CN111970302B - Construction equipment authority management method and system - Google Patents
Construction equipment authority management method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111970302B CN111970302B CN202010878733.0A CN202010878733A CN111970302B CN 111970302 B CN111970302 B CN 111970302B CN 202010878733 A CN202010878733 A CN 202010878733A CN 111970302 B CN111970302 B CN 111970302B
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- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
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- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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Abstract
A construction equipment authority management method is characterized in that by means of the Internet of things and a block chain, an intelligent contract is used for verifying the access authority of a person to mechanical equipment, transparent access and traceable access records of the mechanical equipment are achieved, and therefore the construction safety problem of conflict between machinery and people in construction is effectively solved. A construction equipment authority management system for realizing the construction equipment authority management method comprises an intelligent terminal, an Internet of things cloud server and a block chain, wherein the intelligent terminal is installed on construction equipment, the access authority of an intelligent contract verifier to mechanical equipment is used, transparent access and traceable access records of the mechanical equipment are realized, and therefore the construction safety problem of mechanical and human conflict in construction is effectively solved. The invention effectively ensures the legality of personnel accessing the mechanical equipment, prevents irrelevant personnel from approaching and operating the mechanical equipment, effectively ensures the construction safety, and can effectively carry out access tracing, access authority safety management and the like by storing all access records into the block chain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of equipment engineering, and relates to an equipment authority management system and method, in particular to an authority management system and method of traffic engineering construction equipment.
Background
In the construction operation process of major traffic engineering such as roads, bridges, tunnels and the like, the use and management authority of construction machinery equipment mainly depends on the restriction of regulations and regulations, and uncontrollable complex factors such as artificial subjectivity, randomness and the like have negative effects, so that the management effect of the construction equipment and operators is severely limited. The construction equipment of traffic engineering refers to a general name of all mechanical equipment needed in construction and maintenance of traffic engineering such as roads, railways, airports and the like, such as large-scale mechanical equipment such as pavers, road rollers, bridge cranes, beam trucks, cranes, shield machines, excavators, bulldozers, scrapers, loaders, rebar cutters, rebar benders and the like. As the mechanical equipment is illegally operated by persons without qualification, irrelevant persons enter a high-risk construction area, the mechanical equipment does not have a professional qualification organization, is detected and qualified and obtains a safe use certificate, and the like, the construction accidents such as clamping, collision, shearing, rolling, collision and the like caused by illegal construction operation account for a very high proportion of all the construction accidents, therefore, a more scientific and practical and effective technical method is needed to manage the authority of the high-risk traffic engineering construction equipment, so that a point-to-point trust mechanism is constructed among the construction equipment, users and managers, the use information can be transmitted and presented to a specific group in real time and fully dynamically, and at the moment, the dynamic management and control of construction equipment and personnel become a trend and necessity by applying a big data mining technology, a block chain, an artificial intelligence driving technology, an intelligent perception technology, an internet communication technology, a 5G and Beidou system informatization technical means and a management method.
The blockchain is a credible system which is constructed for the first time in human history, and the essence and the core of the blockchain are to improve the scientific control level of each dimension. The distributed key management technology based on the distributed block chain structure can ensure the safety of the information interaction of the participating objects. The block chain is used as an integrated new system of a plurality of technologies such as a point-to-point network, cryptography, a consensus mechanism, an intelligent contract and the like, provides a trusted channel for information and value transfer exchange in an untrusted network, and is integrated into one of core emerging informatization technologies under the background of 'new infrastructure' by means of a unique trust establishment mechanism and cross innovation with new technologies and new applications such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of things and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a construction equipment authority management system and a construction equipment authority management method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a construction equipment authority management method is characterized in that by means of the Internet of things and a block chain, an intelligent contract is used for verifying the access authority of a person to mechanical equipment, transparent access and traceable access records of the mechanical equipment are achieved, and therefore the construction safety problem of conflict between machinery and people in construction is effectively solved.
Further, the construction equipment authority management method relates to a construction equipment authority verification and recording method, and comprises the following steps: (1) detecting whether a person approaches the construction equipment; if a person approaches the construction equipment, identifying the identity information of the person, judging the authority of the person relative to the construction equipment and carrying out corresponding operation; (2) and if no valid identity information is recognized, a warning is given.
In the step (1), if the identity information is recognized, checking whether the identity information is stored identity information which passes verification, and if so, skipping the re-verification; otherwise, the related data is transmitted to the internet of things, specifically, for example, the related data is transmitted to a cloud server of the internet of things.
Optionally, in the step (1), whether a person approaches is detected through a sensor; the method comprises the steps that marks containing identity information are preset on constructors, and the marks on the adjacent constructors are read through an identity information reader.
Optionally, the manner of issuing the warning in step (2) is: sending out a fixed-format warning at intervals of T1, and continuously trying to identify identity information at intervals of T2; if valid identity information is not read after the time T3, a loud and rapid buzzing warning is given.
The related data includes time, satellite positioning position, the number of the construction equipment and the like.
The management personnel can check and analyze illegal access and legal access records after a period of time and take warning measures for the illegal access personnel in a long term.
A construction equipment authority management system for realizing the construction equipment authority management method comprises an intelligent terminal, an Internet of things cloud server and a block chain, wherein the intelligent terminal, the Internet of things cloud server and the block chain are installed on construction equipment, the access authority of an intelligent contract verifier to mechanical equipment is used, transparent access and traceable access records of the mechanical equipment are realized, and therefore the construction safety problem of mechanical and human conflict in construction is effectively solved.
Furthermore, the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment comprises a micro control unit, an identity information reader, a human body sensor, a satellite positioning chip, an alarm, a relay and a communication module; the intelligent terminal is used for detecting whether a person is close to the machine through the human body sensor, if the person is close to the machine, reading a mark containing identity information preset on the human body through the identity information reader, and then transmitting the equipment number, the label and the satellite positioning to the Internet of things cloud server through the communication module.
The cloud server of the Internet of things is a host deployed on a cloud platform of the Internet of things and comprises an App running a block chain client; and the Internet of things cloud server is used for receiving the equipment number of the intelligent terminal, the mark of the identity information and the satellite positioning information and interacting with the block chain network.
The block chain network comprises a five-layer structure, which is sequentially as follows:
the data layer is configured to be recorded data of the access of personnel to the equipment and the verification result, and decentralized distributed storage data is adopted;
a network layer configured to provide a data transmission channel for the nodes of each cloud server host among each other by using a P2P point-to-point transmission protocol and an authentication mechanism;
the consensus layer is configured to utilize a distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update transaction data, ensure that each cloud server host node verifies the reasonability of the transaction record of the personnel access equipment according to the consensus algorithm, and write the transaction record into the block chain after consensus is achieved;
a contract layer configured to encapsulate the intelligent contract such that individuals accessing the blockchain execute the operating instructions of the intelligent contract in an orderly manner according to the contract;
and the application layer is configured to encapsulate various application scenes and cases of the block chain.
Optionally, the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical device includes a micro control unit, an RFID reader, a human body infrared sensor, a beidou positioning chip, a buzzer alarm, a relay, and an NB-IoT communication module. The intelligent terminal is used for detecting whether a person approaches the machine through the human body infrared sensor, if so, the RFID reader reads the RFID tag on the safety helmet, and then the NB-IoT communication module is used for transmitting the equipment number, the RFID tag and the Beidou satellite positioning to the Internet of things cloud server.
The cloud server of the internet of things is a host deployed on a cloud platform of the internet of things and comprises an App running a block chain client. And the Internet of things cloud server is used for receiving information such as the equipment number, the RFID label and the Beidou positioning of the intelligent terminal and interacting with the block chain network.
The blocks of the block chain contain access records of personnel to construction equipment, including data information such as personnel RFID, access time, equipment numbers, Beidou positioning positions, access results and the like, the blocks are advanced according to a time linear sequence to form an irreversible chain, each regional block covers a hash value of the previous block, the blocks are connected according to the time sequence through the method, and the data information is verified not to be tampered.
The blockchain also includes intelligent contracts stored and run on the blockchain, one intelligent contract being a set of numerically defined commitments, including agreements on which contract participants can execute the commitments. The intelligent contract defines the terms of transaction verification of personnel access to the mechanical equipment, if the identity of a specific personnel has no access right to a certain mechanical equipment, the result of the contract operation is access refusal, and the blockchain network broadcasts the transaction accessed by the mechanical equipment.
The invention also provides a construction equipment authority verification and recording method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment, and detecting whether a person approaches through the human body infrared sensor; if someone approaches the mechanical equipment, trying to read the RFID on the safety helmet of the approaching person through an RFID reader, if not, sending out a warning of two long and one short every 10 seconds, and continuously trying to read every 3 seconds; if the RFID label information is not read after 30 seconds, a loud and rapid buzzing alarm is given. On the other hand, if the RFID label is read, firstly checking whether the RFID label is a label which is already stored in the storage of the intelligent terminal and passes the verification, and if so, skipping the re-verification; otherwise, the data such as time, Beidou positioning, the number of the local mechanical equipment and the like are transmitted to the Internet of things cloud server through the NB-IoT communication module.
S2, the cloud server of the Internet of things runs an App, and the App can interact with the blockchain through the blockchain client. When the App receives the RFID label, the mechanical equipment number, the time and the Beidou positioning data information from the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment, a new transaction is established by using the block chain client, a digital signature is signed for the transaction by using the private key, and the digital signature is attached to the end of the information to manufacture a transaction list.
S3, the construction of the new transaction triggers an intelligent contract that defines the role of personnel and the authority for a particular piece of machinery. The intelligent contract verifies the submitted transaction data, and the returned result of the verification is the specific authority of the RFID personnel on the mechanical equipment.
S4, the verification result is transmitted through the network, the block record is broadcasted in the whole network, and other nodes in the whole network check the block, namely, the correctness of the block accounting is checked; writing accounts to form a block chain, and under the condition that more than half of nodes achieve consensus, competing the next block after the legal block to form a block chain for legal accounting; in the event that more than half of the consultation nodes do not agree, the block chain is cancelled.
And S5, the Internet of things cloud server acquires the transaction result through the block chain client, analyzes the transaction result to obtain the authority of the personnel corresponding to the RFID tag on the mechanical equipment, and replies the authority to the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment through NB-IoT.
S6, the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment receives the verification result through NB-IoT, if the personnel has operation authority on the mechanical equipment, the relay is triggered, the protective door of the mechanical equipment is opened, and the personnel is allowed to operate the equipment; if the person only has access right to the mechanical equipment, the relay is not triggered to open the door, and the person is only allowed to observe the equipment; if the person has no authority to the mechanical device, a sudden and loud beep is made to alarm, preferably, an alarm of the safety precaution platform is triggered. The intelligent terminal will also store the verified RFID in local storage so that the next time the RFID tag is scanned again at step S1, it will not submit the blockchain verification again.
And S7, as a construction manager, the illegal access and legal access records after a period of time can be checked and analyzed through the Internet of things cloud server, and warning measures are taken for the illegal access personnel in a long term.
S8, as a construction manager, the cloud server of the Internet of things is used for operating an App to call a block chain client to update an intelligent contract, the intelligent contract cannot be directly changed, only the changed new version intelligent contract can be uploaded to the block chain, and the intelligent contract is distinguished according to the version number during calling.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
a construction equipment authority management system fully utilizes an RFID tag and an RFID reader to read the serial number of a person, then the serial number is transmitted through an NB-IoT network, a block chain client is operated with the help of an Internet of things cloud server to construct a transaction, an operation intelligent contract is triggered, the legality of the person on construction equipment is verified, the result is stored in a block chain as part of the transaction, and accordingly, a mechanical equipment intelligent terminal utilizes a relay to open a door or buzz for warning. The system effectively ensures the legality of personnel accessing the mechanical equipment, prevents irrelevant personnel from approaching and operating the mechanical equipment, effectively ensures construction safety, stores all access records into a block chain, can effectively perform access traceability, access authority safety management and the like, further has the advantages that the information issuing process of all accesses is fair and fair, the issuing result is public and can not be falsified, the occurrence of information isolated islands is avoided, and the safety of equipment operation management can be greatly improved under the supervision and assistance of multiple parties.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the intelligent terminal assembly on the mechanical device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a five-layer structure diagram of the blockchain network of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block chain data block storage diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the smart terminal mounted on the mechanical device for reading the RFID card according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a block chain verification and storage flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of data encryption according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the consensus process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a construction equipment authority management system which comprises plates, such as an intelligent terminal, an Internet of things cloud server, a block chain and the like, which are arranged on mechanical equipment; the intelligent terminal comprises a micro control unit, an RFID reader, a human body infrared sensor, a Beidou positioning chip, a buzzer alarm, a relay and an NB-IoT communication module; the cloud server of the Internet of things is a host deployed on a cloud platform of the Internet of things and comprises an App running a block chain client; the blocks of the block chain contain access records of personnel to the construction equipment, including personnel RFID, access time, equipment numbers, Beidou positioning positions, access results and the like. The system fully utilizes the RFID tag and the RFID reader to read the serial number of a person, then the serial number is transmitted through an NB-IoT network, a block chain client is operated with the help of an Internet of things cloud server to construct a transaction, an intelligent contract is triggered to operate, the legality of the person on construction equipment is verified, the result is stored in the block chain as a part of the transaction, and accordingly, the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment utilizes a relay to open a door or buzz to warn.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the flow charts and examples of the present invention.
The invention provides a construction equipment authority management system, which comprises an intelligent terminal, an Internet of things cloud server and a block chain, wherein the intelligent terminal is installed on mechanical equipment, and the block chain comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment comprises a micro control unit, an RFID reader, a human body infrared sensor, a Beidou positioning chip, a buzzer alarm, a relay and an NB-IoT communication module, and is shown in figure 2. The intelligent terminal is used for detecting whether a person approaches to the machine or not through the human body infrared sensor, if so, the RFID reader reads the RFID tag on the safety helmet, and then the NB-IoT communication module is used for transmitting the equipment number, the RFID tag and the Beidou positioning to the Internet of things cloud server.
Specifically, the intelligent terminal is installed and fixed at a place close to an electronic access control on mechanical equipment (such as a crane, an excavator and the like), when a verification passing signal of the intelligent terminal is received, a long-open contact of a relay of the intelligent terminal is opened, and an operator can open the electronic door.
Specifically, an RFID tag is fixed to the helmet, and a number (e.g., sh001) representing the person is written in advance to the RFID tag.
The cloud platform of the internet of things is a cloud platform customized for the internet of things, the cloud server of the internet of things is a host deployed on the cloud platform of the internet of things, and the cloud server in the example comprises an App running a block chain client. The Internet of things cloud server is used for receiving information such as the equipment number, the RFID label and the Beidou positioning of the intelligent terminal and interacting with the block chain network through NB-IOT.
The NB-IoT is constructed in a cellular network, only consumes about 180kHz bandwidth, can be directly deployed in a GSM network, a UMTS network or an LTE network, and realizes network interconnection at lower cost. The NB-IoT focuses on the low power wide coverage (LPWA) Internet of things (IoT) market, and has the characteristics of wide coverage, many connections, low speed, low cost, low power consumption, excellent architecture and the like. The technology enables various devices to realize network connection at low cost.
In this embodiment, the block chain network includes a five-layer structure, and in combination with this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the following are performed in sequence:
the data layer is configured to be recorded data of the access of personnel to the equipment and the verification result, and decentralized distributed storage data is adopted;
a network layer configured to provide a data transmission channel for the nodes of each cloud server host among each other by using a P2P point-to-point transmission protocol and an authentication mechanism;
the consensus layer is configured to utilize a distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update transaction data, ensure that each cloud server host node verifies the reasonability of the transaction record of the personnel access equipment according to the consensus algorithm, and write the transaction record into the block chain after consensus is achieved;
the contract layer is configured to encapsulate the intelligent contract, so that the individual accessing the block chain executes the operation instruction of the intelligent contract in order according to the contract, and in the embodiment, the intelligent contract is configured to automatically verify the access right and return a verification result;
the application layer is configured to encapsulate various application scenarios and cases of the block chain, for example, the application layer is an application example for providing authority verification and access record storage for large equipment in engineering construction.
Specifically, a tile is a data structure that records transactions. Taking the data of this embodiment as an example, as shown in fig. 4, each block is composed of a block header and a block body:
and block head storage: (1) the version number marks the relevant version information of software and protocol; (2) parent block hash value, namely hash value of the head of a parent block in a quoted block chain, and each block is connected end to end through the hash value to form the block chain; (3) the top hash value of the Mercker tree is a numerical value calculated by hashing the hash values of all transactions in the block main body step by step, and the top hash value of the Mercker tree is mainly used for checking whether one transaction exists in the block; (4) and the time stamp records the time generated by the block to the accuracy of seconds.
The block main body stores transaction information, the transaction information comprises personnel access records to construction equipment, the personnel access records comprise personnel RFID, access time, equipment numbers, Beidou positioning positions, access results and the like, blocks are pushed in a time line sequence to form an irreversible chain, each regional block covers a hash value of the previous block, the blocks are connected according to the time sequence through the method, and the verification data information is not tampered.
The blockchain also includes intelligent contracts stored and run on the blockchain, one intelligent contract being a set of numerically defined commitments, including agreements on which contract participants can execute the commitments. Each node on the blockchain stores an intelligent contract on the running blockchain. When a device access request from a cloud server is transmitted to a node of a block chain, the data of the access request is recorded on a transaction record corresponding to the node and simultaneously transmitted to a corresponding intelligent contract to be operated, and the code on the intelligent contract updates the data of the intelligent contract.
A method for managing a transaction verification contract includes constructing and deploying a transaction verification smart contract onto a blockchain network, the smart contract specifying terms of the transaction verification contract, the smart contract including computer-executed code generated in accordance with the terms of the transaction verification contract.
The intelligent contract defines the terms of transaction verification of access of personnel to mechanical equipment, if the specific personnel identity has no access authority to certain mechanical equipment, the result of contract operation is that the access authority is not required and refused, and the block chain network broadcasts the transaction accessed by the mechanical equipment.
Specifically, taking the present embodiment as an example, the intelligent contract terms may specify the following rules:
personnel identity (Crane operator), equipment number (Crane 001), authority (operation)
Personnel identity (security officer), equipment number (loop wheel machine 001), authority (observation)
Personnel identity (crane operator), equipment number (crane 001), authority (operation)
The embodiment also provides an intelligent contract developed based on the solid language, and the pseudo code is as follows:
further, the intelligent contract generation module is for constructing a rights check intelligent contract and deploying the intelligent contract onto a blockchain network, the intelligent contract specifying terms of a rights check contract, the intelligent contract including computer-executed code generated in accordance with the terms of the rights check contract;
in one embodiment, the intelligent contract change module is further included, the intelligent contract is not falsifiable once being deployed on the blockchain, the program of the intelligent contract cannot be modified, and the intelligent contract can be called by the version number. Assuming that the initial version is v1, if the version is modified, we will deploy a new version v2, and when called, declare that the latest version is called. In this embodiment, the personnel work is mobilized, the crane operation authority of a certain personnel is cancelled, then the crane operation authority is added, then a new authority table of the personnel is written in a new intelligent contract, and then a new version is deployed to the blockchain network.
The invention also provides a construction equipment authority verification and recording method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment, and detecting whether a person approaches the intelligent terminal through the human body infrared sensor; if someone approaches the mechanical equipment, trying to read the RFID on the safety helmet of the approaching person through an RFID reader, if not, sending out a warning of two long and one short every 10 seconds, and continuously trying to read every 3 seconds; and if the RFID label information is not read after 30 seconds, a loud and rapid buzzing alarm is given. On the other hand, if the RFID label is read, firstly checking whether the RFID label is a label which is already stored in the storage of the intelligent terminal and passes the verification, and if so, skipping the re-verification; otherwise, data such as time, Beidou positioning, the number of the local mechanical equipment, the personnel number read by the RFID and the like are transmitted to the Internet of things cloud server through the NB-IoT communication module.
Further, if after a period of time, such as 30 seconds, the personnel continuously approach the mechanical equipment and continuously do not recognize the RFID, a loud and rapid buzzing warning is sent to warn and warn to ensure that surrounding personnel can be aware of danger, the warning information is preferably connected to the construction safety management early warning platform, and all-directional early warning and emergency management and control are carried out.
Further, if the identified RFID is already a number already stored in the storage of the smart terminal, it indicates that the person has passed the verification and is now identified again, so the following verification process can be skipped, as shown in fig. 5.
And S2, the cloud server of the Internet of things runs an App, and the App can interact with the blockchain through the blockchain client. When the App receives the RFID tag, the mechanical equipment number, the time and the Beidou positioning data from the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment, a new transaction is established by using the block chain client, and further, the following steps are sequentially carried out: triggering the intelligent contract verification, storing the verification result in the block chain, transmitting the verification result back to the intelligent terminal, and allowing the intelligent terminal to obtain the permission for operation, as shown in fig. 6.
As shown in fig. 7, a digital signature is signed to the transaction by using a private key, and the digital signature is attached to the end of the information to make a transaction list.
In particular, examples of encryption methods for transaction data include, but are not limited to, symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption, homomorphic encryption, and the like. Symmetric encryption may use a single key for both the encryption process of encrypting data (generating ciphertext from plaintext) and decrypting data (generating plaintext from ciphertext). In symmetric encryption, multiple nodes may have the same key, so each node may encrypt/decrypt transaction data.
Asymmetric encryption may use a key pair to encrypt transaction data. Specifically, as shown in the embodiment of fig. 7, the transaction data record may encrypt the transaction data using a public key of a public/private key pair of one node in the cloud server, then digitally sign the encrypted transaction data using a private key of the public/private key pair, and send the digitally signed encrypted data to the consensus node in the block chain, where the consensus node decrypts and verifies the encrypted data using the public key of the public/private key pair of one node in the cloud server, and records the encrypted data on the block chain after the consensus node agrees. In this case, after obtaining the encrypted transaction data from the blockchain, the transaction data application party may decrypt the encrypted transaction data by using its own private key, thereby obtaining the plaintext data of the transaction data.
S3, the construction of the new transaction triggers an intelligent contract that defines the role of personnel and the authority for a particular piece of machinery. The intelligent contract verifies the submitted transaction data, and the returned result of the verification is the specific authority of the RFID personnel on the mechanical equipment.
Specifically, the RFID number and the device number data in the new transaction data are used as the input of an intelligent contract program, a specific corresponding authority is found by searching for a rule in an intelligent contract, and if the authority cannot be found, a null value is returned. For example, the authority of operation can be returned through the RFID number sh001 and the equipment number of the crane 001.
S4, the verification result is transmitted through the network, the block record is broadcasted in the whole network, and other nodes in the whole network check the block, namely, the correctness of the block accounting is checked; writing accounts to form a block chain, and under the condition that more than half of nodes achieve consensus, competing the next block after the legal block to form a block chain for legal accounting; in the event that more than half of the consultation nodes do not agree, the block chain is cancelled.
Specifically, the consensus layer uses a node consensus mechanism such as a Byzantine fault-tolerant mechanism to determine whether the transaction data meets the specification, so as to avoid executing error transaction data caused by hardware errors, network congestion or malicious attacks. As shown in fig. 8, the procedure of the byzantine consensus process includes: a request phase, a pre-preparation phase, a commit phase, and a reply phase.
(1) A request phase: the requesting node sends a REQUEST to master node 0 in the format < REQUEST, o, t, c >, where,
o is the specific operation requested;
t is the timestamp added by the client when requesting;
c: a client identifier;
REQUEST includes message content m and message digest d (m).
(2) And in the pre-preparation stage, the main node c receives the request of the client and needs to check whether the signature of the request message of the client is correct or not, and the illegal request is discarded. For correct requests, a number n is assigned, and the number n is mainly used for ordering the requests of the client. Then broadcasting a message with format < < PRE-PREPARE, v, n, d >, m >, wherein:
v: view numbering
Client message digest
m: message content
(3) And in the preparation stage, the replica node i receives the pre-preparation message of the main node, needs to be checked, and discards the illegal request. For a correct request replica node i, a message with the format of < PREPARE, v, n, d, i > is sent to other nodes including the primary node, v, n, d, m are the same as the content of the prepared message, and i is the current replica node number.
(4) A submission stage: and the main node and the replica node receive the preparation message and need to check, and the illegal request is discarded. If duplicate node i receives 2f +1 prefix messages that are validated, indicating that most nodes in the network have received the agreement information, then a message in the format < COMMIT, v, n, d, i > is sent to other nodes, including the master node, with v, n, d, i having the same content as the PREPARE phase message.
(5) A recovery stage: and the main node and the replica node receive the submitted message, need to be checked, and discard the illegal request. If the replica node i receives 2f +1 submission messages passing the verification, which indicates that most nodes in the current network have agreed, the request operation of the client is run, and a message with the format of < REPLY, v, t, c, i, r > is returned to the client. r: if the request operation result is that the client receives f +1 identical REPLY messages, the client-initiated request is proved to have reached the network-wide consensus.
And S5, the Internet of things cloud server acquires the transaction result through the block chain client, analyzes the transaction result to obtain the authority of the personnel corresponding to the RFID tag on the mechanical equipment, and replies the authority to the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment through NB-IoT.
S6, the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment receives the verification result through NB-IoT, if the personnel has operation authority on the mechanical equipment, the relay is triggered, and the personnel is allowed to open the operation of the electronic door of the mechanical equipment on the equipment; if the person only has access right to the mechanical equipment, the relay is not triggered to open the door, and the person is only allowed to observe the equipment; if the person has no authority to the mechanical equipment, a sudden and loud beep is made to give an alarm.
Further, the smart terminal may store the verified RFID in local storage so that the next time the RFID tag is scanned again at step S1, it is not required to submit the blockchain verification again.
S7, as a construction manager, the illegal access and legal access records after a period of time can be checked and analyzed through the Internet of things cloud server, warning measures are taken for the illegal access personnel for a long time, and improvement measures are provided for the safe access of equipment operation.
S8, as a construction manager, an App can be operated to call a block chain client through the cloud server of the Internet of things to update an intelligent contract, the intelligent contract cannot be directly changed, but the changed new version intelligent contract can be uploaded to the block chain, and the intelligent contract is distinguished according to the version number during calling.
Through the application of the embodiment in certain bridge construction engineering, the authority verification access of the personnel to the girder lifting machine and the crane can be rapidly completed within 5 seconds, the door is opened through the electronic door, and the personnel illegally approaching the equipment is warned by buzzing sound, so that the danger caused by unnecessary contact between irrelevant personnel and the equipment is effectively prevented, and the safety problem caused by the conflict between more than 90% of people and the equipment can be prevented through implementation.
The system and the method of the invention are used for carrying out informatization management and control on the permission of the traffic engineering construction equipment, realizing transparent access and traceable access records of the construction mechanical equipment, constructing an informatization mechanism of dynamic management, and playing an important role in reducing safety accidents related to the traffic engineering construction equipment.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A construction equipment authority management method is characterized by comprising the following steps: by means of the Internet of things and the block chain, the access authority of an intelligent contract verifier to the mechanical equipment is verified, transparent access and traceable access records of the mechanical equipment are achieved, and therefore the construction safety problem of conflict between machinery and people in construction is effectively prevented;
the construction equipment authority verification and recording method comprises the following steps: (1) detecting whether a person approaches the construction equipment; if a person approaches the construction equipment, identifying the identity information of the person, judging the authority of the person relative to the construction equipment and carrying out corresponding operation; (2) if no effective identity information is identified, a warning is sent out;
in the step (1), if the identity information is recognized, checking whether the identity information is stored identity information which passes verification, and if so, skipping the re-verification; otherwise, transmitting relevant data to the Internet of things, wherein the relevant data comprises time, satellite positioning position and the construction equipment number; detecting whether a person approaches through a sensor in the step (1); the method comprises the steps that a mark containing identity information is preset on a constructor, and the mark on the adjacent constructor is read through an identity information reader; the cloud server of the Internet of things is a host deployed on a cloud platform of the Internet of things and comprises an App running a block chain client; the Internet of things cloud server is used for receiving the equipment number of the intelligent terminal, the mark of the identity information and the satellite positioning information and interacting with the block chain network; when the App receives the RFID label, the mechanical equipment number, the time and the Beidou positioning data information from the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment, a new transaction is constructed by using a block chain client, the construction of the new transaction can trigger an intelligent contract, the blocks are pushed in a time linear sequence to form an irreversible chain, each regional block covers the hash value of the previous block, the blocks are connected according to the time sequence by the method, and the verification data information is not tampered;
the warning sending mode in the step (2) is as follows: sending out a fixed-format warning at intervals of T1, and continuously trying to identify identity information at intervals of T2; if valid identity information is not read after the time T3, a loud and rapid buzzing warning is given.
2. The construction equipment authority management method according to claim 1, wherein: the management personnel can check and analyze illegal access and legal access records after a period of time and take warning measures for the illegal access personnel in a long term.
3. A construction equipment authority management system for realizing the construction equipment authority management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the system comprises an intelligent terminal, an Internet of things cloud server and a block chain, wherein the intelligent terminal is installed on the construction equipment, and the access authority of an intelligent contract verifier to the mechanical equipment is used for realizing transparent access and traceable access records of the mechanical equipment, so that the construction safety problem of conflict between machinery and people in construction is effectively prevented;
the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment comprises a micro control unit, an identity information reader, a human body sensor, a satellite positioning chip, an alarm, a relay and a communication module; the intelligent terminal is used for detecting whether a person approaches the machine through the human body sensor, if so, reading a mark containing identity information preset on the human body through an identity information reader, and then, positioning and transmitting an equipment number, a label and a satellite to the Internet of things cloud server through the communication module;
the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment comprises a micro control unit, an RFID reader, a human body infrared sensor, a Beidou positioning chip, a buzzer alarm, a relay and an NB-IoT communication module;
the cloud server of the Internet of things is a host deployed on a cloud platform of the Internet of things and comprises an App running a block chain client; the Internet of things cloud server is used for receiving the equipment number of the intelligent terminal, the mark of the identity information and the satellite positioning information and interacting with the block chain network;
the blocks of the block chain comprise personnel access records to construction equipment, wherein the personnel access records comprise personnel identity information, access time, equipment numbers, satellite positioning positions and access result data information, the blocks are pushed in a linear time sequence to form an irreversible chain, each regional block covers the hash value of the previous block, the blocks are connected in the time sequence by the means, and the verification data information is not tampered;
the blockchain further comprises intelligent contracts stored and run on the blockchain, one intelligent contract being a set of numerically defined commitments, including agreements on which contract participants can execute the commitments; the intelligent contract defines the terms of transaction verification of personnel access to a mechanical device, and if a specific personnel identity does not have access rights to a certain mechanical device, the contract operation results in access denial, and the blockchain network broadcasts the transaction accessed by the mechanical device.
4. The construction equipment authority management system according to claim 3, wherein: the block chain network comprises a five-layer structure, which is sequentially as follows:
the data layer is configured to be recorded data of the access of personnel to the equipment and the verification result, and decentralized distributed storage data is adopted;
a network layer configured to provide a data transmission channel for the nodes of each cloud server host among each other by using a P2P point-to-point transmission protocol and an authentication mechanism;
the consensus layer is configured to utilize a distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update transaction data, ensure that each cloud server host node verifies the reasonability of the transaction record of the personnel access equipment according to the consensus algorithm, and write the transaction record into the block chain after consensus is achieved;
a contract layer configured to encapsulate the intelligent contract such that individuals accessing the blockchain execute the operating instructions of the intelligent contract in an orderly manner according to the contract;
and the application layer is configured to encapsulate various application scenes and cases of the block chain.
5. The construction equipment authority management system according to claim 3, wherein the method of performing construction equipment authority verification and recording includes the steps of:
s1, starting the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment, and detecting whether a person approaches the intelligent terminal through the human body infrared sensor; if someone approaches the mechanical equipment, trying to read the RFID on the safety helmet of the approaching person through an RFID reader;
s2, the cloud server of the Internet of things runs an App, and the App can interact with the blockchain through the blockchain client;
s3, constructing a new transaction triggers an intelligent contract, and the intelligent contract defines the role of personnel and the authority of a specific mechanical device;
s4, the verification result is transmitted through the network, the block record is broadcasted in the whole network, and other nodes in the whole network check the block, namely, the correctness of block accounting is checked;
s5, the Internet of things cloud server obtains a transaction result through the block chain client, analyzes the transaction result to obtain the authority of the personnel corresponding to the identity information mark on the construction equipment, and replies the authority to the construction equipment intelligent terminal through the communication module;
s6, the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment receives the verification result through the communication module and performs corresponding operation according to the authority of the personnel relative to the construction equipment;
s7, a manager can operate the App to call the block chain client through the cloud server of the Internet of things to update the intelligent contract, the intelligent contract cannot be directly changed, only the changed new version intelligent contract can be uploaded to the block chain, and the intelligent contract is distinguished according to the version number during calling.
6. The construction equipment authority management system according to claim 5, wherein in step S1, the intelligent terminal installed on the mechanical equipment is turned on, and whether a person approaches the intelligent terminal is detected by the human body infrared sensor; if someone approaches the mechanical equipment, trying to read the RFID on the safety helmet of the approaching person through an RFID reader, if not, sending out a warning of two long and one short every 10 seconds, and continuously trying to read every 3 seconds; if the RFID label information is not read after 30 seconds, a loud and rapid buzzing warning is given; on the other hand, if the RFID label is read, firstly checking whether the RFID label is a label which is already stored in the storage of the intelligent terminal and passes the verification, and if so, skipping the re-verification; otherwise, the time, the Beidou positioning and the construction equipment number data are transmitted to an Internet of things cloud server through an NB-IoT communication module;
in step S2, when the App receives the RFID tag, the construction equipment number, the time, and the Beidou positioning data information from the intelligent terminal of the mechanical equipment, a new transaction is constructed by using the blockchain client, a digital signature is signed for the transaction by using the private key, and the digital signature is appended to the end of the information to make a transaction order;
in step S3, the intelligent contract verifies the submitted transaction data, and the returned result of the verification is the specific authority of the RFID personnel on the mechanical device;
in step S4, writing an account book to form a block chain, and when more than half of the nodes achieve consensus, competing for the next block after the legal block to form a block chain for legal accounting; under the condition that more than half of consultation nodes do not achieve consensus, canceling the formation of a block chain;
in step S6, the intelligent terminal of the mechanical device receives the verification result through NB-IoT, and if the person has an operation right to the mechanical device, the intelligent terminal of the mechanical device triggers the relay to open the protective door of the mechanical device, and allows the person to operate the device; if the person only has access right to the mechanical equipment, the relay is not triggered to open the door, and the person is only allowed to observe the equipment; if the personnel has no authority on the mechanical equipment, a sudden and loud beep is made to give an alarm, the alarm of the safety early warning platform is triggered, and the intelligent terminal stores the verified RFID in a local storage, so that the RFID label is not submitted to block chain verification again when being scanned again in the step S1 next time.
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