constitute a limitation of the units themselves in some cases.
As another aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a computer-readable storage medium contained in the apparatus described in the above embodiments; or may be a computer-readable storage medium, alone, that is not incorporated into the terminal. The computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs for use by one or more processors to perform the blockchain-based airlink electronic manifest management methods described herein.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A block chain-based aviation logistics electronic waybill management method is characterized by comprising the following steps of
S100, constructing a alliance chain, wherein nodes of the alliance chain at least comprise an air transportation company node, a customs node, a consignor node and a receiver node;
s105, a plan request initiating node initiates a plan request and submits the plan request to a corresponding endorsement node in a alliance chain based on a preset endorsement policy of the alliance chain;
s110, the endorsement node performs signature verification on the received plan request, and if the received plan request passes the verification, the step S115 is performed;
s115, the endorsement node calls an intelligent contract, judges whether the plan request is an electronic waybill inquiry request or a writing operation request, generates a result set and returns the result set to the plan request initiating node;
s120, if the request is a write operation request, turning to S125, and if the request is an electronic waybill query request, turning to S130;
s125, after the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, the electronic waybills are ordered according to time sequence and blocks are generated so as to broadcast to the confirmation nodes in the alliance chain, and then S135 is carried out;
s130, after the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, inquiring a block to obtain a result;
s135, the confirmation node checks the received block so as to write the block marked with the state into the alliance chain;
step S115 further includes the endorsement node generating a write operation result set and a query operation result set and returning the write operation result set and the query operation result set to the plan request initiating node;
step S135 further comprises
S1350, the confirmation node checks whether the electronic waybills are newly generated or exist before, checks whether endorsement signatures of the electronic waybills are legal or not, and whether the endorsement number meets the requirements of the endorsement policy or not, if not, returns to the step S105, otherwise, goes to the step S1335;
s1355, the confirmation node verifies whether the read result set of the transaction is consistent with the version in the current account book, if not, the read result set of the transaction indicates that the data modification in the write result set of the transaction is effective, the transaction is marked as effective, and the write result set of the transaction is updated into a state database; if the current account book data and the read result set version are inconsistent, marking the transaction as invalid and not updating the state database, so that the transaction data in the block is marked as valid or invalid and then packaged into the block marked with the state for writing into the alliance chain.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising
The chain of federation nodes belong to members of one or more channels for different federation, wherein the airline nodes and customs nodes join multiple channels.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the S125 further comprises
After the protocol request initiating node collects the returns of all endorsement nodes, the protocol request initiating node orders and generates blocks according to the read-write result set in the initial protocol request, the signatures of all endorsement nodes and the channel numbers, and then broadcasts the blocks to members in the channel.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step S105 further comprises the protocol request originating node packaging the protocol with a Fabric SDK and signing with a private key.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after step S135, the method further comprises
Returning a HASH value to the node in the coalition chain, wherein the node queries the electronic manifest already present on the coalition chain by the HASH value.
6. A computing device comprising a processor and a memory storing a program, wherein the program when executed by the processor implements the method of any of claims 1-5.
7. A storage medium storing a program, characterized in that the program, when executed, implements the method of any one of claims 1-5.
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