CN112139649B - Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive manufacturing Download PDF

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CN112139649B
CN112139649B CN202010912310.6A CN202010912310A CN112139649B CN 112139649 B CN112139649 B CN 112139649B CN 202010912310 A CN202010912310 A CN 202010912310A CN 112139649 B CN112139649 B CN 112139649B
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aluminum
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CN112139649A (en
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徐俊强
周琦
孔见
彭勇
高显鹏
郭顺
杨子威
王朋坤
顾锁林
万学明
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: early preparation, in-situ additive manufacturing and additive component cooling: and (3) cooling the in-situ additive titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component in a vacuum environment until the temperature is cooled to room temperature. The invention adopts a fuse wire additive mode, realizes the integrated forming of materials, and can prepare large-scale components due to high processing efficiency. The invention solves the problems that TiAl intermetallic compounds have poor room temperature plasticity and the wire materials can not be prepared, and provides a method for feeding by adopting double wires to obtain the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compounds with specific component proportion by controlling the wire feeding speed. According to the invention, electron beam fuse material increase is carried out in a vacuum environment, the high energy density of the electron beam can play an obvious purification role, and the influence of impurity elements on the material performance is avoided.

Description

Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of titanium-aluminum intermetallic compounds, in particular to a method for preparing a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive.
Background
The intermetallic compound has wide application prospect in the field of aerospace as a high-temperature structural material, wherein the TiAl intermetallic compound has low density (3.3-4.2 g/cm) 3 ) Is high and highStrength, excellent high temperature oxidation resistance, creep resistance, and flame retardancy are of great interest. However, the TiAl intermetallic compound has low room temperature plasticity, poor thermal deformation capability and difficult cutting, and the practical application of the TiAl intermetallic compound is limited. The main forming method at the present stage is casting and high-temperature forging, but the process is complex, the processing cost is high, and the complex structural part is difficult to prepare.
The invention patent with publication number CN201610655646.2 discloses an induction fusion casting method of a high-cleanliness titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound and a high-purity titanium alloy, which adopts an induction suspension smelting technology and a bottom leakage type casting mode of crucible-free or semi-high crucible auxiliary constraint molten metal, and solves the problems of alloy cleanliness reduction caused by a non-water-cooled crucible and energy efficiency reduction caused by a water-cooled crucible. However, the method is only suitable for producing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound cast ingots, and the preparation of specific components requires subsequent processing. The invention patent with the publication number of CN201910064302.8 discloses a method for rapidly preparing TiAl alloy plates, which comprises the following steps: preparing a TiAl alloy plate blank, wrapping the TiAl alloy plate blank, early-stage wrapping and rolling of the TiAl alloy, later-stage wrapping and rolling of the TiAl alloy, stress-relief annealing and wrapping removal. The TiAl alloy adopted by the invention is suitable for the Al content not higher than 44.5%. The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound plate needs complicated steps and has higher manufacturing cost.
The additive manufacturing adopts layer-by-layer deposition, realizes near-net forming, greatly improves the material utilization rate, reduces the preparation cost, and is an ideal process for preparing TiAl intermetallic compounds, such as laser selective melting, laser selective sintering, electron beam selective melting and the like. The invention patent with the publication number of CN201910787395.7 discloses a method for preparing a TiAl + Ti2AlNb composite material by laser melting deposition. The TiAl + Ti2AlNb composite material is formed by adopting a laser melting deposition method, and the Ti2AlNb is added in an amount regulated so as to play a role of pinning in the composite material structure and improve the integral plasticity of the material. The additive process adopts alloy powder to be fully mixed, and utilizes laser or electron beams as a heat source to deposit layer by layer to obtain the additive component with a certain shape, thereby solving the problem of forming TiAl intermetallic compounds. However, due to the powder metallurgy characteristic, the density of the member obtained by the method is poor, a large number of defects exist, the material increase efficiency is not high, and the preparation of a large member cannot be realized.
Heat sources commonly used in fuse additive manufacturing techniques include: electric arc, plasma arc, electron beam, etc. the electric arc and the plasma arc are used in protective atmosphere, and the electron beam melts the wire material in vacuum environment.
The invention patent with the publication number of CN201910848831.7 discloses a rapid near-net forming method of a TiAl alloy component, which adopts a consumable electrode gas shielded welding additive manufacturing mode to carry out forming. However, aluminum and titanium are both active metals and have strong oxygen sensitivity, so that the method has an obvious oxidation weight increase phenomenon, and the introduction of impurities can cause the performance reduction of the material. The method also needs to add an auxiliary heat source for preheating the substrate, and the cracking is easily caused by a large cooling speed. In addition, the method can only prepare 42-49 at.% of titanium-aluminum intermetallic compounds, and has certain limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound and a preparation method of a component thereof, which are used for solving the defects of difficult processing, high preparation cost and difficult realization of small-batch production of the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component and can be used for early-stage tests of the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems of the invention is as follows:
the method for preparing the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on the electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive comprises the following steps:
(1) early preparation: respectively placing the aluminum wire and the titanium wire on different wire feeders of an electron beam fuse wire additive system, adjusting the angle and the height of a wire feeding gun, fixing a titanium alloy substrate which is subjected to sand paper polishing and ethanol cleaning on a working platform of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system, and placing the working platform in a vacuum chamber of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system. When the vacuum degree reaches the working vacuum degree, preheating the substrate by adopting a small beam current until the titanium alloy substrate is red hot;
(2) in-situ material increase: setting the wire feeding speeds of an aluminum wire and a titanium wire, simultaneously feeding the aluminum wire and the titanium wire into the same molten pool, depositing according to a set path, cooling for a period of time after depositing a single channel, and descending a workbench for a certain distance to continue depositing to ensure that the focus of an electron beam is on the surface of the additive component until the deposition is finished;
(3) cooling the additive component: and (3) cooling the in-situ additive titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component in a vacuum environment until the temperature is cooled to room temperature.
Further, the components of the aluminum wire and the titanium wire can be selected according to requirements, the titanium-aluminum system can be selected from pure aluminum wires and pure titanium wires, the titanium-aluminum-vanadium system can be selected from pure aluminum wires and Ti-6Al-4V wires, and the titanium-aluminum-manganese system can be selected from aluminum-manganese alloy wires and pure titanium wires, which are only examples and are not limited to these wires; the diameter range of the wire is 1.0-3mm, the thickness of the substrate made of titanium alloy material is larger than 10mm, and deformation caused by material increase internal stress is avoided.
Furthermore, the angle adjustment range of the wire feeding gun is 30-60 degrees, so that the phenomenon that wires cannot be fed into the same molten pool due to too small or too large angle is avoided; the distance between the front section wire of the wire feeding gun and the substrate is 0-1mm, so that molten drops can be continuously transited to realize forming.
Furthermore, the working vacuum degree is lower than 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, cooling is needed for 60 to 90 seconds in the material increasing process, and the phenomena of molten pool collapse and beam current instability caused by heat accumulation are avoided.
Further, the wire feeding speed of the wire is set according to requirements, and the calculation formula is as follows: the wire feeding speeds of the two materials are calculated according to the mass fraction, the density and the like of the alloy elements of the wire, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002663766070000031
Figure BDA0002663766070000032
wherein E is x And A x Mass fraction and atomic fraction of the main elements respectivelyCounting; e xi (i ═ 1,2 … …, n) is the mass fraction of an element in different wires; WFS i The wire feeding speed is set as mm/min; d i Is the diameter of the wire, and the unit is mm; rho i Is the density of the wire in g/cm 3 ；M x Is the relative atomic mass of the element. The wire feeding speed range is 300mm/min-3000 mm/min. Considering that the aluminum element loss is serious in the electron beam fuse material increase process, the design components are different from the actual components, and according to experience, the atomic percentage of the aluminum element in the design components is 5% -10% higher than that of the actual components. The Al element percentage range of the component prepared by the method is 40-70%.
Further, basic parameters for preheating the substrate are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1000-. The preheating mode adopts step preheating, namely preheating beam current is gradually increased from 5mm to 25mm until the substrate is red hot, namely preheating is finished.
Further, the in-situ additive process parameters are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1000-.
Furthermore, the cooling process of the additive component needs to be carried out in a vacuum environment by adopting sectional cooling, namely cooling for 2-3 hours under high vacuum degree and preserving heat for 10-15 hours under low vacuum degree, wherein the high vacuum range is less than 7 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, low vacuum range of 0-10 Pa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
1. the invention realizes the integrated forming of the material, and can realize the preparation of large-scale components due to high processing efficiency;
2. the invention solves the problems that TiAl intermetallic compounds have poor room temperature plasticity and cannot prepare wires thereof, and provides a method for feeding by adopting double wires to obtain titanium-aluminum intermetallic compounds with specific component proportion by controlling the wire feeding speed;
3. according to the invention, electron beam fuse wire material increase is carried out in a vacuum environment, the high energy density of the electron beam can play an obvious purification role, and the influence of impurity elements on the material performance is avoided; in addition, in the electron beam additive process, the convection heat transfer is almost negligible, the heat accumulation is obvious, and the additive cooling speed is lower compared with that of an arc fuse, so that a better tissue morphology can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component prepared by electron beam in-situ additive manufacturing.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure photograph of titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound prepared by electron beam in-situ additive manufacturing, (a) Ti-37Al, (b) Ti-42Al, (c) Ti-49Al, and (d) Ti-52 Al.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on the electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive comprises the following steps:
(1) early preparation: respectively placing the aluminum wire and the titanium wire on different wire feeders of an electron beam fuse wire additive system, adjusting the angle and the height of a wire feeding gun, fixing a titanium alloy substrate which is subjected to sand paper polishing and ethanol cleaning on a working platform of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system, and placing the working platform in a vacuum chamber of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system. When the vacuum degree reaches the working vacuum degree, preheating the substrate by adopting a small beam current until the titanium alloy substrate generates red heat;
(2) in-situ material increase: setting the wire feeding speeds of an aluminum wire and a titanium wire, simultaneously feeding the aluminum wire and the titanium wire into the same molten pool, depositing according to a set path, cooling for a period of time after depositing a single channel, and descending a workbench for a certain distance to continue depositing to ensure that the focus of an electron beam is on the surface of the additive component until the deposition is finished;
(3) cooling the additive component: and (3) cooling the in-situ additive titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component in a vacuum environment until the temperature is cooled to room temperature.
Further, the components of the aluminum wire and the titanium wire can be selected according to requirements, the titanium-aluminum system can be selected from pure aluminum wires and pure titanium wires, the titanium-aluminum-vanadium system can be selected from pure aluminum wires and Ti-6Al-4V wires, and the titanium-aluminum-manganese system can be selected from aluminum-manganese alloy wires and pure titanium wires, which are only examples and are not limited to these wires; the diameter range of the wire is 1.0-3mm, the thickness of the substrate made of titanium alloy material is larger than 10mm, and deformation caused by material increase internal stress is avoided.
Furthermore, the angle adjustment range of the wire feeding gun is 30-60 degrees, so that the phenomenon that wires cannot be fed into the same molten pool due to too small or too large angle is avoided; the distance between the front section wire of the wire feeding gun and the substrate is 0-1mm, so that molten drops can be continuously transited to realize forming.
Furthermore, the working vacuum degree is lower than 5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, cooling is needed for 60 to 90 seconds in the material increasing process, and the phenomena of molten pool collapse and beam current instability caused by heat accumulation are avoided.
Further, the wire feeding speed of the wire is set according to requirements, and the calculation formula is as follows: the wire feeding speeds of the two materials are calculated according to the mass fraction, the density and the like of the alloy elements of the wire, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002663766070000051
Figure BDA0002663766070000052
wherein E is x And A x Mass fraction and atomic fraction of the main elements respectively; e xi (i ═ 1,2 … …, n) is the mass fraction of an element in different wires; WFS i The unit is mm/min, which is the wire feeding speed; d i Is the diameter of the wire, and the unit is mm; rho i Is the density of the wire in g/cm 3 ；M x Is the relative atomic mass of the element. The wire feeding speed range is 300mm/min-3000 mm/min. Considering that the aluminum element is seriously lost in the electron beam fuse material increasing process, the design component is different from the actual component, and according to experience, the design component isThe atomic percentage of the aluminum element in the calculated components is 5 to 10 percent higher than that of the actual components. The Al element percentage range of the component prepared by the method is 40-70%.
Further, basic parameters for preheating the substrate are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1000-. The preheating mode adopts step preheating, namely preheating beam current is gradually increased from 5mm to 25mm until the substrate is red hot, namely preheating is finished.
Further, the in-situ additive process parameters are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1000-.
Furthermore, the cooling process of the additive component needs to be carried out in a vacuum environment by adopting sectional cooling, namely cooling for 2-3 hours under high vacuum degree and preserving heat for 10-15 hours under low vacuum degree, wherein the high vacuum range is less than 7 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, low vacuum range of 0-10 Pa.
Example 1
The embodiment is a titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound prepared by in-situ additive manufacturing based on an electron beam twin-wire fuse, and comprises the following steps:
(1) early preparation: respectively placing an aluminum wire and a titanium wire on different wire feeders of an electron beam fuse wire additive system, adjusting the angle and the height of a wire feeding gun, fixing a titanium alloy substrate which is polished by abrasive paper and cleaned by ethanol on a working platform of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system, and placing the working platform in a vacuum chamber of the electron beam fuse wire additive system. When the vacuum degree reaches the working vacuum degree, preheating the substrate by adopting a small beam current until the titanium alloy substrate is red hot;
(2) in-situ material increase: setting the wire feeding speeds of an aluminum wire and a titanium wire, simultaneously feeding the aluminum wire and the titanium wire into the same molten pool, depositing according to a set path, cooling for a period of time after depositing a single channel, and descending a workbench for a certain distance to continue depositing to ensure that the focus of an electron beam is on the surface of the additive component until the deposition is finished;
(3) cooling the additive component: and (3) cooling the in-situ additive titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component in a vacuum environment until the temperature is cooled to room temperature.
Wherein, send a rifle angle to be 45, send a rifle anterior segment silk material and base plate distance to be 0.5mm for the molten drop can realize taking shape in continuous transition. The working vacuum degree in the material increasing process is 3 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, cooling for 60s in the material increasing process. In the method, a pure titanium substrate is selected, and the size of the substrate is 100 multiplied by 60 multiplied by 10mm 3 Pure titanium and pure aluminum with the grades of ERTi-1 and ER1070 respectively are used as the wire, and the diameter range of the wire is 1.6 mm. The wire feed rates of the titanium and aluminum wires are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 wire feed speed and component atomic ratio for in-situ additive preparation of intermetallic titanium-aluminum compounds based on electron beam dual-wire fuses
Figure BDA0002663766070000061
Basic parameters for preheating the substrate are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1141mA, the scanning frequency is 300Hz, the scanning range is 300 percent, the scanning mode is circular, and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s. The preheating mode adopts step preheating, namely preheating beam current is gradually increased from 5mm to 25mm until the substrate is red hot, namely preheating is finished. The in-situ additive process parameters are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1141mA, the scanning frequency is 600Hz, the scanning range is 600 percent, the scanning mode is circular, the height of a single layer is 1mm, and the beam current of an electron beam is 25 mA.
The cooling process of the material increase component needs to adopt segmented cooling in a vacuum environment, namely cooling for 3 hours in high vacuum degree and preserving heat for 10 hours in low vacuum degree, wherein the high vacuum range is 5 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, and the low vacuum range is 5 Pa.
By adopting the method of the embodiment, the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component with good forming is obtained, the interlayer fusion is good, the defects such as air holes and the like are avoided, and the oxidation phenomenon is avoided. Fig. 1 is a real object diagram of the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram corresponding to the component.
The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component based on the electron beam double-wire in-situ additive manufacturing method is a process that a titanium wire and an aluminum wire are respectively positioned at two sides of a deposition direction and are fed into an electron beam focus at a certain angle, the titanium wire and the aluminum wire are asynchronously melted due to the difference of melting points under the action of high-frequency electron beam oscillation stirring to form a molten pool, titanium and aluminum are alloyed in situ in the molten pool to form the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound, and the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound is cooled to room temperature. In the process, the electron beam is selected as a heat source because of high energy density and high energy density, a temperature field far higher than the melting point of the material can be formed when the electron beam acts on the surface of the material, a large temperature gradient and a cooling rate can be realized, the material can have a large supercooling degree when being solidified, and a non-equilibrium solidification structure under large supercooling degree is formed when the electron beam is cooled to room temperature, so that the electron beam is different from the traditional processing means and the electric arc additive manufacturing. The titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound has intrinsic brittleness, extremely poor plasticity at room temperature and easy cracking, so the processing of the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component needs to be carried out after heating, the equipment cost is high, and the processing procedure is complex. Electron beam fuse additive manufacturing adopts layer-by-layer deposition to achieve near-net-shape forming of the material. The titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound is combined with electron beam fuse material increase manufacturing, the preparation and processing problems of the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound are solved, the large superheat characteristic is manufactured by using the electron beam fuse material increase manufacturing, and the large supercooling degree solidification of the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound under the low cooling speed is realized.

Claims (4)

1. The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on the electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) early preparation: respectively placing an aluminum wire and a titanium wire on different wire feeders of an electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system, adjusting the angle and the height of a wire feeding gun, fixing a titanium alloy substrate which is subjected to sand paper polishing and ethanol cleaning on a working platform of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system, and placing the working platform in a vacuum chamber of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing system; when the vacuum degree reaches the working vacuum degree, preheating the substrate by adopting a small beam current until the titanium alloy substrate is red hot;
(2) in-situ material increase: setting the wire feeding speed of an aluminum wire and a titanium wire, feeding the aluminum wire and the titanium wire simultaneously, feeding the aluminum wire and the titanium wire into the same molten pool, depositing according to a set path, cooling for a period of time after depositing a single channel, descending a workbench for a certain distance, and continuing to deposit to ensure that the focus of an electron beam is on the surface of the material increase component until the deposition is finished;
(3) cooling the additive component: placing the in-situ additive titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound component in a vacuum environment for cooling until the temperature is cooled to room temperature;
the angle adjustment range of the wire feeding gun is 30-60 degrees, and the phenomenon that wires cannot be fed into the same molten pool due to too small or too large angle is avoided; the distance between the front section wire of the wire feeding gun and the substrate is 0-1 mm;
the wire feeding speed of the wire is set according to the requirement, and the specific obtaining mode is as follows: and calculating the wire feeding speeds of the two materials according to the mass fraction, the density and the like of the alloy elements of the wire, as follows:
Figure 671490DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 791893DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
and
Figure 449926DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
mass fraction and atomic fraction of the main elements respectively;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
(i =1,2 … …, n) is the mass fraction of an element in different wires;
Figure 986080DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the wire feeding speed is set as mm/min;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is the diameter of the wire, and the unit is mm;
Figure 206977DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the density of the wire in g/cm 3 ；
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Is the relative atomic mass of the element; the wire feeding speed range is 300mm/min-3000 mm/min; based on the serious loss of aluminum element in the electron beam fuse material increase process, the designed components are different from the actual components, and the atomic percent of the aluminum element in the components is 5-10% higher than that of the actual components;
basic parameters for preheating the substrate are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1000-; the preheating mode adopts step preheating, namely preheating beam current is gradually increased from 5mm to 25mm until the substrate is red hot, namely preheating is finished;
the cooling process of the additive component needs to adopt segmented cooling in a vacuum environment, namely cooling for 2-3 hours in high vacuum degree and preserving heat for 10-15 hours in low vacuum degree, wherein the high vacuum range is less than 7 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, low vacuum range of 0-10 Pa.
2. The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on the electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the components of the aluminum wire and the titanium wire can be selected according to requirements, the titanium-aluminum system is selected from pure aluminum wires and pure titanium wires, the titanium-aluminum-vanadium system is selected from pure aluminum wires and Ti-6Al-4V wires, and the titanium-aluminum-manganese system is selected from aluminum-manganese alloy wires and pure titanium wires; the diameter range of the wire is 1.0-3mm, the thickness of the substrate made of titanium alloy material is larger than 10mm, and deformation caused by material increase internal stress is avoided.
3. The method for in-situ additive manufacturing of titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-filament fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the working vacuum degree is lower than 5 x 10 -2 Pa, cooling for 60-90s in the material increasing process.
4. The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on the electron beam dual-filament fuse in-situ additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the in-situ additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 60kV, the focusing current is 1000-.
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