CN112080154A - Three-dimensional printing material based on wood powder raw material and preparation and printing methods thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional printing material based on wood powder raw material and preparation and printing methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional printing and forming, and provides a three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on wood flour raw materials and a preparation method and a printing method thereof, wherein the printing material comprises composite wood flour, the composite wood flour consists of 100 parts of wood flour raw materials with the grain diameter within 200 meshes, 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70% or equivalent AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain diameter of 200-300 meshes, 5-10 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain diameter of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 5-10 parts of AR-level soluble starch and 10-15 parts of auxiliary agents; printing ink the printing ink was prepared according to the following plasma water: surfactant Surfynol 465: the printing ink is prepared according to the proportion of diethylene glycol 87:5:8, the viscosity value is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m‑1And (3) a range. The invention can effectively improve the indexes of the powder such as the particle size, the powder distribution condition, the fluidity and the like by modifying the powder, and meet the requirements of the 3DP forming process on materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional printing and forming, in particular to a wood powder material for three-dimensional printing and forming and a preparation and printing method thereof.
Background
Wood flour is ground from wood, and generally refers to leftover waste material left after wood processing in sawmills, furniture factories, density board factories and multi-layer board factories. Although the material is waste material, the material has wide application range and is a novel energy-saving and environment-friendly material. Can be used as raw materials of mosquito-repellent incense, leather, clothes, paper, electric appliances, articles for daily use, coating, cat litter, chemical engineering, insulating materials, outdoor decorative materials, building materials and other products. The red sandalwood, the yellow rosewood, the redwood and other woods are extremely precious, beautiful in wood patterns, hard in material and durable, and are valuable furniture, industrial art and other materials with large demand and extremely small yield, so that the use of the leftover materials of the precious woods is more and more valued by people. Whether these scrap materials can continue to be furniture or artware becomes an important application.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, also known as 3D Printing technology, is a Manufacturing technology that integrates computer aided design, material processing and forming technology, and stacks dedicated metal materials, non-metal materials and medical biomaterials layer by layer through software and a numerical control system by using a digital model file as a basis according to extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and other modes to manufacture a solid object. According to different process principles, hundreds of specific forming processes are available. Among them, the Three-Dimensional Printing (3 DP) technique, also called a Three-Dimensional inkjet Printing method, is to "print" a series of two-Dimensional cross sections of parts on a powder material by using an adhesive (such as silica gel, PVA, PVP, etc.) through a nozzle.
The current 3DP technology uses more widely powder materials including gypsum powder, ceramic powder, metal powder and the like, while wood powder is rarely used. The reasons for the lack of wide application are mainly the powder characteristics of wood powder, such as large particle size, uneven particle size distribution, irregular powder shape, low sphericity, and the like, and especially the poor flowability of wood powder is an important reason for influencing the application in the printing process.
The invention aims to deeply process the leftover materials of woods, particularly valuable woods such as red sandalwood, yellow rose, redwood and the like, modify the powder, effectively improve the indexes such as the granularity, the powder distribution condition, the fluidity and the like, meet the requirements of a 3DP forming process on the materials, and further three-dimensionally print various exquisite special-shaped furniture and exquisite artware.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional printing material based on wood powder raw material and a preparation method thereof, wood leftover materials are used as raw materials, and wood powder is modified, so that the indexes of particle size, powder distribution condition, fluidity and the like can be effectively improved, the requirements of a 3DP forming process on the material are met, and various exquisite special-shaped furniture and exquisite artware are printed in a three-dimensional mode.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material comprises composite wood powder, wherein the composite wood powder consists of 100 parts of wood powder raw material with the wood powder grain size within 200 meshes, 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70% or equivalent AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain size of 200-300 meshes, 5-10 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain size of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 5-10 parts of AR-level soluble starch and 10-15 parts of auxiliary agent.
Furthermore, the particle size of the composite wood powder is within 0.05 mm.
Furthermore, the auxiliary agent consists of 40% of a toughening agent, 35% of an antioxidant and 25% of a coupling agent.
Preferably, the toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene, the antioxidant is vitamin E, and the coupling agent is titanate.
Preferably, the wood flour raw material is wood processing leftover waste, and the wood flour raw material comprises at least one of pterocarpus indicus, rose and redwood.
Further, the ink also comprises printing ink, wherein the viscosity value of the printing ink is in a range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value of the printing ink is in a range of 25-60 mN.m-1。
Preferably, the printing ink comprises plasma water, a surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol, and the ratio of the plasma water to the surfactant Surfynol465 to the diethylene glycol is 87:5: 8.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically pulverizing 100 parts of leftover materials of precious wood such as red sandalwood, yellow rose, rosewood and the like, and reducing the particle size to 50-80 meshes;
(2) further machining, grinding equipment, zirconia grinding balls with the ball diameter of 10-30mm and a grinding tank are used, the rotation speed is 300-500 r/min, and the wood powder is fully ground for 20-30 hours in a 360-degree all-round mode, so that the particle size of the wood powder is within 200 meshes;
(3) adding 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70% or equivalent AR grade cold water soluble PVA1788 powder with 200-300 meshes into grinding equipment; the grain diameter of the nano silicon dioxide powder is 10-50nm, and 5-10 parts; 5 parts of natural resin; 5-10 parts of AR-grade soluble starch; 10-15 parts of an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent consists of 40 wt% of a toughening agent, 35 wt% of an antioxidant and 25 wt% of a coupling agent, wherein the toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene; the antioxidant is vitamin E; the coupling agent is titanate; and using zirconia grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, 300-500 rpm of rotation speed, 360 degrees of all-round grinding for 5-8 hours;
(4) drying the modified composite wood powder in an electric heating air blast drying oven for 3-5h at 40-60 ℃, then continuously grinding, using zirconium oxide grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, rotating at the speed of 300 plus 500r/min at 360 ℃ for 5-8 h in an all-dimensional way, and dispersing for 10-15 min by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(5) further sieving, namely using a 280-300-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the wood powder is within 0.05mm and normally distributed, and then carrying out vacuum packaging;
(6) preparing ink for printing according to the following steps of: surfactant Surfynol 465: the printing ink is prepared according to the proportion of diethylene glycol 87:5:8, the viscosity value is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1And (3) a range.
The invention also provides a printing method of the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding composite wood flour with the grain diameter within 0.05mm, which is prepared by mixing and processing 100 parts of wood flour raw material with the grain diameter within 200 meshes, 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent AR grade cold water soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain diameter of 200-300 meshes, 5-10 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain diameter of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 5-10 parts of AR grade soluble starch and 10-15 parts of auxiliary agent, into a powder box of three-dimensional printing forming equipment;
s2, injecting printing ink prepared from plasma water, surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol according to the ratio of 87:5:8 into an ink tank of three-dimensional printing forming equipment;
s3, importing the designed three-dimensional model into slicing software to generate a spray head motion trail file, and after loading the spray head motion trail file into three-dimensional printing forming equipment, enabling the spray head to jet ink and the composite wood powder to be bonded for printing;
and S4, performing post-treatment after printing, standing for 3 hours after printing, taking out a printed blank, cleaning residual wood powder, soaking or spraying the blank in UV glue, putting the blank into UV curing equipment for 3-5 minutes, and finally manually polishing and forming the outer surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the three-dimensional printing forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, wood leftover materials are used as the raw materials, and wood powder is modified, so that the indexes of the wood powder, such as particle size, powder distribution condition and fluidity, can be effectively improved, the requirements of a 3DP forming process on the material are met, and various exquisite special-shaped furniture and exquisite artware are printed in a three-dimensional mode.
(2) According to the three-dimensional printing forming printing material based on the wood flour raw material, the modified wood flour is suitable in granularity, after various preparations are added, the modified wood flour is contacted with ink, the bonding performance is further improved, the flowability is greatly improved, and the three-dimensional printing forming printing material is suitable for powder spreading in the printing process of three-dimensional printing forming equipment.
(3) The invention relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional printing forming printing material based on wood powder raw materials, which aims to give full play to the advantages of a three-dimensional printing forming technology, is suitable for complex forming and meets the requirements on the modeling of precious artworks, and most of powder materials can be bonded and formed by an adhesive and can be used.
(4) According to the preparation method of the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, the prepared wood powder is proper in particle size, uniform in distribution and good in flowability, the modified wood powder retains the essence of the wood powder to a certain extent, the compactness of the powder is guaranteed, and the formed part has good mechanical properties. The prepared ink is economical and applicable, and has good effect. The finished piece after the UV glue post-treatment can be remanufactured or recreated, and the advantages of the precious wood powder are fully displayed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material comprises composite wood powder, wherein the composite wood powder consists of 100 parts of wood powder raw material with the wood powder grain size within 200 meshes, 10 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain size of 200-300 meshes, 10 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain size of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 5 parts of AR-level soluble starch and 15 parts of auxiliary agent.
The grain size of the composite wood powder is within 0.05 mm.
The auxiliary agent consists of 40% of toughening agent, 35% of antioxidant and 25% of coupling agent.
The toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene, the antioxidant is vitamin E, and the coupling agent is titanate.
The wood flour raw material is wood processing leftover waste, and the red sandalwood is selected as the wood flour raw material.
The printing material also comprises printing ink, the viscosity value of the printing ink is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1。
The printing ink comprises plasma water, a surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol, wherein the ratio of the plasma water to the surfactant Surfynol465 to the diethylene glycol is 87:5: 8.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically crushing 100 parts of the leftover materials of the red sandalwood, and reducing the particle size to 50-80 meshes;
(2) further machining, grinding equipment, zirconia grinding balls with the ball diameter of 10-30mm and a grinding tank are used, the rotation speed is 300-500 r/min, and the wood powder is fully ground for 20-30 hours in a 360-degree all-round mode, so that the particle size of the wood powder is within 200 meshes;
(3) adding 10 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent amount of 200-300-mesh AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder into grinding equipment; 10 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder with the particle size of 10-50 nm; 5 parts of natural resin; 5 parts of AR-grade soluble starch; 15 parts of an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent consists of 40 wt% of a toughening agent, 35 wt% of an antioxidant and 25 wt% of a coupling agent, wherein the toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene; the antioxidant is vitamin E; the coupling agent is titanate; and using zirconia grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, 300-500 rpm of rotation speed, 360 degrees of all-round grinding for 5-8 hours;
(4) drying the modified composite wood powder in an electric heating air blast drying oven for 3-5h at 40-60 ℃, then continuously grinding, using zirconium oxide grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, rotating at the speed of 300 plus 500r/min at 360 ℃ for 5-8 h in an all-dimensional way, and dispersing for 10-15 min by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(5) further sieving, namely using a 280-300-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the wood powder is within 0.05mm and normally distributed, and then carrying out vacuum packaging;
(6) preparing ink for printing according to the following steps of: surfactant Surfynol 465: the printing ink is prepared according to the proportion of diethylene glycol 87:5:8, the viscosity value is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1And (3) a range.
Example 2
The three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material comprises composite wood powder, wherein the composite wood powder consists of 100 parts of wood powder raw material with the wood powder grain diameter within 200 meshes, 15 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain diameter of 200-300 meshes, 8 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain diameter of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 8 parts of AR-level soluble starch and 12 parts of auxiliary agent.
The grain size of the composite wood powder is within 0.05 mm.
The auxiliary agent consists of 40% of toughening agent, 35% of antioxidant and 25% of coupling agent.
The toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene, the antioxidant is vitamin E, and the coupling agent is titanate.
The wood flour raw material is wood processing leftover materials, and the wood flour raw material adopts Huanghua pears.
The printing material also comprises printing ink, the viscosity value of the printing ink is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1。
The printing ink comprises plasma water, a surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol, wherein the ratio of the plasma water to the surfactant Surfynol465 to the diethylene glycol is 87:5: 8.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically pulverizing 100 parts of waste materials of yellow pear to reduce particle size to 50-80 meshes;
(2) further machining, grinding equipment, zirconia grinding balls with the ball diameter of 10-30mm and a grinding tank are used, the rotation speed is 300-500 r/min, and the wood powder is fully ground for 20-30 hours in a 360-degree all-round mode, so that the particle size of the wood powder is within 200 meshes;
(3) adding 15 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent amount of 200-300-mesh AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder into grinding equipment; 8 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder with the particle size of 10-50 nm; 5 parts of natural resin; 8 parts of AR-grade soluble starch; 12 parts of an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent consists of 40 wt% of a toughening agent, 35 wt% of an antioxidant and 25 wt% of a coupling agent, wherein the toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene; the antioxidant is vitamin E; the coupling agent is titanate; and using zirconia grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, 300-500 rpm of rotation speed, 360 degrees of all-round grinding for 5-8 hours;
(4) drying the modified composite wood powder in an electric heating air blast drying oven for 3-5h at 40-60 ℃, then continuously grinding, using zirconium oxide grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, rotating at the speed of 300 plus 500r/min at 360 ℃ for 5-8 h in an all-dimensional way, and dispersing for 10-15 min by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(5) further sieving, namely using a 280-300-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the wood powder is within 0.05mm and normally distributed, and then carrying out vacuum packaging;
(6) preparing ink for printing according to the following steps of: surfactant Surfynol 465: the printing ink is prepared according to the proportion of diethylene glycol 87:5:8, the viscosity value is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1And (3) a range.
Example 3
The three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material comprises composite wood powder, wherein the composite wood powder consists of 100 parts of wood powder raw material with the wood powder grain size within 200 meshes, 20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain size of 200-300 meshes, 5 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain size of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 10 parts of AR-level soluble starch and 10 parts of auxiliary agent.
The grain size of the composite wood powder is within 0.05 mm.
The auxiliary agent consists of 40% of toughening agent, 35% of antioxidant and 25% of coupling agent.
The toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene, the antioxidant is vitamin E, and the coupling agent is titanate.
The wood flour raw material is wood processing leftover waste, and comprises at least one of pterocarpus indicus, rose and redwood.
The printing material also comprises printing ink, the viscosity value of the printing ink is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1。
The printing ink comprises plasma water, a surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol, wherein the ratio of the plasma water to the surfactant Surfynol465 to the diethylene glycol is 87:5: 8.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically crushing 100 parts of the leftover materials of the rosewood, and reducing the particle size to 50-80 meshes;
(2) further machining, grinding equipment, zirconia grinding balls with the ball diameter of 10-30mm and a grinding tank are used, the rotation speed is 300-500 r/min, and the wood powder is fully ground for 20-30 hours in a 360-degree all-round mode, so that the particle size of the wood powder is within 200 meshes;
(3) adding 20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent amount of 200-300-mesh AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder into grinding equipment; 5 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder with the particle size of 10-50 nm; 5 parts of natural resin; 10 parts of AR-grade soluble starch; 10 parts of an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent consists of 40 wt% of a toughening agent, 35 wt% of an antioxidant and 25 wt% of a coupling agent, wherein the toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene; the antioxidant is vitamin E; the coupling agent is titanate; and using zirconia grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, 300-500 rpm of rotation speed, 360 degrees of all-round grinding for 5-8 hours;
(4) drying the modified composite wood powder in an electric heating air blast drying oven for 3-5h at 40-60 ℃, then continuously grinding, using zirconium oxide grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, rotating at the speed of 300 plus 500r/min at 360 ℃ for 5-8 h in an all-dimensional way, and dispersing for 10-15 min by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(5) further sieving, namely using a 280-300-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the wood powder is within 0.05mm and normally distributed, and then carrying out vacuum packaging;
(6) preparing ink for printing according to the following steps of: surfactant Surfynol 465: the printing ink is prepared according to the proportion of diethylene glycol 87:5:8, the viscosity value is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1And (3) a range.
The primary pulverization in step (1) of the above examples 1 to 3 is aimed at facilitating the pulverization in the pulverizer, reducing the pulverization time, and improving the pulverization efficiency and quality.
The reason why the wood flour is finely ground in the step (2) of the above examples 1 to 3 and the particle size of the wood flour is within 200 mesh is to substantially achieve the range of the requirement of the 3DP process for the particle size of the powder.
In the step (3) of the above embodiments 1-3, the composite material is added into the grinding device, wherein the PVA solution or powder has better interfacial activity and bonding property, and plays an indirect bonding role in the modified wood powder. The starch enhances the cohesive property of the modified wood powder on one hand and improves the fluidity of the modified wood powder on the other hand, and the nano silicon dioxide powder can uniformly cover the surface of the wood powder in the grinding process, so that the nano silicon dioxide powder can effectively prevent the wood powder from directly contacting with each other to cause agglomeration and play a role of a fluidity regulator.
In the above examples 1-3, the step (4) is to dry and form the wood powder, and then to grind and disperse the wood powder for the second time, in order to homogenize the wood powder particles bonded with various additives for spreading and printing on a three-dimensional printing and forming device.
In the above-mentioned step (5) in examples 1-3, the composite wood flour meeting the printing precision is preferably selected by further screening and separation, and the good fluidity of the prepared modified wood flour particles is further ensured.
In the grinding processing steps, a HYL-1001 type multifunctional powder physical property testing instrument is used for testing the powder flow property according to different preparation schemes, a BT-9300ST laser particle size distribution instrument is used for testing the particle size and the range of the powder, and the scheme and the test result are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 modified Wood flour Property test
As can be seen from the comparison of the above four solutions, the bulk density of the mixed powder increases and the angle of repose and degree of compression decrease with the decrease in the mass of the wood powder and the increase in the mass of the other additives, indicating that the flowability becomes better. The loose packing density is high, which indicates that the powder is more compact in a natural stacking state, and the compact powder is beneficial to improving the forming quality. The influence of the angle of repose on the flowability of the powder is the greatest, and the smaller the angle of repose, the better the flowability of the powder. The smaller the degree of compaction of the material, the better the flowability of the material powder. As can be seen from the comparison of the schemes 2 and 3, the fluidity is greatly influenced by the increase of the rotating speed, and when the rotating speed is 500r/min, the repose angles of 3h and 5h of grinding time are basically unchanged, and the fluidity is basically stable. The particle size and range are correspondingly reduced along with the increase of the rotating speed of the ball mill, and the properly reduced particle size is beneficial to enhancing the bonding effect. The modified wood flour prepared according to comprehensive analysis No. 3 of table 1 is suitable for three-dimensional printing and forming.
The step (6) in the above embodiments 1 to 3 is to prepare the ink for printing, and the proportioning scheme is not only favorable for the jetting of the ink jet printing head, smooth ink discharging, difficult to block the jet orifice after long-term use, and improved in the utilization rate of the nozzle, but also easy to bond with the modified wood powder material.
The specific experimental scheme and test results are as follows:
under the condition that the content of a surfactant Surfynol465 is not changed, the influence of the content of diethylene glycol on the viscosity value, the surface tension, the bonding effect and the service life of a spray head of the adhesive is researched by referring to the industry standard QB/T2730.1-2013 of ink for an ink-jet printer. The viscosity of the adhesive in this experiment was measured using a HAAKE Viscotester rotational viscometer from Thermo Fisher scientific, America, Sammer, and the surface tension of the adhesive was measured using a BZY-1 full-automatic surface/interface tensiometer from Shanghai balance instruments and meters. Specific formulations and test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 binder formulation test and results
As can be seen from Table 2, as the amount of diethylene glycol increases, the viscosity increases and the surface tension changes. The viscosity values of the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 adhesives are all in the reference range, the surface tension of the No. 2 adhesive is proper, ink is smoothly discharged, and the printing quality can be guaranteed. The test results show that increasing the content of diethylene glycol helps to increase the viscosity of the binder, but affects the surface tension of the mixed solution, and thus the service life of the nozzle.
Secondly, under the condition that the content of diethylene glycol is not changed, the influence of the surfactant Surfynol465 on the viscosity value, the surface tension, the bonding effect and the service life of the spray head of the adhesive is researched. Specific formulations and test results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 adhesive formulation test
As is clear from Table 3, when the surfactant content was increased without changing the diethylene glycol content, the surface tension value of the mixed solution decreased, but the decrease was insignificant. At the same time, the viscosity value is increased, and the bonding effect is increased. Test results show that the surface tension of the mixed solution can be reduced and the service life of the spray head can be effectively prolonged by properly adding a trace amount of surfactant, but the more the surfactant is, the better the surfactant is, the surface tension value can not be always reduced after reaching a certain amount, and the surfactant can be slightly increased. Increasing the surfactant content also increases the viscosity number slightly, which can improve the print quality to a limited extent.
In conclusion, the formula of No. 2 (No. 5) adhesive, namely plasma water, is combined according to the viscosity value, surface tension, bonding effect and the requirement of the service life of the spray head: surfactant Surfynol 465: diethylene glycol 87:5:8, viscosity number (room temperature) 3.505mPa · s, surface tension 54.72mN · m-1The bonding effect is good, the service life of the spray head is longest, and the formula is selected for subsequent blank printing.
Example 4
The invention also provides a printing method of the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding composite wood flour with the grain diameter within 0.05mm, which is prepared by mixing and processing 100 parts of wood flour raw material with the grain diameter within 200 meshes, 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent AR grade cold water soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain diameter of 200-300 meshes, 5-10 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain diameter of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 5-10 parts of AR grade soluble starch and 10-15 parts of auxiliary agent, into a powder box of three-dimensional printing forming equipment;
s2, injecting printing ink prepared from plasma water, surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol according to the ratio of 87:5:8 into an ink tank of three-dimensional printing forming equipment;
s3, importing the designed three-dimensional model into slicing software to generate a spray head motion trail file, and after loading the spray head motion trail file into three-dimensional printing forming equipment, enabling the spray head to jet ink and the composite wood powder to be bonded for printing;
and S4, performing post-treatment after printing, standing for 3 hours after printing, taking out a printed blank, cleaning residual wood powder, soaking or spraying the blank in UV glue, putting the blank into UV curing equipment for 3-5 minutes, and finally manually polishing and forming the outer surface.
The innovative features and beneficial effects of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) the waste material resource of the precious wood is utilized to the maximum extent, so that the precious wood is extremely used, the resource is reasonably and effectively utilized, and the cost of raw materials is also reduced.
(2) The advantages of the three-dimensional printing forming technology are fully exerted, the method is suitable for complex forming, and the requirements on the modeling of precious artworks are met. In theory most powdered materials, which can be shaped by bonding with a binder, can be used with this approach. However, the key is that the powder material is suitable for powder spreading, the ink is suitable for jetting by an ink jet printing head, and the powder material is effectively bonded. The preparation of the powder and the preparation of the ink are key technologies.
(3) The modified wood powder has proper granularity, and after various preparations are added, the modified wood powder is contacted with ink, so that the bonding performance is further improved, the flowability is greatly improved, and the modified wood powder is suitable for powder spreading in the printing process of three-dimensional printing forming equipment.
(4) The UV glue post-treatment solves the actual problem of low strength of the printing blank body, and is convenient for recreating. In the additive manufacturing technology, a non-high-energy laser beam is used as an energy source, and the strength of a workpiece is not high.
In conclusion, the three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material and the preparation and printing methods thereof have the advantages that the wood powder prepared by the preparation method is proper in particle size, uniform in distribution and good in flowability, the modified wood powder retains the essence of the wood powder to a certain extent, the compactness of the powder is guaranteed, and the formed parts have good mechanical properties. The prepared ink is economical and applicable, and has good effect. The finished piece after the UV glue post-treatment can be remanufactured or recreated, the advantages of precious wood powder are fully displayed, the requirements of a 3DP forming process on materials are met, and various exquisite special-shaped furniture and exquisite artware can be printed in a three-dimensional mode.
While the foregoing description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on the wood powder raw material comprises composite wood powder, wherein the composite wood powder consists of 100 parts of wood powder raw material with the wood powder grain size within 200 meshes, 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70% or equivalent AR-level cold water-soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain size of 200-300 meshes, 5-10 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain size of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 5-10 parts of AR-level soluble starch and 10-15 parts of auxiliary agent.
2. The three-dimensional print-formed printing material based on wood flour raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the composite wood flour is within 0.05 mm.
3. Three-dimensional print formed printed material based on wood flour feedstock according to claim 2 characterised in that the auxiliaries consist of 40% toughening agent, 35% antioxidant and 25% coupling agent.
4. The three-dimensional printed formed printing material based on wood flour as raw material of claim 3, wherein the toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene, the antioxidant is vitamin E, and the coupling agent is titanate.
5. The three-dimensional print formed printing material based on wood flour raw material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the wood flour raw material is wood processing leftover waste, and the wood flour raw material comprises at least one of rosewood, rose wood and redwood.
6. The three-dimensional print-formed printing material based on wood flour raw material as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a printing ink having a viscosity value in the range of 1 to 10mPa s and a surface tension value in the range of 25 to 60 mN-m-1。
7. The three-dimensional printed shaped printing material based on wood flour raw material as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the printing ink comprises plasma water, surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol, wherein the ratio of the plasma water, the surfactant Surfynol465 and the diethylene glycol is 87:5: 8.
8. A preparation method of a three-dimensional printing and forming printing material based on wood flour raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically pulverizing 100 parts of leftover materials of precious wood such as red sandalwood, yellow rose, rosewood and the like, and reducing the particle size to 50-80 meshes;
(2) further machining, grinding equipment, zirconia grinding balls with the ball diameter of 10-30mm and a grinding tank are used, the rotation speed is 300-500 r/min, and the wood powder is fully ground for 20-30 hours in a 360-degree all-round mode, so that the particle size of the wood powder is within 200 meshes;
(3) adding 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70% or equivalent AR grade cold water soluble PVA1788 powder with 200-300 meshes into grinding equipment; the grain diameter of the nano silicon dioxide powder is 10-50nm, and 5-10 parts; 5 parts of natural resin; 5-10 parts of AR-grade soluble starch; 10-15 parts of an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent consists of 40 wt% of a toughening agent, 35 wt% of an antioxidant and 25 wt% of a coupling agent, wherein the toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene; the antioxidant is vitamin E; the coupling agent is titanate; and using zirconia grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, 300-500 rpm of rotation speed, 360 degrees of all-round grinding for 5-8 hours;
(4) drying the modified composite wood powder in an electric heating air blast drying oven for 3-5h at 40-60 ℃, then continuously grinding, using zirconium oxide grinding balls with the range of 3-8mm, rotating at the speed of 300 plus 500r/min at 360 ℃ for 5-8 h in an all-dimensional way, and dispersing for 10-15 min by using a high-speed dispersion machine;
(5) further sieving, namely using a 280-300-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the wood powder is within 0.05mm and normally distributed, and then carrying out vacuum packaging;
(6) preparing ink for printing according to the following steps of: surfactant Surfynol 465: the printing ink is prepared according to the proportion of diethylene glycol 87:5:8, the viscosity value is in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the surface tension value is in the range of 25-60 mN.m-1And (3) a range.
9. A printing method of a three-dimensional printing formed printing material based on wood flour raw materials comprises the following steps:
s1, adding composite wood flour with the grain diameter within 0.05mm, which is prepared by mixing and processing 100 parts of wood flour raw material with the grain diameter within 200 meshes, 10-20 parts of PVA solution with the concentration of 70 percent or equivalent AR grade cold water soluble PVA1788 powder with the grain diameter of 200-300 meshes, 5-10 parts of nano-silica powder with the grain diameter of 10-50nm, 5 parts of natural resin, 5-10 parts of AR grade soluble starch and 10-15 parts of auxiliary agent, into a powder box of three-dimensional printing forming equipment;
s2, injecting printing ink prepared from plasma water, surfactant Surfynol465 and diethylene glycol according to the ratio of 87:5:8 into an ink tank of three-dimensional printing forming equipment;
s3, importing the designed three-dimensional model into slicing software to generate a spray head motion trail file, and after loading the spray head motion trail file into three-dimensional printing forming equipment, enabling the spray head to jet ink and the composite wood powder to be bonded for printing;
and S4, performing post-treatment after printing, standing for 3 hours after printing, taking out a printed blank, cleaning residual wood powder, soaking or spraying the blank in UV glue, putting the blank into UV curing equipment for 3-5 minutes, and finally manually polishing and forming the outer surface.
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