CN111734358B - Comprehensive exploitation method for combustible ice in frozen soil area - Google Patents
Comprehensive exploitation method for combustible ice in frozen soil area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111734358B CN111734358B CN202010604591.9A CN202010604591A CN111734358B CN 111734358 B CN111734358 B CN 111734358B CN 202010604591 A CN202010604591 A CN 202010604591A CN 111734358 B CN111734358 B CN 111734358B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in a frozen soil area, which can exploit natural gas at multiple layers through the same well by arranging a main power well below a coal bed or shale under the main power well, increase production through horizontal fracturing, improve drilling and economic efficiency, reduce construction cost and adopt the natural gas produced by the main power well as a circulating medium, overcome the defects of slow gas outlet rate and low exploitation efficiency caused by non-uniformity of combustible ice enrichment during conventional vertical drilling depressurization exploitation, and arrange drill holes to a coal bed section and a shale section under a combustible ice enrichment layer, thereby improving the initial gas yield of the main power well, increasing the supply of the initial heating circulating medium and improving the gas yield and the gas production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil-gas exploration, and particularly relates to a comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in a frozen soil area.
Background
Combustible ice, also called natural gas hydrate, is a solid ice-like substance containing a cage structure formed by gases with relatively low molecular mass (such as methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the like) and water under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions (generally T is 0-10 ℃, and P is more than 10MPa), and is mainly caused in seabed sediments, land permafrost zones and some deep-water bottom sediments of lakes; the energy source is considered to be one of novel clean energy sources which replace coal, petroleum and natural gas and have the most potential in the 21 st century because of high energy density, wide distribution, large scale, shallow burial and excellent condition of materialization of the burial.
The combustible ice investigation was started at the end of 90 years in China, combustible ice samples were drilled for the first time in the south China sea spirit fox sea area in 2007, and natural gas hydrate pilot production in the south China sea is successful in 2017. The historical breakthrough is met again by the second round of trial production of natural gas hydrate (combustible ice) in the sea area of China at 26 days 3 and 26 months in 2020, two new world records of 'total gas production amount of 86.14 ten thousand cubic meters and daily average gas production amount of 2.87 ten thousand cubic meters' are created, the core technology of drilling and production of the horizontal well in the shallow soft stratum in the deep sea is overcome, the important crossing from 'exploratory trial production' to 'experimental trial production' is realized, and an important symbolic result is obtained in the industrialization process. In China, besides natural gas hydrate resources with huge potential in sea areas, the natural gas hydrate resources in land areas have wide prospects. China, as the third country with large frozen soil area, has conditions for forming natural gas hydrates. In 2008, hydrate sample samples are drilled in the permafrost zone in Qilian mountain areas for the first time in China, and great breakthrough of hydrate research in the land area of China is realized.
Research shows that the land natural gas hydrate and the abnormal phenomenon thereof are mainly generated between 100-400 meters below a frozen soil layer, only a few cracks can observe a hydrate sample in one drilling cycle, even two adjacent cracks are likely to have a phenomenon of hydrate and hydrate absence, the saturation is low, the spatial distribution has very strong heterogeneity, and the rock type generated by the hydrate has the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability and high mechanics. Therefore, when pressure reduction exploitation is used, the drill hole enters a hydrate layer to pump water and release pressure, the decomposition and release speed of the underground hydrate is slow, the gas production is small, and the exploitation efficiency is further influenced; in addition, the conventional depressurization-method mining has the advantages that the gas production speed is low, a layer of ice film is formed on the surface of the hydrate in the later period, the decomposition of the hydrate is inhibited, the hydrate is decomposed to absorb heat, water in cracks is frozen, the overflow of natural gas is further inhibited, and the economic efficiency is poor. Aiming at the problems, the application provides a brand-new comprehensive exploitation method for combustible ice in the frozen soil area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in a frozen soil zone aiming at the defects of the prior art, which can greatly improve the exploitation efficiency of combustible ice in a frozen soil zone and increase the economic efficiency of combustible ice exploitation in a strong heterogeneity zone.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: the comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: comprehensively compiling a distribution diagram of the thickness and the depth of the combustible ice in the mining area, a distribution diagram of the thickness of a frozen soil zone and a fracture distribution diagram in a work area according to regional geological data, geophysical prospecting data and drilling data of the combustible ice, and evaluating a combustible ice dessert area by combining the condition of collecting a combustible ice sample by drilling;
step two: according to exploration and exploitation data of regional coal, the distribution maps of the thickness, maturity and gas content of shale of a main coal seam and a coal-based stratum in a work area are worked out, and important attention needs to be paid to regions with large gas outburst in the excavation process;
step three: comprehensively evaluating and determining the position where the combustible ice exploitation main power well can be arranged according to the data compiled in the first step and the second step;
step four: according to the well position determined in the step, drilling a main power well in a three-opening mode, firstly drilling to a specified depth by adopting a core drilling process provided with a logging-while-drilling device, wherein the aperture of a final hole is 100mm, then reaming, recording the depth and the length of a gas logging display layer position, judging that a gas logging section is a hydrate layer section, a shale gas layer section and a coal bed gas layer section according to gas logging display characteristics and a drilled core, and putting a casing pipe with a corresponding diameter, wherein the specified depth of the drilled hole is 2 meters below the bottom boundary of a underlying coal-series stratum; drilling through the lowest coal measure stratum when a plurality of sets of underlying coal measure strata exist;
step five: carrying out hole sealing and water stopping treatment between an orifice sleeve and a rock wall, carrying out sleeve perforation on the gas measurement display layer position to enable the corresponding sleeve to form a flower pipe section, and installing a gas production tree, water pumping and pressure reducing equipment, heating equipment and a gas collecting device on the orifice, wherein the water pumping and pressure reducing equipment comprises water pumping equipment, a water drainage pipe, a power transmission cable, a liquid level sensor and the like;
step six: the pumping and depressurizing device is started to pump water in the well hole, the initial natural gas released by depressurization is collected, the initial released natural gas is heated by the heating device and the compression device and is injected into the well bottom through the double-layer drill rod, heating and analyzing are carried out on the underground hydrate layer section, the coal bed gas layer section, the shale gas layer section and the like so as to release more natural gas, the extracted natural gas is used as heating circulating gas, the rest natural gas is stored in the gas collecting device, the gas quantity is compensated in real time according to the gas output quantity of the well mouth, and the minimum required quantity of the heating circulating gas is met;
step seven: monitoring the gas production rate in real time, when the gas production rate is obviously reduced, descending a guide device from a main well, opening lateral branch horizontal directional holes for each gas-containing layer section (including a hydrate layer section, a coal bed gas layer section and a shale gas layer section), performing fracturing treatment, and arranging a pressure sensor at each fracturing layer section position of a casing for monitoring the gas production rate and the variation trend of each layer section;
step eight: after horizontal fracturing, when the daily gas production exceeds 10000m 3/day, heated natural gas does not need to be injected again; when the daily gas production rate is obviously reduced and is reduced to 10000m 3/day, high-temperature natural gas needs to be injected into the underground to heat the gas-containing layer section to drive the analysis of the natural gas, so that the productivity is improved;
step nine: and repeating the seven-eight steps, judging the gas production capacity of each gas-containing layer according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, and gradually terminating the fracturing transformation of the layer with weaker gas production capacity until all gas production is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the natural gas produced by the main power well is used as a circulating medium, a heat transfer medium does not need to be prepared additionally, the natural gas is particularly valuable for a permafrost zone area with a relatively tight resource, the influence on the environment of the permafrost zone is small, and the reusability is high; 2) the invention overcomes the defects of slow gas outlet rate and low exploitation efficiency caused by the non-uniformity of combustible ice enrichment in the conventional vertical drilling depressurization exploitation, and the drilling holes are arranged in the coal seam section and the shale section under the combustible ice enrichment layer, so that the initial gas production of the main well can be improved, the supply of the initial heating circulating medium is increased, and the gas production efficiency are improved; 3) by arranging the main force well below the underlying coal bed or shale, natural gas of multiple layers can be mined through the same well, and the yield is increased through horizontal fracturing, so that the drilling efficiency and the economic efficiency are improved, and the construction cost is reduced; 4) the circulating medium is heated by wind power; 5) optimizing a control system, controlling by PLC and CRT, and manually and remotely controlling; the program control is carried out by adopting a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based on a microprocessor, and a layered structure type is formed by a centralized control operation station and a PLC device. The program control logic design meets the requirements of the process system, the control system carries out centralized monitoring, management and automatic program control on the whole process system, and remote automatic and local manual operation can be realized; 6) the invention effectively solves the dispute about the combustible ice gas source, and can accurately analyze the combustible ice gas source by sampling the natural gas produced at different layers and testing the gas components and the hydrocarbon isotope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a remote control system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a combustible ice layer; 2. a coal seam; 3. a shale layer; 4. a sleeve; 5. double-layer drill rods; 6. and (5) pumping equipment.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: comprehensively compiling a distribution diagram of the thickness and the depth of the combustible ice in the mining area, a distribution diagram of the thickness of a frozen soil zone and a fracture distribution diagram in a work area according to regional geological data, geophysical prospecting data and drilling data of the combustible ice, and evaluating a combustible ice dessert area by combining the condition of collecting a combustible ice sample by drilling;
step two: according to exploration and exploitation data of regional coal, the distribution maps of the thickness, maturity and gas content of shale of a main coal seam and a coal-based stratum in a work area are worked out, and important attention needs to be paid to regions with large gas outburst in the excavation process;
step three: comprehensively evaluating and determining the position where the combustible ice exploitation main power well can be arranged according to the data compiled in the first step and the second step;
step four: according to the well position determined in the step, drilling a main power well in a three-opening mode, firstly drilling to a specified depth by adopting a core drilling process provided with a logging-while-drilling device, wherein the aperture of a final hole is 100mm, then reaming, recording the depth and the length of a gas logging display layer position, judging that the gas logging display layer position is a hydrate layer section, a shale gas layer section and a coal bed gas layer section according to gas logging display characteristics and a drilled core, and putting a casing 4 with a corresponding diameter, wherein the specified depth of the drilled hole is 2 meters below the bottom boundary of a coal bed stratum; drilling through the lowest coal measure stratum when a plurality of sets of underlying coal measure strata exist;
step five: performing hole sealing and water stopping treatment between an orifice casing and a rock wall, performing casing perforation on the gas measurement display layer position to enable the corresponding casing to form a flower pipe section, and installing a gas production tree, a water pumping and pressure reducing device, a heating device, a gas collecting device and a double-layer drill rod 5 at an orifice, wherein the water pumping and pressure reducing device comprises a water pumping device 6, a water drainage pipe, a power transmission cable, a liquid level sensor and the like, and is connected to the tail end of the double-layer drill rod 5 and placed into the bottom of a well;
step six: the pumping and depressurizing device is started to pump water in the well hole, initial natural gas released by depressurization is collected, the initial released natural gas is heated by the heating device and the compression device and is injected into the well bottom through the double-layer drill rod 5, the underground combustible ice layer 1, the coal bed 2, the shale layer 3 and the like are heated and analyzed, so that more natural gas is released, the extracted natural gas is used as heating circulating gas, the rest part of the natural gas is stored in the gas collecting device, the gas quantity is compensated in real time according to the gas output quantity of the well mouth, and the minimum required quantity of the heating circulating gas is met;
step seven: monitoring the gas production rate in real time, when the gas production rate is obviously reduced, descending a guide device from a main well, opening lateral branch horizontal directional holes for each gas-containing layer section (including a hydrate layer section, a coal bed gas layer section and a shale gas layer section), performing fracturing treatment, and arranging a pressure sensor at each fracturing layer section position of a casing for monitoring the gas production rate and the variation trend of each layer section;
step eight: after horizontal fracturing, the daily gas production is over 10000m3In the day, no heated natural gas needs to be injected; the daily gas production rate is obviously reduced and is reduced to 10000m3In a day, high-temperature natural gas needs to be injected into the underground to heat the gas-containing layer section to drive the analysis of the natural gas, so that the productivity is improved;
step nine: and repeating the seven-eight steps, judging the gas production capacity of each gas-containing layer according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, and gradually terminating the fracturing transformation of the layer with weaker gas production capacity until all gas production is finished.
The combustible ice investigation data in the first step comprise well data of an investigation well, geophysical data in an area, corresponding geochemical data and the like;
in the fourth step, the gas logging display horizon comprises a hydrate layer section, a coal bed gas layer section and a shale gas-containing layer section of the shale;
in the fourth step, the main power well is drilled in a three-opening mode, and the hole diameter and the sleeve are sequentially expanded from top to bottom: (1) the hole diameter of the reaming is 300mm, and the depth of the lower phi 215.9mm sleeve is 26.5 m; (2) the secondary aperture is 200mm, and the depth of the sleeve with the lower diameter of 177.8mm is 280.58 m; (3) the aperture of the third level is 152mm, the target depth of the lower phi 139.7mm sleeve is 500m, but the final hole depth is taken as the standard; because the stratum penetrated by the drill is mostly the shale rock, siltstone, coal bed and other rock stratums with poor stability, a certain amount of gravel is put into the drill from the well mouth in the drilling process, so that the stability of the well hole is improved;
in the fifth step, the water pumping equipment adopts a submersible pump, and the submersible pump has large water pumping amount and high water pumping speed, so that the aim of reducing the pressure can be quickly fulfilled; after the surface switch of the submersible pump is turned on, underground water in the hole is pumped to the surface, and when sand blockage, idling, overload and the like occur, the surface switch automatically trips by detecting the current condition to protect the submersible pump in the well, so that the purpose of automatically stopping the pump when the water in the hole falls to a position below 2 meters away from the bottom of the hole is achieved; the drain pipe adopts a phi 73 single-wall drill rod and is connected with the submersible pump, and water is discharged out of a hole through the drain pipe so as to achieve the purpose of reducing pressure; the submersible pump adopts a submersible electric pump with a sand prevention function;
in the sixth step, the initial natural gas released by depressurization is more important than the natural gas released by pumping water and depressurization of the combustible ice, and also comprises coal bed gas released from underlying coal beds and shale gas in the shale, so that the release amount of the initial natural gas is greatly improved, the natural gas using amount for heat media is ensured, the exploitation efficiency of the combustible ice is improved, and the exploitation cost is reduced; after the heated natural gas is injected into the bottom of the well through the double-layer drill rod, heating desorption is firstly carried out on shale gas in underlying coal bed gas and shale to release more natural gas, then the combustible ice layer on the upper portion is heated, the temperature-pressure balance of the combustible ice is broken, more efficient desorption of the combustible ice layer is promoted, and the one-time gas release amount is larger;
the heating system takes natural gas coming out of the main power well as a circulating medium, then carries out pressurization and heating through a compressor and a heater, and then transfers heat to the ground layer through the outer pipes of the double-layer drill rods respectively to promote the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate and continuously extracts the natural gas hydrate from the main power well to form a circulating loop;
the heating equipment adopts a wind, light and electricity compensation power generation technology and/or a plurality of groups of low-power electromagnetic heaters;
in the seventh step, because a plurality of hydrate enrichment layers, a plurality of thin coal layers and a plurality of shale layers exist, when horizontal directional drilling and fracturing are drilled, a horizontal drilling hole can be drilled at a similar layer position and fracturing is carried out, so that the efficiency of horizontal drilling is improved and the cost is reduced; when a hydrate layer is close to a coal bed gas layer, the hydrate layer and the coal bed gas layer can share one horizontal drilling hole for fracturing and combined mining, and other layers can adopt similar mining modes;
in the fracturing exploitation process, a liquid level sensor needs to be arranged at the bottom of a well, or a liquid level sensor is fixed at the lower end of pumping equipment and used for detecting and displaying the water level at the bottom of the well and keeping the water level not higher than 2 meters;
in addition, in the drilling process of the main power well, the well mouth gas sampling is carried out when the drill meets a combustible ice layer, the well mouth gas sampling is carried out for a plurality of times according to the depth when the drill meets the underlying shale and coal bed, the components and the hydrocarbon isotope test are carried out on the sampled products, the source of a combustible ice gas source can be accurately analyzed, people can conveniently know the formation mechanism of the combustible ice in a frozen soil area, and theoretical support is provided for development and utilization;
the wind-solar-electricity compensation power generation technology adopts a wind-solar complementary power supply system which mainly comprises a wind generating set, a solar photovoltaic battery pack, a controller, a storage battery, an inverter, an alternating current and direct current load and the like, and the system is a composite renewable energy power generation system which integrates a plurality of energy power generation technologies such as wind energy, solar energy, storage battery and the like and a system intelligent control technology;
the wind power generation part converts wind energy into mechanical energy by using a wind turbine, converts the mechanical energy into electric energy by using a wind driven generator, charges a storage battery by using a controller and supplies power to a load by using an inverter; the photovoltaic power generation part converts light energy into electric energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of the solar panel, then charges the storage battery, and converts direct current into alternating current through the inverter to supply power to a load;
the inverter system consists of a plurality of inverters, and the direct current in the storage battery is changed into the standard 220v alternating current, so that the normal use of alternating current load equipment is ensured. Meanwhile, the wind-solar hybrid power generation system has an automatic voltage stabilization function, and can improve the power supply quality of the wind-solar hybrid power generation system;
the control part continuously switches and adjusts the working state of the storage battery pack according to the sunlight intensity, the wind power and the load change: on the one hand, the adjusted electric energy is directly sent to a direct current or alternating current load. On the other hand, redundant electric energy is sent to a storage battery pack for storage. When the generated energy cannot meet the load requirement, the controller sends the electric energy of the storage battery to the load, so that the continuity and the stability of the work of the whole system are ensured;
the storage battery part consists of a plurality of storage batteries and plays two roles of energy regulation and load balancing in the system. The electric energy output by the wind power generation system and the photovoltaic power generation system is converted into chemical energy to be stored for use when the power supply is insufficient;
the wind-solar hybrid power generation system can operate in the following three modes according to the change conditions of wind power and solar radiation: the wind generating set independently supplies power to the load; the photovoltaic power generation system independently supplies power to the load; the wind generating set and the photovoltaic power generation system jointly supply power to a load;
optimizing a control system, and adopting PLC + CRT control and manual remote control; the program control is carried out by adopting a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based on a microprocessor, and a layered structure type is formed by a centralized control operation station and a PLC device. The program control logic design meets the requirements of the process system, the control system carries out centralized monitoring, management and automatic program control on the whole process system, and remote automatic and local manual operation can be realized. The normal operation mode is remote automatic, and other operation modes are supplement under specific working conditions. The selection of the above functions is realized on a manual/automatic switch on a control cabinet of a control room;
in a test mining area of combustible ice in a certain frozen soil zone, a middle dwara system river bin group, a wood lining group and an upper three-fold system gaga-le temple group are arranged under a combustible ice layer and are coal strata, wherein the coal strata and surrounding carbonaceous shale reach a mature window, and the coal strata and the surrounding carbonaceous shale have rich organic matter content and strong gas production capacity; the lower two-layer system and the carboniferous system have shale strata, the buried deep heat maturity of the shale strata is high, and the shale gas has certain shale gas potential.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: comprehensively compiling a distribution diagram of the thickness and the depth of the combustible ice in the mining area, a distribution diagram of the thickness of a frozen soil zone and a fracture distribution diagram in a work area according to regional geological data, geophysical prospecting data and drilling data of the combustible ice, and evaluating a combustible ice dessert area by combining the condition of collecting a combustible ice sample by drilling;
step two: according to exploration and exploitation data of regional coal, the distribution maps of the thickness, maturity and gas content of shale of a main coal seam and a coal-based stratum in a work area are worked out, and important attention needs to be paid to regions with large gas outburst in the excavation process;
step three: comprehensively evaluating and determining the position where the combustible ice exploitation main power well can be arranged according to the data compiled in the first step and the second step;
step four: according to the well position determined in the step, drilling the main power well in a three-opening mode, firstly drilling to a specified depth by adopting a core drilling process provided with a logging-while-drilling device, wherein the aperture of a final hole is 100mm, then reaming, recording the depth and the length of a gas logging display layer position, judging that a gas logging section is a hydrate layer section, a shale gas layer section and a coal bed gas layer section according to gas logging display characteristics and a drilled core, and putting a casing pipe with a corresponding diameter, wherein the specified depth of the drilled hole of the main power well is 2 meters below the bottom boundary of a underlying coal-series stratum; drilling through the lowest coal measure stratum when a plurality of sets of underlying coal measure strata exist;
step five: carrying out hole sealing and water stopping treatment between an orifice casing and a rock wall, carrying out casing perforation on the gas measurement display layer position to enable the corresponding casing to form a flower pipe section, and installing a gas production tree, a water pumping and pressure reducing device, a heating device, a gas collecting device and a double-layer drill rod on the orifice, wherein the water pumping and pressure reducing device comprises a water pumping device, a water drainage pipe, a power transmission cable and a liquid level sensor, and is connected to the tail end of the double-layer drill rod and placed into the bottom of a well;
step six: pumping water and depressurizing equipment is started to pump water in a well hole, initial natural gas released by depressurization is collected, the initial released natural gas is heated by heating equipment and compression equipment and is injected into the well bottom through a double-layer drill rod, heating and analyzing are carried out on a hydrate layer section, a coal bed gas layer section and a shale gas layer section under the well so as to release more natural gas, the recovered natural gas is used as heating circulating gas, the rest natural gas is stored in a gas collecting device, gas quantity is compensated in real time according to the gas output of the well mouth, and the minimum demand of the heating circulating gas is met;
step seven: monitoring the gas production rate in real time, when the gas production rate is obviously reduced, descending a guide device from a main well, forming lateral branch horizontal directional holes on each gas-containing layer section, performing fracturing treatment, and arranging pressure sensors at the positions of each fracturing layer section of the casing for monitoring the gas production speed and the change trend of each layer section; wherein each gas-containing interval comprises a hydrate interval, a coal bed gas interval and a shale gas interval;
step eight: after horizontal fracturing, the daily gas production is over 10000m3In the day, no heated natural gas needs to be injected; the daily gas production rate is obviously reduced and is less than 10000m3In a day, high-temperature natural gas needs to be injected into the underground to heat the gas-containing layer section to drive the analysis of the natural gas, so that the productivity is improved;
step nine: and repeating the seventh step to the eighth step, judging the gas production capacity of each gas-containing layer according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, and gradually terminating the fracturing transformation of the layer with weaker gas production capacity until all gas production is finished.
2. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein: drilling the main power well in a three-opening mode, wherein the hole diameter and the sleeve are sequentially expanded from top to bottom: (1) the hole diameter of the reaming is 300mm, and the depth of the lower phi 215.9mm sleeve is 26.5 m; (2) the secondary aperture is 200mm, and the depth of the sleeve with the lower diameter of 177.8mm is 280.58 m; (3) the aperture of the third level is 152mm, and the target depth of the lower phi 139.7mm sleeve is 500 m; as the stratum penetrated by the drill is mainly argillaceous rocks, siltstones and the stratum with poor coal bed stability, a certain amount of gravels are thrown from a well mouth in the drilling process, and the stability of a well hole is improved.
3. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the water pumping equipment adopts a submersible pump, and the submersible pump has large water pumping amount and high water pumping speed, so that the aim of reducing the pressure can be quickly fulfilled; after the surface switch of the submersible pump is turned on, underground water in the hole is pumped to the surface, and when sand blockage, idling and overload conditions occur, the surface switch automatically trips by detecting the current condition to protect the submersible pump in the well, so that the purpose of automatically stopping the pump when the water in the hole falls to a position below 2 meters away from the bottom of the hole is achieved; the drain pipe adopts a phi 73 single-wall drill rod and is connected with the submersible pump, and water is discharged out of a hole through the drain pipe so as to achieve the purpose of reducing pressure; the submersible pump adopts a submersible electric pump with a sand prevention function.
4. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein: in the sixth step, the initial natural gas released by depressurization is more important than the natural gas released by pumping water and depressurization of the combustible ice, and also comprises coal bed gas released from underlying coal beds and shale gas in the shale, so that the release amount of the initial natural gas is greatly improved, the natural gas using amount for heat media is ensured, the exploitation efficiency of the combustible ice is improved, and the exploitation cost is reduced; after the heated natural gas is injected into the bottom of the well through the double-layer drill rod, the shale gas in the underlying coal bed gas and shale is heated and desorbed to release a larger amount of natural gas, then the combustible ice layer on the upper portion is heated, the temperature-pressure balance of the combustible ice is broken, the more efficient desorption of the combustible ice layer is promoted, and the one-time gas release amount is larger.
5. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein: in the seventh step, because a plurality of hydrate enrichment layers, a plurality of thin coal layers and a plurality of shale layers exist, when horizontal directional drilling and fracturing are drilled, a horizontal drilling hole is drilled at a similar layer position, and fracturing is carried out, so that the efficiency of horizontal drilling is improved, and the cost is reduced; when the hydrate layer is similar to the coal bed gas layer, the hydrate layer and the coal bed gas layer share one horizontal drilling hole for fracturing and combined mining, and other layers also adopt a similar mining mode.
6. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area according to claim 4, wherein: the heating equipment adopts wind, light and electricity compensation power generation technology and/or a plurality of groups of low-power electromagnetic heaters.
7. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area according to claim 6, wherein: the wind-solar-electric compensation power generation technology adopts a wind-solar complementary power supply system which mainly comprises a wind generating set, a solar photovoltaic battery pack, a controller, a storage battery, an inverter and an alternating current and direct current load, and the system is a composite renewable energy power generation system which integrates multiple energy power generation technologies of wind energy, solar energy and the storage battery and a system intelligent control technology.
8. The comprehensive exploitation method of combustible ice in the frozen soil area according to claim 1, wherein: and optimizing the control system by adopting PLC + CRT control and manual remote control.
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| CN113216932B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-10-18 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所 | System and method for monitoring natural gas hydrate development environmental effect in frozen soil area |
| CN113482545A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-10-08 | 伍丕济 | Mining method of deep-sea combustible ice |
| CN117131644B (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2024-04-16 | 中南大学 | Frozen soil drilling arrangement method based on Kriging interpolation and Thiessen polygon |
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