CN111817001A - Ka wave band is based on 1X 4 plane phased array of liquid crystal reflection formula looks ware - Google Patents
Ka wave band is based on 1X 4 plane phased array of liquid crystal reflection formula looks ware Download PDFInfo
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- CN111817001A CN111817001A CN202010676984.0A CN202010676984A CN111817001A CN 111817001 A CN111817001 A CN 111817001A CN 202010676984 A CN202010676984 A CN 202010676984A CN 111817001 A CN111817001 A CN 111817001A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a1 x 4 planar phased array of a Ka waveband liquid crystal reflection-type phase shifter, which integrates the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low driving voltage and high frequency of a liquid crystal phase shifter and the excellent electrical performance of a planar printed magnetoelectric dipole antenna by integrating a liquid crystal reflection-type phase shifter structure, a one-to-four-order Wilkinson power division network, an antenna radiation patch and a four-way adjustable power supply, and realizes the continuous adjustment and the independent control of four-way voltage by utilizing a four-way adjustable power supply system, thereby solving the problems of low integration degree, large size and poor positioning accuracy influence in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a1 x 4 planar phased array of a Ka waveband liquid crystal reflection type phase shifter.
Background
At present, with the continuous development of laser radar technology and spatial optical communication technology, the traditional mechanical beam pointing device and semi-mechanical beam controller can not meet increasingly stringent technical requirements, the traditional mechanical beam scanning technology uses inertia mechanical parts such as a complex universal joint and a rotary platform, the mode has the advantages of high scanning efficiency, wide field of view and the like, but the positioning precision is poor and the scanning precision is limited due to the influence of mechanical transmission, the structure and the control are complex, heavy, expensive and single-function, the scanning system is larger, the integration microminiaturization degree is low, the liquid crystal optical phased array is a real-time programmable beam control device, the device has the characteristics of no mechanical inertia, high-precision beam pointing, agile wave position switching, low SWAP (size, weight and power consumption) and the like, and in the aspect of spatial free optical communication, as long-distance optical communication needs to be carried out, High-speed information transmission needs a high-resolution beam control method accurate to a microradian order in order to ensure accurate link of a transmitting end and a receiving end, a traditional mechanical light beam pointing device cannot achieve the resolution of the microradian order, the size is too heavy, miniaturization is difficult to realize, in addition, in some military application fields, multi-beam control needs to be carried out, and meanwhile, self-adaption capability needs to be provided, which is not provided by the traditional mechanical light beam pointing device and a semi-mechanical beam controller,
the liquid crystal phased array is a high-resolution, high-precision, programmable controlled novel non-mechanical light beam deflection control device, the idea of realizing light beam control is derived from a microwave phased array radar, each array element of the liquid crystal phased array generates different phase delays by applying different voltages to the array elements, so that the wave front phase of incident light waves is changed, the propagation direction of the incident light waves is changed after beam synthesis, compared with the traditional mechanical light beam control technology, the liquid crystal phased array has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high precision, high speed, low power consumption, no mechanical inertia and the like, so the liquid crystal phased array has wide application prospects in the fields of laser radar, laser communication, optical information processing, adaptive optics, biomedical imaging and the like, and the liquid crystal phased array shows important engineering value under the large background that the requirements on resolution and integration degree are higher and higher,
the liquid crystal material is used as a medium substrate of the reflective phase shifter, the phase of the reflected wave of each array unit can be controlled by an external electric field, and further the continuous scanning of the antenna beam is realized, therefore, the 1 x 4 planar phased array based on the liquid crystal reflective phase shifter can realize the beam control with excellent performance,
aiming at the problems that the existing phased array antenna based on the traditional mechanical beam scanning technology has low integration degree, leads to large size and further influences poor positioning precision, the invention provides the 1 x 4 planar phased array of which the Ka waveband is based on the liquid crystal reflection type phase shifter, which can effectively solve the problems in the phased array antenna based on the traditional mechanical beam scanning technology and meet the requirements of the phased array radar antenna and the phased array antenna for novel electric tuning in a system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a1 x 4 planar phased array of a Ka waveband liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifter, and aims to solve the technical problems that the integration degree is low, the size is large, and the positioning accuracy is poor in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a1 × 4 planar phased array of a Ka-band liquid crystal-based reflective phase shifter, including an antenna radiation patch, a liquid crystal phase shifter module, a power division network module, and a four-way adjustable power supply module, where the antenna radiation patch is embedded in a first dielectric substrate, the liquid crystal phase shifter module is embedded in a second dielectric substrate, the power division network module is embedded in a third dielectric substrate, the four-way adjustable power supply module is welded on a bias loading circuit on a lower surface of the third dielectric substrate through a low frequency line, and the second dielectric substrate is connected to the first dielectric substrate, connected to the third dielectric substrate, and located between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the liquid crystal phase shifter module integrates a three-branch line directional coupler and a reflection load on the second dielectric substrate, the reflection load is connected with the antenna radiation patch, the power distribution network module integrates a direct current blocking bias circuit, a bias loading circuit and a slot line differential power divider on the third dielectric substrate, the power distribution network module is connected with the three-branch line directional coupler through the bias loading circuit, and the four-way adjustable power supply module integrates a chip and an operational amplifier on an FR4 material substrate.
The reflecting load comprises a low-impedance reflecting load and a high-impedance reflecting load, and the low-impedance reflecting load is connected with the antenna radiation patch and the three-branch line directional coupler; the high-impedance reflection load is connected with the three-branch line positioning coupler; the low impedance reflective load and the high impedance reflective load are integrated on the second dielectric substrate.
The number of the antenna radiation patches is four, the antenna radiation patches are sequentially printed on the first dielectric substrate, and the antenna radiation patches are coupled and fed through a gap.
The second dielectric substrate comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a third dielectric layer, the first dielectric layer is connected with the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric layer is connected with the first dielectric layer and is provided with a first liquid crystal groove, and the third dielectric layer is connected with the second dielectric layer and is provided with a second liquid crystal groove which is communicated with the first liquid crystal groove; the reflective load is disposed in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell.
The third dielectric substrate comprises a fourth dielectric layer and a fifth dielectric layer, the fourth dielectric layer is connected with the third dielectric layer, and the direct current blocking bias circuit, the bias loading circuit and the slot line differential power divider are integrated in the fifth dielectric layer and are positioned at one side close to the fourth dielectric layer; the fifth dielectric layer is connected with the fourth dielectric layer, penetrates through the chip and the operational amplifier through the pin holes, is integrated on an FR4 material substrate, and is inserted into the pin holes penetrating through the fourth dielectric layer and the fifth dielectric layer through low-frequency lines.
The antenna radiation patch comprises a grounding metal through hole and a metal patch, the grounding metal through hole extends into the first dielectric substrate, and the metal patch is connected with the grounding metal through hole and is positioned on the surface, far away from the second dielectric substrate, of the first dielectric substrate.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a1 × 4 planar phase control method for a Ka-band liquid crystal-based reflective phase shifter, comprising:
receiving signals through the metal patches and the wires, and transmitting the signals through the grounding metal through holes;
when a bias voltage is applied to a conductor forming a reflective load, the direction of liquid crystal molecules under the electrode changes;
the bias loading circuit 33 adopts multistage fan-shaped branch node cascade connection, and a pad at the tail end of the branch node is used for reserving an interface for a subsequent low-frequency connecting wire and an FPGA voltage source module;
in the DC blocking bias circuit, a bias signal and a power division network feedback inlet radio frequency signal are blocked, and in the bias loading circuit, a fan-shaped radial branch knot is used as an open-circuit branch knot for short-circuit frequency drop transmission;
feeding radiation is carried out on the microstrip line on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric layer at the feed port through two output ports of the two power dividers;
and the FPGA chip is used as a control core, and the continuous adjustability and the independent control of the voltage are realized by adjusting the amplification factor of the operational amplifier.
According to the 1 × 4 planar phased array of the Ka waveband based on the liquid crystal reflection type phase shifter, the liquid crystal reflection type phase shifter structure, the one-to-four-to-two-order Wilkinson power division network, the antenna radiation patch and the four-way adjustable power supply are integrated, the characteristics of small size, light weight, low driving voltage and high frequency of the liquid crystal phase shifter and the excellent electrical performance of a planar printed magnetoelectric dipole antenna are combined, the four-way adjustable power supply system is utilized to realize continuous adjustment and independent control of four-way voltage, and the problems that the integration degree is not high in the prior art, the size is large, and the positioning accuracy is poor are further solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the phased array of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective phase shifter based on a liquid crystal material according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power distribution network structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a slot line differentiator of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a dc blocking circuit based on parallel coupled transmission lines according to the present invention.
Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a cascaded sector bias circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a Schiffman phase shifter according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a structural view of a planar printed magnetoelectric dipole antenna of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-antenna radiation patch, 2-liquid crystal phase shifter module, 3-power division network module, 4-four-way adjustable power supply module, 11-first dielectric substrate, 12-grounding metal via hole, 13-metal patch, 21-second dielectric substrate, 22-three-branch line directional coupler, 23-reflection load, 31-third dielectric substrate, the device comprises a 32-DC blocking bias circuit, a 33-bias loading circuit, a 34-slot line differential power divider, a1 x 4 planar phased array of a 100-Ka waveband liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifter, a 211-first dielectric layer, a 212-second dielectric layer, a 213-third dielectric layer, a 231-low impedance reflection load, a 232-high impedance reflection load, a 311-fourth dielectric layer and a 312-fifth dielectric layer.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a1 × 4 planar phased array 100 of a Ka-band liquid crystal-based reflective phase shifter, including an antenna radiation patch 1, a liquid crystal phase shifter module 2, a power division network module 3, and a four-way adjustable power supply module, where the antenna radiation patch 1 is embedded in a first dielectric substrate 11, the liquid crystal phase shifter module 2 is embedded in a second dielectric substrate 21, the power division network module 3 is embedded in a third dielectric substrate 31, the four-way adjustable power supply module is inserted into the third dielectric substrate 31 through a low frequency line, the second dielectric substrate 21 is connected to the first dielectric substrate 11, connected to the third dielectric substrate 31, and located between the first dielectric substrate 11 and the second dielectric substrate 21; the liquid crystal phase shifter module 2 integrates a three-branch directional coupler 22 and a reflective load 23 on the second dielectric substrate 21, the reflective load 23 is connected to the antenna radiation patch 1, the power distribution network module 3 integrates a dc blocking bias circuit 32, a bias loading circuit 33 and a slot line differential power divider 34 on the third dielectric substrate 31, and is connected to the three-branch directional coupler 22 through the bias loading circuit 33, and the four-way adjustable power supply module integrates a chip and an operational amplifier on an FR4 material substrate.
Further, the reflective load 23 includes a low impedance reflective load 231 and a high impedance reflective load 232, the low impedance reflective load 231 is connected to the antenna radiation patch 1 and connected to the three-branch directional coupler 22; the high impedance reflection load 232 is connected with the three-branch line positioning coupler; the low impedance reflective load 23 and the high impedance reflective load 23 are integrated on the second dielectric substrate 21.
Further, the number of the antenna radiation patches 1 is four, and the antenna radiation patches are sequentially printed on the first dielectric substrate 11 and are fed through slot coupling.
Further, the second dielectric substrate 21 includes a first dielectric layer 211, a second dielectric layer 212, and a third dielectric layer 213, the first dielectric layer 211 is connected to the first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric layer 212 is connected to the first dielectric layer 211 and has a first liquid crystal cell, and the third dielectric layer 213 is connected to the second dielectric layer 212 and has a second liquid crystal cell penetrating through the first liquid crystal cell; the reflective load 23 is placed in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell.
Further, the third dielectric substrate 31 includes a fourth dielectric layer 311 and a fifth dielectric layer 312, the fourth dielectric layer 311 is connected to the third dielectric layer 213, and the dc blocking bias circuit 32, the bias loading circuit 33 and the slot line differential power divider 34 are integrated with the fifth dielectric layer 312 and located at a side close to the fourth dielectric layer 311; the fifth dielectric layer 312 is connected to the fourth dielectric layer 311, and is integrated on an FR1 substrate by penetrating through the chip and the operational amplifier via pin holes, and is inserted into the pin holes penetrating through the fourth dielectric layer 311 and the fifth dielectric layer 312 via low frequency lines.
Further, the antenna radiation patch 1 includes a ground metal via 12 and a metal patch 13, the ground metal via 12 extends into the first dielectric substrate 11, and the metal patch 13 is connected to the ground metal via 12 and located on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 11 away from the second dielectric substrate 21.
A Ka-band 1 x 4 plane phase control method based on liquid crystal reflection type phase shifter comprises
S101, receiving signals through the metal patches 13 and the wires, and transmitting the signals through the grounding metal through holes 12;
s102 when a bias voltage is applied to the conductor forming the reflective load 23, the direction of the liquid crystal molecules under the electrode changes;
s103, the bias loading circuit 33 adopts multi-stage fan-shaped branch node cascade connection, and a branch node tail end bonding pad is used for reserving an interface for a follow-up low-frequency connecting wire and an FPGA voltage source module;
in the S104 dc blocking bias circuit 32, the bias signal and the power division network feedback entry radio frequency signal are blocked, and in the bias loading circuit 33, the sector radial branch is used as an open branch for short circuit frequency drop transmission.
S105 performs feed radiation on the feed port through the microstrip line on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric layer 312 through the two output ports of the two power splitters in the fifth dielectric layer 312.
S106, an FPGA chip is used as a control core, and continuous adjustable and independent control of voltage is realized by adjusting the amplification factor of the operational amplifier.
In this embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric substrate 21, and the third dielectric substrate 31 are sequentially disposed from top to bottom, the first dielectric substrate 11 is a radiation patch layer, a liquid crystal phase shifter layer, and a power division network layer, each layer has a slot with a diameter of 1mm for fixing a screw, the radiation patch layer uses TSM-DS3M with a size of 35mm × 50mm × 0.702mm as a dielectric substrate, four magnetoelectric dipole patch antennas are printed on the dielectric substrate, the antenna radiation patch 1 uses a planar printed magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the first layer uses a TSM-DS3M (relative permittivity 2.96) material as a substrate of the antenna, a horizontal patch is cut, and a form of a feed patch is improved to obtain a good impedance matching. The grounding metal via hole 12 is used for replacing a grounding patch, the grounding metal via hole is equivalent to a vertical grounding patch and is used as a magnetic dipole, and the metal patch 13 on the top layer of the antenna is used as an electric dipole to form a novel plane printing magnetoelectric dipole antenna; the second dielectric substrate 21 is a liquid crystal phase shifter layer, the FR-28-40-50S prepreg with the size of 35mm × 50mm × 0.11mm of the first dielectric layer 211 and the third dielectric layer 213 and the TSM-DS3M with the size of 35mm × 50mm × 0.127mm of the second dielectric layer 212 are used as dielectric substrates, the second dielectric layer 212 and the third dielectric layer 213 are hollowed into four blocks with the size of 6.5mm × 12mm × 0.207mm for filling liquid crystal, the liquid crystal phase shifter module 2 adopts the three-branch line directional coupler 22 and two miniaturized bending delay lines of the reflective load 23, the structure of the reflective load 23 is composed of the low impedance reflective load 231 and the high impedance reflective load 232, the length of the low impedance part is equivalent to a parallel inductance capacitance resonance circuit and is an integral multiple of half-wave length (4.28mm), and any change of the liquid crystal dielectric constant can be ensured to have great influence on the input reactance of the reflective load 23, the high-impedance quarter-wave part is used for converting the parallel inductance-capacitance resonance circuit into a series inductance-capacitance resonance circuit required by high phase shift; the third dielectric substrate 31 is composed of the fourth dielectric layer 311 and the fifth dielectric layer 312, the fourth dielectric layer 311 and the fifth dielectric layer 312 with the size of 35mm × 50mm × 0.254mm are used as dielectric substrates, each circuit is distributed on the upper surfaces of the two layers of substrates, and the FPGA chip and the operational amplifier are integrated on the fifth dielectric layer 312; the power division network module 3 includes the dc blocking bias circuit 32, the bias loading circuit 33 and the slot line differential power divider 34, as shown in fig. 3, the strip line-slot line ultra wide band filter implements the dc blocking bias circuit 32 to separate the bias signal from the power division network feed-in port radio frequency signal, in the bias loading circuit 33, the sector radial branch is used as a conventional quarter-wavelength open branch for short-circuiting radio frequency transmission, and meanwhile, a multi-stage sector branch cascade connection is adopted, a pad at the tail end of the branch is reserved for a subsequent low-frequency connection line and an FPGA voltage source module, as shown in fig. 3, the slot line differential power divider 34 is formed by two dielectric substrates at the power division network layer, a slot line connecting the left and right sectors is transversely formed at the lower surface of the lower substrate, microstrip lines 2,3 and 4 in the figure are printed on the upper surface of the lower substrate, two output ports of the power divider are arranged at positions 2 and 3, microstrip lines similar to 'exclamation marks' are printed on the upper surface of an upper substrate to carry out feed radiation, and a feed port is arranged at position 1 from bottom to top.
The liquid crystal phase shifter adopts a three-branch line directional coupler 22 and two reflection loads 23 miniaturized bent delay lines;
the structure of the reflective load 23 consists of a low impedance part and a high impedance part, the length of the low impedance part is equivalent to a parallel inductance capacitance resonance circuit and is an integral multiple of half wavelength (4.28mm), and any change of the liquid crystal dielectric constant can be ensured to have great influence on the input reactance of the reflective load 23. The high-impedance quarter-wave part is used for converting the parallel inductance-capacitance resonance circuit into a series inductance-capacitance resonance circuit required by high phase shift;
the power distribution network includes a dc blocking bias circuit 32, a bias loading circuit 33 and a slot line differential power divider 34, as shown in fig. 3;
the strip line-slot line ultra wide band filter realizes a DC blocking bias circuit 32, and realizes the blocking of bias signals and radio frequency signals of a power distribution network feed-in port;
in the bias loading circuit 33, the fan-shaped radial branch is used as a conventional quarter-wavelength open-circuit branch for short-circuit radio frequency transmission, and meanwhile, a multistage fan-shaped branch cascade connection is adopted, and a terminal pad of the branch reserves an interface for a subsequent low-frequency connecting wire and an FPGA voltage source module;
as shown in fig. 3, the slot line differential power divider 34 has two dielectric substrates as the power dividing network layer, a slot line connected to the left circle and the right fan is transversely formed on the lower surface of the lower substrate, microstrip lines 2,3 and 4 in the figure are printed on the upper surface of the lower substrate, and two output ports 2 and 3 of the power divider are provided. Microstrip lines similar to exclamation marks are printed on the upper surface of the upper substrate to carry out feed radiation, and a feed port is arranged at the position 1 from bottom to top;
the power distribution network design mainly comprises a Wilkinson power divider structure which is fed by a bottom probe to divide four equal amplitudes into one and 180-degree phase difference, external bias voltage loading is realized through a cascaded sector bias circuit, a parallel coupling transmission line based on a slot compensation technology plays a role in blocking, and four paths of bias voltages can be loaded to an upper phase shifter circuit through four metalized through holes, so that single adjustment is realized, and mutual influence is avoided;
as shown in fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of parallel coupling transmission lines, the dc blocking circuit is composed of a non-uniform multimode resonant structure in the center and two parallel coupling transmission lines which are the same and located at two sides, and the dotted line part is a back ground etching hole, which not only can increase the coupling degree between the parallel coupling lines, but also to achieve the desired impedance ratio between the two side-to-center line segments in the multimode resonator, the center line segment of the multimode resonator being half the wavelength of the center frequency, the two side line segments being chosen to be equal, and equal to a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the bandpass, the characteristic impedance of the odd-even mode can be described by Z0e and Z0o respectively in the bias loading circuit, the sector-shaped radial stub is designed as a conventional quarter-wave open stub for short-circuiting radio frequency transmissions, meanwhile, multistage fan-shaped branch node cascade connection is adopted, and a bonding pad is designed at the tail end of each branch node, so that an interface is reserved for a follow-up low-frequency connecting wire and an FPGA voltage source module;
the radio frequency choke effect based on the band-stop filter can be used to implement the design of the bias circuit. Fig. 7 shows an offset T structure formed by a band-stop filter (part a to B) of a λ/4 open stub, which is generally used for a power amplifier circuit to make the radio frequency performance not affected by a DC connection. A. The band elimination filter between the two points B consists of two radial open-circuit branch nodes and two lambda/4 transmission lines, multistage cascade connection is adopted for obtaining wider stop band working bandwidth, and DC bias is connected to the point B through one transmission line with any length at a DC bias port 3.
The Schiffman phase-shifting power divider with the 180-degree phase difference ensures that the initial phases of the array elements are consistent, the 180-degree phase difference between the antenna units A0 and A2 and between the antenna units A1 and A3 is compensated, and good effects of low phase difference fluctuation and amplitude fluctuation and good isolation of the output two paths of signals are achieved. The whole structure comprises a Wilkinson power divider circuit, a Schiffman phase shift circuit and a feeder circuit, wherein the input end of the Wilkinson power divider circuit is a microwave signal input port, one output end of the Wilkinson power divider circuit is connected with the Schiffman phase shift circuit, the other output end of the Wilkinson power divider circuit is connected with the input end of a two-stage Wilkinson power divider circuit, and the phase shift output ports of A0 and A2 and the reference output ports of A1 and A3 can be connected in a certain bandwidth in a phase difference mode to achieve the purpose of 180 degrees.
As shown in fig. 8, which is a schematic diagram of a typical Schiffman phase shifter structure, the main path1 is formed by a section of parallel coupled lines connected at their ends, the impedances of the odd and even modes of the coupled lines are respectively represented by Ze and Zo, and ρ ═ Ze/ZoThen, the phase difference between the two paths in the Schiffman phase shifter is:
in order to improve the impedance bandwidth of the microstrip antenna, a planar printed magnetoelectric dipole antenna is adopted, a first layer takes Rogers5880 (dielectric constant is 2.2) material as a substrate of the antenna, cutting processing is carried out on a horizontal patch, and the form of a feed patch is improved to obtain good impedance matching. The grounding metal via hole 12 is used for replacing a grounding patch, the grounding metal via hole is equivalent to a vertical grounding patch and is used as a magnetic dipole, the metal patch 13 on the top layer of the antenna is used as an electric dipole to form a novel plane printing magnetoelectric dipole antenna, the novel plane printing magnetoelectric dipole antenna has excellent electrical performance, and the antenna structure can realize wider frequency band, more stable frequency characteristic, lower cross polarization, lower radiation back lobe, simpler antenna structure and stable radiation pattern of the antenna;
fig. 9 shows a structure diagram of a planar printed magnetoelectric dipole antenna, in which four patches are used as electric dipoles of a horizontal patch on the upper surface of the antenna in a slot coupling feeding manner, metal via holes with a diameter of 1.2mm are formed at the inner edges of the four patches, and a slot ground plate is connected to the middle of the four patches, wherein the grounded metal via holes 12 are equivalent to a short-circuited vertical patch serving as magnetic dipoles;
the adopted four-path adjustable power supply module applied to the electric control scanning antenna can be divided into two parts: one aspect is the FPGA chip, which uses intel's EP4CE6E22C8 as a control core. The working voltage of the FPGA chip is 1.15V-3.465V, QFN144 is adopted for packaging, 92I/O ports are included, logic resources are 6272, and the requirements are completely met; on the other hand, the operational amplifiers LM358 and LM358 are used as amplification modules, and the voltage amplification factor is adjusted to realize continuous adjustable and independent control of 0-25V voltage and the printed chart of the four-path adjustable power supply module.
Through the optimization to the circuit, compare with the consumption of traditional automatically controlled scanning module, have integrate high, advantage that the consumption is low.
Example 3:
a Ka wave band is based on the 1 x 4 planar phased array 100 of the reflective phase shifter of the liquid crystal, including the power divides the network scheme and four ways of adjustable power module schemes, the said power divides the network scheme to include the power divider, separates the bias circuit 32, biases loading circuit and 180 degrees phase shift circuit, the said four ways of adjustable power module schemes are FPGA circuits, in separating the bias circuit 32, bias signal and power divide the network and feed back the entry radio frequency signal and separate, in biasing the loading circuit 33, the sector radial branch is used for the frequency drop transmission of short circuit as the branch of opening a way; the four-path adjustable power supply module scheme comprises an FPGA chip as a control core, and continuous adjustable and independent control of voltage is realized by adjusting the amplification factor of the operational amplifier.
Further, the 1 × 4 planar phased array 100 with the Ka band based on the liquid crystal reflective phase shifter further includes applying the liquid crystal phase shifter to the phased array, and implementing high-precision beam control by electrically controlling the liquid crystal phase shifter.
In this embodiment, the liquid crystal phase shifter employs a three-branch line directional coupler 22 and two reflective loads 23 to miniaturize the meander delay line. As shown in fig. 3, a stripline reflective load 23 is disposed in the liquid crystal layer, and when a bias is applied to the conductors forming the reflective load 23, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules under the electrodes changes to change the effective dielectric constant, affecting the reactance of the reflective load 23, and thus changing the differential phase shift. Simulation verification of reactance X of reflective load 23LIs variable, the maximum amount of phase shift achievable:
the structure of the reflective load 23 consists of a low impedance part and a high impedance part, the length of the low impedance part is equivalent to a parallel inductance capacitance resonance circuit and is an integral multiple of half wavelength (4.28mm), and any change of the liquid crystal dielectric constant can be ensured to have great influence on the input reactance of the reflective load 23. The high impedance quarter wave section is used to convert the parallel lc tank to the series lc tank required for high phase shift.
The idea of integrating the liquid crystal phase shifter and the antenna radiation unit is adopted, and meanwhile, the existing multilayer PCB panel integration processing technology is utilized, so that an independent phase shifter element is not needed, the cost of the phased array antenna is greatly reduced, and the miniaturization is realized.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A1 x 4 planar phased array of a Ka waveband liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifter is characterized by comprising an antenna radiation patch, a liquid crystal phase shifter module, a power division network module and a four-way adjustable power supply module,
the antenna radiation patch is embedded in a first dielectric substrate, the liquid crystal phase shifter module is embedded in a second dielectric substrate, the power distribution network module is embedded in a third dielectric substrate, the four-way adjustable power supply module is welded on a bias loading circuit on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate through a low-frequency wire, and the second dielectric substrate is connected with the first dielectric substrate, connected with the third dielectric substrate and positioned between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate;
the liquid crystal phase shifter module integrates a three-branch line directional coupler and a reflection load on the second dielectric substrate, the reflection load is connected with the antenna radiation patch, the power distribution network module integrates a direct current blocking bias circuit, a bias loading circuit and a slot line differential power divider on the third dielectric substrate, the power distribution network module is connected with the three-branch line directional coupler through the bias loading circuit, and the four-way adjustable power supply module integrates a chip and an operational amplifier on an FR4 material substrate.
2. The Ka-band 1 x 4 planar phased array of liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifters of claim 1,
the reflection load comprises a low-impedance reflection load and a high-impedance reflection load, and the low-impedance reflection load is connected with the antenna radiation patch and the three-branch line directional coupler; the high-impedance reflection load is connected with the three-branch line positioning coupler; the low impedance reflective load and the high impedance reflective load are integrated on the second dielectric substrate.
3. The Ka-band 1 x 4 planar phased array of liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifters of claim 2,
the number of the antenna radiation patches is four, the antenna radiation patches are sequentially printed on the first dielectric substrate, and the antenna radiation patches are coupled and fed through gaps.
4. The Ka-band 1 x 4 planar phased array of liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifters of claim 3,
the second medium substrate comprises a first medium layer, a second medium layer and a third medium layer, the first medium layer is connected with the first medium substrate, the second medium layer is connected with the first medium layer and is provided with a first liquid crystal groove, and the third medium layer is connected with the second medium layer and is provided with a second liquid crystal groove which is communicated with the first liquid crystal groove; the reflective load is disposed in the first liquid crystal cell and the second liquid crystal cell.
5. The Ka-band 1 x 4 planar phased array of liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifters of claim 4,
the third dielectric substrate comprises a fourth dielectric layer and a fifth dielectric layer, the fourth dielectric layer is connected with the third dielectric layer, and the direct current blocking bias circuit, the bias loading circuit and the slot line differential power divider are integrated in the fifth dielectric layer and are positioned at one side close to the fourth dielectric layer; the fifth dielectric layer is connected with the fourth dielectric layer and is inserted into an insertion pin hole penetrating through the fourth dielectric layer and the fifth dielectric layer through a low-frequency line.
6. The Ka-band 1 x 4 planar phased array of liquid crystal reflection-based phase shifters of claim 5,
the antenna radiation patch comprises a grounding metal through hole and a metal patch, the grounding metal through hole extends into the first dielectric substrate, and the metal patch is connected with the grounding metal through hole and is positioned on the surface, far away from the second dielectric substrate, of the first dielectric substrate.
7. A1 x 4 planar phase control method of Ka wave band based on liquid crystal reflection type phase shifter is characterized in that,
receiving signals through the metal patches and the wires, and transmitting the signals through the grounding metal through holes;
when a bias voltage is applied to a conductor forming a reflective load, the direction of liquid crystal molecules under the electrode changes;
in the DC blocking bias circuit, a bias signal and a power distribution network feedback inlet radio frequency signal are blocked, and in the bias loading circuit, the fan-shaped radial branch knot is used as an open-circuit branch knot for short-circuit frequency-dropping transmission.
8. The Ka-band liquid crystal-based reflective phase shifter 1 x 4 planar phase control method of claim 7, wherein, when a bias voltage is applied to a conductor forming a reflective load, the direction of liquid crystal molecules under an electrode is changed to change an effective dielectric constant, thereby affecting the reactance of the reflective load, and further, after changing the differential phase shift, further comprising:
the bias loading circuit adopts multistage fan-shaped branch node cascade connection, and a pad at the tail end of the branch node reserves an interface for a follow-up low-frequency connecting wire and an FPGA voltage source module.
9. The Ka-band 1 x 4 planar phase control method based on liquid crystal reflective phase shifters according to claim 8, wherein in said dc blocking bias circuit, a bias signal and a power division network feedback input rf signal are blocked, and in said bias loading circuit, after a sector radial branch is used as an open branch for short-circuit frequency drop transmission, further comprising:
and the microstrip line on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric layer carries out feed radiation at the feed port through two output ports of the two power dividers.
10. The 1 x 4 planar phase control method of Ka band based on liquid crystal reflection phase shifter according to claim 9, wherein the method further comprises, after the microstrip line on the upper surface of the fifth dielectric layer is fed and radiated at the feeding port through the two output ports of the two power splitters on the fifth dielectric layer;
the FPGA chip is used as a control core, and the continuous adjustable and independent control of the voltage is realized by adjusting the amplification factor of the operational amplifier.
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