CN112033282A - Hole position precision measurement and evaluation method and system - Google Patents
Hole position precision measurement and evaluation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112033282A CN112033282A CN202010774117.0A CN202010774117A CN112033282A CN 112033282 A CN112033282 A CN 112033282A CN 202010774117 A CN202010774117 A CN 202010774117A CN 112033282 A CN112033282 A CN 112033282A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
Abstract
The invention provides a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method and a system, comprising the following steps: the design of a special point measurement tool which can be used for point and line position alignment; the point measurement tool is suitable for a plurality of measurement scenes and a using method thereof; the method for measuring and calculating the position deviation of the end face butt joint hole. The measuring method provided by the invention can realize high-efficiency measurement of point alignment and line drawing; and when only the end face butt joint condition is considered, the optimal matching value of each connecting hole position degree can be obtained through rotation and translation according to a specific judgment criterion, and quality misjudgment caused by measurement is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method and system. In particular, it relates to a method for precisely measuring and evaluating the position of a hole containing point and line elements.
Background
In order to ensure smooth butt joint between hole positions, the mutual position relationship between end surface holes and the mutual position relationship between end surface scribing lines and holes need to be ensured. In the past, when equipment such as a laser tracker is used for detection, a target ball is aligned with a line through visual observation or point positions are obtained through ball center measurement, a dot-dash line measuring device or equipment suitable for the equipment such as the tracker is not available, and measuring accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The hole position degree evaluation is based on a fixed coordinate system, when a measuring standard or a measuring coordinate deviates, the hole position butting performance is good, but the measured position degree is out of tolerance, and quality misjudgment is generated.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110487229A discloses a method for calculating the minimum position of a circumferential equant hole, which comprises the following steps: 1) determining a reference equant hole and a coordinate system origin 0, establishing a coordinate system, and calculating a theoretical central angle and a theoretical coordinate value of each equant hole according to design parameters; 2) measuring the actual coordinates of each equally-divided hole in a coordinate system by using a three-coordinate measuring machine, calculating the first position degree of each equally-divided hole, obtaining the maximum value of the position degree, and calculating the actual hole center distance and the actual center angle of each equally-divided hole; 3) calculating the difference value of the hole center distances of all the equant holes, calculating the maximum difference value of the circle center angles of all the equant holes, and setting the rotation angle step length and the first rotation direction; 4) rotating the coordinate system for the first time to ensure that the original point position of the coordinate system is unchanged, calculating theoretical coordinates, actual coordinates and position degrees of each equant hole after the first rotation, and obtaining the maximum value of the position degree of the first rotation; 5) comparing the two position degrees, and judging the rotation direction and the rotation value according to the comparison value; 6) and judging whether the position degree meets the position degree tolerance. The invention calculates the position degree by rotating the coordinate system, and when the position degree of the next time is more than or equal to that of the previous time, the previous time is determined to be the minimum position degree, so that the possibility of misjudgment of the part can be effectively reduced. The method has the disadvantages that the method is only suitable for measuring circumference equal division holes by three coordinates, a translation matrix and a rotation matrix are not used when the optimal hole position degree is solved, and a detailed method for setting angle stepping quantity is not used.
The invention is suitable for measuring and evaluating the positions of uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed holes, and the angle stepping value and the adjustment range can be corrected according to the actual condition. The system scheme is suitable for realizing rapid calculation of hole positions through software programming, can simultaneously obtain a rotation angle, coordinate translation amount and position deviation of each point, and can effectively prevent quality misjudgment of hole position distribution conditions when measuring reference or measuring coordinate deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method and system. The invention can be used for measuring and evaluating the hole position containing point and line elements, can realize the measurement and point taking of the marking line and the calculation of the position of the best matching state of the hole position, and is particularly applied to the measurement and calculation of the position degree of the end face hole.
The invention provides a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: when point and line elements are measured, a close fit pin of a measuring point cone is inserted into a close fit pin hole of a measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and an opening of the point measuring tool combination faces an operator;
step S2: measuring points on the scribing line to obtain point coordinates on the scribing line;
step S3: establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using a reference in a design drawing;
step S4: evaluating hole position accuracy;
step S5: and calculating the rotation angle and the coordinate translation amount.
Preferably, the step S1:
the parallel support legs of the base are attached to the peripheral plane of the measured point, and the cone point of the measured point cone is aligned to the measured point;
when the scribing line is positioned on the side surface, the parallel supporting feet of the base are ensured to be more than 1/3 and abut against the end surface, and the conical point is aligned with one end of the scribing line;
the step S2:
when measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on a measuring hole, enabling a prism surface to face a laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, inserting a cylinder of the target seat into the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points;
when measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: measuring the center of a measuring hole of the measuring point cone; or a measuring pin with a central conical point is inserted into the measuring hole, and the center of the central conical point is taken by using a measuring head; or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a taper hole, namely a central taper point; and (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
Preferably, the step S3:
projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn)；
Determining a Z coordinate direction by using the end face normal direction, taking the direction of the workpiece projection central point pointing to a point on the specified marking reference as an X coordinate direction, and setting the circle center at the workpiece projection central point; when there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
Preferably, the step S4:
under the same coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinates (x) are actually measured on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Performing rotation and translation calculation to obtain two-dimensional coordinates (x) of each optimized point1ˊ，y1ˊ)、(x2ˊ，y2ˊ)……(xnˊ，yn'); subtracting the optimized two-dimensional coordinates of the points from the corresponding theoretical coordinates to obtain the coordinate difference (delta x) of each point1，Δy1)、(Δx2，Δy2)……(Δxn，Δyn) And calculating the two-dimensional distance (d) between each optimized point and the corresponding theoretical point by using Pythagorean theorem1、d2、......dn). The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the angle of rotation, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnN is the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point, and n is the number of each point.
Preferably, the step S5:
using software to program and calculate the rotation angle theta and translation x of the measured value and the theoretical value under the optimum matching state0，y0. The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
Setting the step value of the rotation angle according to the hole position tolerance requirement: 1/4 where the step value is set to be less than or equal to the tolerance;
setting an adjusting range: setting an adjusting range according to measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of coordinate deviation, converting the maximum deviation of the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, and then setting the adjusting range of the rotation angle to be +/-alpha, and when the adjusting range is not the integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values exist for the two-dimensional distance, and the coordinate (x) is actually measuredn，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3), calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances, and calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)11、d21、......dn1)、(d12、d22、......dn2)......(d1i、d2i、......dni) And obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimaxComparing i pieces of dimaxGet dimaxA set of values having the smallest value as an optimal solution, and (theta) of the optimal solution is obtainedx、x0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1x、d2x、......dnx) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree.
The invention provides a hole position precision measurement and evaluation system, which comprises:
module S1: when point and line elements are measured, a close fit pin of a measuring point cone is inserted into a close fit pin hole of a measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and an opening of the point measuring tool combination faces an operator;
module S2: measuring points on the scribing line to obtain point coordinates on the scribing line;
module S3: establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using a reference in a design drawing;
module S4: evaluating hole position accuracy;
module S5: and calculating the rotation angle and the coordinate translation amount.
Preferably, the module S1:
the parallel support legs of the base are attached to the peripheral plane of the measured point, and the cone point of the measured point cone is aligned to the measured point;
when the scribing line is positioned on the side surface, the parallel supporting feet of the base are ensured to be more than 1/3 and abut against the end surface, and the conical point is aligned with one end of the scribing line;
the module S2:
when measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on a measuring hole, enabling a prism surface to face a laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, inserting a cylinder of the target seat into the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points;
when measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: measuring the center of a measuring hole of the measuring point cone; or a measuring pin with a central conical point is inserted into the measuring hole, and the center of the central conical point is taken by using a measuring head; or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a taper hole, namely a central taper point; and (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
Preferably, the module S3:
projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn)；
Determining a Z coordinate direction by using the end face normal direction, taking the direction of the workpiece projection central point pointing to a point on the specified marking reference as an X coordinate direction, and setting the circle center at the workpiece projection central point; when there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
Preferably, the module S4:
under the same coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinates (x) are actually measured on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Performing rotation and translation calculation to obtain two-dimensional coordinates (x) of each optimized point1ˊ，y1ˊ)、(x2ˊ，y2ˊ)……(xnˊ，yn'); subtracting the optimized two-dimensional coordinates of the points from the corresponding theoretical coordinates to obtain the coordinate difference (delta x) of each point1，Δy1)、(Δx2，Δy2)……(Δxn，Δyn) And calculating the two-dimensional distance (d) between each optimized point and the corresponding theoretical point by using Pythagorean theorem1、d2、......dn). The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the angle of rotation, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnN is the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point, and n is the number of each point.
Preferably, the module S5:
using software to program and calculate the rotation angle theta and translation x of the measured value and the theoretical value under the optimum matching state0，y0. The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0： 
Setting the step value of the rotation angle according to the hole position tolerance requirement: 1/4 where the step value is set to be less than or equal to the tolerance;
setting an adjusting range: setting an adjusting range according to measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of coordinate deviation, converting the maximum deviation of the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, and then setting the adjusting range of the rotation angle to be +/-alpha, and when the adjusting range is not the integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values exist for the two-dimensional distance, and the coordinate (x) is actually measuredn，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3), calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances, and calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)11、d21、......dn1)、(d12、d22、......dn2)......(d1i、d2i、......dni) And obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimaxComparing i pieces of dimaxGet dimaxA set of values having the smallest value as an optimal solution, and (theta) of the optimal solution is obtainedx、x0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1x、d2x、......dnx) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention relates to a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method containing point and line elements, wherein the point and line measurement method is generally suitable for measuring and taking points of marking lines and can be used as a matching scheme for measuring marking lines by a laser tracker, a joint arm and a portable measuring head system;
2) the hole position evaluation scheme is suitable for evaluating the positions of uniformly distributed and non-uniformly distributed holes, the step value of the rotation angle can be adjusted according to factors such as product precision, processing stability and the like, and rapid calculation can be realized through software programming to obtain the rotation angle, the translation amount, the maximum deviation and the like of the hole position in the optimal state.
3) The evaluation scheme of the position degree can calculate the deviation between the actual measurement position and the theoretical position of the hole under a specific corner, and can be used for calculating the butt joint condition under a specific condition.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring point base in the measuring point tool assembly, and when the measuring point tool assembly is used, a parallel foot rest is arranged on the plane of an accessory of a measured point.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measuring point cone, when the measuring point cone is used, a close-fit pin is inserted into a close-fit pin hole of a measuring point base, and the diameter of a measuring hole can be set according to the size of a target ball base and the size of a measuring head.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a point measurement tool assembly, in which a cone point is equal to or slightly higher than a reference parallel support leg during measurement, and is conveniently aligned with a dot-dash line.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a measurement scene, when measuring, an end face can be in any shape, end face holes can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed, and the selection of a corner stepping value is influenced by the position tolerance requirement of the measurement hole and the distance from a coordinate origin.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: when point and line elements are measured, a close fit pin of a measuring point cone is inserted into a close fit pin hole of a measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and an opening of the point measuring tool combination faces an operator;
step S2: measuring points on the scribing line to obtain point coordinates on the scribing line;
step S3: establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using a reference in a design drawing;
step S4: evaluating hole position accuracy;
step S5: and calculating the rotation angle and the coordinate translation amount.
Specifically, the step S1:
the parallel support legs of the base are attached to the peripheral plane of the measured point, and the cone point of the measured point cone is aligned to the measured point;
when the scribing line is positioned on the side surface, the parallel supporting feet of the base are ensured to be more than 1/3 and abut against the end surface, and the conical point is aligned with one end of the scribing line;
the step S2:
when measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on a measuring hole, enabling a prism surface to face a laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, inserting a cylinder of the target seat into the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points;
when measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: measuring the center of a measuring hole of the measuring point cone; or a measuring pin with a central conical point is inserted into the measuring hole, and the center of the central conical point is taken by using a measuring head; or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a taper hole, namely a central taper point; and (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
Specifically, the step S3:
will measure to obtainThe coordinates of the center and the point coordinates of the hole are projected to the end face, and the actually measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and the center of the hole on the end face are obtained1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn)；
Determining a Z coordinate direction by using the end face normal direction, taking the direction of the workpiece projection central point pointing to a point on the specified marking reference as an X coordinate direction, and setting the circle center at the workpiece projection central point; when there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
Specifically, the step S4:
under the same coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinates (x) are actually measured on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Performing rotation and translation calculation to obtain two-dimensional coordinates (x) of each optimized point1ˊ，y1ˊ)、(x2ˊ，y2ˊ)……(xnˊ，yn'); subtracting the optimized two-dimensional coordinates of the points from the corresponding theoretical coordinates to obtain the coordinate difference (delta x) of each point1，Δy1)、(Δx2，Δy2)……(Δxn，Δyn) And calculating the two-dimensional distance (d) between each optimized point and the corresponding theoretical point by using Pythagorean theorem1、d2、......dn). The calculation formulas are as follows:
wherein theta is a rotation angle of the rotating shaft,x0，y0as X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnN is the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point, and n is the number of each point.
Specifically, the step S5:
using software to program and calculate the rotation angle theta and translation x of the measured value and the theoretical value under the optimum matching state0，y0. The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
Setting the step value of the rotation angle according to the hole position tolerance requirement: 1/4 where the step value is set to be less than or equal to the tolerance;
setting an adjusting range: setting an adjusting range according to measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of coordinate deviation, converting the maximum deviation of the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, and then setting the adjusting range of the rotation angle to be +/-alpha, and when the adjusting range is not the integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values exist for the two-dimensional distance, and the coordinate (x) is actually measuredn，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3), calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances, and calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)11、d21、......dn1)、(d12、d22、......dn2)......(d1i、d2i、......dni) And obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimaxComparing i pieces of dimaxGet dimaxA set of values having the smallest value as an optimal solution, and (theta) of the optimal solution is obtainedx、x0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1x、d2x、......dnx) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree.
The hole position precision measurement and evaluation system provided by the invention can be realized through the step flow of the hole position precision measurement and evaluation method provided by the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the precise measurement and evaluation method of hole position is a preferred example of the precise measurement and evaluation system of hole position.
The invention provides a hole position precision measurement and evaluation system, which comprises:
module S1: when point and line elements are measured, a close fit pin of a measuring point cone is inserted into a close fit pin hole of a measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and an opening of the point measuring tool combination faces an operator;
module S2: measuring points on the scribing line to obtain point coordinates on the scribing line;
module S3: establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using a reference in a design drawing;
module S4: evaluating hole position accuracy;
module S5: and calculating the rotation angle and the coordinate translation amount.
Specifically, the module S1:
the parallel support legs of the base are attached to the peripheral plane of the measured point, and the cone point of the measured point cone is aligned to the measured point;
when the scribing line is positioned on the side surface, the parallel supporting feet of the base are ensured to be more than 1/3 and abut against the end surface, and the conical point is aligned with one end of the scribing line;
the module S2:
when measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on a measuring hole, enabling a prism surface to face a laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, inserting a cylinder of the target seat into the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points;
when measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: measuring the center of a measuring hole of the measuring point cone; or a measuring pin with a central conical point is inserted into the measuring hole, and the center of the central conical point is taken by using a measuring head; or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a taper hole, namely a central taper point; and (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
Specifically, the module S3:
projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn)；
Determining a Z coordinate direction by using the end face normal direction, taking the direction of the workpiece projection central point pointing to a point on the specified marking reference as an X coordinate direction, and setting the circle center at the workpiece projection central point; when there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
Specifically, the module S4:
under the same coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinates (x) are actually measured on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Performing rotation and translation calculation to obtain two-dimensional coordinates (x) of each optimized point1ˊ，y1ˊ)、(x2ˊ，y2ˊ)……(xnˊ，yn'); subtracting the optimized two-dimensional coordinates of the points from the corresponding theoretical coordinates to obtain the coordinate difference (delta x) of each point1，Δy1)、(Δx2，Δy2)……(Δxn，Δyn) And calculating the two-dimensional distance (d) between each optimized point and the corresponding theoretical point by using Pythagorean theorem1、d2、......dn). The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the angle of rotation, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnN is the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point, and n is the number of each point.
Specifically, the module S5:
using software to program and calculate the rotation angle theta and translation x of the measured value and the theoretical value under the optimum matching state0，y0. The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
Setting the step value of the rotation angle according to the hole position tolerance requirement: 1/4 where the step value is set to be less than or equal to the tolerance;
setting an adjusting range: setting an adjusting range according to measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of coordinate deviation, converting the maximum deviation of the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, and then setting the adjusting range of the rotation angle to be +/-alpha, and when the adjusting range is not the integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values exist for the two-dimensional distance, and the coordinate (x) is actually measuredn，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3), calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances, and calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)11、d21、......dn1)、(d12、d22、......dn2)......(d1i、d2i、......dni) And obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimaxComparing i pieces of dimaxGet dimaxA set of values having the smallest value as an optimal solution, and (theta) of the optimal solution is obtainedx、x0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1x、d2x、......dnx) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree.
The present invention will be described more specifically below with reference to preferred examples.
Preferred example 1:
a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method containing point and line elements is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps:
when point and line elements are measured, a close-fit pin of a measuring point cone is inserted into a close-fit pin hole of a measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and an opening of the point measuring tool combination faces to an operator, so that the point alignment condition can be conveniently observed. The parallel stabilizer blade of base and the peripheral plane laminating of measured point, the taper point of measuring point awl aims at the measured point. When the score line is on the side, the base parallel leg is secured above 1/3 against the end face with the taper aligned with the end of the score line. Some of the workpieces may be scribed on the end face or other location (typically with a depth, e.g., 0.1mm deep) as a reference for docking or installation, and some of the scribes may be used as a reference for docking or installation, and alignment of the reference lines may be required prior to docking or installation.
And step two, measuring points on the scribing line. When measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on the measuring hole, enabling the prism surface to face the laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring point cone measuring hole, inserting the cylinder of the target seat into the measuring point cone measuring hole, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points. When measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: the center of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone can be measured, or a measuring pin with a central cone point is inserted into the measuring hole, the center of the central cone point is taken by using a measuring head, or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a cone hole (central cone point). And (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
And step three, establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using the reference in the design drawing. Projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn). The Z coordinate direction is generally determined using the end face normal direction, the direction in which the workpiece projection center point points to a point on the specified scribe line reference is taken as the X coordinate direction, and the center of the circle is set at the workpiece projection center point. When there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
And step four, evaluating the hole position precision (the final precision evaluation is embodied in the distance array (d) when the most solution is obtained1、d2、......dn) The evaluation is a process of obtaining the most solution according to a set rule, and the distance between a theoretical hole and an actually measured hole is the position accuracy of the hole). Under the same coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinates (x) are actually measured on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Rotation and translation calculation are carried out to obtain the advantagesTwo-dimensional coordinates (x) of each point after transformation1ˊ，y1ˊ)、(x2ˊ，y2ˊ)……(xnˊ，yn'); subtracting the optimized two-dimensional coordinates of the points from the corresponding theoretical coordinates to obtain the coordinate difference (delta x) of each point1，Δy1)、(Δx2，Δy2)……(Δxn，Δyn) And calculating the two-dimensional distance (d) between each optimized point and the corresponding theoretical point by using Pythagorean theorem1、d2、......dn). The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the angle of rotation, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnAnd n is the number of each point, if 10 holes exist, the number is 1-10, and the coordinates with the same n value correspond to the same hole.
And step five, calculating the rotation angle and the coordinate translation amount. Using software to program and calculate the rotation angle theta and translation x of the measured value and the theoretical value under the optimum matching state0，y0. The method comprises the following steps:
1. calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
2. Setting the step value of the rotation angle according to the hole position tolerance requirement: the step value is typically set to a tolerance of 1/4 or less. Such as: the theoretical pole diameter (distance from the center of the circle) of the hole to be measured is 1500mm, the tolerance requirement is 0.2mm, and then the step value of the rotation angle is obtained
3. Setting an adjusting range: and setting an adjusting range according to the measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of the coordinate deviation. If the maximum deviation between the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole is converted into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, the adjustment range of the rotation angle is +/-alpha. When the adjusting range is not integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
4. calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values are obtained for the two-dimensional distance. Such as: the rotation angle step value is 1 ', the rotation angle adjustment range is ± 5', and the rotation angle refinement value is θ ═ (-5 ', -4', -3 ', -2', -1 ', 1', 2 ', 3', 4 ', 5'), and i ═ 10. With measured coordinates (x)n，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3) to calculate i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)11、d21、......dn1)、(d12、d22、......dn2)......(d1i、d2i、......dni) That is, each angle value gets a distance array, i angle values get i distance arrays, and each distance value is different due to the different angles. Each distance array (n distance values comprising n holes) yields a maximum distance value dimaxAnd obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimax. Compare i dimaxGet dimaxA set of values having the smallest value as the most significantOptimal solution, obtaining (theta) of optimal solutionx、x0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1x、d2x、......dnx) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree.
Preferred example 2:
the invention aims to provide a hole position measuring and evaluating method for elements including points and lines, which realizes efficient and high-precision measurement of the points and provides a new calculating method for evaluating the hole position. The technical core of the invention is the design and use of a universal point measurement tool and the calculation and evaluation rules of the optimal matching position of the hole.
The main technical scheme for solving the technical problems provided by the invention is as follows: according to different measuring means, a measuring scheme is formulated, a measuring coordinate system is established, and the best hole site matching value is solved through coordinate conversion. The specific operation is as follows:
step one, measuring points on a scribing line. When point and line elements are measured, the close fit pins of the measuring point cones are inserted into the close fit pin holes of the measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and the opening of the point measuring tool combination faces to an operator, so that the point alignment condition can be conveniently observed. The parallel stabilizer blade of base and the peripheral plane laminating of measured point, the taper point of measuring point awl aims at the measured point. When the score line is on the side, the base parallel leg is secured above 1/3 against the end face with the taper aligned with the end of the score line.
When measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on the measuring hole, enabling the prism surface to face the laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring point cone measuring hole, inserting the cylinder of the target seat into the measuring point cone measuring hole, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points. When measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: the center of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone can be measured, or a measuring pin with a central cone point is inserted into the measuring hole, the center of the central cone point is taken by using a measuring head, or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a cone hole (central cone point). And (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
And step two, establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using the reference in the design drawing. Projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn). The Z coordinate direction is generally determined using the end face normal direction, the direction in which the workpiece projection center point points to the scribing reference 1 is taken as the X coordinate direction, and the center of the circle is set at the workpiece projection center point. When there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
And step three, evaluating the hole position precision. The hole position accuracy evaluation was performed as follows:
calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
Setting a rotation angle step value according to the hole position tolerance requirement: the step value is typically set to a tolerance of 1/4 or less. Such as: the theoretical pole diameter (distance from the origin of coordinates) of the measured hole is 1500mm, the tolerance requirement is 0.2mm, and then the step value of the rotation angle is obtained
Setting an adjusting range: and setting an adjusting range according to the measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of the coordinate deviation. If the maximum deviation between the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole is converted into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, the adjustment range of the rotation angle is +/-alpha. When the adjusting range is not integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: is assumed to be within the adjustment range so as toAnd if the integer multiple of the set stepping value can obtain i rotation angle subdivision values, the two-dimensional distance has i groups of values. Such as: the rotation angle step value is 1 ', the rotation angle adjustment range is ± 5', and the rotation angle refinement value is θ ═ (-5 ', -4', -3 ', -2', -1 ', 1', 2 ', 3', 4 ', 5'), and i ═ 10. With measured coordinates (x)n，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3) to calculate i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)1、d2、......dn)iAnd obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimax. Compare i dimaxGet dimaxThe set of values with the minimum value is used as the optimal solution to obtain the (theta, x) of the optimal solution0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1、d2、......dn) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree. The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the rotation angle component, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnIs the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point.
Preferred example 3:
a hole position precision measurement and evaluation method containing point and line elements comprises the following steps:
step one, equipment selection and erection: the invention is applicable to measuring systems using laser trackers, articulated arms and portable probes. Before measurement, measurement equipment is reasonably arranged, so that measurement elements can be covered at one-time distribution station or through a reasonable transfer station.
Step two, placing a point measurement tool: when point and line elements are measured, as shown in fig. 3, a tight fit pin of the measuring point cone is inserted into a tight fit pin hole of the measuring point base, so that a point measuring tool combination is formed. As shown in FIG. 4, the measuring tool assembly is placed above the measured point, and the opening of the point measuring tool assembly faces the operator, so that the alignment condition of the point can be conveniently observed. The parallel stabilizer blade of base and the peripheral plane laminating of measured point, the taper point of measuring point awl aims at the measured point. When the score line is on the side, the base parallel leg is secured above 1/3 against the end face with the taper aligned with the end of the score line.
Step three, dot-dash line measurement: when the laser tracker is used for measurement, the target ball for measurement is directly placed on the measuring hole, the prism surface faces the laser tracker, or a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring point cone measuring hole is used, the cylinder of the target seat is inserted into the measuring point cone measuring hole, and the target ball is placed on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points. When a portable measuring head such as a joint arm measuring machine, a handheld measuring pen and the like is used for measuring, the center of a measuring hole of a measuring point cone can be measured, or a measuring pin with a central cone point is inserted into the measuring hole, the center of the central cone point is taken by using the measuring head, or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a cone hole (central cone point). And (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
Step four, establishing a workpiece coordinate system: projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn). A measurement coordinate system is established by using the reference in the design drawing, the Z coordinate direction is generally determined by using the end face normal direction, the direction of the workpiece projection central point pointing to the scribing reference 1 is taken as the X coordinate direction, and the center of a circle is arranged at the workpiece projection central point. When there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
Step five, evaluating hole position precision: the hole position accuracy evaluation was performed as follows.
Calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
Setting a rotation angle step value according to the hole position tolerance requirement: the step value is typically set to a tolerance of 1/4 or less. Such as: the theoretical pole diameter (distance from the origin of coordinates) of the measured hole is 1500mm, the tolerance requirement is 0.2mm, and then the step value of the rotation angle is obtained
Setting an adjusting range: and setting an adjusting range according to the measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of the coordinate deviation. If the maximum deviation between the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole is converted into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, the adjustment range of the rotation angle is +/-alpha. When the adjusting range is not integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values are obtained for the two-dimensional distance. Such as: the rotation angle step value is 1 ', the rotation angle adjustment range is ± 5', and the rotation angle refinement value is θ ═ (-5 ', -4', -3 ', -2', -1 ', 1', 2 ', 3', 4 ', 5'), and i ═ 10. With measured coordinates (x)n，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting into formulas (1), (2) and (3) to calculateObtaining i sets of two-dimensional distances (d)1、d2、......dn)iAnd obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimax. Compare i dimaxGet dimaxThe set of values with the minimum value is used as the optimal solution to obtain the (theta, x) of the optimal solution0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1、d2、......dn) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree. The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the rotation angle component, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnIs the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof provided by the present invention in purely computer readable program code, the same procedures can be implemented entirely by logically programming method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof are provided in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system, the device and the modules thereof provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included in the system, the device and the modules thereof for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures in the hardware component; modules for performing various functions may also be considered to be both software programs for performing the methods and structures within hardware components.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A hole position precision measurement and evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: when point and line elements are measured, a close fit pin of a measuring point cone is inserted into a close fit pin hole of a measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and an opening of the point measuring tool combination faces an operator;
step S2: measuring points on the scribing line to obtain point coordinates on the scribing line;
step S3: establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using a reference in a design drawing;
step S4: evaluating hole position accuracy;
step S5: and calculating the rotation angle and the coordinate translation amount.
2. The method for precisely measuring and evaluating the position of a hole according to claim 1, wherein the step S1:
the parallel support legs of the base are attached to the peripheral plane of the measured point, and the cone point of the measured point cone is aligned to the measured point;
when the scribing line is positioned on the side surface, the parallel supporting feet of the base are ensured to be more than 1/3 and abut against the end surface, and the conical point is aligned with one end of the scribing line;
the step S2:
when measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on a measuring hole, enabling a prism surface to face a laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, inserting a cylinder of the target seat into the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points;
when measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: measuring the center of a measuring hole of the measuring point cone; or a measuring pin with a central conical point is inserted into the measuring hole, and the center of the central conical point is taken by using a measuring head; or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a taper hole, namely a central taper point; and (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
3. The method for precisely measuring and evaluating the hole position according to claim 2, wherein the step S3:
projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn)；
Determining a Z coordinate direction by using the end face normal direction, taking the direction of the workpiece projection central point pointing to a point on the specified marking reference as an X coordinate direction, and setting the circle center at the workpiece projection central point; when there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
4. The method for precisely measuring and evaluating the hole position according to claim 3, wherein the step S4:
under the same coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinates (x) are actually measured on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Performing rotation and translation calculation to obtain two-dimensional coordinates (x) of each optimized point1ˊ，y1ˊ)、(x2ˊ，y2ˊ)……(xnˊ，yn'); subtracting the optimized two-dimensional coordinates of the points from the corresponding theoretical coordinates to obtain the coordinate difference (delta x) of each point1，Δy1)、(Δx2，Δy2)……(Δxn，Δyn) And calculating the two-dimensional distance (d) between each optimized point and the corresponding theoretical point by using Pythagorean theorem1、d2、......dn) The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the angle of rotation, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnN is the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point, and n is the number of each point.
5. The method for precisely measuring and evaluating the position of a hole according to claim 1, wherein the step S5:
using software to program and calculate the rotation angle theta and translation x of the measured value and the theoretical value under the optimum matching state0，y0. The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
Setting the step value of the rotation angle according to the hole position tolerance requirement: 1/4 where the step value is set to be less than or equal to the tolerance;
setting an adjusting range: setting an adjusting range according to measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of coordinate deviation, converting the maximum deviation of the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, and then setting the adjusting range of the rotation angle to be +/-alpha, and when the adjusting range is not the integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values exist for the two-dimensional distance, and the coordinate (x) is actually measuredn，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3), calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances, and calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)11、d21、......dn1)、(d12、d22、......dn2)……(d1i、d2i、......dni) And obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimaxComparing i pieces of dimaxGet dimaxA set of values having the smallest value as an optimal solution, and (theta) of the optimal solution is obtainedx、x0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1x、d2x、......dnx) Recording the maximum value in the array as the judgment holeAnd (5) solving the position degree.
6. A hole location precision measurement and assessment system, comprising:
module S1: when point and line elements are measured, a close fit pin of a measuring point cone is inserted into a close fit pin hole of a measuring point base to form a point measuring tool combination, the point measuring tool combination is placed above a measured point, and an opening of the point measuring tool combination faces an operator;
module S2: measuring points on the scribing line to obtain point coordinates on the scribing line;
module S3: establishing a workpiece coordinate system by using a reference in a design drawing;
module S4: evaluating hole position accuracy;
module S5: and calculating the rotation angle and the coordinate translation amount.
7. The hole position precision measuring and evaluating system according to claim 6, wherein said module S1:
the parallel support legs of the base are attached to the peripheral plane of the measured point, and the cone point of the measured point cone is aligned to the measured point;
when the scribing line is positioned on the side surface, the parallel supporting feet of the base are ensured to be more than 1/3 and abut against the end surface, and the conical point is aligned with one end of the scribing line;
the module S2:
when measured using a laser tracker: directly placing a target ball for measurement on a measuring hole, enabling a prism surface to face a laser tracker, or using a special cylindrical target seat of the target ball matched with the diameter of the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, inserting a cylinder of the target seat into the measuring hole of the measuring point cone, and placing the target ball on the special cylindrical target seat to finish measuring and taking points;
when measuring with a portable stylus such as an articulated arm measuring machine, a hand-held measuring pen, etc.: measuring the center of a measuring hole of the measuring point cone; or a measuring pin with a central conical point is inserted into the measuring hole, and the center of the central conical point is taken by using a measuring head; or the measuring hole of the measuring point cone is changed into a taper hole, namely a central taper point; and (4) measuring the hole positions of the end surface holes by using large-size measuring equipment to obtain the central coordinate values of all the holes.
8. The hole position precision measuring and evaluating system according to claim 7, wherein said module S3:
projecting the measured hole center coordinates and point coordinates to the end face to obtain the measured two-dimensional coordinate values (x) of each scribing point and hole center on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Corresponding theoretical coordinate value (X)1，Y1)、(X2，Y2)……(Xn，Yn)；
Determining a Z coordinate direction by using the end face normal direction, taking the direction of the workpiece projection central point pointing to a point on the specified marking reference as an X coordinate direction, and setting the circle center at the workpiece projection central point; when there is no designated reference, an arbitrary point or hole can be pointed as the X coordinate direction.
9. The hole position precision measuring and evaluating system according to claim 8, wherein said module S4:
under the same coordinate system, two-dimensional coordinates (x) are actually measured on the end face1，y1)、(x2，y2)……(xn，yn) Performing rotation and translation calculation to obtain two-dimensional coordinates (x) of each optimized point1ˊ，y1ˊ)、(x2ˊ，y2ˊ)……(xnˊ，yn'); subtracting the optimized two-dimensional coordinates of the points from the corresponding theoretical coordinates to obtain the coordinate difference (delta x) of each point1，Δy1)、(Δx2，Δy2)……(Δxn，Δyn) And calculating the two-dimensional distance (d) between each optimized point and the corresponding theoretical point by using Pythagorean theorem1、d2、......dn). The calculation formulas are as follows:
where θ is the angle of rotation, x0，y0As X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values, (X)n，yn) Is measured coordinate value (X)n，Yn) Is the corresponding theoretical coordinate value, (x)nˊ，yn' is a two-dimensional coordinate value after rotation and translation, (Δ x)n，Δyn) For the difference between the measured and theoretical coordinates in the corresponding direction, dnN is the two-dimensional distance of the corresponding point, and n is the number of each point.
10. The hole position precision measuring and evaluating system according to claim 6, wherein said module S5:
using software to program and calculate the rotation angle theta and translation x of the measured value and the theoretical value under the optimum matching state0，y0. The method comprises the following steps:
calculating the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate translation values X0，y0：
Setting the step value of the rotation angle according to the hole position tolerance requirement: 1/4 where the step value is set to be less than or equal to the tolerance;
setting an adjusting range: setting an adjusting range according to measurement experience, wherein the set adjusting range needs to cover the maximum value of coordinate deviation, converting the maximum deviation of the measured coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the corresponding hole into an angle alpha under the same coordinate system, and then setting the adjusting range of the rotation angle to be +/-alpha, and when the adjusting range is not the integral multiple of the stepping value, taking the integral multiple of the larger stepping value as the adjusting range;
calculating an optimal solution: if i rotation angle fine values are obtained by integer multiples of the set step value within the adjustment range, i groups of values exist for the two-dimensional distance, and the coordinate (x) is actually measuredn，yn) For the initial position of the adjustment, the subdivision values theta and (x) of the rotation angle are used0，y0) Substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3), calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances, and calculating to obtain i groups of two-dimensional distances (d)11、d21、......dn1)、(d12、d22、......dn2)……(d1i、d2i、......dni) And obtaining the maximum distance d in each group of distance valuesimaxComparing i pieces of dimaxGet dimaxA set of values having the smallest value as an optimal solution, and (theta) of the optimal solution is obtainedx、x0、y0) And distance array (d) of the set1x、d2x、......dnx) And recording the maximum value in the array as a solution for judging the hole position degree.
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| CN113983980A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-01-28 | 济宁市中蒜网络科技有限公司 | Automatic measuring and judging method and system for shape and position dimensions of high-temperature-resistant material tray |
| CN116793222A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-09-22 | 兰州天瑞测绘工程有限公司 | Target for close-range photogrammetry and use method |
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| CN116793222B (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-10-17 | 兰州天瑞测绘工程有限公司 | Target for close-range photogrammetry and use method |
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