CN112100923A - State evaluation method for frequency converter IGBT of full-power generation system - Google Patents
State evaluation method for frequency converter IGBT of full-power generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a state evaluation method of a full-power generation system frequency converter IGBT, which comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring a 13-type waveform signal; step 2, decomposing the 13-type waveform signals obtained in the step 1 to obtain characteristic information for judging faults; step 3, constructing the characteristic information of the judgment fault obtained in the step 2 by using a wavelet decomposition coefficient to obtain a characteristic vector; step 4, extracting a characteristic value from the characteristic vector obtained in the step 3; step 5, constructing a BP neural network; step 6, optimizing the obtained BP neural network; step 7, training the optimized BP neural network in the step 6 to obtain the trained optimized BP neural network; step 8, carrying in actual operation data verification by using the optimized BP neural network trained in the step 7, and evaluating whether the IGBT of the frequency converter is open-circuited in real time; the invention solves the problem of optimal configuration in the current offshore wind power overhaul work, and improves the economy, stability and maintainability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of state evaluation of frequency converters of offshore wind power generation sets, in particular to a state evaluation method of frequency converters IGBT of a full-power generation system.
Background
The frequency converter is an important electrical device in a large-capacity offshore wind turbine generator system, is one of core energy conversion devices in the wind turbine generator system, undertakes the task of converting electric energy fluctuating along with wind speed change frequency into electric energy with stable frequency, and is also one of devices with high failure rate. At present, the mainstream offshore wind turbine generators are all full-power variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) power generation systems, wherein a squirrel-cage asynchronous power generation system taking a high-speed gear box, a squirrel-cage asynchronous generator and a full-power frequency converter as a technical route is common. On one hand, with the rapid development of offshore wind power industry in China, the capacity of a single machine of an offshore wind power generation unit is continuously increased, the large capacity of a converter becomes a development trend, and higher requirements are put forward on the running reliability, the economy and the maintainability of equipment; on the other hand, 12 IGBTs forming the main circuit of the two-level frequency converter are controlled to be switched on and off, the switching loss and the conduction loss of the two-level frequency converter are large, and the two-level frequency converter is a weak link of system reliability. As the offshore wind turbine generator faces more complicated environmental conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, salt spray corrosion, thunder, typhoon and the like, the wind power fluctuates violently, the electric heating stress of the wind power converter changes violently, and the security and the reliability of a main circuit power semiconductor (IGBT) of the converter are threatened. According to statistics, most faults in the main circuit of the frequency converter are caused by IGBT damage. Therefore, a new technology is needed to realize real-time state evaluation of the IGBT component of the frequency converter, discover potential fault hazards as soon as possible and provide guidance for maintenance work.
At present, no one is involved in the field of the state evaluation of the IGBT of the frequency converter of the full-power generation system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a state evaluation method for a full-power generation system frequency converter IGBT, which solves the defect that the reliability of the whole system is poor because the state of the full-power generation system frequency converter IGBT is not evaluated in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a state evaluation method of a full-power generation system frequency converter IGBT, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining waveforms of a two-level full-power frequency converter in a normal working state and three-phase voltage waveform signals output by the frequency converter corresponding to the rectification circuit and the inverter circuit respectively when IGBT open circuit faults occur, and obtaining 13 types of waveform signals;
step 3, constructing the characteristic information of the judgment fault obtained in the step 2 by using a wavelet decomposition coefficient to obtain a characteristic vector;
step 7, training the optimized BP neural network in the step 6 to obtain the trained optimized BP neural network;
and 8, carrying in actual operation data verification by using the optimized BP neural network trained in the step 7, and evaluating whether the IGBT of the frequency converter is open-circuited in real time.
Preferably, in step 2, the 13-type waveform signal obtained in step 1 is decomposed by a wavelet decomposition method to obtain characteristic information for determining the fault.
Preferably, in step 5, the BP neural network is constructed by the specific method:
the excitation function g (x) of the BP neural network is a Sigmoid function;
the output of the hidden layer is:
the output of the output layer is:
the mean square error is:
wherein, YkAs desired;
the input layer of the neural network is provided with 18 nodes; the number of the output layer neurons is determined to be 13; the number of hidden layer nodes is 20.
Preferably, the neural network obtained in step 5 is optimized, and the specific method is as follows:
and optimizing and improving the neural network by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimized BP neural network.
Preferably, in step 7, the BP neural network optimized in step 6 is trained, specifically:
and training the optimized BP neural network by using the training set, optimizing the weight and the threshold, and taking the optimized weight and the optimized threshold as the initial weight and the threshold of the BP neural network to obtain the trained optimized BP neural network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the state evaluation method of the IGBT of the frequency converter of the full-power generation system, provided by the invention, the state evaluation result of the IGBT as a key component in the two-level frequency converter can be given in real time according to the existing monitoring quantity, so that reference is provided for the maintenance of the frequency converter of the offshore full-power generation system. The problem of optimal configuration in the existing offshore wind power overhaul work can be solved, and the economy, stability and maintainability are improved;
the BP neural network has strong nonlinear mapping capability and can well establish the relation between the fault type and the fault result of the IGBT of the frequency converter; wavelet decomposition is beneficial to extracting relevant characteristic parameters. However, the traditional BP neural network also has the problems of low precision, difficulty in obtaining the optimal weight value and the like. The invention adopts the genetic algorithm improved BP neural network, and optimizes the weight and the threshold of the neural network by fusing the models established by the genetic algorithm and the neural network, thereby solving the self limitation problem of the neural network. The optimized model can well diagnose the IGBT fault of the frequency converter, the accuracy of the diagnosis result is higher, the complex frequency converter fault can be effectively positioned and diagnosed, the maintenance efficiency is improved, and the loss when the fault occurs is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-level PWM-type frequency converter.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the improved BP neural network.
Fig. 4 is an improved BP neural network training diagram.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an improved BP neural network prediction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for evaluating the state of the inverter IGBT of the full power generation system according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, collecting and screening three-phase voltage waveform data of a network side in the running process of a two-level full-power frequency converter, and respectively obtaining waveforms of the two-level full-power frequency converter in a normal working state and three-phase voltage waveform signals output by respectively corresponding frequency converters when IGBTs of a rectifying circuit and an inverter circuit are in open-circuit faults, wherein 13 types of waveform signals are respectively corresponding to a normal state or a fault state;
step 3, constructing the characteristic information of the judgment fault obtained in the step 2 by using a wavelet decomposition coefficient to obtain a characteristic vector;
step 7, training the optimized BP neural network to obtain the trained optimized BP neural network;
and 8, carrying in actual operation data verification by using the trained optimized BP neural network, and evaluating whether the IGBT of the frequency converter is open-circuited in real time.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the method for decomposing the 13 types of waveform signals by using wavelet decomposition comprises the following specific steps:
setting wavelet decomposition as 5-layer decomposition form, and decomposing the original signal as follows:
X=A5+D1+D2+D3+D4+D5
wherein, X is an original waveform signal; a. the5Decomposing the high-frequency part contained in the fifth layer; d1、D2、D3、D4And D5The low-frequency part contained after each layer is decomposed;
A5、D1、D2、D3、D4and D5Corresponding wavelet packet decomposition coefficients are arranged on all the parts, and feature vectors are constructed according to the coefficients obtained by decomposition:
SA=[C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6]
C1、C2、C3、C4、C5and C6Is the decomposition coefficient of each layer of phase A, SAIs A-phase eigenvector;
S=[SA SB SC]
wherein S is a three-phase eigenvector;
normalizing the elements in the feature vector S by the following formula to obtain a normalized feature value:
wherein y is a normalized value, x is a sample value, and x isminIs the smallest value, x, of the values in the sample datamaxIs the maximum value of the data in the sample.
The experiment of each group actually extracts a feature vector consisting of 18 feature elements from the waveform of each fault.
In the step 5, a BP neural network algorithm is adopted to construct a model in the step 6, and the specific method is as follows:
algorithm design
Selecting the characteristic value obtained in the step 4, firstly setting an excitation function g (x) as a Sigmoid function
Setting input layer to hidden layer weight value (omega)ij) Threshold value (a)j) Hidden layer to output layer weight (ω)jk) Threshold value (b)k) The number of nodes of the input layer, the hidden layer and the output layer is n, l, m, and the hidden layer output (H) can be obtainedj) And output layer output (O)k) Can be expressed as:
mean square error (E) of output layerk) Can be expressed as:
Ykas desired.
And observing whether the error is in an allowable range according to the output, if not, continuing the operation, and if so, ending the operation.
Designing an input layer, wherein the fault characteristic vectors obtained by wavelet analysis can be known, the input layer of the neural network is designed with 18 nodes, and the sample fault data is 18-dimensional;
and in the design of an output layer, aiming at the single-tube open-circuit fault of the frequency converter, 13 fault states are provided, namely the state when the frequency converter operates normally and the state when 12 IGBTs have open-circuit faults respectively, so that the number of neurons in the output layer is determined to be 13. Failure modes are defined herein as 1, 2, 3, …, 13. Wherein 1 represents the normal state of the frequency converter, and 2 to 13 represent the fault states corresponding to the IGBTs with different numbers.
Adopting binary fault codes of 13 bits for the output of the neural network and respectively corresponding to different fault modes;
and (4) designing the hidden layer, obtaining the number of nodes of the hidden layer by using an empirical formula, and comparing the number of the nodes of the hidden layer to select an optimal solution. The number of the hidden layer nodes is finally determined to be 20 through repeated tests.
Training function setting, wherein the training function of the neural network selects train lm, the transfer function from the input layer to the hidden layer selects a distance function, and the function from the hidden layer to the output layer selects a purelin function.
Preferably, the BP neural network algorithm is improved by using a genetic algorithm in step 6:
the Genetic Algorithm (Genetic Algorithm) can improve the global search capability of the neural network and can well solve the problem that the neural network is easy to fall into local minimum. A multi-population algorithm is utilized herein to improve the BP neural network.
Optimization and improvement by using a genetic algorithm, specifically:
firstly, coding the weight and the threshold of the BP neural network;
and selecting a fitness function, wherein the fitness function is a standard for distinguishing the individual from good or bad, and is a function for calculating the fitness of the individual determined according to the evolution target. The functional formula is expressed as:
n is the number of output nodes of the neural network, riIs the actual value of the ith node in the neural network, piK is a coefficient, which is a predicted value of the ith node.
Selecting operation is carried out by using a roulette algorithm, and population evolution is carried out by using a real number intersection method:
setting a variation function:
amaxand aminIs aijF (g) is the evolution function, g is the current evolution times.
And taking the optimized weight threshold value as an initial weight and a threshold value of the neural network.
The network is trained using a training set.
In step 8, the specific method for evaluating the frequency converter IGBT according to the established improved BP neural network is as follows:
collecting three-phase voltage data of a frequency converter network side, and extracting a characteristic vector by utilizing 5-layer wavelet decomposition;
optimizing the BP neural network by using a genetic algorithm, wherein the parameters are set as follows:
TABLE 1 genetic Algorithm parameter set-ups
And taking the optimized weight threshold value as an initial weight and a threshold value of the neural network, and operating the neural network.
And 8, evaluating the actual states of the 12 IGBTs in the frequency converter according to the 13-dimensional vector output in the step 7.
Examples
The full-power generation system adopts a two-level mode, a core rectification inverter circuit is composed of 12 high-power IGBTs, and the whole structure is shown in figure 2; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
collecting three-phase voltage operation data of a frequency converter network side;
the data is extracted by wavelet decomposition, and the number of decomposition layers is 5.
X=A5+D1+D2+D3+D4+D5
Wherein, X is an original waveform signal; a. the5Decomposing the high-frequency part contained in the fifth layer; d1、D2、D3、D4And D5The low frequency part contained after the decomposition of each layer.
Extracting each decomposition coefficient to construct a feature vector:
SA=[C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6]
C1、C2、C3、C4、C5and C6Is a decomposition coefficient of each layer, SAIs A-phase eigenvector;
S=[SA SB SC]
s is a three-phase eigenvector;
and (3) establishing a BP neural network by taking a genetic algorithm as an optimization strategy, as shown in figure 3.
Normalizing elements in the feature vector as follows:
wherein y is a normalized value, x is a sample value, and x isminIs the smallest value, x, of the values in the sample datamaxIs the maximum value of the data in the sample.
The excitation function is set to be a Sigmoid function,
setting the weight value of the hidden layer, the threshold value and the learning rate of the input layer, the output of the hidden layer and the output layer can be expressed as:
the output mean square error can be expressed as:
coding the weight and the threshold of the BP neural network;
and selecting a fitness function, wherein the fitness function is a standard for distinguishing the individual from good or bad, and is a function for calculating the fitness of the individual determined according to the evolution target. The functional formula is expressed as:
n is the number of output nodes of the neural network, riIs the actual value of the ith node in the neural network, piK is a coefficient, which is a predicted value of the ith node.
Selecting operation is carried out by using a roulette algorithm, and population evolution is carried out by using a real number intersection method:
setting a variation function:
amaxand aminIs aijF (g) is the evolution function, g is the current evolution times.
And taking the optimized weight threshold value as an initial weight and a threshold value of the neural network, and training the network by using a training set. The training results are shown in fig. 4.
And continuously adjusting the evolution function, and finally optimizing the weight range. For the squirrel cage full power generation system. The state of each IGBT is predicted by adopting the improved BP neural network, and the accuracy rate can reach more than 95 percent, as shown in figure 5. The operation and maintenance analysis efficiency and accuracy are greatly improved.
Claims (5)
1. A state evaluation method for a frequency converter IGBT of a full-power generation system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining waveforms of a two-level full-power frequency converter in a normal working state and three-phase voltage waveform signals output by the frequency converter corresponding to the rectification circuit and the inverter circuit respectively when IGBT open circuit faults occur, and obtaining 13 types of waveform signals;
step 2, decomposing the 13-type waveform signals obtained in the step 1 to obtain characteristic information for judging faults;
step 3, constructing the characteristic information of the judgment fault obtained in the step 2 by using a wavelet decomposition coefficient to obtain a characteristic vector;
step 4, extracting a characteristic value from the characteristic vector obtained in the step 3;
step 5, constructing a BP neural network, and taking the characteristic value obtained in the step 4 as an input layer of the constructed BP neural network;
step 6, optimizing the neural network obtained in the step 5 to obtain an optimized BP neural network;
step 7, training the optimized BP neural network in the step 6 to obtain the trained optimized BP neural network;
and 8, carrying in actual operation data verification by using the optimized BP neural network trained in the step 7, and evaluating whether the IGBT of the frequency converter is open-circuited in real time.
2. The method for evaluating the state of the inverter IGBT of the full-power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the 13-type waveform signals obtained in step 1 are decomposed by a wavelet decomposition method to obtain characteristic information for judging faults.
3. The state evaluation method of the full-power generation system frequency converter IGBT according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 5, a BP neural network is constructed, and the specific method is as follows:
the excitation function g (x) of the BP neural network is a Sigmoid function;
the output of the hidden layer is:
the output of the output layer is:
the mean square error is:
wherein, YkAs desired;
the input layer of the neural network is provided with 18 nodes; the number of the output layer neurons is determined to be 13; the number of hidden layer nodes is 20.
4. The state evaluation method of the full-power generation system frequency converter IGBT according to claim 1, characterized in that the neural network obtained in step 5 is optimized, and the specific method is as follows:
and optimizing and improving the neural network by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimized BP neural network.
5. The state evaluation method of the full-power generation system frequency converter IGBT according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 7, the BP neural network optimized in step 6 is trained, specifically:
and training the optimized BP neural network by using the training set, optimizing the weight and the threshold, and taking the optimized weight and the optimized threshold as the initial weight and the threshold of the BP neural network to obtain the trained optimized BP neural network.
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