CN111859685B - Rapid generation method of infrared view of ship body - Google Patents

Rapid generation method of infrared view of ship body Download PDF

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CN111859685B
CN111859685B CN202010729758.4A CN202010729758A CN111859685B CN 111859685 B CN111859685 B CN 111859685B CN 202010729758 A CN202010729758 A CN 202010729758A CN 111859685 B CN111859685 B CN 111859685B
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CN111859685A (en
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王诚成
孙涛
王彦
王鑫
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Naval Aeronautical University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a rapid generation method of an infrared view of a ship body, which is characterized in that a temperature field engineering calculation model of typical ship body surface materials is established according to actual measurement data of the ship body surface temperature and meteorological conditions; generating a sense of reality of an infrared view on the surface of the ship body based on a texture mask generated by the visible light image, and establishing a database to store digital topography, texture of a material area and the texture mask; when the simulation system operates, the terrain and texture data in the database are called, the infrared radiance of the ship body is calculated based on the calculation result of the temperature field model in the GPU shader, and the ground infrared visual simulation is realized by adopting double texture mapping. The ground infrared vision generated by the method has the characteristics of strong sense of reality and small system overhead.

Description

Rapid generation method of infrared view of ship body
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid generation method of an infrared view of a ship body, and belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional modeling of the infrared view.
Background
In the existing infrared view Jing Sanwei modeling, the calculated amount of a ship surface temperature field theoretical model is large, and the radiance of the target surface is difficult to calculate in dynamic real-time simulation. The dynamic three-dimensional infrared visual simulation requires that the target model can dynamically change the infrared gray scale of the model surface according to the change of the environmental condition or the motion gesture of the target model. There are documents that use Openflight APIs to develop infrared plug-ins for three-dimensional models, and the infrared gray level of the model surface can be changed according to simulation needs. The Openflight API can change the attributes such as the gray level of the texture of the model file (. Flt file), but the current mainstream three-dimensional image engine loads the model file into the memory in advance during initialization, and then performs scene display and driving in frame cycle. Once the model is imported into memory, the texture properties of the model cannot be altered. Therefore, to use the Openflight API to realize the dynamic infrared effect of the model in the simulation, only the infrared gray scale of the model file can be changed outside the system, and then the model is imported into the system to update the old model. For a ship in motion, this will affect the dynamics of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for rapidly generating infrared vision of a ship body, aiming at the problem that the dynamic property of a system is influenced when a ship in motion is simulated in the existing infrared vision.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a rapid generation method of infrared vision of a ship body is characterized in that a temperature field engineering calculation model of typical ship body surface materials is established according to actual measurement data of ship body surface temperature and meteorological conditions; generating a sense of reality of an infrared view on the surface of the ship body based on a texture mask generated by the visible light image, and establishing a database to store digital topography, texture of a material area and the texture mask; when the simulation system operates, the terrain and texture data in the database are called, the infrared radiance of the ship body is calculated based on the calculation result of the temperature field model in the GPU shader, and the ground infrared visual simulation is realized by adopting double texture mapping. The ground infrared vision generated by the method has the characteristics of strong sense of reality and small system overhead.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can also make the following improvements for the technical scheme in order to achieve the convenience of use and the stability of equipment:
further, the database is established by taking solar irradiance, atmospheric irradiance, ocean irradiance, heat convection coefficients and bin temperatures as parameters according to the calculation results of the ship bin division and the temperature field, and a data sample set is established; each sample comprises solar irradiance, atmospheric irradiance, ocean irradiance, convective heat transfer coefficient and temperature data corresponding to one bin; the three-dimensional model-based surface was divided into 1741 grids, of which the hull 1602, the chimney 139, and the number of samples corresponding to the hull and the chimney were 1602 and 139, respectively.
Further, atmospheric irradiance and ocean irradiance are used as diffusion treatment, the radiance of the ship is calculated, and the atmospheric irradiance and the ocean irradiance are used as a variable in modeling; the formula A and the formula B respectively give numerical fitting models of temperature fields of ship hulls and chimney surface elements:
in the above two formulas, a, b, c, d and f are fitting coefficients, H a And H is s Convective heat transfer coefficients of air and flue gas, E ss Is the sum of irradiance of the sky and the ocean.
Further, based on the working band of the real infrared detector, and using the ship surface as a diffuser, the radiance of the ship surface finally reaching the detector can be calculated by the formula C:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for receiving the total radiance lambda of the ship by the infrared detector 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 Respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the working band of the detector, tau is the atmospheric transmittance, and +.>The diffuse reflectance of the material of the surface of the ship in the working band of the detector is used; />And->Irradiance of the sun, ocean, and sky, respectively, in the detector operating band.
Further, extracting texture coordinates and normals in the vertex shader, and calculating the included angle and convection coefficient between the normals of the surface element and the solar radiation rays; the transparency is transmitted to the patch shader as a variable to calculate the direct solar radiation of each patch; the statement to calculate the density is as follows:
float intensity=max(dot(LightPos,norm),0.0);
wherein norm is the normal vector of the bin, the direction vector of solar radiation is used as a consistent variable, and the vector is transmitted into the vertex shader by the main program;
in the vertex shader, the direction vector of solar radiation is converted into the view coordinate system using the following statement:
vec3 LightPos=vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix*LightPos);
the direction vector of the wind speed is also transmitted into a vertex shader by a main program, and is subjected to dot product with the normal vector of the surface element, the surface element arrangement mode is determined according to the dot product result, and then the convection coefficient is calculated;
the fragment shader mainly performs rendering of the surface texture gray of the model;
sea irradiance, sky irradiance, solar irradiance and atmospheric transmittance are used as consistent variables, and are transmitted into the fragment shader by the main program and updated in the callback functions of the fragment shader.
Further, the rendering flow of the fragment shader is as follows:
(1) Using a texture sampler to sample texture according to texture coordinates extracted from the vertex shader, and the statement is as follows:
vec4 sample1=texture2D(Image,gl_TexCoord[0]);
(2) Calculating the radiance of the ship surface according to a formula C;
(3) Rendering the gray level of the face pixel according to the mapping relation between the radiance and the gray level in the system; the statement is:
gl_FragColor=tao*vec4(R,G,B,1.0);
because the gray coloring is not directly supported in the shader, according to the mapping relation formula D of the image gray and RGB colors, the equivalent gray rendering can be realized by simultaneously endowing R, G, B with three color channels with the calculated gray values:
gray=0.3×r+0.59×g+0.11×b formula D,
in the above formula, gray is a Gray value.
The invention has the advantages that: the ground infrared vision is generated with stronger sense of reality and smaller system overhead.
Drawings
The shader of fig. 1 renders a pipeline.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
According to the actual measurement data of the surface temperature and meteorological conditions of the ship body, a temperature field engineering calculation model of typical ship body surface materials is established; generating a sense of reality of an infrared view on the surface of the ship body based on a texture mask generated by the visible light image, and establishing a database to store digital topography, texture of a material area and the texture mask; when the simulation system operates, the terrain and texture data in the database are called, the infrared radiance of the ship body is calculated based on the calculation result of the temperature field model in the GPU shader, and the ground infrared visual simulation is realized by adopting double texture mapping.
The ship surface infrared radiance engineering calculation model comprises the following steps:
the calculated amount of the ship surface temperature field theoretical model is large, and the radiance of the target surface is difficult to calculate in dynamic real-time simulation. According to the infrared theory, when the infrared characteristics of the target material are known, the steady-state temperature field of the surface of the ship is the result of the combined effect of the radiation heat transfer and the heat exchange of the surface of the ship. Therefore, when the material of the ship is determined, the temperature of the surface of the object can be considered to have a certain mapping relation with the radiation receiving and heat exchanging effects.
According to the calculation results of the ship surface element division and the temperature field, a data sample set is established by taking solar irradiance, atmospheric irradiance, ocean irradiance, convection heat transfer coefficient and surface element temperature as parameters. Each sample contains solar irradiance, atmospheric irradiance, ocean irradiance, convective heat transfer coefficient, and temperature data for one bin. Since the three-dimensional model-based surface is divided into 1741 grids, of which the ship's hull is 1602 and the chimney is 139, the number of samples corresponding to the ship's hull and the chimney is 1602 and 139, respectively.
According to the data set, solar irradiance, atmospheric irradiance, ocean irradiance and flow heat exchange coefficient are taken as independent variables, and a mathematical fitting model of the surface element temperature is established by adopting a multivariate fitting algorithm. Both atmospheric and marine radiation can be treated as diffusion when calculating the emittance of the ship. Therefore, to facilitate the simulation calculation, we use them as a variable in modeling. The formula A and the formula B respectively give numerical fitting models of temperature fields of the ship body and the chimney surface element.
In the above two formulas, a, b, c, d and f are fitting coefficients, H a And H is s Air and flue gas respectivelyConvection heat transfer coefficient of E ss Is the sum of irradiance of the sky and the ocean. The fitting coefficients of the model are shown in table 1. The intrinsic emittance of the bin can be calculated from the temperature of the bin.
TABLE 1 fitting coefficients of temperature field models
Tab.1 Fitting coefficient of temperature field model
Considering the working band of a real infrared detector, and taking the surface of a ship as a diffuser, the radiance of the surface of the ship finally reaching the detector can be calculated by a formula C according to the lambert law.
In the above-mentioned method, the step of,the total radiance of the ship received by the infrared detector. Lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 Respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the working band of the detector, tau is the atmospheric transmittance, and +.>The diffuse reflectance of the material on the surface of the ship in the working band of the detector is obtained. />And->Irradiance of the sun, ocean, and sky, respectively, in the detector operating band can be calculated from planck's law.
Three-dimensional dynamic infrared visual simulation of ships:
and a Shader (loader) based on GLSL language is introduced, so that the problem of dynamic infrared simulation of the target is solved well. The GLSL shader is based on GPU operation, has high graphics rendering efficiency, not only can save CPU resources, but also most three-dimensional image engines (such as OpenGL, OSG and the like) provide good support for the GLSL shader. The rendering flow of the shader is shown in fig. 1.
The extraction of texture coordinates and normals is performed in a vertex shader, and the angles (integerity) and convection coefficients (H) of the normals of the surface elements and the solar radiation rays are calculated. The importance is passed as a variable to the patch shader for calculating the direct solar radiation for each bin. The statement to calculate the density is as follows:
float intensity=max(dot(LightPos,norm),0.0);
where norm is the normal vector of the bin and the direction vector of solar radiation (LightPos) is passed by the main program into the vertex shader as a uniform variable (unitorm). It should be noted that the direction vector of solar radiation in a scene is calculated by the atmospheric transport model under the world coordinate system. And the default coordinate system in the shader is the view coordinate system. Therefore, in the vertex shader, the following statement is employed to convert the direction vector of solar radiation into the view coordinate system.
vec3 LightPos=vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix*LightPos);
The direction vector (Vwind) of the wind speed is also transferred from the main program into the vertex shader, and is subjected to dot product with the normal vector (norm) of the surface element, the surface element arrangement mode is determined according to the dot product result, and then the convection coefficient is calculated.
The fragment shader mainly performs the rendering of the surface texture gray of the model. Sea irradiance, sky irradiance, solar irradiance and atmospheric transmittance are used as consistent variables (uniforms) and are transmitted into the fragment shader by the main program and updated in their callback functions. The rendering flow of the fragment shader is as follows:
(1) Texture sampling is performed using a texture sampler (uniform sampler 2D) based on the texture coordinates (gl_TexCoord [0 ]) extracted in the vertex shader. The statement is as follows:
vec4sample1=texture2D(Image,gl_TexCoord[0]);
(2) And (3) calculating the radiance of the ship surface according to the formula (3-17).
(3) And rendering the gray level of the face pixel according to the mapping relation between the radiance and the gray level in the system. The statement is:
gl_FragColor=tao*vec4(R,G,B,1.0);
because the gray coloring is not directly supported in the shader, according to the mapping relation formula (formula D) of the image gray and RGB colors, equivalent gray rendering can be realized by simultaneously endowing R, G, B with the calculated gray values.
Gray=0.3×r+0.59×g+0.11×b formula D
In the above formula, gray is a Gray value.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A rapid generation method of a ship hull infrared view is characterized in that a temperature field engineering calculation model of typical ship hull surface materials is established according to actual measurement data of ship hull surface temperature and meteorological conditions, sense of reality of the ship hull surface infrared view is generated based on texture masks generated by visible light images, and a database is established to store digital topography, texture of material areas and texture masks; when the simulation system operates, the terrain and texture data in the database are called, the infrared radiance of the hull is calculated based on the calculation result of the temperature field model in the GPU shader, and the ground infrared visual simulation is realized by adopting double texture mapping;
the database is established by taking solar irradiance, atmospheric irradiance, ocean irradiance, heat convection coefficient and surface element temperature as parameters according to the calculation results of ship surface element division and temperature field, and a data sample set is established; each sample comprises solar irradiance, atmospheric irradiance, ocean irradiance, convective heat transfer coefficient and temperature data corresponding to one bin; dividing the three-dimensional model surface into 1741 grids, wherein the number of ship bodies is 1602, the number of chimneys is 139, and the number of samples corresponding to the ship bodies and the chimneys is 1602 and 139 respectively;
the atmospheric irradiance and the ocean irradiance are used as diffusion treatment, the radiance of the ship is calculated, and the atmospheric irradiance and the ocean irradiance are used as a variable in modeling; the formula A and the formula B respectively give numerical fitting models of temperature fields of ship hulls and chimney surface elements:
formula A;
formula B;
in the above two formulas, a, b, c, d, f are fitting coefficients,and->Convection heat transfer coefficients of air and flue gas respectively, < ->Is the sum of irradiance of the sky and the ocean;
based on the working band of the real infrared detector, and taking the surface of the ship as a diffuser, the radiance of the surface of the ship finally reaching the detector can be calculated by a formula C:
formula C;
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,for the total radiance of the ship received by the infrared detector, < >>And->The upper limit and the lower limit of the working band of the detector are respectively +.>Is the atmospheric transmittance->The diffuse reflectance of the material of the surface of the ship in the working band of the detector is used; />And->Irradiance of the sun, ocean and sky in the working wave band of the detector respectively;
when the simulation system operates, texture coordinates and normals are extracted from the vertex shader, and the included angle and convection coefficient between the normals of the surface element and solar radiation rays are calculated; the transparency is transmitted to the patch shader as a variable to calculate the direct solar radiation of each patch; the statement to calculate the density is as follows:
float intensity=max(dot(LightPos,norm), 0.0);
wherein norm is the normal vector of the bin, the direction vector of solar radiation is used as a consistent variable, and the vector is transmitted into the vertex shader by the main program;
in the vertex shader, the direction vector of solar radiation is converted into the view coordinate system using the following statement:
vec3 LightPos=vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * LightPos);
the direction vector of the wind speed is also transmitted into a vertex shader by a main program, and is subjected to dot product with the normal vector of the surface element, the surface element arrangement mode is determined according to the dot product result, and then the convection coefficient is calculated;
the fragment shader mainly performs rendering of the surface texture gray of the model;
sea irradiance, sky irradiance, solar irradiance and atmospheric transmittance are used as consistent variables, and are transmitted into the fragment shader by the main program and updated in the callback functions of the fragment shader.
2. The method for rapidly generating infrared views of a ship according to claim 1, wherein,
the rendering flow of the fragment shader is as follows:
(1) Using a texture sampler to sample texture according to texture coordinates extracted from the vertex shader, and the statement is as follows:
vec4 sample1=texture2D(Image,gl_TexCoord[0]);
(2) Calculating the radiance of the ship surface according to a formula C;
(3) Rendering the gray level of the face pixel according to the mapping relation between the radiance and the gray level in the system; the statement is:
gl_FragColor=tao*vec4(R,G, B,1.0);
because the gray coloring is not directly supported in the shader, according to the mapping relation formula D of the image gray and RGB colors, the equivalent gray rendering can be realized by simultaneously endowing R, G, B with three color channels with the calculated gray values:
the formula D is given by the equation,
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,is a gray value.
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