CN112083486A - Low-speed layer speed obtaining method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for acquiring a low-speed layer speed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting surface data of a target area by using small refraction; establishing a speed model with the characteristics of a horizontal laminar medium by utilizing surface data; and carrying out chromatographic inversion on the velocity model, and acquiring the average velocity of the low-velocity layer according to a chromatographic inversion result. According to the method, the surface data of the target area are acquired by using small refraction, the surface data are used for establishing the speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium, and then the chromatographic inversion is carried out on the speed model, so that the speed of the low-speed layer can be corrected, the average speed of the low-speed layer is obtained, and the ground surface investigation precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a low-speed interval velocity obtaining method and device.
Background
In geophysical seismic exploration, small refraction is a ground surface investigation method which is widely applied to research of the surface layer structure of the ground surface by utilizing shallow refracted waves and direct waves. The surface structure of the earth surface comprises a low-speed layer and a high-speed layer, and part of the low-speed layer has the characteristics of a horizontal laminar medium, namely, the wave speed of the low-speed layer changes along with the change of the depth and is not a value which tends to be constant.
When the prior art uses a small refraction method to investigate the low-speed layer with the characteristics of the horizontal layered medium, the speeds of the low-speed layer obtained by investigation are all lower, and thus the accuracy of surface investigation is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-speed layer speed acquisition method for improving the ground surface survey precision, which comprises the following steps:
collecting surface data of a target area by using small refraction;
establishing a speed model with the characteristics of a horizontal laminar medium by utilizing surface data;
and carrying out chromatographic inversion on the velocity model, and acquiring the average velocity of the low-velocity layer according to a chromatographic inversion result.
Optionally, the establishing a velocity model with horizontal laminar medium characteristics by using the surface data includes:
acquiring low-speed layer speed data, low-speed layer thickness data and high-speed layer speed data by using surface layer data interpretation;
and establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by using the low-speed layer speed data, the low-speed layer thickness data and the high-speed layer speed data.
Optionally, the surface data includes a first arrival time of the refracted wave.
Optionally, when the velocity model is subjected to tomographic inversion, the velocity of the high-velocity layer is constrained, and only the velocity of the low-velocity layer is inverted.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a low-speed layer speed acquisition device, which is used for improving the ground surface investigation precision and comprises the following components:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring surface layer data of the target area by using small refraction;
the model establishing module is used for establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by utilizing the surface data;
and the speed acquisition module is used for carrying out chromatographic inversion on the speed model and acquiring the average speed of the low-speed layer according to a chromatographic inversion result.
Optionally, the model building module is further configured to:
acquiring low-speed layer speed data, low-speed layer thickness data and high-speed layer speed data by using surface layer data interpretation;
and establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by using the low-speed layer speed data, the low-speed layer thickness data and the high-speed layer speed data.
Optionally, the surface data includes a first arrival time of the refracted wave.
Optionally, when the velocity model is subjected to tomographic inversion, the velocity of the high-velocity layer is constrained, and only the velocity of the low-velocity layer is inverted.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the method when executing the computer program.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program for executing the above method is stored.
In the embodiment of the invention, the surface data of the target area is acquired by using the small refraction, the velocity model with the characteristics of the continuous horizontal layered medium is established by using the surface data, and then the chromatographic inversion is carried out on the velocity model, so that the velocity of the low-speed layer can be explained, the average velocity of the low-speed layer is obtained, and the investigation precision of the earth surface is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a low-speed layer speed acquisition method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-speed layer speed obtaining device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an observation of a small refraction survey according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an initialization velocity model established according to the result of a small refraction investigation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a velocity model after tomographic inversion according to a small refraction investigation result in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 illustrates a method for acquiring a low-speed layer speed according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
and 103, carrying out chromatographic inversion on the velocity model, and acquiring the average velocity of the low-velocity layer according to a chromatographic inversion result.
According to the method for acquiring the low-speed layer speed, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the surface data of the target area is acquired by using the small refraction, the speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium is established by using the surface data, and then the chromatographic inversion is carried out on the speed model, so that the low-speed layer speed can be corrected, the average speed of the low-speed layer is acquired, and the ground surface investigation precision is improved.
In step 101, surface data of a target area is acquired with a small refraction, the surface data including a first arrival time of a refracted wave.
In step 102, a velocity model with horizontal laminar media characteristics is built using surface data, comprising:
acquiring low-speed layer speed data, low-speed layer thickness data and high-speed layer speed data by using surface layer data interpretation;
and establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by using the low-speed layer speed data, the low-speed layer thickness data and the high-speed layer speed data.
Specifically, the velocity model has the following features:
the velocity model is a horizontal layer model, subdivided by square meshes, the mesh size x (m) is generally not greater than 1m, and the velocity in each mesh is a constant.
Wherein, the number of meshes of the thickness of the low-speed layer in the speed model is determined by a formula (1):
n0＝int(z/x+1.0) (1)
in equation (1), z is the low velocity layer thickness obtained with small refraction, x is the mesh size, n0The number of grids of a low-speed layer in the vertical direction in the speed model is, and int represents rounding.
Thickness h of low-speed layer in speed model0Determined by equation (2):
h0＝n0×x (2)
the velocity in the horizontal direction is the same in each layer of the horizontal layer model.
Vertical direction n0Within a grid (including the nth0Mesh) is a low-velocity layer velocity (v) obtained with small refractions0) And (6) filling.
Low speed in the speed modelUnder the layer is a high-speed layer with a high-speed layer thickness h1Determined by equation (3):
h1＝n1×x (3)
in the formula (3), n1The number of the grids of the high-speed layer thickness in the vertical direction in the speed model is an integer, and the value of the number is more than 2.
In the velocity model, the maximum velocity VmaxI.e. the filling speed in the bottom grid of the speed model is determined by equation (4):
Vmax＝int(v2/50+1)×50 (4)
in the formula (4), v2Is the high-speed layer velocity of the small refraction interpretation, int represents rounding;
in the velocity model, the filling velocity V in each grid in the vertical direction of the high-speed layerfDetermined by equation (5):
Vf＝v2+(i-1)×(Vmax-v2)/(n1-1) (5)
in the formula (5), v2Is the high-speed layer velocity obtained by small refraction, i is the grid index of the start of the high-speed layer in the vertical direction, and the value range is [1, n1 ]]。
In step 103, the ray tracing method used in the tomographic inversion process is the Moser method, and the inversion method used is the SIRT method. And constraining the high-speed layer speed during inversion, and inverting only the low-speed layer speed, specifically:
the velocity is a constant in the horizontal direction before and after inversion of the velocity model.
After the tomographic inversion, the grid velocity needs to be smoothed to obtain a final tomographic inversion velocity, and the vertical smooth radius r is determined by the formula (6):
r＝x×k (6)
in formula (6), k is an integer, and generally takes a value between [1 and 3 ]; the speed smoothing method is determined by the following equation (7):
in the formula (7), v3iIs the smoothed grid velocity, and is also the final velocity of the tomographic inversion, vjIs the grid speed after the chromatographic inversion, i is the grid index of the low-speed layer in the vertical direction in the model, and the value is [1, n0]To (c) to (d); n is the number of valid speeds.
When the smoothing processing is carried out on the inverted speed, only the depth in the speed model is processed to be [0, h0]A speed within the range.
The speed of the high-speed layer remains constant and is consistent with the speed of the initial model.
Average speed v of low-speed layeravgDetermined by equation (8):
in the formula (8), h0Is the low velocity layer thickness in the tomographic model; x is the grid size; v3iIs the smoothed mesh velocity; is also the speed of the final tomographic inversion; n is0The total number of the low-speed layer thickness in the chromatography grids; the value range of i is [1, n0 ]]。
The invention is illustrated below with a certain small refractive surface survey as an example:
a certain small refraction surface layer investigation point adopts an observation mode of 2-shot excitation and 24-channel reception, and an observation system is shown in figure 3. In fig. 3, the horizontal axis represents distance (m) and the vertical axis represents time (ms). At time 0 at the bottom of fig. 3, the inverted triangle is the excitation point location, the positive triangle is the reception point location, and the dots in the figure are the first arrival times of the pick-ups.
Specifically, surface data of a target area is acquired with a small refraction, the surface data including a first arrival time of a refracted wave.
Low-speed layer speed data (v) are obtained by using first arrival time interpretation0628m/s), low-speed floor thickness data (z 4.2m) and high-speed floor speed data (v)2＝1872m/s)。
And establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by using the low-speed layer speed data, the low-speed layer thickness data and the high-speed layer speed data.
The velocity model is a horizontal layer model, which is divided by square grids, the grid size x (m) is generally not more than 1m, the velocity in each grid is a constant, the length of the model in the horizontal direction is 214m, and the grid size x is 0.5 m.
Wherein, the number of meshes of the thickness of the low-speed layer in the speed model is determined by a formula (1):
n0＝int(z/x+1.0) (1)
in the formula (1), z is a low-speed layer thickness of 4.2m obtained by small refraction, x is the above-mentioned mesh size of 0.5m, and n is0The number of grids of a low-speed layer in the vertical direction in a speed model, int represents rounding, n0＝0.9。
Thickness h of low-speed layer in speed model0The value was 4.5m as calculated by equation (2):
h0＝n0×x (2)
the velocity in the horizontal direction is the same in each layer of the horizontal layer model.
Vertical direction n0Within a grid (including the nth0Mesh) is a low-velocity layer velocity (v) obtained with small refractions0628m/s) is filled.
In the speed model, a high-speed layer is arranged below a low-speed layer, and the thickness h of the high-speed layer1Determined by equation (3):
h1＝n1×x (3)
in the formula (3), n1Is an integer representing the number of grids of the high-velocity layer thickness in the vertical direction in the velocity model, n in this example131, h1 is 15.5 m.
In the velocity model, the maximum velocity Vmax, i.e., the filling velocity in the velocity model bottom grid, is determined by equation (4):
Vmax＝int(v2/50+1)×50 (4)
in the formula (4), v2 is 1872m/s, and Vmax is 1900m/s after calculation;
in the velocity model, the filling velocity V in each grid in the vertical direction of the high-speed layerfIs given by the formula (5) Determining:
Vf＝v2+(i-1)×(Vmax-v2)/(n1-1) (5)
in the formula (5), v2Is the high-speed layer velocity obtained by small refraction, i is the grid index of the start of the high-speed layer in the vertical direction, and the value range is [1, n1 ]]。
With the result of small refraction interpretation, the tomographic inversion initial model built according to the above steps is shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, the initial model of the tomographic inversion is on the left, and the depth-velocity curve of the model is on the right.
After the tomographic inversion, the grid velocity needs to be smoothed to obtain a final tomographic inversion velocity, and the vertical smooth radius r is determined by the formula (6):
r＝x×k (6)
in formula (6), k is 1; the speed smoothing method is determined by the following equation (7):
in the formula (7), v3iIs the smoothed grid velocity, and is also the final velocity of the tomographic inversion, vjIs the grid speed after the chromatographic inversion, i is the grid index of the low-speed layer in the vertical direction in the model, and the value is [1, n0]To (c) to (d); n is the number of valid speeds.
When the smoothing processing is carried out on the inverted speed, only the depth in the speed model is processed to be [0, h0]A speed within the range.
The speed of the high-speed layer remains constant and is consistent with the speed of the initial model.
Average speed v of low-speed layeravgDetermined by equation (8):
in the formula (8), n0X is 9 and 0.5, and the calculated average speed is 866 m/s; value range of iIs enclosed as [1, n0 ]]。
The tomographic inversion velocity model is shown in FIG. 5. On the left in FIG. 5 is the tomographic inverted velocity model, the curve in the figure is the inverted ray path; the depth-velocity curve of the velocity model is on the right.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a low-speed layer speed obtaining device, as described in the following embodiments. Because the principle of the low-speed layer speed acquisition device for solving the problem is similar to that of the low-speed layer speed acquisition method, the implementation of the low-speed layer speed acquisition device can refer to the implementation of the low-speed layer speed acquisition method, and repeated parts are not described again. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a low-speed layer speed obtaining apparatus, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus includes:
and the data acquisition module 201 is used for acquiring surface data of the target area by using small refraction.
And a model building module 202 for building a velocity model with horizontal laminar media characteristics using the surface data.
And the speed acquisition module 203 is configured to perform chromatography inversion on the speed model, and acquire the average speed of the low-speed layer according to a chromatography inversion result.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the model building module 202 is further configured to:
acquiring low-speed layer speed data, low-speed layer thickness data and high-speed layer speed data by using surface layer data interpretation;
and establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by using the low-speed layer speed data, the low-speed layer thickness data and the high-speed layer speed data.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the surface data includes a first arrival time of the refracted wave.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the tomographic inversion is carried out on the velocity model, the velocity of a high-speed layer is restricted, and only the velocity of a low-speed layer is inverted.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the method when executing the computer program.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-speed layer speed acquisition method, comprising:
collecting surface data of a target area by using small refraction;
establishing a speed model with the characteristics of a horizontal laminar medium by utilizing surface data;
and carrying out chromatographic inversion on the velocity model, and acquiring the average velocity of the low-velocity layer according to a chromatographic inversion result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein using the surface data to build a velocity model with horizontal laminar media characteristics comprises:
acquiring low-speed layer speed data, low-speed layer thickness data and high-speed layer speed data by using surface layer data interpretation;
and establishing a horizontal laminar velocity model with chromatographic constraint inversion by using the low-speed layer velocity data, the low-speed layer thickness data and the high-speed layer velocity data.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface data comprises a first arrival time of a refracted wave.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein when performing tomographic inversion of the velocity model, the high-velocity interval velocity is constrained and only the low-velocity interval velocity is inverted.
5. A low-speed floor speed acquisition device, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring surface layer data of the target area by using small refraction;
the model establishing module is used for establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by utilizing the surface data;
and the speed acquisition module is used for carrying out chromatographic inversion on the speed model and acquiring the average speed of the low-speed layer according to a chromatographic inversion result.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the model building module is further to:
acquiring low-speed layer speed data, low-speed layer thickness data and high-speed layer speed data by using surface layer data interpretation;
and establishing a speed model with the characteristics of the horizontal laminar medium by using the low-speed layer speed data, the low-speed layer thickness data and the high-speed layer speed data.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the surface data comprises a first arrival time of a refracted wave.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein when performing tomographic inversion of the velocity model, the high velocity interval velocity and depth are constrained and only the low velocity interval velocity is inverted.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022164700A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Refraction seismic system and method for generating a velocity model |
| US11448785B2 (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2022-09-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods and seismic shot generation and data collection systems utilizing refraction in horizontal stratified media for monotonically increased velocity determinations |
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