CN112162421A - Reflective broadband adjustable polarization converter based on multilayer graphene-medium composite super surface - Google Patents
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective broadband adjustable polarization converter based on a multilayer graphene-medium composite super surface, and belongs to the technical field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials and terahertz science. The polarization converter comprises an upper-layer high-refractive-index medium super-surface array (1), a middle graphene-electrode layer (2) and a lower-layer low-refractive-index substrate layer (3). 5-layer graphene films (4) and (6) are respectively arranged on two sides of the uniform medium interval thin layer (5), and a controllable bias voltage device (7) is arranged between the upper graphene layer and the lower graphene layer to jointly form the intermediate layer (2). In addition, the polarization converter has high polarization conversion rate, low bias voltage, simple structure and flexible controllability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reflective broadband adjustable polarization converter based on a multilayer graphene-medium composite super surface, and belongs to the technical field of novel artificial electromagnetic materials and terahertz science.
Background
A metasurface is typically a two-dimensional planar array of periodic or quasi-periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structure antennas. Unlike the traditional optical element which controls the wave beam by means of phase accumulation on a propagation path, the super-surface array changes the resonance response of the antenna by adjusting the shape, parameters, arrangement mode and the like of the antenna unit, and then accurately controls the attributes of the amplitude, polarization, phase and the like of incident light, and can realize new characteristics which many natural materials do not have, such as high artificial birefringence coefficient, thereby realizing polarization control devices such as wave plates, polarizing plates, complex vector beam generators and the like by utilizing an ultrathin structure.
The resonant response of the antenna determines that the bandwidth of the device is often narrow, and the requirement of practical application is difficult to meet, so that the development of the super-surface polarization device with tunable bandwidth and frequency is of great significance. By introducing functional materials capable of responding to external excitation of light, electricity, heat and the like into the super surface, a series of super surface polarization devices with tunable bandwidth are developed in recent years. The graphene has high response speed because the conductivity can be controlled by an external bias voltage, and supports surface plasmon resonance in a terahertz waveband, so that the graphene becomes a main functional material of a terahertz adjustable super-surface device.
The graphene is patterned or combined with the metal super-surface, the conductivity of the graphene is controlled by voltage, and the dynamic control of surface plasma resonance is realized, so that tunable half-wave plates, quarter-wave plates, polarizing plates and the like are realized. However, it has three problems: firstly, the electric regulation of graphene often needs very high bias voltage, secondly, the dynamic frequency range of its electric regulation of design that has static broadband response is very little, and has the design of static narrowband response, and the dynamic frequency range of electric regulation is wider, can't compromise big static bandwidth and big dynamic bandwidth. And thirdly, the working efficiency is very low due to the loss of the metal and the graphene. Therefore, the invention provides a function of realizing orthogonal polarization transformation by combining the graphene and the dielectric super-surface, not only reduces the material loss, but also can utilize lower bias voltage to carry out large-scale adjustment on the dynamic bandwidth, and provides a practical polarization conversion device for systems such as terahertz spectrum, imaging and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a solution method for reflective broadband tunable polarization conversion based on a multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super surface, which is compact in structure.
The invention relates to a reflection type broadband tunable polarization converter based on a multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super surface, which is characterized by comprising a three-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a high-refractive-index dielectric super surface array (1), the middle layer is a graphene-electrode layer (2), the lower layer is a low-refractive-index substrate (3), 5-layer graphene films (4) and (6) are respectively arranged on two sides of a dielectric spacing thin layer (5) and are used for applying bias voltage structures (7), (4), (5), (6) and (7) to jointly form the middle layer (2).
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the material, structure and geometric dimension of the super-surface unit are selected, and when the Fermi level of the graphene is close to 0 eV, the normally incident linearly polarized light is converted into an orthogonal polarization state at a plurality of frequency points, so that static multiband polarization conversion is realized.
Furthermore, the dielectric unit material in the invention needs to have high refractive index and small absorption coefficient in the working frequency band, for example, the dielectric unit material is a high-resistance silicon material suitable for terahertz wave band.
Furthermore, the medium unit structure in the invention has anisotropic structures with different electromagnetic responses in the orthogonal polarization directions of the long and short axes, such as rectangular column, asymmetric cross-shaped column and split ring column, and the long and short axes of the medium column form 45 degrees with the x and y axesoThe angle, the polarization direction of the incident linearly polarized light, is along the x or y axis.
Furthermore, the geometric dimensions of the medium unit in the invention comprise the length L, the width S and the height h of the rectangular column1And the period Lambda of the x-y plane is positioned, and the reflected light polarized along the long axis and the short axis of the dielectric antenna realizes the phase difference of 180 degrees at a plurality of frequency points by optimizing the structural parameters, thereby realizing the multiband orthogonal polarization conversion.
Bias voltage is applied to the upper graphene layer (4) and the lower graphene layer (6) through a bias device (7), the phase of a reflected wave is controlled through adjusting the conductivity, and the frequency shift of orthogonal polarization conversion is achieved on the premise of not changing the structure of the device.
And continuing to increase the bias voltage until the frequency shift completely covers the multi-band frequency gap, and realizing the ultra-wide band dynamic tuning of orthogonal polarization transformation.
Furthermore, the uniform medium thin layer and the low-refractive-index substrate material in the invention are PMMA or SiO2And the like are dielectric materials transparent in the terahertz wave band.
Further, bias voltage applied to the graphene is used for adjusting the carrier concentration of the graphene, so that the Fermi level of the graphene is continuously changed within the range of 0-0.25 eV, and the graphene layer is nearly transparent to terahertz waves when the Fermi level is 0 eV and is nearly perfect metal when the Fermi level is gradually transited to 0.25 eV.
The orthogonal polarization conversion realized by the invention can be dynamically tuned in a broadband range of 0.88 THz-1.81 THz, and the polarization conversion efficiency of more than 85 percent is kept, wherein the polarization conversion efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power of the orthogonal linear polarization state to the total power of reflected light.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention fully utilizes the structural birefringence and abundant electromagnetic resonance modes of the super-surface of the medium, and changes the phase of the reflected wave by adjusting the conductivity of the graphene on the basis of multi-band orthogonal polarization conversion, thereby dynamically moving a plurality of discrete working frequency bands, finally realizing continuous tuning in an extremely wide frequency range, overcoming the problems of narrow bandwidth, limited tuning range and the like of the traditional polarizing device, and the graphene layer has no graph, the integral structure is easy to design and process, the working efficiency is high, and the invention provides a high-efficiency, wide-band and high-integration polarization conversion device for the terahertz optical system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural and functional diagram of a graphene-dielectric composite super surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural elements of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a phase difference of a reflected beam polarized along the x-axis in the major and minor axis directions as a function of frequency and graphene Fermi level in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of polarization conversion efficiency (left axis coordinate system) and corresponding graphene fermi level (right axis coordinate system) at a series of frequency points selected in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a graph of reflected wave intensities corresponding to a series of frequency points selected in fig. 3.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the reflected phase of different Fermi-level graphene layers as a function of frequency for an embodiment of the present invention;
the figure shows that: the graphene-based super-surface array comprises a high-refractive-index super-surface array (1), a graphene-electrode layer (2) (comprising 5-layer graphene (4), a medium thin layer (5), 5-layer graphene (6), a bias voltage control device (7)) and a low-refractive-index substrate (3).
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
A reflection type broadband tunable polarization converter based on a multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super surface comprises three layers of structures, as shown in figure 1, an upper rectangular silicon column super surface array layer (1), a middle graphene-electrode layer (2) and a lower glass substrate layer (3). The middle layer (2) is composed of 5 layers of graphene (4) on the upper surface, a uniform PMMA interval thin layer (5) and 5 layers of graphene (6) on the lower surface, and a controllable bias voltage device (7) is arranged between the upper graphene layer and the lower graphene layer.
In the structural unit shown in FIG. 2, when the Fermi level of graphene is close to 0 eV, the unit period Lambda is determined to be 130 μm and the thickness h of the silicon column is determined by parameter scanning137 μm, a silicon column length L of 78 μm, and a silicon column width S of 35 μm.
As shown in fig. 3, at the graphene fermi level EFThis structure gives reflected light polarized along the long and short axes of the silicon column a phase difference of 180 ° at three frequency points of 0.92 THz, 1.05 THz and 1.32 THz when = 0.02 eV.
Thickness of uniform PMMA interval thin layer between upper and lower graphenet s 0.1 μm according to Fermi levelE F And bias voltageV g Approximate relationship between
The maximum 31V is required for the Fermi level of the graphene in the regulation and control range of 0 eV-0.25 eVA bias voltage. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,ɛ 0 andɛ r the dielectric constant in vacuum and the relative dielectric constant of PMMA,eandν f is the amount of charge and the Fermi rate (1.1X 10)6 m/s）。
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the variation of the phase difference of reflected waves polarized along the long and short axes and the variation of the phase difference with the frequency when the Fermi level of graphene is from 0 to 0.25 eV, wherein the phase difference corresponding to three curves in the graph is about 180 degrees, and white points on the curves correspond to a series of selected operating frequency points which are respectively located on the three curves and uniformly cover the frequency range of 0.88-1.81 THz.
Accordingly, fig. 4 shows the polarization conversion ratio PCR = | R of x-polarized reflected light relative to y-polarized incident light at a series of frequency points selected in fig. 3xy|2/|Rxy|2+|Ryy|2Wherein R isxyAnd RyyThe reflection coefficients of the x-polarized reflected light and the y-polarized reflected light are respectively, and the polarization conversion efficiency is more than 85% in the frequency range of 0.88-1.81THz through the regulation and control of corresponding Fermi energy levels in the graph.
Accordingly, the intensity of the reflected light changes with the control of the fermi level of the graphene, and fig. 5 shows that the intensity of the reflected light relative to the intensity of the incident light fluctuates between 0.3 and 0.92 at a series of frequency points selected in fig. 3.
Figure 6 is a study of graphene layer reflection phase alone, with a reflection phase of-157 ° at 0.8 THz when the graphene fermi level is 0 eV, and increasing with increasing frequency. As the fermi level increases, graphene tends to be perfectly metallic, with the reflection phase gradually approaching-180 °. Due to the difference of graphene reflection phases of different Fermi energy levels, three frequency points where orthogonal polarization transformation occurs move towards high frequency at the same time, and finally the broadband frequency range of 0.88-1.81THz is covered.
Claims (8)
1. A reflection-type broadband adjustable polarization converter based on a multi-layer graphene-medium composite super surface is characterized in that a polarization controller comprises a three-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a high-refractive-index medium super surface array (1), the middle layer is a graphene-electrode layer (2), the lower layer is a low-refractive-index substrate (3), 5-layer graphene films (4) and (6) are respectively arranged on two sides of a uniform medium interval thin layer (5) to form a bias voltage structure (7), and the middle layer (2) is formed together.
2. The reflective broadband adjustable polarization converter based on the multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super surface according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric super surface is a two-dimensional dielectric cylinder antenna array with sub-wavelength periodic arrangement, and the selected material has a high refractive index and a small absorption coefficient in an operating frequency band, for example, a high-resistance silicon material suitable for terahertz waveband.
3. The reflective broadband tunable polarization converter based on the multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super-surface according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric units have anisotropic structures with different electromagnetic responses in the orthogonal directions of the long axis and the short axis, such as rectangular columns, asymmetric cross-shaped columns, split ring columns, and the like.
4. The reflective broadband tunable polarization converter based on the multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflected light polarized along the long and short axes of the antenna is 180 ° out of phase at a plurality of discrete frequency points by selecting a suitable antenna size under the condition that no voltage is applied to the graphene.
5. The reflective broadband tunable polarization converter based on the multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polarization direction of the incident linearly polarized light forms 45 degrees with the long and short axes of the dielectric antenna as claimed in claim 3oAnd (4) an included angle.
6. The reflective broadband tunable polarization converter based on the multi-layer graphene-dielectric composite super surface of claim 1, wherein the uniform dielectric thin layer and the substrate material between the upper graphene layer and the lower graphene layer are PMMA or SiO2Is transparent in terahertz wavebandThe low refractive index dielectric material of (1).
7. The reflective broadband tunable polarization converter based on the multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super-surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bias voltage adjusts the carrier concentration of the graphene, so that the fermi level of the graphene is changed within a range of 0-0.25 eV.
8. The reflective broadband-adjustable polarization converter based on the multilayer graphene-dielectric composite super-surface according to claim 1, wherein a reflected wave propagation phase is dynamically compensated through voltage adjustment of graphene conductivity, so that discrete frequency points of orthogonal polarization conversion move in the same direction, and finally, an extremely wide dynamic frequency range is completely covered, and broadband-adjustable polarization conversion is realized.
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| CN112952378A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Decoupling structure with polarization conversion characteristic for reducing cross polarization coupling |
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| CN115877596A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-03-31 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院系统工程研究院 | Transmission type terahertz polarization converter based on graphene adjustable control |
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| CN115877596A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-03-31 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院系统工程研究院 | Transmission type terahertz polarization converter based on graphene adjustable control |
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