CN112049882B - Friction plate wear warning strategy for fixed brake caliper of disc brake - Google Patents
Friction plate wear warning strategy for fixed brake caliper of disc brake Download PDFInfo
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- CN112049882B CN112049882B CN202011144664.7A CN202011144664A CN112049882B CN 112049882 B CN112049882 B CN 112049882B CN 202011144664 A CN202011144664 A CN 202011144664A CN 112049882 B CN112049882 B CN 112049882B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D66/02—Apparatus for indicating wear
- F16D66/021—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means
- F16D66/026—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means indicating different degrees of lining wear
- F16D66/027—Sensors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2220/00—Monitoring, detecting driver behaviour; Signalling thereof; Counteracting thereof
- B60T2220/04—Pedal travel sensor, stroke sensor; Sensing brake request
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction plate abrasion alarm strategy of a fixed brake caliper of a disc brake, which provides a plurality of alarm levels, indirectly estimates the abrasion degree of a brake pad through a piston displacement sensor, introduces the braking times as an auxiliary judgment condition to judge the alarm levels, finally covers the alarm state with low priority according to the alarm state with high priority, triggers a priority judgment rule to obtain the final alarm level and alarms. The strategy provided by the invention has the advantages of small improvement on the structure of the brake caliper, low modification cost and high practical value; meanwhile, the error is reduced, the alarming accuracy is improved, the alarming timeliness is guaranteed, and the potential safety hazard caused by untimely alarming and false alarming is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a friction plate wear warning strategy for a fixed brake caliper of a disc brake.
Background
At present, disc brakes gradually replace drum brakes to become the mainstream of vehicle brakes. A friction brake plate (friction plate for short) of a brake caliper belongs to an easily-worn product, and if the condition of excessive abrasion occurs, the braking performance of a vehicle is seriously influenced, and the safe running of the vehicle is influenced. Therefore, it is important to provide an alarm device for detecting the thickness of the friction plate.
The disk brake is classified into a structural type in which a brake caliper is fixed on a bracket: there are two main categories, fixed caliper and floating caliper. The existing thickness detection alarm strategy for the friction plate of the fixed brake caliper is as follows: the wear value of the friction plate is detected, the wear limit value of the friction plate is set, and when the wear value of the friction plate reaches the wear limit value, an alarm signal is sent out. The disadvantages of the current strategy are: the strategy is single, the alarm is classified in a non-grade way, the situations of untimely alarm, false alarm and the like are easy to occur, and therefore the potential safety hazard is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a strategy for warning the wear of the friction pads of a fixed caliper of a disc brake.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a friction plate wear warning strategy for a fixed brake caliper of a disc brake includes the steps of:
step one, establishing the braking times N of a vehicle and the abrasion thickness d of a friction plate after the Nth brakingnAnd the nominal thickness delta of the friction liningn-δ)；
Step two, setting a threshold value N of the braking times1When the actual value of the number of times of braking is Nactual≤N1When it is, d is judgednIf delta is more than or equal to 0, performing primary alarm if delta is more than or equal to 0, and otherwise, not performing alarm; when N is presentactual＝N1When N is f (d)nDelta) to obtain the desired value N of the number of braking cyclesi(ii) a When N is presentactual＞N1Then, entering the third step;
step three, comparing the actual value N obtained by counting the number of times of brakingactualWhether or not alpha is satisfied1N1<Nactual<α2N1In which α is1And alpha2The constant is calibrated, and if the constant meets the condition, the step four is carried out; if the condition is not satisfied, d is judgednIf delta is more than or equal to 0, performing primary alarm if delta is more than or equal to 0, and otherwise, not performing alarm;
step four, judging dnDelta.gtoreq.0 and NactualWhether both items of N 'and N' are satisfied is judged, and if both items are satisfied, a first-level alarm is given; otherwise, entering the step five; wherein N' is the nominal number of brakes;
step five, judging dnDelta.gtoreq.0 and NactualWhether N' is satisfied or not is judged, if yes, a secondary alarm is carried out, and L ═ d is calculatedn-δ)/NactualWherein L is a variable defined according to the actual situation; if the two items are not met, no alarm is given; wherein N' is the nominal number of brakes;
step six, judging the condition dn-δ<0 and L<L2And dn-δ<0 and L>L1Whether at least one condition is satisfied, wherein L1For upper limit alarm calibration values of L obtained from the detection conditions, L2The lower limit alarm calibration value of the L is obtained according to the detection condition; if yes, performing primary preparation alarm; if not, no alarm is given;
step seven, according to the priority judgment rule triggered by the alarm state with high priority and the alarm state with low priority, obtaining the final alarm level and alarming; the alarm levels are a first-level alarm, a first-level preparation alarm, a second-level alarm and a non-alarm in sequence from high to low.
Further, in the first step, the method for acquiring the number N of times of braking of the vehicle is as follows: a brake stroke sensor is configured for a brake pedal of the vehicle, a stroke signal of the brake pedal is obtained through the brake stroke sensor, and the vehicle braking frequency N is calculated through the stroke signal of the brake pedal.
Further, the method for calculating the number of times of braking N of the vehicle through the travel signal of the brake pedal specifically comprises the following steps: according to the calibration of the brake stroke sensor, a lower voltage limit U is set1And upper voltage limit U2When the actual braking stroke sensor voltage signal UactualOver time, from Uactual<U1Jump to Uactual>U2Then by Uactual>U2Down to Uactual<U1The number of braking times is counted once.
Further, the abrasion thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth braking in the step onenThe acquisition method comprises the following steps: a piston displacement sensor is arranged in a piston cylinder cavity of the fixed brake caliper, the position information of a rectangular rubber ring which is arranged outside the piston and used for adjusting the brake clearance is detected through the piston displacement sensor, and the abrasion thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth braking is calculated through the position information of the rectangular rubber ringn。
Further, the abrasion thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth braking is calculated according to the position information of the rectangular rubber ringnThe method comprises the following steps: establishing a coordinate system by taking the center of the cross section of the tail end of the piston when the piston cylinder contracts to the limit position as the origin of coordinates, taking the straight line of the axis of the piston as the x axis and the extension direction of the piston as the positive direction of the x axis, and then recording the coordinate x of the center of the cross section of the tail end of the piston after the first braking0And the center coordinate x of the cross section of the piston end at the n-th (n > 1) brakingn，x0And xnThe abrasion thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth braking is obtained by measuring the position information of the rectangular rubber ring through the piston displacement sensorn＝xn-x0。
x0And xnThe principle of obtaining the position information of the rectangular rubber ring is as follows: after the friction plate is abraded, the piston pushes the rectangular rubber ring to move towards the side of the brake disc, so that an overlarge brake gap caused by abrasion of the friction plate is made up, and therefore the position information of the rectangular rubber ring can be reflected as the position information of the piston.
Wear thickness d of friction plate after Nth brakingn＝xn-x0The principle of (1) is as follows: when the friction plate is abraded and braked again, the piston can compensate the abraded thickness of the friction plate under the action of hydraulic pressure; in the whole abrasion period of the friction plate, the abrasion degree of the friction plate can be ignored relative to the abrasion of the friction plate because the material of the friction plate belongs to a metal material; it can thus be seen that the difference in position of the piston with respect to the inner wall of the chamber after each braking is caused entirely by the wear of the friction plates, and can therefore be expressed in xn-x0To calculate the wear thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth brakingn。
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the invention can alarm and judge the friction plate by combining the abrasion thickness of the friction plate after the Nth braking with the braking times, provides a plurality of alarm levels, effectively reduces errors, improves the alarm accuracy, ensures the alarm timeliness and solves the potential safety hazard caused by untimely and false alarm.
(2) In the second step of the invention, a threshold value N of the braking times is set1When the number of times of braking reaches N1Then, according to N ═ f (d)nDelta) to obtain the desired value N of the number of braking cyclesiThe value distortion of the braking times caused by unknown conditions can be avoided.
(3) According to the invention, the lower voltage limit U is set according to the calibration of the brake stroke sensor1And upper voltage limit U2When the actual braking stroke sensor voltage signal UactualOver time, from Uactual<U1Jump to Uactual>U2Then by Uactual>U2Down to Uactual<U1And the braking times are counted once, so that the obtained braking times are counted accurately, and the effectiveness of an alarm strategy is ensured.
(4) According to the invention, the abrasion thickness of the friction plate after the Nth braking is indirectly obtained by detecting the position information of the rectangular rubber ring which is arranged at the outer side part of the piston and used for adjusting the braking gap through the piston displacement sensor, and the method has the advantages of small modification on the structure of the brake caliper, low modification cost and high practical value.
(5) The invention calculates L ═ dn-δ)/NactualCan simultaneously take into account dn- δ and NactualThereby improving the accuracy of the alarm.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 shows N-f (d) of a friction plate produced by the middle east Commission of example 1 of the present inventionn- δ) as a function of the relationship.
FIG. 2 shows the L and d of friction plates produced by the middle east belief of the present invention in example 1n-a plot of the function of δ.
Detailed Description
(example 1)
The friction plate wear warning strategy of the fixed brake caliper of the disc brake comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing the braking times of a vehicleN and abrasion thickness d of friction plate after Nth brakingnAnd the nominal thickness delta of the friction liningn-δ)；
The method for acquiring the number N of times of braking of the vehicle comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of configuring a brake stroke sensor for a brake pedal of a vehicle, acquiring a stroke signal of the brake pedal through the brake stroke sensor, and calculating the braking frequency N of the vehicle through the stroke signal of the brake pedal, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the calibration of the brake stroke sensor, a lower voltage limit U is set1And upper voltage limit U2When the actual braking stroke sensor voltage signal UactualOver time, from Uactual<U1Jump to Uactual>U2Then by Uactual>U2Down to Uactual<U1The number of braking times is counted once.
Wear thickness d of friction plate after Nth brakingnThe acquisition method comprises the following steps: a piston displacement sensor is arranged in a piston cylinder cavity of the fixed brake caliper, the position information of a rectangular rubber ring which is arranged outside the piston and used for adjusting the brake clearance is detected through the piston displacement sensor, and the abrasion thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth braking is calculated through the position information of the rectangular rubber ringnThe method specifically comprises the following steps: establishing a coordinate system by taking the center of the cross section of the tail end of the piston when the piston cylinder contracts to the limit position as the origin of coordinates, taking the straight line of the axis of the piston as the x axis and the extension direction of the piston as the positive direction of the x axis, and then recording the coordinate x of the center of the cross section of the tail end of the piston after the first braking0And the center coordinate x of the cross section of the piston end at the n-th (n > 1) brakingn，x0And xnThe abrasion thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth braking is obtained by measuring the position information of the rectangular rubber ring through the piston displacement sensorn＝xn-x0。
X is above0And xnThe principle of obtaining the position information of the rectangular rubber ring is as follows: after the friction plate is worn, the piston pushes the rectangular rubber ring to move towards the side of the brake disc, so that overlarge brake clearance caused by the wear of the friction plate is made up, and the position information of the rectangular rubber ring can be reflected as that of the pistonLocation information.
Wear thickness d of friction plate after Nth brakingn＝xn-x0The principle of (1) is as follows: when the friction plate is abraded and braked again, the piston can compensate the abraded thickness of the friction plate under the action of hydraulic pressure; in the whole abrasion period of the friction plate, the abrasion degree of the friction plate can be ignored relative to the abrasion of the friction plate because the material of the friction plate belongs to a metal material; it can thus be seen that the difference in position of the piston with respect to the inner wall of the chamber after each braking is caused entirely by the wear of the friction plates, and can therefore be expressed in xn-x0To calculate the wear thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth brakingn。
Step two, setting a threshold value N of the braking times1When the actual value of the number of times of braking is Nactual≤N1When it is, d is judgednIf delta is more than or equal to 0, performing primary alarm if delta is more than or equal to 0, and otherwise, not performing alarm; when N is presentactual＝N1When N is f (d)nDelta) to obtain the desired value N of the number of braking cyclesi(ii) a When N is presentactual＞N1Then, entering the third step;
step three, comparing the actual value N obtained by counting the number of times of brakingactualWhether or not alpha is satisfied1N1<Nactual<α2N1In which α is1And alpha2The constant is calibrated, and if the constant meets the condition, the step four is carried out; if the condition is not satisfied, d is judgednIf delta is more than or equal to 0, performing primary alarm if delta is more than or equal to 0, and otherwise, not performing alarm;
step four, judging dnDelta.gtoreq.0 and NactualWhether both items of N 'and N' are satisfied is judged, and if both items are satisfied, a first-level alarm is given; otherwise, entering the step five; wherein N' is the nominal number of brakes;
step five, judging dnDelta.gtoreq.0 and NactualWhether N' is satisfied or not is judged, if yes, a secondary alarm is carried out, and L ═ d is calculatedn-δ)/NactualWherein L is defined according to the actual situationA variable of (d); if the two items are not met, no alarm is given; wherein N' is the nominal number of brakes;
step six, judging the condition dn-δ<0 and L<L2And dn-δ<0 and L>L1Whether at least one condition is satisfied, wherein L1For upper limit alarm calibration values of L obtained from the detection conditions, L2The lower limit alarm calibration value of the L is obtained according to the detection condition; if yes, performing primary preparation alarm; if not, no alarm is given;
step seven, according to the priority judgment rule triggered by the alarm state with high priority and the alarm state with low priority, obtaining the final alarm level and alarming; the alarm levels are a first-level alarm, a first-level preparation alarm, a second-level alarm and a non-alarm in sequence from high to low.
Take friction plates produced by Dongying Yingxin as an example, when N>N1In time, the number of times N ═ f (d) that the friction plate produced by east-Ying-West works as the braking number of the vehiclenδ) can be represented by fig. 1. In fig. 1, F represents the magnitude of the braking force applied in the experiment, and it can be seen that N ═ F (d) at different braking forcesnδ) have different functional relationships. In the graph shown in fig. 1, F ═ F1、F＝F2、F＝F3Respectively showing the relationship between the wear thickness of the friction plate and the number of braking times under different positive pressure conditions, F1>F2>F3. From the safety point of view, F ═ F should be chosen1The curve is used as the actual relation curve, and from the aspect of durability of the friction plate, F is selected to be F2The curve of time. In practice, the safety and durability of the friction plate should be considered in combination, and F1And F2The application curve of the functional relationship is chosen in the middle area, as shown by the dashed line in fig. 1. F ═ F3The curve is presented as test data, and if the durability of the friction plate is further inclined, F-F can be more aggressively selected3The determination of the application curve is performed as a reference object.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, α1And alpha2As a calibration parameterIn order to further limit the stable area of friction plate wear, N and d in the area are judgednThe functional relationship between- δ is more accurate. The actual parameter value should be determined based on the wear stability area of the friction plate.
A graph corresponding to L is obtained from the application curve as shown in fig. 2. Wherein L is a variable defined according to the actual situation in order to be able to take d into account simultaneouslyn- δ and NactualThe other expressions can be replaced according to the actual situation. L is1For upper limit alarm calibration values of L obtained from the detection conditions, L2The lower limit alarm calibration value of the L is obtained according to the detection condition. If L is ═ dn-δ)/NactualAs a discriminant variable is defined, the functional relationship as shown in fig. 2 can be obtained. According to the definition of L, if the condition d is satisfiedn-δ<0 and L<L2And dn-δ<0 and L>L1At the moment, the corresponding brake pad is worn out basically and completely, the braking times also reach the limit position, and primary preparatory alarm should be carried out to warn the driver. Otherwise, if at L1And L2The formed belt-shaped area is seen from the L function, the abrasion degree of the friction plate and the braking frequency are both in an allowable range, so that the condition that no alarm is given can be temporarily output.
The friction plate abrasion alarming strategy of the fixed brake caliper of the disc brake of the embodiment alarms and judges the friction plate by combining the abrasion thickness of the friction plate subjected to the Nth braking with the braking frequency, provides a plurality of alarming levels, effectively reduces errors, improves the alarming accuracy, ensures the alarming timeliness, and solves the potential safety hazard caused by untimely alarming and false alarming.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A friction plate wear warning strategy for a fixed caliper of a disc brake, comprising the steps of:
step one, establishing the braking times N of a vehicle and the abrasion thickness d of a friction plate after the Nth brakingnAnd the nominal thickness δ of the friction plate N = f (d)n-δ)；
Step two, setting a threshold value N of the braking times1When the actual value of the number of times of braking is Nactual≤N1When it is, d is judgednIf delta is more than or equal to 0, performing primary alarm if delta is more than or equal to 0, and otherwise, not performing alarm; when N is presentactual=N1When, according to N = f (d)nDelta) to obtain the desired value N of the number of braking cyclesi(ii) a When N is presentactual＞N1Then, entering the third step;
step three, comparing the actual value N obtained by counting the number of times of brakingactualWhether or not alpha is satisfied1N1<Nactual<α2N1In which α is1And alpha2The constant is calibrated, and if the constant meets the condition, the step four is carried out; if the condition is not satisfied, d is judgednIf delta is more than or equal to 0, performing primary alarm if delta is more than or equal to 0, and otherwise, not performing alarm;
step four, judging dnDelta.gtoreq.0 and NactualWhether both items of N 'and N' are satisfied is judged, and if both items are satisfied, a first-level alarm is given; otherwise, entering the step five; wherein N' is the nominal number of brakes;
step five, judging dnDelta.gtoreq.0 and NactualWhether N' is satisfied or not, if so, performing secondary alarm, and calculating L = (d)n-δ)/NactualWherein L is a variable defined according to the actual situation; if the two items are not met, no alarm is given; wherein N' is the nominal number of brakes;
step six, judging the condition dn-δ<0 and L<L2And dn-δ<0 and L>L1Whether at least one condition is satisfiedWherein L is1For upper limit alarm calibration values of L obtained from the detection conditions, L2The lower limit alarm calibration value of the L is obtained according to the detection condition; if yes, performing primary preparation alarm; if not, no alarm is given;
step seven, according to the priority judgment rule triggered by the alarm state with high priority and the alarm state with low priority, obtaining the final alarm level and alarming; the alarm levels are a first-level alarm, a first-level preparation alarm, a second-level alarm and a non-alarm in sequence from high to low.
2. A friction plate wear warning strategy for a fixed caliper of a disc brake according to claim 1, wherein in step one, the number N of vehicle brakes is obtained by: a brake stroke sensor is configured for a brake pedal of the vehicle, a stroke signal of the brake pedal is obtained through the brake stroke sensor, and the vehicle braking frequency N is calculated through the stroke signal of the brake pedal.
3. A friction pad wear warning strategy for a fixed caliper of a disc brake according to claim 1, wherein the thickness d of friction pad wear after the Nth brake application in step onenThe acquisition method comprises the following steps: a piston displacement sensor is arranged in a piston cylinder cavity of the fixed brake caliper, the position information of a rectangular rubber ring which is arranged outside the piston and used for adjusting the brake clearance is detected through the piston displacement sensor, and the abrasion thickness d of the friction plate after the Nth braking is calculated through the position information of the rectangular rubber ringn。
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| CN202011144664.7A CN112049882B (en) | 2020-10-23 | 2020-10-23 | Friction plate wear warning strategy for fixed brake caliper of disc brake |
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| CN202011144664.7A CN112049882B (en) | 2020-10-23 | 2020-10-23 | Friction plate wear warning strategy for fixed brake caliper of disc brake |
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