CN111795977A - Online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring devices in metal additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring devices in metal additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring devices for metal additive manufacturing, which comprises: the high-speed camera detection module is used for detecting the three-dimensional profile precision of the additive manufacturing part and the molten pool profile; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for detecting the deflection angle of the laser; the thermal infrared imager detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the molten pool; the approaching visible hyperspectral camera detection module is used for detecting a molten pool, and spatial information and spectral information of sputtering; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used for acquiring a two-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufacturing part; the stress-strain detection module monitors stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part; the laser ultrasonic detection module is matched with the rotary processing table to detect the surface and near-surface defects of the additive manufacturing part; the electronic computer tomography module is matched with the rotary processing table to detect the internal defects and the internal geometric outline of the additive manufacturing part; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used for determining the material composition and content of the additive manufacturing part; and the central processing unit feeds back the processing error and the metallurgical defect to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after finding the processing error and the metallurgical defect. The invention can substantially improve the quality of the finished product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring devices for metal additive manufacturing.
Background
Additive manufacturing is regarded as a new growth point of future industrial development, and under the mutual promotion of governments and markets of various countries, additive manufacturing technology is subjected to qualitative and rapid development, but large-scale industrial application is not formed yet. The performance and the manufacturing precision of the formed part in the manufacturing process can be certain amount of unqualified products, the yield of the current SLM product is about 70%, and the lower yield seriously influences the process of large-scale industrial application of additive manufacturing. The main reason for this is that there is no substantially reliable solution to the process repeatability and quality reliability problems during processing. At present, in the aerospace field, as the devices are large-size components, the time consumption is about several days to several months. Therefore, the reliability of the quality is particularly important, and a real-time detection device or equipment is needed to monitor the additive manufacturing process and perform feedback processing, so that the whole processing process is optimized in real time by performing targeted regulation and control on the processing process, and the final yield of the component and the printing quality are improved. Therefore, many research institutes have studied this in recent years both at home and abroad. At present, the American national aerospace agency, the American Lous Alamos national laboratory, the American Atuo national laboratory and the like research on the online monitoring of the appearance profile of a processing workpiece in the additive manufacturing process of large-scale aviation parts and complex industrial parts. Materials for processing additive manufacturing samples were investigated by EOS, SLMSolutions, 3d systems, usa, and the like; the method is characterized in that the method is researched for the on-line monitoring of the size and temperature field of a molten pool and the feedback control of process parameters in the additive manufacturing process, such as Belgiu university, Gem industry university, Finland Penglan university and the like; on-line and off-line ultrasonic testing of internal defects of the additive samples is carried out by German Fraunhofer research institute, Spain and Teloney university of Ritudinier, American national standards and technology research institute and the like; the additive sample defect offline X-ray detection research is carried out by Qinghua university, the American college of Caribo Meron, the university of Manchester in England and the university of Mona in Australia. However, at present, control equipment which gives consideration to all-dimensional online monitoring and feedback is still very deficient, and in the additive manufacturing process, process parameters and fluctuation of an external environment can generate various metallurgical defects in local areas inside parts, such as interlayer and inter-channel local unfused, involved and precipitated air holes, inclusions, cracks, stress concentration, buckling deformation and the like, and finally influence the internal quality, mechanical properties and service use safety of components of formed parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an online real-time monitoring system for various metal additive manufacturing monitoring devices, and aims to solve the problem that the conventional metal additive manufacturing monitoring devices cannot find the cause of a processing defect in time due to incomplete information acquisition.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring devices for metal additive manufacturing, which comprises a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, an infrared thermal imager detection module, an approaching visible high spectrum camera detection module, an interference imaging spectrometer detection module, a stress strain detection module, a laser ultrasonic detection module, an electronic computer tomography module, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module and a central processing unit, wherein all the detection modules are electrically connected with the central processing unit;
the high-speed camera detection module is used for detecting the three-dimensional profile precision of the additive manufactured part and the molten pool profile in real time and feeding back the three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool profile to the central processing unit; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for detecting the deflection angle of the laser in real time and feeding back the deflection angle to the central processing unit; the thermal infrared imager detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feeding the temperature back to the central processor; the near visible high spectrum camera detection module is used for detecting spatial information and spectrum information of a molten pool, sputtering and surrounding environment in real time and feeding back the spatial information and the spectrum information to the central processing unit; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used for obtaining a series of interference patterns changing along with optical path difference by utilizing an interference principle, obtaining a two-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectrum information of the material increase manufacturing piece through inversion and feeding back the two-dimensional space image and the one-dimensional spectrum information to the central processing unit; the stress-strain detection module is used for obtaining stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part in the machining process by using the stress-strain sensor and feeding the stress-strain data back to the central processing unit; the laser ultrasonic detection module is matched with the rotary processing table and used for detecting the surface and near surface defects of the additive manufacturing piece in real time and feeding back the surface and near surface defects to the central processing unit; the electronic computer tomography module is matched with the rotary processing table to detect the internal defects of the additive manufactured part and feed the internal defects back to the central processing unit; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used for determining the material composition and content of the additive manufactured part and feeding back the material composition and content to the central processing unit; the central processing unit is used for comparing the information fed back by each detection module with the set information thereof, and feeding back the information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after finding out processing errors and metallurgical defects, thereby realizing real-time regulation and control of the processing process.
Further, the central processing unit is further configured to form a precision-temperature relationship in the machining process according to the three-dimensional profile precision of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, the molten pool profile and molten pool temperature information fed back by the thermal infrared imager detection module, compare the precision-temperature relationship with a set precision-temperature curve, and feed back a comparison result to the metal additive manufacturing machining end to adjust the machining temperature and the laser moving speed to an optimal value combining the machining temperature and the laser moving speed.
Further, the central processing unit is further configured to position surface flaws of the additive manufactured part according to the three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, the two-dimensional spatial image and the one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module, and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the laser ultrasonic detection module, and feed back the positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end.
Further, the central processing unit is further used for obtaining a complete one-dimensional spectrum, a complete two-dimensional image and a complete three-dimensional graph of the additive manufacturing part after forming imaging is carried out according to the spatial information and the spectral information of the melting pool, the sputtering and the surrounding environment fed back by the near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module and the two-dimensional spatial image and the one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module.
Further, the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulation on the various physical quantities acquired by the detection modules, mapping is completed in a virtual space, a digital twin model is further established, modification information corresponding to the metal additive manufacturing processing end is generated through the model, and the modification information is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end in real time for real-time regulation and control.
Furthermore, the thermal infrared imager detection module comprises a thermal infrared imager, and the thermal infrared imager is arranged above the metal reinforced material cavity and a part of the cavity in front of the metal reinforced material cavity is made of sapphire.
Further, the visible spectrometer detection module comprises a visible spectrometer disposed within the metal additive fabricated cavity.
Further, the interference imaging spectrometer detection module comprises an interference imaging spectrometer, and the interference imaging spectrometer is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material manufactured cavity and a part of the cavity in front of the metal reinforced material manufactured cavity is made of organic glass.
Furthermore, the laser ultrasonic detection module comprises a laser emitter and an ultrasonic detector, and the laser ultrasonic detection module is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity and a part of the cavity in front of the metal reinforced material cavity is made of Glass windows dk 7.
Furthermore, an anti-reflection coating is coated on the inner side of a part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module.
Furthermore, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module comprises a pulse laser and a photoelectric converter, and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity and in front of the metal reinforced material cavity, and is made of GlassWiwsDK 7 material.
Furthermore, electron computer tomography module includes X ray emitter, X ray receiving arrangement and imaging system, electron computer tomography module is arranged in metal and is increased material and make the outside one side of cavity and the partial cavity in its place ahead and adopt organic glass.
Further, the stress-strain detection module comprises a stress-strain gauge, and the stress-strain gauge is attached to the substrate and the additive manufacturing piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the online real-time monitoring system for the metal additive manufacturing multiple monitoring devices, various information in the metal additive manufacturing process is simultaneously collected online in all directions through the multiple monitoring devices, so that the detection precision of a metal additive manufacturing piece in the printing process can be greatly improved, the quality of a finished product piece is finally improved, the raw material waste is reduced, and the cost is reduced; the defect information is fed back automatically through each detection module, the timeliness of the feedback is improved, further, the information is collected from the metal additive manufacturing processing position, the central processing unit analyzes the collected data and feeds the error data back to the closed-loop control of the metal additive manufacturing processing end, the printing time is saved greatly, and the metal additive manufacturing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic working diagram of an online real-time monitoring system of various monitoring devices for metal additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a closed-loop control flow chart of an online real-time monitoring system of various monitoring devices for metal additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of an online real-time monitoring system of a metal additive manufacturing system and various monitoring devices thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the system comprises a 1-rotary processing table, a 2-laser, a 3-visible spectrometer, a 4-interference imaging spectrometer, a 5-thermal infrared imager, a 6-high-speed industrial camera, a 7-near visible hyperspectral camera, an 8-laser ultrasonic detection module, a 9-glass windows DK7 material partial cavity, a 10-high-transmittance glass partial cavity, an 11-sapphire material partial cavity, a 12-organic glass partial cavity, a 13-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module, a 14-electronic computer tomography module, a 15-cable, a 16-central processing unit, a 17-information feedback module, an 18-stress strain detection module and a 19-X-ray receiving device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring devices in metal additive manufacturing, including a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, a thermal infrared imager detection module, an approaching visible spectrum camera detection module, an interference imaging spectrometer detection module, a stress strain detection module, a laser ultrasonic detection module, an electronic computer tomography module, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module, and a central processing unit, where each detection module is electrically connected to the central processing unit. The high-speed camera detection module is used for detecting the three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part in real time through a shot image and feeding back the detected three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool profile to the central processing unit, the central processing unit compares the acquired three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool plane defect of the additive manufactured part with set information through an image processing algorithm, and feeds back the acquired three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool plane defect to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after errors are found, so that the three-dimensional profile and the molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part are regulated and controlled; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for detecting the deflection angle of the laser in real time and feeding back the deflection angle to the central processing unit, the central processing unit compares the obtained deflection angle of the laser with a set value through a comparison algorithm, and feeds back the deflection angle of the laser to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after errors are found, so that the real-time regulation and control of the deflection angle of the laser are realized; the infrared thermal imager detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feeding back the temperature to the central processing unit, the central processing unit calculates the laser intensity according to the obtained temperature of the molten pool through a temperature calculation algorithm, compares the calculated laser intensity with a set value, and feeds back the laser intensity to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after errors are found, so that the laser intensity is regulated and controlled in real time; the near visible high spectrum camera detection module is used for detecting spatial information and spectral information of a molten pool, sputtering and a surrounding environment in real time and feeding back the spatial information and the spectral information to the central processing unit, the near visible high spectrum camera detection module can detect the external quality of a detected object and can also detect the internal quality of the molten pool and sputtering by utilizing a high spectrum technology, the molten pool in the metal additive manufacturing process is comprehensively monitored by internal and external maintenance, the central processing unit compares the acquired spatial information and spectral information with a set value through a comparison algorithm, and the error is found and then fed back to a metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so that the quality of the molten pool is regulated and controlled in real time; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used for obtaining a series of interference patterns changing along with optical path difference by using an interference principle, obtaining a two-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectrum information of the additive manufacturing piece through inversion and feeding back the two-dimensional space image and the one-dimensional spectrum information to the central processing unit, comparing the obtained two-dimensional space image and the one-dimensional spectrum information of the additive manufacturing piece with a set value through a comparison algorithm by the central processing unit, and feeding back the two-dimensional space image and the one-dimensional spectrum information to a metal additive manufacturing processing end after the difference is found, so that the related processing process is regulated and controlled; the stress-strain detection module is used for obtaining stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part in the machining process by using the stress-strain sensor and feeding the stress-strain data back to the central processing unit, the central processing unit compares the obtained stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part in the machining process with a set value through a comparison algorithm, and feeds the obtained stress-strain data back to the metal additive manufacturing machining end after the difference is found, so that the related machining process is regulated and controlled in real time; the laser ultrasonic detection module is matched with the rotary processing table and used for detecting the surface and near surface defects of the additive manufacturing piece in real time and feeding back the surface and near surface defects to the central processing unit, the central processing unit compares the obtained surface defects and material parameters of the additive manufacturing piece with set values through a comparison algorithm, and feeds back the obtained surface defects and material parameters to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after errors are found, so that the real-time regulation and control of the surface and near surface defect near parameters of the additive manufacturing piece are realized; the electronic computer tomography module is matched with the rotary processing table and used for detecting the internal defects and the internal geometric profiles of the additive manufactured parts in real time and feeding back the internal defects and the internal geometric profiles to the central processing unit, the central processing unit compares the obtained internal defects and the internal geometric profiles of the additive manufactured parts with the existing pictures through a comparison algorithm, and feeds the internal defects and the internal geometric profiles of the additive manufactured parts back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after errors are found, so that the internal problems of the additive manufactured parts which possibly occur are corrected in real time; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used for detecting the material composition and the content of the additive manufactured part in real time and feeding back the detected material composition and the content to the central processing unit, the central processing unit compares the obtained material composition and the content of the additive manufactured part with a set value through a comparison algorithm, and feeds back the obtained material composition and the content to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification after errors are found, so that the material composition and the content parameters of the additive manufactured part are regulated and controlled in real time. The algorithms in the central processing unit can be written by python or other computer programming languages. The metal additive manufacturing processing end is generally a metal 3D printer and a laser, and may further include other control equipment.
According to the online real-time monitoring system for the metal additive manufacturing multiple monitoring devices, provided by the embodiment of the invention, various information in the metal additive manufacturing process is simultaneously collected online in all directions through the multiple monitoring devices, so that the detection precision of a metal additive manufacturing piece in the printing process can be greatly improved, the yield of a finished product piece is finally improved, the waste of raw materials is reduced, and the cost is reduced; the defect information is fed back automatically through each detection module, the timeliness of the feedback is improved, further, the information is collected from the metal additive manufacturing processing position, the central processing unit analyzes the collected data and feeds the error data back to the closed-loop control of the metal additive manufacturing processing end, the printing time is saved greatly, and the metal additive manufacturing efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the central processing unit is further configured to form a precision-temperature relationship in the machining process according to the three-dimensional profile precision of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, the molten pool profile and molten pool temperature information fed back by the thermal infrared imager detection module, compare the precision-temperature relationship with a set precision-temperature curve, and feed back a comparison result to the metal additive manufacturing machining end to adjust the machining temperature and the laser movement speed to an optimal value combining the machining temperature and the laser movement speed.
Preferably, the central processing unit is further configured to position the surface flaws of the additive manufactured part according to the three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, the two-dimensional spatial image and the one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module, and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the laser ultrasonic detection module, and feed back the positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so that the processing speed is reduced at the flaws and the processing precision is improved at the next processing.
Preferably, the central processing unit is further configured to perform forming imaging according to the spatial information and spectral information of the molten pool, the sputtering and the surrounding environment fed back by the near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module and the two-dimensional spatial image and the one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module to obtain a complete one-dimensional spectrum, a complete two-dimensional image and a complete three-dimensional image of the additive manufactured part, so that the characteristics of the additive manufactured part are more completely reflected from one dimension to three dimensions, and the machining process is conveniently observed and studied.
More preferably, the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulation on the various physical quantities acquired by the detection modules, completes mapping in a virtual space, further establishes a Digital Twin model (Digital Twin), generates modification information corresponding to the metal additive manufacturing processing end through the model, and feeds the modification information back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end in real time for real-time regulation and control. The modification information may specifically be a track adjustment amount and a movement speed adjustment amount of the laser beam, a laser intensity adjustment amount, a deflection angle adjustment amount of the laser, and the like. As shown in FIG. 2, through the mutual cooperation of each detection module, the central processing unit and the metal 3d printer, the closed-loop control of printing, monitoring, feedback, modification and printing is finally realized, and the omnibearing online real-time monitoring and adjustment of the printing process are realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a metal additive manufacturing system and an online real-time monitoring system of various monitoring devices thereof. The metal additive manufacturing system comprises a metal additive manufacturing cavity, a metal 3d printer 1 and a laser 2, wherein the metal 3d printer and the laser are arranged in the cavity, and the rest part 10 of the cavity is made of common high-transparency glass except the parts specifically described below. The high-speed camera detection module comprises a high-speed industrial camera 6, and the high-speed industrial camera 6 is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity. The thermal infrared imager detection module comprises a thermal infrared imager 5, the thermal infrared imager 5 is arranged above the metal reinforced material cavity, common glass is not suitable for being used in front of the thermal infrared imager 5 due to the fact that common glass can reflect and obstruct infrared rays, and a part of the cavity 11 in front of the thermal infrared imager 5 is made of sapphire (Al) or sapphire2O3) The light transmittance from near ultraviolet to middle infrared is very good, meanwhile, the sapphire has very high mechanical strength, the external cavity for metal additive manufacturing can be completely supported, the high light transmittance enables infrared rays to pass through smoothly, the measurement error caused by optical error is effectively reduced, and the thermal infrared imager 5 can measure and calculate data more accurately. The visible spectrometer detection module comprises a visible spectrometer 3, and the visible spectrometer 3 is arranged in the metal reinforced material cavity. The approaching visible hyperspectral camera detection module comprises an approaching visible hyperspectral camera 7, and the approaching visible hyperspectral camera 7 is arranged above the metal reinforced material cavity. The detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer 4 comprises an interference imaging spectrometer 4, and the interference imaging spectrometer 4 is arranged outside the metal reinforced material cavityOn one side, because the common glass can generate larger influence on the interference process of light, if the common glass is adopted in front of the interference imaging spectrometer 4, the measurement result generates larger error, the partial cavity 12 in front of the interference imaging spectrometer 4 of the embodiment of the invention adopts organic glass, the optical performance of the organic glass (PMMA) ensures that the interference effect on the light is smaller, and the chemical stability, the mechanical property and the weather resistance of the organic glass are very excellent, so that the optical error in the information acquisition process can be reduced to the minimum. The laser ultrasonic detection module 8 comprises a laser transmitter and an ultrasonic detector, the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity, and due to the fact that the laser pulse of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 and the ultrasonic wave excited after the laser pulse contacts with a workpiece have high requirements on the permeability of the cavity material, part of the cavity 9 in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 is made of Glass windows DK7 material, and errors caused by laser reflection can be effectively reduced by using the material. Since laser can cause certain damage to human eyes, in the preferred embodiment, the inner side of a part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 is coated with an anti-reflection coating to protect the eyes of detection personnel. The laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection module 13 comprises a pulse laser and a photoelectric converter, and the laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection module is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity and a part of the cavity in front of the metal reinforced material cavity is made of GlassWiwsDK 7 material. The electron computer tomography module 14 comprises an X-ray emitter, an X-ray receiving device and an imaging system, wherein the electron computer tomography module 14 is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity, and a part of the cavity in front of the metal reinforced material cavity is made of organic glass, and the X-ray emitter emits X-rays to the X-ray receiving device 19. The stress-strain detection module 18 includes a stress-strain gauge that is attached to the substrate and the additive manufactured part to provide stress-strain data of the additive manufactured part during processing. According to the embodiment of the invention, different cavity materials are adopted before different equipment according to the information acquisition characteristics of different monitoring equipment, so that errors of optics, thermodynamics and the like are effectively reduced, and the detection precision is further improved.
Each of the detection modules further includes a cable connecting the detection instrument to the central processor 14 and a fixing member fixing the detection instrument. The monitoring system further comprises an information feedback module 17, the information feedback module 17 is connected with the central processing unit 16 through a cable 15, information collected by each detection module is transmitted to the central processing unit 16 through the cable 15, the information is transmitted to the information feedback module 17 after the information processing of the central processing unit 16 is finished and then is fed back to the metal 3d printer 1 to realize closed-loop control, the printing precision is further improved, the printing quality is improved, and a large amount of error information can be stored to prepare for artificial intelligence learning and error correction in the next step.
In the metal additive manufacturing process, because laser processing is in a high-temperature and high-brightness environment, each monitoring system is mainly used for detecting through an optical principle, in order to avoid the influence of a laser heat source on each monitoring system, infrared lasers with different wavelengths of the processing heat source and each monitoring system are selected, and when decoupling modes such as electronic computer tomography detection, laser ultrasonic detection, infrared thermal imager detection, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection and the like are carried out, a molten pool can be avoided through appropriately delaying a measurement time period so as to reduce interference. In order to avoid the influence of a heat source on monitoring, when an interference imaging spectrometer is used for detecting the three-dimensional profile, a single-wavelength (460nm) blue light is used as a projection light source, and a corresponding waveband light filter is installed for decoupling; for the infrared characteristic detection of the molten pool, decoupling is carried out through a coaxial monitoring design and a narrow band-pass filtering system mode; for the detection of the approaching visible high spectrum, decoupling is carried out in a narrow band-pass filtering system mode. Therefore, each monitoring system is guaranteed to acquire accurate information and is not interfered with each other.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (13)
1. The utility model provides a multiple monitoring facilities of metal additive manufacturing online real-time monitoring system which characterized in that: the system comprises a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, a thermal infrared imager detection module, an approximate visible high spectrum camera detection module, an interference imaging spectrometer detection module, a stress strain detection module, a laser ultrasonic detection module, an electronic computer tomography module, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module and a central processing unit, wherein all the detection modules are electrically connected with the central processing unit;
the high-speed camera detection module is used for detecting the three-dimensional profile precision of the additive manufactured part and the molten pool profile in real time and feeding back the three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool profile to the central processing unit; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for detecting the deflection angle of the laser in real time and feeding back the deflection angle to the central processing unit; the thermal infrared imager detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feeding the temperature back to the central processor; the near visible high spectrum camera detection module is used for detecting spatial information and spectrum information of a molten pool, sputtering and surrounding environment in real time and feeding back the spatial information and the spectrum information to the central processing unit; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used for obtaining a series of interference patterns changing along with optical path difference by utilizing an interference principle, obtaining a two-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectrum information of the material increase manufacturing piece through inversion and feeding back the two-dimensional space image and the one-dimensional spectrum information to the central processing unit; the stress-strain detection module is used for obtaining stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part in the machining process by using the stress-strain sensor and feeding the stress-strain data back to the central processing unit; the laser ultrasonic detection module is matched with the rotary processing table and used for detecting the surface and near surface defects of the additive manufacturing piece in real time and feeding back the surface and near surface defects to the central processing unit; the electronic computer tomography module is matched with the rotary processing table to detect the internal defects of the additive manufactured part and feed the internal defects back to the central processing unit; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used for determining the material composition and content of the additive manufactured part and feeding back the material composition and content to the central processing unit; the central processing unit is used for comparing the information fed back by each detection module with the set information thereof, and feeding back the information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after finding out processing errors and metallurgical defects, thereby realizing real-time regulation and control of the processing process.
2. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: and the central processor is also used for forming a precision-temperature relation of the machining process according to the three-dimensional profile precision of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, the molten pool profile and molten pool temperature information fed back by the thermal infrared imager detection module, comparing the precision-temperature relation with a set precision-temperature curve, and feeding a comparison result back to the metal additive manufacturing machining end so as to adjust the machining temperature and the laser moving speed to an optimal value combining the machining temperature and the laser moving speed.
3. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the central processing unit is further used for positioning surface flaws of the additive manufactured part according to the three-dimensional profile precision and the molten pool profile of the additive manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, the two-dimensional space image and the one-dimensional spectrum information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module, and the surface and near surface defect information of the additive manufactured part fed back by the laser ultrasonic detection module, and feeding back the positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end.
4. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the central processing unit is further used for carrying out forming imaging according to the space information and the spectrum information of the melting pool, the sputtering and the surrounding environment fed back by the approaching visible hyperspectral camera detection module and the two-dimensional space image and the one-dimensional spectrum information of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module to obtain a complete one-dimensional spectrum, a complete two-dimensional image and a complete three-dimensional graph of the additive manufacturing part.
5. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the central processing unit carries out multi-scale and multi-probability simulation on various physical quantities acquired by the detection modules, mapping is completed in a virtual space, a digital twin model is further established, modification information corresponding to the metal additive manufacturing processing end is generated through the model, and the modification information is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end in real time for real-time regulation and control.
6. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the thermal infrared imager detection module comprises a thermal infrared imager, and the thermal infrared imager is arranged above the metal reinforced material manufactured cavity and in front of the metal reinforced material manufactured cavity, and the partial cavity is made of sapphire.
7. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the visible spectrometer detection module comprises a visible spectrometer, and the visible spectrometer is arranged in the metal reinforced material cavity.
8. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: interference imaging spectrometer detection module is including interfering the imaging spectrometer, it arranges the outer one side of metal-reinforced material structure cavity and the partial cavity in its place ahead in to interfere the imaging spectrometer and adopts organic glass.
9. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the laser ultrasonic detection module comprises a laser emitter and an ultrasonic detector, and the laser ultrasonic detection module is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity and a part of the cavity in front of the metal reinforced material cavity is made of Glass Windows DK 7.
10. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 9, wherein: and an anti-reflection coating is coated on the inner side of part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module.
11. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module comprises a pulse laser and a photoelectric converter, and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity and is made of Glass Windows DK7 material in front of the metal reinforced material cavity.
12. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the electron computer tomography module comprises an X-ray emitter, an X-ray receiving device and an imaging system, and organic glass is arranged in the partial cavity which is arranged on one side outside the metal reinforced material cavity and in front of the metal reinforced material cavity.
13. The metal additive manufacturing multi-monitoring device online real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the stress-strain detection module comprises a stress-strain sheet, and the stress-strain sheet is attached to the substrate and the additive manufacturing piece.
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