CN112067696A - System for detecting surface defects of pipeline based on laser ultrasonic - Google Patents
System for detecting surface defects of pipeline based on laser ultrasonic Download PDFInfo
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- CN112067696A CN112067696A CN202011064964.4A CN202011064964A CN112067696A CN 112067696 A CN112067696 A CN 112067696A CN 202011064964 A CN202011064964 A CN 202011064964A CN 112067696 A CN112067696 A CN 112067696A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
Abstract
The invention discloses a system for detecting pipeline surface defects based on laser ultrasonic, which comprises a water cooling device, a pulse laser generator, a laser excitation probe, a two-dimensional mobile platform, an ultrasonic detection probe, an optical fiber separator, a double-wave mixing interferometer, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card, terminal equipment and a waveform display module, wherein light beams emitted by the pulse laser generator are reflected by the laser excitation probe and then vertically irradiate the surface of a detected pipeline; the pipeline to be measured is placed on a movable two-dimensional moving platform; the light beam reflected by the tested pipeline is emitted into the ultrasonic detection probe, and enters the optical fiber separator and the double-wave hybrid interferometer after being reflected by the ultrasonic detection probe; and then the terminal equipment obtains the surface defect parameters of the measured pipeline according to the ultrasonic signals after the amplification and filtering processing. By utilizing the system, the information such as the depth, the angle and the like of the surface defect of the pipeline can be effectively detected, and the detection efficiency of the pipeline defect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser ultrasonic nondestructive testing, in particular to a system for detecting surface defects of a pipeline based on laser ultrasonic.
Background
With the increase of the service life of a gas pipeline, the pipeline failure is caused due to the damage of a protective layer and the influence of external factors, under the current technology, the nondestructive detection technology of the pipeline defect is not only simple judgment, but also the quantitative characterization and analysis of the defect is more desirable through the technology, the laser ultrasonic is to use laser to excite and detect the ultrasonic, the defect of most of the traditional ultrasonic can be overcome, when a beam of pulse laser is incident on the surface of a material, part of laser energy is absorbed by the material and converted into heat energy, and the irradiation area generates local temperature sharp change, so that the ultrasonic is generated.
The conventional quantitative method is to detect internal defects by using transverse wave reflection echoes, the method keeps the distance between a laser excitation point and a detection point constant, and moves a sample to scan at 90 degrees with laser, when a defect exists on a detection path, the amplitude of a signal at a receiving point is weakened twice, and information such as the position, the size and the like of the defect can be obtained according to different positions of the amplitude of the detection signal, but the method is difficult to characterize other information of the defect, such as the depth, the angle and the like of the defect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system for detecting the surface defects of a pipeline based on laser ultrasonic, which can effectively detect the depth, the angle and other information of the surface defects of the pipeline and improve the detection efficiency of the surface defects of the pipeline.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a system based on laser ultrasonic detection pipeline surface defect, the system includes water cooling plant, pulse laser generator, laser excitation probe, two-dimensional mobile platform, ultrasonic detection probe, fiber separator, two ripples hybrid interferometer, signal amplifier, data acquisition card, terminal equipment, waveform display module, wherein:
the water cooling device, the pulse laser generator and the laser excitation probe form a laser excitation device, and light beams emitted by the pulse laser generator are reflected by the laser excitation probe and then vertically irradiated on the surface of the measured pipeline;
the water cooling device is connected with the pulse laser generator and is used for cooling the pulse laser generator;
the measured pipeline is placed on a movable two-dimensional moving platform, and the position of the two-dimensional moving platform is adjusted to adjust a detection light beam irradiated on the measured pipeline;
the light beam reflected by the tested pipeline is emitted into the ultrasonic detection probe, and enters the optical fiber separator and the double-wave hybrid interferometer after being reflected by the ultrasonic detection probe;
the optical fiber separator and the double-wave hybrid interferometer form a laser detection device which is used for detecting ultrasonic signals reflected by the ultrasonic detection probe;
the signal amplifier, the data acquisition card, the terminal equipment and the waveform display module form a signal acquisition processing device which is used for amplifying and filtering the ultrasonic signal detected by the laser detection device and obtaining the surface defect parameters of the detected pipeline by the terminal equipment according to the ultrasonic signal after the amplifying and filtering;
the waveform display module is used for displaying the ultrasonic signal waveform after amplification and filtering processing so as to facilitate viewing.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the system can be used for effectively detecting the depth, the angle and other information of the surface defect of the pipeline, and the detection efficiency of the pipeline defect is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a system for detecting surface defects of a pipeline based on laser ultrasound according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic signal propagation path according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of ultrasonic signals after processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following will further describe the embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and as shown in fig. 1, is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a system for detecting a defect on a surface of a pipeline based on laser ultrasound, the system includes a water cooling device 1, a pulse laser generator 2, a laser excitation probe 11, a two-dimensional moving platform 4, an ultrasonic detection probe 12, an optical fiber separator 5, a dual-wave hybrid interferometer 6, a signal amplifier 7, a data acquisition card 8, a terminal device 9, and a waveform display module 10, where:
the water cooling device 1, the pulse laser generator 2 and the laser excitation probe 11 form a laser excitation device, and light beams emitted by the pulse laser generator 2 are reflected by the laser excitation probe 11 and then vertically irradiate the surface of the measured pipeline 3;
the water cooling device 1 is connected with the pulse laser generator 2 and is used for cooling the pulse laser generator 2;
the measured pipeline 3 is placed on a movable two-dimensional moving platform 4, and the position of the two-dimensional moving platform 4 is adjusted to adjust the detection light beam irradiated on the measured pipeline 3;
the light beam reflected by the measured pipeline 3 is emitted into the ultrasonic detection probe 12, and enters the optical fiber separator 5 and the double-wave hybrid interferometer 6 after being reflected by the ultrasonic detection probe 12;
the optical fiber separator 5 and the double-wave hybrid interferometer 6 form a laser detection device for detecting the ultrasonic signal reflected by the ultrasonic detection probe 12;
the signal amplifier 7, the data acquisition card 8, the terminal device 9 and the waveform display module 10 form a signal acquisition processing device, which is used for amplifying and filtering the ultrasonic signal detected by the laser detection device, and the terminal device 9 obtains the surface defect parameters of the pipeline 3 to be detected according to the ultrasonic signal after the amplification and filtering;
the waveform display module 10 is configured to display the waveform of the ultrasonic signal after the amplification and filtering processing, so as to facilitate viewing.
In the specific implementation, the process of the terminal device 9 obtaining the surface defect parameters of the pipeline 3 to be measured according to the ultrasonic signal after the amplification and filtering processing specifically includes:
as shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic view of an ultrasonic signal propagation path according to an embodiment of the present invention, a receiving point is first set to be located 12mm away from a laser excitation point, and according to a propagation process of an ultrasonic wave, a displacement d of a defect of the measured pipe 3 from the receiving point to the receiving point is calculated from a first time that a surface wave signal R is received by the receiving point to a first time that a reflected surface wave signal SR is received by the receiving point, specifically:
in the formula, TSRThe time of the first received reflection surface wave reaching the receiving point; t isRIs the first received surface wave signal; vRIs the propagation velocity of the surface wave;
further, the defect height h of the measured pipeline 3 is obtained according to the time difference from the second received surface wave reflection signal RR to the first received surface wave signal R at the receiving point, specifically:
wherein, TRRAn arrival time for the second reception of the reflected surface wave; the experimental calculation height of the pipeline defect can be obtained by solving through the formula.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, when the ultrasonic wave propagates along the defect edge of the pipe to be measured, after the acoustic wave reaches the point a, a secondary acoustic source is generated, and the reflected surface wave and the longitudinal wave are obtained by the receiving point; when the sound wave reaches the point B, a secondary sound source is generated again, wherein the longitudinal wave directly propagates to the receiving point, and the surface wave reaches the receiving point along the path B → A → C;
obtaining the distance s between the bottom B point of the detected pipeline defect and the receiving point according to the longitudinal wave time generated at the point B, and deriving the angle alpha of the detected pipeline defect by the distance s, wherein the angle alpha is specifically represented as:
wherein:
in the formula, d is the displacement of the defect distance receiving point of the detected pipeline; h is the defect height of the pipeline to be detected; vLThe propagation velocity of the longitudinal wave; t isRSThe time of the surface wave reaching the receiving point through the reflected longitudinal wave of the point B; t isRIs the first received surface wave signal; t isRRAn arrival time for the second reception of the reflected surface wave; the experimental calculation angles of different pipeline defects can be calculated through the formula.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of an ultrasonic signal processed according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the waveform is displayed in the waveform display module 10 for an operator to view.
In addition, in the specific implementation process, the pulse laser generator 2 can be a solid Nd-YAG type pulse laser, the wavelength of the pulse laser is 1064nm, the pulse width is 6ns, and the maximum energy of a single excitation pulse can reach 50 mJ.
The aperture of the laser excitation probe 11 is 25mm, the focal length is 50-100mm, and the spot diameter is 100-200 μm.
The detection bandwidth of the two-wave hybrid interferometer 6 is 120 MHz.
And the laser excitation probe 11 and the ultrasonic detection probe 12 are positioned on the same side of the material 3 to be detected.
It is noted that those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail herein.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a system based on laser ultrasonic detection pipeline surface defect, its characterized in that, the system includes water cooling plant, pulse laser generator, laser excitation probe, two-dimensional mobile platform, ultrasonic detection probe, fiber separator, two ripples hybrid interferometer, signal amplifier, data acquisition card, terminal equipment, waveform display module, wherein:
the water cooling device, the pulse laser generator and the laser excitation probe form a laser excitation device, and light beams emitted by the pulse laser generator are reflected by the laser excitation probe and then vertically irradiated on the surface of the measured pipeline;
the water cooling device is connected with the pulse laser generator and is used for cooling the pulse laser generator;
the measured pipeline is placed on a movable two-dimensional moving platform, and the position of the two-dimensional moving platform is adjusted to adjust a detection light beam irradiated on the measured pipeline;
the light beam reflected by the tested pipeline is emitted into the ultrasonic detection probe, and enters the optical fiber separator and the double-wave hybrid interferometer after being reflected by the ultrasonic detection probe;
the optical fiber separator and the double-wave hybrid interferometer form a laser detection device which is used for detecting ultrasonic signals reflected by the ultrasonic detection probe;
the signal amplifier, the data acquisition card, the terminal equipment and the waveform display module form a signal acquisition processing device which is used for amplifying and filtering the ultrasonic signal detected by the laser detection device and obtaining the surface defect parameters of the detected pipeline by the terminal equipment according to the ultrasonic signal after the amplifying and filtering;
the waveform display module is used for displaying the ultrasonic signal waveform after amplification and filtering processing so as to facilitate viewing.
2. The system for detecting the surface defects of the pipeline based on the laser ultrasonic technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of the terminal device obtaining the surface defect parameters of the pipeline to be detected according to the ultrasonic signal after the amplification and filtering processing is specifically as follows:
firstly, setting a receiving point to be positioned at the position 12mm left of a laser excitation point, and according to the propagation process of ultrasonic waves, calculating the displacement d of the defect distance of the measured pipeline from the receiving point to the receiving point from the first time of receiving a surface wave signal R to the first time of receiving a reflected surface wave signal SR by the receiving point, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula, TSRThe time of the first received reflection surface wave reaching the receiving point; t isRIs the first received surface wave signal; vRIs the propagation velocity of the surface wave;
further, the defect height h of the measured pipeline is obtained according to the time difference from the second received surface wave reflection signal RR to the first received surface wave signal R at the receiving point, which specifically comprises:
wherein, TRRThe arrival time of the second received reflected surface wave.
3. The system for detecting the surface defects of the pipeline based on the laser ultrasonic technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein the process of the terminal device obtaining the surface defect parameters of the pipeline to be detected according to the ultrasonic signal after the amplification and filtering processing is specifically as follows:
when the ultrasonic wave propagates along the defect edge of the pipeline to be detected, a secondary sound source is generated after the sound wave reaches the point A, and the reflected surface wave and the longitudinal wave are obtained by the receiving point; when the sound wave reaches the point B, a secondary sound source is generated again, wherein the longitudinal wave directly propagates to the receiving point, and the surface wave reaches the receiving point along the path B → A → C;
obtaining the distance s between the bottom B point of the detected pipeline defect and the receiving point according to the longitudinal wave time generated at the point B, and deriving the angle alpha of the detected pipeline defect by the distance s, wherein the angle alpha is specifically represented as:
wherein:
in the formula, d is the displacement of the defect distance receiving point of the detected pipeline; h is the defect height of the pipeline to be detected; vLIs the propagation velocity of a longitudinal waveDegree; t isRSThe time of the surface wave reaching the receiving point through the reflected longitudinal wave of the point B; t isRIs the first received surface wave signal; t isRRThe arrival time of the second received reflected surface wave.
4. The laser-based ultrasonic pipe surface flaw detection system of claim 1,
the pulse laser generator is a solid Nd-YAG type pulse laser, the wavelength of the pulse laser generator is 1064nm, the pulse width is 6ns, and the maximum energy of a single excitation pulse can reach 50 mJ.
5. The laser-based ultrasonic pipe surface flaw detection system of claim 1,
the aperture of the laser excitation probe is 25mm, the focal length is 50-100mm, and the diameter of the light spot is 100-200 μm.
6. The laser-based ultrasonic pipe surface flaw detection system of claim 1,
the detection bandwidth of the double-wave hybrid interferometer is 120 MHz.
7. The laser-based ultrasonic pipe surface flaw detection system of claim 1,
the laser excitation probe and the ultrasonic detection probe are positioned on the same side of the material to be detected.
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| CN114935547A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-23 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Pipeline hardness internal inspection method and system |
| CN116202968A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-06-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Laser ultrasonic defect detection system and laser ultrasonic phase coherent imaging detection method for additive titanium alloy |
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