CN111820086B - Method for cultivating plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of plateau multi-flower bud strawberry seedlings, which comprises the following steps: cutting stolons bred by strawberry mother seedlings into a seedling culture container with the single seedling volume of 255 +/-10 mL in 5 months, and controlling the light temperature and the fertilizer water to ensure that the strawberry seedlings reach more than 1.2cm of root necks in 60-90 days, the root systems are kept white and are not aged, and the primary roots account for more than 50% of the total mass of the root systems; when the seedling age reaches 90-120 days, the total number of the formed terminal flower buds and the axillary flower buds is more than or equal to 2. According to the method, under a cold and cool environment of a plateau, through fertilizer and water management, light and temperature regulation, container specification, seedling age control and the like, early-stage strong seedling cultivation and later-stage flower bud differentiation regulation are realized, the formation of terminal flower buds can be promoted, abortion of the terminal flower buds can be prevented, and axillary flower bud differentiation can be promoted, so that the flower bud differentiation period of strawberry seedlings is advanced by 40-60 days compared with the prior art, the strawberry seedlings can be mature within 60 days after field planting, and the effect of premature high yield is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of strawberry planting, in particular to a method for cultivating plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings.
Background
The strawberry has high nutritive value, contains various nutrient substances, has health care effect, and is popular with people. At present, the facility strawberries are mainly planted by bare-rooted seedlings in the conventional open field, the fruiting period of the strawberries is generally 12 months to 5 months in the next year, and the strawberries are short in supply and short in demand at the initial stage of marketing. Therefore, the method has important significance for promoting the early differentiation and early fruiting of strawberry flower buds, can improve the economic income of strawberry growers, and can meet the market demand.
In recent years, the introduction of the plug seedling cultivation technology can effectively prevent and control soil-borne diseases and lead to early fruiting by shortening the seedling revival stage, but the method cannot lead to early flower bud differentiation. At present, the seedling culture method for promoting early differentiation of strawberry flower buds at home and abroad mainly comprises the following 4 methods: 1) high-altitude cold land seedling (alpine seedling): promoting flower bud differentiation by using the condition that the air temperature in a high-altitude area is lower than that in the flat ground; 2) shading treatment: a method for shading light by using a shading net, inhibiting the temperature rise of seedling bodies in the daytime and promoting flower bud differentiation; 3) and (3) low-temperature dark treatment: continuously applying continuous low-temperature dark conditions for about 2 weeks in a cold storage with a set temperature of about 15 ℃ to promote flower bud differentiation; 4) night cold short-day treatment: a method for carrying out low-temperature treatment on strawberry seedlings at night by using a small-sized cold storage warehouse promotes flower bud differentiation.
In the above 4 methods, except for high mountain seedling raising, a large amount of labor and investment cost are required, energy and labor are consumed, and large-scale seedling treatment is difficult. However, the existing alpine seedling raising has the problem of terminal flower bud abortion, so that further improvement is needed to realize the high yield of the strawberry in the early period.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cultivation method of plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
in the first ten days to the last ten days of 5 months, cutting stolons propagated by strawberry mother seedlings into seedling culture containers with the single seedling volume of 255 +/-10 mL, and enabling the strawberry seedlings to reach the root necks of more than 1.2cm in 60-90 days through light-temperature regulation and fertilizer-water management, wherein the root system keeps white and is not aged, and the primary roots account for more than 50% of the total mass of the root system; when the seedling age reaches 90-120 days, the total number of the formed terminal flower buds and the axillary flower buds is more than or equal to 2.
According to the method, under a cold and cool environment in a plateau, through fertilizer and water management, light and temperature regulation, container specification, seedling age control and the like, early-stage cultivation of strong seedlings and later-stage regulation of flower bud differentiation are realized, the formation of terminal flower buds can be promoted, abortion of the terminal flower buds can be prevented, and the differentiation of axillary flower buds can be promoted, so that the multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings are obtained. Wherein, the root neck is thick and strong, and the proportion of primary root is more than 50 percent, which can ensure sufficient nutrients and is beneficial to fruit setting; the volume of the seedling raising container is 255 +/-10 mL, which is larger than the conventional container, thus being beneficial to root development and nutrient storage; the seedling age is controlled to be 90-120 days, which is beneficial to axillary bud differentiation.
The stolons according to the invention can be stolons propagated from mother strawberry seedlings in greenhouse southern or in greenhouse northern sunlight, obtained according to the method of patent application CN 108464202A.
The seedling raising container can be a plug tray or a nutrition pot.
Further, the fertilizer and water management specifically comprises:
after two weeks of cuttage, NPK balanced slow release fertilizer is applied to a culture substrate, the release period of the slow release fertilizer is adjusted according to the cuttage time, so that the slow release fertilizer is completely released before 8 months and 1 day, and meanwhile, drip irrigation is carried out on the full-element water soluble fertilizer for 3-5 times every day according to the sunlight intensity until the seedling age reaches 60-90 days; 30 days before field planting of a nursery stock seedling emergence garden, 2-4 per mill potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied to foliage spraying instead, 1 time is carried out every week, and the water content of the culture medium is controlled to be 60 +/-5% until the total number of terminal flower buds and axillary flower buds is larger than or equal to 2.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slow release fertilizer is used in an amount which satisfies that the nitrogen fertilization amount is 180 mg/plant.
The conductivity of the all-element water-soluble fertilizer is 1.0-1.2 mS/cm, the drip irrigation flow rate is 2L/h, and 15s is achieved each time. When the sunlight intensity is higher, the drip irrigation frequency is properly increased.
Furthermore, the culture medium is turf, coconut coir, perlite and vermiculite with the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, and the ventilation porosity is more than 20%. The culture medium is favorable for promoting primary root generation.
Wherein the coconut coir is coconut coir with a particle length of more than 1 mm. Coconut chaff is coconut husk fiber powder, is a coconut byproduct or waste after processing, and is a pure natural organic matter medium dropped from the processing process of coconut husk fiber.
Furthermore, the cultivation method of the invention has the cultivation place being an area with the altitude of more than 1000m and the highest temperature of less than 30 ℃ in 8 months in summer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said stolons are soaked for 1 hour with a solution of naphthylacetic acid or ABT rooting powder before cutting.
Wherein, the ABT rooting powder is a novel alcohol-soluble plant growth promoter with high efficiency, broad spectrum, trace and compound. When in use, the ABT rooting powder is preferably prepared into the concentration of 20X 10-6The solution of (1).
Further, temperature management during incubation: 5-7 months, the highest temperature is 28 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 18-20 ℃; 8-9 months, the highest temperature is 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 10-15 ℃.
Further, photoperiod management during incubation: 5-7 months, natural photoperiod; the illumination time is controlled to be 8 h/day from 8 months to 9 months. Wherein, in 8-9 months, the illumination time can be controlled to be 8 h/day by a sunlight greenhouse heat preservation quilt or a black and white film.
The cultivation method is suitable for shallow dormancy strawberry varieties, and specifically comprises the varieties of Hongyan, zhaoji, Jingzang incense, Jingquan incense, Christmas red, Xiangye and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the cold and cool environment of the plateau, the invention realizes early-stage strong seedling cultivation and later-stage flower bud differentiation regulation through fertilizer and water management, light and temperature regulation, container specification, seedling age control and the like, can promote the formation of terminal flower buds, can prevent abortion, and can promote the differentiation of axillary flower buds, the flower bud differentiation period of strawberry seedlings is 40-60 days earlier than that of the prior art (0-1 flower buds), and the strawberry seedlings can bear fruits and mature within 60 days after field planting, thereby achieving the effects of premature birth and high yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of a multi-bud strawberry seedling obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a conventional plug seedling of the prior art with or without a single floral bud;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a plant structure corresponding to the physical diagram in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cultivation method of plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings, which specifically comprises the following steps:
implementation of the site: the altitude is 1300m, and the highest air temperature is within 30 ℃ in 8 months in summer;
secondly, container specification and matrix formula: adopting a plug tray with the volume of 255 ml/plug; the matrix formula is grass peat: coconut husk: perlite: vermiculite 4:3:2:1 (volume ratio), air permeability porosity > 20%;
③ cuttage of stolons: soaking stolons bred by strawberry mother seedlings in naphthylacetic acid for 1 hour, then cutting the stolons into a plug tray filled with the matrix at the beginning of 5 months, removing damaged leaves during cutting, and taking the depth of insertion as standard that the stolons are not deeply buried and not exposed;
managing fertilizer and water: after two weeks of cuttage, applying NPK balanced slow release fertilizer (the nitrogen fertilizing amount is 180 mg/plant) in a culture substrate, wherein the release period is 60 days, meanwhile, carrying out drip irrigation on the all-element water soluble fertilizer for 3-5 times every day according to the sunlight intensity, the conductivity of the all-element water soluble fertilizer is 1.0-1.2 mS/cm, the drip irrigation flow rate is 2L/h, carrying out drip irrigation for 15s every time until the seedling age reaches 90 days, and the root neck of the strawberry seedling reaches more than 1.2 cm; spraying 3 per mill potassium dihydrogen phosphate on leaf surface for 1 week 1 time after seedling age of 90-120 days (8 months to 9 months), and controlling matrix water content to 60% until top flower bud and axillary flower bud number is more than or equal to 2;
temperature management: 5-7 months, the highest temperature is 28 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 18-20 ℃; 8-9 months, the highest temperature is 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 10-15 ℃;
and (3) managing the light period: 5-7 months, natural photoperiod; and (4) carrying out photoperiod control through a sunlight greenhouse heat preservation quilt or a black and white film at the beginning of 8-9 months until the illumination time reaches 8 h/day.
After the seedling age of about 4 months, a multi-bud strawberry seedling (as shown in figure 1) is obtained, the total number of the terminal flower buds and the axillary flower buds is more than or equal to 2, the number of the flower buds is more than that of the conventional plug seedling (as shown in figure 2) adopted in the prior art, in order to show the difference between the strawberry seedling obtained by the invention and the conventional plug seedling more clearly, the object graph in figure 1 and figure 2 is respectively shown by a plant structure schematic diagram, as shown in figure 3, the left side in the graph is the multi-flower bud strawberry seedling obtained by the invention, the top in the graph is a differentiated terminal flower bud, the lower side is provided with two axillary flower buds, the middle in the graph is the existing strawberry seedling, the top in the graph is an undifferentiated terminal bud, the lower side is not provided with axillary flower buds, and the right side in the graph is provided with a legend. Moreover, the flower bud differentiation period of the strawberry seedlings obtained in the embodiment is 40-60 days earlier than that of the prior art (0-1 flower buds).
And (3) field planting the strawberry seedlings with the multiple flower buds in the embodiment, controlling the temperature within 30 ℃, continuously supplementing a proper amount of nitrogen, promoting the flower bud development, and bearing and maturing the strawberries within 60 days, so that the early bearing in 11-12 months is realized, and the yield per mu before the unit denier reaches 0.12 kg/plant, namely, 960 kg. The average selling price is 60 yuan/kg in recent 3 years, the economic income of a grower can be increased by 5.76 ten thousand yuan/mu, and the market demand before the Yuan Dan is met.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method for cultivating strawberry seedlings, which is different from example 1 in that:
and (3) fertilizer and water management: spraying monopotassium phosphate every 7 days in the whole process of seedling culture.
As a result: 1 terminal flower bud is formed in the last ten days of 8 months of the strawberry seedling, the root neck is less than 1cm, and the flower bud aborts due to insufficient nutrition of the plant after field planting.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method for cultivating strawberry seedlings, which is different from example 1 in that:
container specifications and matrix formulation: the single-hole capacity of the tray is less than 150mL, and the substrate is turf: vermiculite: perlite is 7:2:1 (volume ratio).
The seedling age was two months, namely, from 7 months 1 day to 9 months 1 day, wherein 7 months 1 day to 31 days were each controlled under the conditions of 5 months to 7 months in example 1, and 8 months 1 day to 9 months 1 day were each controlled under the conditions of 8 months to 9 months in example 1.
As a result: the terminal flower buds can be differentiated in advance, but the root systems are aged, the mass proportion of the primary roots to the total root systems is less than 30%, so that the fruits are small, and the commodity is unavailable.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method of plateau multi-flower bud strawberry seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first ten days to the last ten days of 5 months, cutting stolons propagated by strawberry mother seedlings into seedling culture containers with the single seedling volume of 255 +/-10 mL, and enabling the strawberry seedlings to reach the root necks of more than 1.2cm in 60-90 days through light-temperature regulation and fertilizer-water management, wherein the root system keeps white and is not aged, and the primary roots account for more than 50% of the total mass of the root system; when the seedling age reaches 90-120 days, the total number of the formed terminal flower buds and the axillary flower buds is more than or equal to 2;
the fertilizer and water management specifically comprises the following steps:
after two weeks of cuttage, applying an NPK balanced slow release fertilizer to a culture substrate, wherein the using amount of the slow release fertilizer is 180 mg/plant, the release period of the slow release fertilizer is adjusted according to the cuttage time so as to ensure that the slow release fertilizer is completely released before 8 months and 1 day, meanwhile, carrying out drip irrigation on a full-element water-soluble fertilizer for 3-5 times every day according to the sunlight intensity until the seedling age reaches 60-90 days, the conductivity of the full-element water-soluble fertilizer is 1.0-1.2 mS/cm, the drip irrigation flow rate is 2L/hour, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 15s every time; 30 days before field planting in a nursery stock seedling emergence nursery, 2-4 per mill potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied to foliage spraying instead, 1 time per week, and the water content of the culture medium is controlled to be 60 +/-5% until the total amount of terminal flower buds and axillary flower buds is more than or equal to 2;
temperature management during incubation: 5-7 months, the highest temperature is 28 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 18-20 ℃; 8-9 months, the highest temperature is 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 10-15 ℃;
photoperiod management during incubation: 5-7 months, natural photoperiod; the illumination time is controlled to be 8 h/day from 8 months to 9 months.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation substrate is peat, coconut coir, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1 with an air permeability of > 20%.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation site is an area with an altitude of 1000m or more and a maximum temperature of 30 ℃ or less in summer 8 months.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illumination time is controlled to 8 h/day by sunlight greenhouse insulation or black and white film for 8 months to 9 months.
5. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cultivation method is suitable for light dormant strawberry varieties, including red-face, octopus, Jingzang incense, Jingquan incense, Christmas red and Xiangye varieties.
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| CN112930890B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-10-14 | 农业农村部规划设计研究院 | Strawberry stolon traction and cutting composite seedling culture method |
| CN114009285A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-02-08 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Method for promoting flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings |
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