CN112071176A - Uterus model, hysterectomy training model, hysteromyoma removal training model and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Uterus model, hysterectomy training model, hysteromyoma removal training model and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a uterine model, a hysterectomy training model, a hysteromyoma removal training model and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of medical treatment. The manufacturing method of the uterus model provided by the invention is obtained by taking the muscle with the fascia as a raw material, is simple and rapid, is convenient to obtain materials, is low in cost, and fully simulates the texture of the uterus. According to the hysterectomy training model and the hysteromyoma removal training model, the training model fully simulates the touch feeling and force feedback of real operation, so that medical personnel can obtain real skill training touch feeling, the surgical skill is improved, and the daily operation training is realized. The manufacturing method of the hysterectomy training model and the hysteromyoma removal training model provided by the invention is simple and rapid, convenient in material taking and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical treatment, in particular to a uterine model, a hysterectomy training model, a hysteromyoma removal training model and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The modern science and technology is developed rapidly, and medical technology is different day by day, but at present, surgeons mostly adopt the teaching mode of "teachers and hikers bring education" and "with the skill instead of practice", so the chance of operation of the doctors is seriously insufficient, and only the traditional mode of training skills on patients is changed, sufficient skill accumulation chance can be provided for the doctors, and meanwhile, the risk of doctors is reduced. Surgery places extremely high demands on the operating skill of the surgeon and requires a great deal of realistic training if one wants to get an effective skill accumulation for the surgeon.
The current training methods for doctors are as follows: simple technique training such as suturing, cutting and the like is carried out by using a single animal organ purchased in the market; training by adopting a live animal surgery mode; a virtual simulator constructed using a 3D animation and a force feedback system; and simple box-type simulation training using beans, ferrules, silica gel meat analogs and the like as training modules. There are still serious drawbacks and deficiencies:
1) the existing surgical skill training method is that a dry module (bean clamping, ferrule, perforation, paper cutting, silica gel meat imitation and the like) is adopted to train basic abilities such as spatial sense conversion, hand-eye coordination, double-hand coordination and the like, the skill coverage is small, and the requirements of human body surgical operation (such as the use of energy instrument equipment, surgical operation steps and the like) cannot be met;
2) although a single isolated organ can enable a doctor to train real touch and energy equipment, the isolated organ lacks a focus and is distorted, and only enables the doctor to practice single techniques of suturing, cutting and the like;
3) although relatively convenient, the 3D simulator is a complex multi-layered material of human tissue, and the operational touch feeling of the 3D simulation has not been able to meet clinical requirements since its properties depend on the number of layers, the thickness of the layers, the orientation of muscle fibers, humidity, temperature, etc.;
4) the animal operation needs the supporting conditions of an animal operating room, an animal temporary feeding room, anesthesia equipment and the like, the investment cost of a field, personnel and equipment is high, the convenience is low, the operability of daily training is not formed, the difference of the structure of the oviduct and the uterus of a pig and a human body is large, and meanwhile, the pathological state of the hysteromyoma cannot be provided for doctors.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a uterus model, the method is simple and rapid, the materials are convenient to obtain, the cost is low, and the manufactured uterus model fully simulates the texture of the uterus.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a hysterectomy training model, which sufficiently simulates the tactile sensation and force feedback of real operation, and provides a reliable training model for medical staff to solve at least one of the above problems.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a manufacturing method of the training model for hysterectomy, which is simple and rapid, convenient in material acquisition and low in cost.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a using method of the training model for the hysterectomy.
A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a hysteromyoma removal training model, which sufficiently simulates the tactile sensation and force feedback of real operations, and provides a reliable training model for medical staff to solve at least one of the above problems.
The sixth purpose of the invention is to provide a method for making the hysteromyoma removal training model, which is simple and rapid, convenient in material acquisition and low in cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for making a uterus model, which comprises the following steps:
cutting muscle with fascia, fixing, and making into uterus model;
the fascia of the fascial muscle is inside the uterine model.
In some preferred embodiments, the fascia muscles are mammalian fascia muscles, preferably fascia sirloin.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a hysterectomy training model, comprising: a uterus model, a simulated ligament, a simulated fallopian tube, a simulated uterine artery, a simulated ureter and a simulated ovary;
the simulated ligament comprises: simulating round ligaments, simulating cardinal ligaments, simulating uterosacral ligaments, simulating inherent ligaments of ovary and simulating broad ligaments;
the simulated oviduct, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament are respectively connected with the uterine model according to anatomical positions; the simulated ovary is connected with the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament; the uterus model, the simulated fallopian tube, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovarian intrinsic ligament are arranged inside the simulated broad ligament.
In some preferred embodiments, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament, and the simulated inherent ovarian ligament are muscle strips;
preferably, the length of the strip-shaped muscle is 20-25cm, preferably 23 cm;
preferably, the diameter of the strip-shaped muscle is 0.3-0.7cm, preferably 0.5 cm;
preferably, the simulated broad ligament is mammalian stomach tissue.
In some preferred embodiments, the simulated fallopian tube, simulated uterine artery, and simulated ureter are avian intestines, preferably chicken intestines;
preferably, the length of the simulated fallopian tube, simulated uterine artery and simulated ureter is 20-25cm, preferably 23 cm;
preferably, the simulated fallopian tube and simulated ureter have a diameter of 0.7-0.9cm, preferably 0.8 cm;
preferably, the simulated uterine artery has a diameter of 0.3-0.7cm, preferably 0.5 cm;
preferably, the simulated ovary is a mammalian ovary, preferably a porcine ovary.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for making a training model for hysterectomy, comprising the following steps:
firstly, placing the uterus model, the simulated oviduct, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament according to anatomical positions;
then fixing the joint with the uterus model;
opening a through hole in the simulated broad ligament according to the placing position, and placing a uterus model, a simulated oviduct, a simulated uterine artery, a simulated ureter, a simulated round ligament, a simulated cardinal ligament, a simulated uterosacral ligament and a simulated ovarian intrinsic ligament into the hole for fixing; fixing the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament and the simulated ovary;
finally, water injection ligation is carried out on the simulated oviduct, the simulated ureter and the simulated uterine artery, and a hysterectomy training model is manufactured;
preferably, the simulated fallopian tube is tied to a position 1.5-2.5cm from the end, and the end is trimmed to the shape of the umbrella end of the fallopian tube.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for using a hysterectomy training model, wherein the hysterectomy training model is fixed in a simulator according to an anatomical position to form a pelvic cavity environment for use.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a hysteromyoma removal training model, which comprises a uterus model or a hysterectomy training model and a hysteromyoma model;
the hysteromyoma model is fixed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterus model.
In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a method for making a hysteromyoma removal training model, comprising the following steps:
separating the inner wall and the outer wall at the edge of the animal membranous tissue with the double-layer wall, lifting the edge of the inner wall to form a cavity in a connected mode, filling fillers, sealing, lifting the edge of the outer wall to wrap the inner wall and connect the sealing, and manufacturing a hysteromyoma model;
the muscle layer of drawing the uterus model, it is two-layer to divide into the muscle layer along the incision, forms the flesh tumour chamber, then will the uterus myoma model is fixed in the incision, seals, and the preparation obtains uterus myoma and rejects art training model.
In some preferred embodiments, the animal tissue having a double wall comprises mammalian stomach tissue or mammalian intestinal tissue, preferably porcine stomach tissue;
preferably, the width separating the inner and outer walls at the edge is 1.5-2.5cm, preferably 2 cm;
preferably, the filling comprises ground meat or fat;
preferably, the hysteromyoma model is fixed by suturing the bottom end of the hysteromyoma model, the position far from the bottom end 1/3 and the position far from the bottom end 2/3 respectively;
preferably, the sealing part of the hysteromyoma model is the bottom end of the hysteromyoma model.
Compared with the prior art, the uterus model, the hysterectomy training model and the hysteromyoma removal training model and the manufacturing method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
the manufacturing method of the uterus model provided by the invention is obtained by taking the muscle with the fascia as a raw material, is simple and rapid, is convenient to obtain materials, is low in cost, and fully simulates the texture of the uterus. Moreover, the muscle with the fascia is similar to the texture of the uterus, is a double-layer membrane structure containing a fascia layer and a muscle layer, and can be fixedly connected with a simulated blood vessel or a simulated ligament on the muscle layer without damaging the inner wall of the uterus model and ensuring the integrity of the uterus, so the uterus model prepared by taking the muscle with the fascia as a raw material can be used as a basic model of a hysteromyoma training model and a hysterectomy training model.
The hysterectomy training model and the hysteromyoma removal training model provided by the invention fully simulate the touch feeling and force feedback of real operation, so that medical personnel can obtain real skill training touch feeling, and the surgical skill is improved; and the training environment requirement of the training model is simple, the investment of fields, cost, manpower and the like is saved, and the daily operation training is realized.
The manufacturing method of the hysterectomy training model and the hysteromyoma removal training model provided by the invention is simple and rapid, convenient in material taking and low in cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a uterine graphical template provided in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a uterine fibroid model provided in example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a training model of hysteromyoma removal surgery provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments and examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those who do not specify the conditions are performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for making a uterus model, which comprises the following steps:
cutting muscle with fascia, fixing, and making into uterus model;
the fascia of the fascial muscle is inside the uterine model.
The muscle with fascia has a texture similar to that of uterus, and has a double-layer structure of a fascia layer and a muscle layer. Means of securing include, but are not limited to, stitching, gluing or needle securing, or other securing methods known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the uterus model is prepared by taking the muscle with the fascia as a raw material, the preparation method is simple and rapid, the materials are convenient to obtain, the cost is low, and the texture of the uterus is fully simulated.
In a further embodiment, the fascia-containing muscle is a mammalian fascia-containing muscle, such as, but not limited to, fascia-containing pork, fascia-containing mutton, or fascia-containing beef, preferably a fascia-containing sirloin.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a hysterectomy training model, comprising: a uterus model, a simulated ligament, a simulated fallopian tube, a simulated uterine artery, a simulated ureter and a simulated ovary;
the simulated ligament comprises: simulating round ligaments, simulating cardinal ligaments, simulating uterosacral ligaments, simulating inherent ligaments of ovary and simulating broad ligaments;
the simulated oviduct, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament are respectively connected with the uterine model according to anatomical positions; the simulated ovary is connected with the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament; the uterus model, the simulated fallopian tube, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovarian intrinsic ligament are arranged inside the simulated broad ligament.
The hysterectomy training model provided by the invention fully simulates the touch feeling and force feedback of real operation, so that medical personnel can obtain real skill training touch feeling, the application of energy equipment and the disconnection of various anatomical structures can be realized on the model, the surgical skill is improved, and the daily operation of surgical training is realized.
As a further technical scheme, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated inherent ovarian ligament are strip-shaped muscles. The texture of the muscle strips is similar to that of the ligaments, and the muscle strips are used in the invention to simulate round ligaments, cardinal ligaments, uterosacral ligaments and inherent ovarian ligaments connected with the uterus. The muscle strip includes, but is not limited to, mammalian muscle strip or avian muscle strip, and may be, for example, but not limited to, chicken muscle strip, pig muscle strip, or bovine muscle strip.
Preferably, the length of the muscle strip is 20-25cm, for example, but not limited to, 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, 23cm, 24cm or 25cm, preferably 23 cm.
Preferably, the diameter of the muscle strips is 0.3-0.7cm, for example, but not limited to, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm or 0.7cm, preferably 0.5 cm.
Preferably, the simulated broad ligament is mammalian stomach tissue. The mammalian stomach tissue has a texture similar to that of the broad ligament and has a double-layer structure, the mucous layer and the muscle layer of the stomach are easy to separate, and the gap between the inner wall and the outer wall of the stomach can fully simulate the broad ligament and the gap thereof. In addition to mammalian stomach tissue, a material having a structure similar to that of mammalian stomach tissue formed by two or more pieces of tissue attached together may be used. In the present invention, the stomach tissue of a mammal is used as a broad ligament, the gastric bilayer membrane is divided according to the anatomical shape of the uterus, and then the uterus model is placed in the divided gap and fixed.
As a further aspect, the simulated fallopian tube, the simulated uterine artery and the simulated ureter are avian intestines, and may be, but are not limited to, chicken intestines, duck intestines or goose intestines, and are preferably chicken intestines. The texture and structure of the avian intestinal tract are similar to those of the oviduct, uterine artery and ureter, and in the present invention, the avian intestinal tract is used to simulate the oviduct, uterine artery and ureter connected to the uterus.
Preferably, the length of the simulated fallopian tube, simulated uterine artery and simulated ureter is 20-25cm, for example, but not limited to, 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, 23cm, 24cm or 25cm, preferably 23 cm;
preferably, the simulated fallopian tube and simulated ureter have a diameter of 0.7-0.9cm, such as may be, but not limited to, 0.7cm, 0.8cm or 0.9cm, preferably 0.8 cm;
preferably, the simulated uterine artery has a diameter of 0.3-0.7cm, such as may be, but is not limited to, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm or 0.7cm, preferably 0.5 cm;
preferably, the simulated ovary is a mammalian ovary, such as but not limited to a porcine ovary, a ovine ovary or a bovine ovary, preferably a porcine ovary.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for making a training model for hysterectomy, comprising the following steps:
firstly, placing the uterus model, the simulated oviduct, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament according to anatomical positions;
then the connection with the uterus model is fixed. Means of securing include, but are not limited to, stitching, gluing, or needle securing. For example, with suture fixation, it is necessary to suture a simulated uterine artery, a simulated fallopian tube, and a simulated ureter to the anastomotic end without leaking water.
Opening a through hole in the simulated broad ligament according to the placing position, and placing a uterus model, a simulated oviduct, a simulated uterine artery, a simulated ureter, a simulated round ligament, a simulated cardinal ligament, a simulated uterosacral ligament and a simulated ovarian intrinsic ligament into the hole for fixing; the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament is fixed with the simulated ovary. The means of fixation includes, but is not limited to, suture fixation.
For example, if the simulated broad ligament is a tissue of a pig stomach, the specific operation of "opening a channel in the simulated broad ligament according to the laying position" may be: according to the placement positions of a uterus model, a simulated fallopian tube, a simulated uterine artery, a simulated ureter, a simulated round ligament, a simulated cardinal ligament, a simulated uterosacral ligament and a simulated ovarian inherent ligament, the outline of the stomach tissue is marked, then the inner wall and the outer wall of the stomach at the marked position are torn, the inner wall and the outer wall are separated to form a pore channel, and only the part at the marked position is torn. Then the uterus model and the part connected with the uterus model are plugged into the pore canal.
And finally, performing water injection ligation on the simulated oviduct, the simulated ureter and the simulated uterine artery to manufacture a hysterectomy training model.
Preferably, the simulated fallopian tube is tied to a position 1.5-2.5cm away from the tail end, and the tail end is trimmed to form an umbrella end of the fallopian tube, so that the fallopian tube with the shape of the umbrella end is simulated.
The manufacturing method of the hysterectomy training model provided by the invention is simple and rapid, convenient in material obtaining and low in cost.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for using a hysterectomy training model, wherein the hysterectomy training model is fixed in a simulator according to an anatomical position to form a pelvic cavity environment for use.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a training model for hysteromyoma removal, which includes a uterus model or a hysterectomy training model and a hysteromyoma model, and for example, may be composed of the uterus model and the hysteromyoma model, or the hysterectomy training model and the hysteromyoma model.
The hysteromyoma model is fixed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterus model.
According to the uterine fibroid removal operation training model provided by the invention, the training model fully simulates the touch feeling and force feedback of real operation, so that medical personnel can obtain real skill training touch feeling, the application of a monopole electric hook, the removal of fibroids and the suture of a myoma cavity can be realized on the model, the operation skill is improved, and the daily operation training is realized.
In a sixth aspect, the invention provides a method for making a hysteromyoma removal training model, comprising the following steps:
separating the inner wall and the outer wall at the edge of the animal membranous tissue with the double-layer wall, lifting the edge of the inner wall to form a cavity in a connected mode, filling fillers, sealing, lifting the edge of the outer wall to wrap the inner wall and connect the seal, and manufacturing the hysteromyoma model.
The preparation method of the hysteromyoma model takes an animal membranous tissue with a double-layer wall as a raw material, after fillers are filled in the inner wall, the edge of the inner wall is connected and sealed, and then the edge of the outer wall is connected and sealed, so that the tightness of the hysteromyoma model is fully ensured, and the fillers in the hysteromyoma model are prevented from flowing out; meanwhile, the folded part at the sealing position of the edge of the outer wall can be used as a fixing position of the hysteromyoma model. In the present invention, the means for attaching the seal to the inner or outer wall includes, but is not limited to, purse string sutures or rubber bands.
The muscle layer of drawing the uterus model, it is two-layer to divide into the muscle layer along the incision, forms the flesh tumour chamber, then will the uterus myoma model is fixed in the incision, seals, and the preparation obtains uterus myoma and rejects art training model.
In the present invention, the means of sealing the muscle layer of the uterus model include, but are not limited to, suturing, gluing, or needle fixation.
The method for manufacturing the training model for the hysteromyoma removal surgery, provided by the invention, is simple and rapid, convenient in material taking and low in cost.
As a further aspect, the animal tissue with double walls includes, but is not limited to, mammalian stomach tissue or mammalian intestinal tissue, preferably porcine stomach tissue. The gap between the inner and outer walls of the stomach can fully simulate the gap for myoma removal. For example, when porcine stomach tissue is used as a material for a hysteromyoma model, the inner wall is a mucosal layer and the outer wall is a muscle layer.
Preferably, the width separating the inner and outer walls at the edge is 1.5-2.5cm, for example, but not limited to, 1.5cm, 1.7cm, 1.9cm, 2.1cm, 2.3cm or 2.5cm, preferably 2 cm;
preferably, the filling includes, but is not limited to, ground meat or fat, or other substances known to those skilled in the art that can be used for filling;
preferably, the fixed mode of uterus myoma model is that the bottom of uterus myoma model, apart from 1/3 and apart from 2/3 the department of bottom suture the fixed respectively, when fixed, fixes the outer wall of uterus myoma model and the muscle layer of uterus, avoids the myoma to break. By adopting the fixing mode, the hysteromyoma model is tightly connected with the uterus model and is not easy to loosen.
Preferably, the sealing part of the hysteromyoma model is the bottom end of the hysteromyoma model. The fold part at the sealing position of the hysteromyoma model is easier to fix, so that the sealing position of the hysteromyoma model is used as the bottom end to be sewed to the hysteromyoma model.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
A uterus model is prepared by the following steps:
1. selecting sirloin with rib membrane, which is whole, thin and thick uniformly;
2. cutting sirloin according to uterus pattern template shown in figure 1;
3. transversely folding the cut uterus pattern, folding the fascial layer inside, and continuously sewing the two side edges of the uterus pattern to obtain the uterus model.
Example 2
A training model for hysterectomy is prepared as follows:
1. taking 6 chicken intestines with the length of about 23cm, wherein 2 chicken intestines have the diameter of 0.5cm, and 4 chicken intestines have the diameter of 0.8 cm;
2. taking 8 strip muscles with the length of about 23cm and the diameter of about 0.5 cm;
3. taking two pig ovaries;
4. sewing two chicken intestines with the diameter of 0.5cm to the uterus according to the position of the uterine artery, wherein the chicken intestines need to be sewn to the anastomotic end without water leakage;
5. two chicken intestines with the diameter of 0.8cm are sutured on the uterus according to the position of the oviduct, and the chicken intestines need to be sutured to the anastomotic end without water leakage;
6. fixing the ovary at the end of the inherent ligament of the ovary;
7. sewing 8 chicken strips on the uterus according to the positions of round ligament, cardinal ligament, uterosacral ligament and inherent ovary ligament;
8. taking one pig stomach, removing omentum on the pig stomach, removing cardia and pylorus, reserving stomach body part, and cutting along the greater curvature of stomach to obtain stomach tissue slice;
9. placing uterus on the cut stomach tissue piece, placing the uterus at the middle position when placing, placing chicken intestines and strip-shaped muscles on the uterus according to the anatomical positions of corresponding oviduct, uterine artery, round ligament, cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament, and placing the rest two chicken intestines with the diameter of 0.8cm according to the shape of a ureter;
10. drawing a uterus contour mark line on the stomach along the edge position of the uterus, drawing contour mark lines on chicken intestines and strip-shaped muscles on the uterus, drawing contour mark lines on the chicken intestines simulating ureters, and separating the inner wall and the outer wall of the stomach tissue slice at the marked position after the mark lines are made;
11. placing the uterus, the oviduct, the uterine artery, the ligament and the ureter into a stomach tissue slice according to the position of the marked line, wherein the stomach tissue slice simulates a broad ligament;
12. sewing the upper and lower opening parts of the stomach tissue piece to the uterus for fixation;
13. and (3) injecting water into the chicken intestines simulating the oviduct, the ureter and the uterine artery respectively for ligation, wherein the chicken intestines simulating the oviduct are ligated to a position 2cm away from the tail end, and the tail end of the chicken intestines is trimmed into the shape of the umbrella end of the oviduct after ligation. And manufacturing a training model for hysterectomy.
Example 3
A hysteromyoma removal training model is prepared by the following steps:
1. taking one pig stomach, and removing the surface omentum tissue with scissors;
2. removing uneven parts of the antrum, fundus and lesser curvature, leaving part of the stomach with a thickness of 2mm, and then cutting along the lesser curvature;
3. cutting a square gastric tissue piece with the size of 9cm by 9cm on the rest gastric body;
4. finding a gap between the inner wall and the outer wall of the stomach on the piece of stomach tissue, and separating along four edges, wherein the separation width is 2 cm;
5. preparing soft materials such as broken meat blocks and fat as fillers of myoma modules;
6. lifting the inner wall of the stomach separated from the outer wall, and performing purse-string suture along four edges;
7. when the suture is pulled after the suture is finished, a cavity is reserved for filling filler, and the filler is preferably filled until the filler can not be filled, and then knotting and ligation are carried out;
9. and (3) lifting the outer wall of the stomach, performing purse-string suture along the four edges, wrapping the inner wall of the stomach and contents of the inner wall of the stomach, sealing, and manufacturing to obtain the hysteromyoma model, as shown in fig. 2.
10. Selecting a proper position on the uterus model provided in example 1, and then cutting the sirloin muscle layer at the position by a knife to form a sarcomatous cavity without damaging the fascia layer;
11. separating the muscle layer into an upper layer and a lower layer along the incision to separate the space size capable of containing the myoma;
12. the myoma sealing position is fixed with the bottom of the myoma cavity of the uterus by sewing, and only the outer layer of the myoma is sewn when the needle is inserted on the myoma;
13. after the sealing position of the myoma is fixed, purse-string suturing is carried out on the myoma and the uterus at the position 1/3 below the myoma, and only the outer layer of the myoma is sutured when a needle is inserted on the myoma;
14. the 1/3 position on the myoma is used for purse-string suture of the myoma and the uterus, and only the outer layer of the myoma is sutured when the needle is inserted on the myoma;
15. and continuously suturing the myoma cavity opening and then sealing the cavity opening to obtain the training model for the hysteromyoma removal operation, which is shown in fig. 3.
Example 4
A hysteromyoma knockout training model differs from example 3 in that the uterine model of step 10 is replaced with a hysterectomy training model.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a uterus model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting muscle with fascia, fixing, and making into uterus model;
the fascia of the fascial muscle is inside the uterine model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fascia-bearing muscle is a mammalian fascia-bearing muscle, preferably sirloin with fascia.
3. A hysterectomy training model, comprising: the uterine model, simulated ligament, simulated fallopian tube, simulated uterine artery, simulated ureter, and simulated ovary of claim 1 or 2;
the simulated ligament comprises: simulating round ligaments, simulating cardinal ligaments, simulating uterosacral ligaments, simulating inherent ligaments of ovary and simulating broad ligaments;
the simulated oviduct, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament are respectively connected with the uterine model according to anatomical positions; the simulated ovary is connected with the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament; the uterus model, the simulated fallopian tube, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovarian intrinsic ligament are arranged inside the simulated broad ligament.
4. The hysterectomy training model of claim 3, wherein the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament, and the simulated inherent ovarian ligament are band muscles;
preferably, the length of the strip-shaped muscle is 20-25cm, preferably 23 cm;
preferably, the diameter of the strip-shaped muscle is 0.3-0.7cm, preferably 0.5 cm;
preferably, the simulated broad ligament comprises mammalian stomach tissue.
5. The hysterectomy training model of claim 3, wherein the simulated fallopian tubes, the simulated uterine arteries and the simulated ureters are avian intestines, preferably chicken intestines;
preferably, the length of the simulated fallopian tube, simulated uterine artery and simulated ureter is 20-25cm, preferably 23 cm;
preferably, the simulated fallopian tube and simulated ureter have a diameter of 0.7-0.9cm, preferably 0.8 cm;
preferably, the simulated uterine artery has a diameter of 0.3-0.7cm, preferably 0.5 cm;
preferably, the simulated ovary is a mammalian ovary, preferably a porcine ovary.
6. A method of making a hysterectomy training model as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5 comprising the steps of:
firstly, placing the uterus model, the simulated oviduct, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament according to anatomical positions;
then fixing the joints of the simulated oviduct, the simulated uterine artery, the simulated ureter, the simulated round ligament, the simulated cardinal ligament, the simulated uterosacral ligament and the simulated inherent ovarian ligament with the uterine model;
opening a through hole in the simulated broad ligament according to the placing position, and placing a uterus model, a simulated oviduct, a simulated uterine artery, a simulated ureter, a simulated round ligament, a simulated cardinal ligament, a simulated uterosacral ligament and a simulated ovarian intrinsic ligament into the hole for fixing; fixing the simulated ovary intrinsic ligament and the simulated ovary;
finally, water injection ligation is carried out on the simulated oviduct, the simulated ureter and the simulated uterine artery, and a hysterectomy training model is manufactured;
preferably, the simulated fallopian tube is tied to a position 1.5-2.5cm from the end, and the end is trimmed to the shape of the umbrella end of the fallopian tube.
7. The method of using the hysterectomy training model of any one of claims 3-5 or the hysterectomy training model manufactured by the manufacturing method of claim 6, wherein the hysterectomy training model is fixed in a simulator according to anatomical positions to form a gynecological pelvic environment for use.
8. A hysteromyoma knockout training model comprising the uterine model of claim 1 or 2, or the hysterectomy training model of any one of claims 3 to 5, or the hysterectomy training model and the hysteromyoma model manufactured by the manufacturing method of claim 6;
the hysteromyoma model is fixed between the inner wall and the outer wall of the uterus model.
9. The method for making the training model for hysteromyoma removal surgery of claim 8, comprising the steps of:
separating the inner wall and the outer wall at the edge of the animal membranous tissue with the double-layer wall, lifting the edge of the inner wall to form a cavity in a connected mode, filling fillers, sealing, lifting the edge of the outer wall to wrap the inner wall and connect the sealing, and manufacturing a hysteromyoma model;
the muscle layer of drawing the uterus model, it is two-layer to divide into the muscle layer along the incision, forms the flesh tumour chamber, then will the uterus myoma model is fixed in the incision, seals, and the preparation obtains uterus myoma and rejects art training model.
10. The method for making training model for hysteromyoma removal surgery according to claim 9, wherein the animal tissue with double walls comprises mammalian stomach tissue or mammalian intestinal tract tissue, preferably porcine stomach tissue;
preferably, the width separating the inner and outer walls at the edge is 1.5-2.5cm, preferably 2 cm;
preferably, the filling comprises ground meat or fat;
preferably, the hysteromyoma model is fixed by suturing the bottom end of the hysteromyoma model, the position far from the bottom end 1/3 and the position far from the bottom end 2/3 respectively;
preferably, the sealing part of the hysteromyoma model is the bottom end of the hysteromyoma model.
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