CN111722950B - Hard disk fault maintenance method - Google Patents
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- CN111722950B CN111722950B CN201910215170.4A CN201910215170A CN111722950B CN 111722950 B CN111722950 B CN 111722950B CN 201910215170 A CN201910215170 A CN 201910215170A CN 111722950 B CN111722950 B CN 111722950B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0706—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment
- G06F11/0727—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment in a storage system, e.g. in a DASD or network based storage system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/079—Root cause analysis, i.e. error or fault diagnosis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0793—Remedial or corrective actions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
Abstract
The application discloses a hard disk fault maintenance method, which comprises the steps of connecting a fault hard disk to be maintained with a SATA adapter, then communicating with the hard disk through software, scanning the hard disk, reading an address decoder module of a memory area of the hard disk, finding out a dead point N, converting the dead point address M into a defect address P, setting the defect length L as one, inserting the defect address into the address decoder module, and writing address decoder data into a hard disk memory; the application adopts the automatic scanning of the program, thus the operation is more convenient, and the application directly modifies the address decoder data in the memory, and because the modification of the address decoder module is directly completed in the memory area, each modification can be immediately effective, thereby greatly saving the time.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of hard disk data recovery, in particular to a hard disk fault maintenance method.
Background
In the field of computer information, a hard disk is the most important data storage device, and if the hard disk fails and cannot work normally, user data stored on the hard disk is lost or cannot be read. In this case, if the important data on the hard disk needs to be extracted, a special data recovery technology needs to be used. Different types of failures of hard disks require repair by different techniques. At present, on a hard disk pushed by a Seagate manufacturer, a common fault type is commonly called address decoder fault or front-good-back bad fault. The failure is represented by the fact that the hard disk starts from a certain sector address and suddenly fails to read data, i.e. from a certain sector, the front sector can read normally, and the rear sector reports the read failure entirely, which results in the total loss of the data previously stored in the rear sector by the user, which is a typical representation of a bad failure before, after, and after. The failure is likely to occur on almost all types of hard disks produced by the Seagate manufacturer, and the failure has a relatively high occurrence rate compared with other types of hard disk failures, and has high maintenance requirements in the data recovery industry.
It has been found that the cause of the bad failure is actually due to the data disorder of the address decoder module in the Seagate hard disk firmware. At present, there is no unified method in the industry for processing the front-good and back-bad faults, and usually, maintenance engineers manually repair the disordered data of the address decoder module by means of personal experience, so as to solve the faults. This makes the repair of the failure very complex, and because the data format of the hard disk address decoder module of the new Seagate model is more complex, it is almost impossible to complete the repair empirically. Therefore, at present, the industry has almost no better maintenance method for the front-good and back-bad faults of the Seagate novel hard disk.
In general maintenance operation, the defective pixels are added to the defect table, and because the defective pixels are added to the defect table, the hard disk must perform the operation of reconstructing the decoder to be effective, and the reconstructing the decoder is very time-consuming, usually needs 1 to 2 minutes once, and the defect length of one defective pixel may sometimes reach hundreds or even thousands of sectors, then it may be necessary to perform the operation of reconstructing the decoder hundreds or even thousands of times, and the hard disk may usually generate a very large number of defective pixels, which means that a complete repair is performed, and the time length varies from several hours to several weeks, and may even theoretically be as long as months, so that data recovery becomes practically impossible.
The application provides a new method for repairing the front and back bad faults of a hard disk, which is suitable for repairing all types of hard disks of a Seagate F3 structure through an algorithm and software automation, solves the problem that no effective repair method exists for the front and back bad faults in the industry at present, and can support the latest types of hard disks of the Seagate manufacturer (the specific types of the application are applicable to all types of hard disks of the Seagate F3 structure, including, but not limited to, the Seagate LM series, the Seagate DM series, the Seagate 524NS series, the Seagate 542AS series, the Seagate 646NS series, the Seagate VM series, the Seagate NM series, the Seagate LT series, the Seagate 1CH series, the Seagate 7200.12 series, the Seagate 7200.4 series, the Seagate 5400.6 series, the Seagate 5400.5 series and the like).
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the application provides a hard disk fault maintenance method, when a Seagate hard disk breaks down, if the front good and back bad faults caused by the disorder of an address decoder in firmware are confirmed, the hard disk can be repaired by using the method provided by the application, and the user data stored on the hard disk can be successfully recovered, so that the problem is solved.
The application provides the following technical scheme: a hard disk fault maintenance method comprises the following steps:
s1: the failed hard disk to be serviced should be connected to any type of SATA adapter and be able to communicate with the hard disk through software.
S2: and scanning the hard disk to find out the dead pixel N.
S3: after finding out the dead pixel, send the factory instruction to the hard disk, read the specific position in the memory area of the hard disk, can find out the address decoder module of the hard disk.
S4: and (2) converting the address M of the defective pixel found in the step (S2) into a defective address P, setting the defect length L as one, searching an entry with the defective address larger than P and the defective address smaller than P in an address decoder module, inserting the defective address P into the address decoder module of the RAM area, namely, between the two entries with the defective address larger than P and the defective address smaller than P, so that the defective address of the new entry is P, the defect length is L, and writing the modified address decoder data into a hard disk memory.
S5: then scan the bad point in S2 again, judge this bad point can read normally at this moment, if can read normally, show this bad point has been repaired, a large sector that the bad point was located backward at this moment all can become readable.
S6: and then repeating the operation of S2, continuing to search for the next dead pixel and repairing the next dead pixel until the whole hard disk is repaired.
S6-1: if the defective pixel still cannot be read normally at this time, the defect length representing the defective pixel is not 1, and then step S7 is required.
S7: adding one to the length L of the defect entry in the S4 to generate a new defect address P and writing the new defect address P into an address decoder module of the hard disk RAM area again; then, step S5 is executed again, and it is checked whether the dead pixel is repaired, if not, step S7 is continued until the dead pixel is repaired.
S8: and finally repeating the steps S2-S7 again, and continuously searching and repairing the next dead point until the whole hard disk is repaired.
As a still further design for the foregoing technical solution: the bad points in the step S2 are the boundary point sectors of the bad sector and the good sector.
As a still further design for the foregoing technical solution: the scanning software used in the step S2 includes the following steps:
b1: a hard disk scan is started.
B2: scan sector address a=0.
B3: a is greater than the hard disk maximum address.
B3-1: and when the A is not more than the maximum address of the hard disk, sending a sector scanning instruction to the hard disk, wherein the scanning address is A.
B3-2: the hard disk answers the sector sweep result.
B3-3: and drawing the scanning color block according to the result.
B3-4: sector address a=a+1 and step B3 is repeated until a is greater than the hard disk maximum address, and step B4 is performed.
B4: and (5) finishing the scanning.
As a still further design for the foregoing technical solution: the address decoder module in the above step S3 is essentially a defect table, on which defects on the hard disk storage medium are stored, and is a specific implementation of the P table and the G table of the hard disk, and the address decoder table has a plurality of entries, each of which mainly includes two defect addresses and defect lengths.
As a still further design for the foregoing technical solution: inserting new entries into the address decoder data in step S4 is equivalent to adding the sector where the defective pixel is located to the defect table, the defect length is one, and the modification in the hard disk RAM is immediately effective.
The beneficial effects of the application are that
The application does not need to search bad points through manual scanning, so that the bad point mode of cyclic scanning is automatically completed by the program, and the next bad point can be automatically searched until the whole hard disk is repaired, and complex operation is not needed, thereby facilitating the maintenance operation of the Seagate hard disk.
The application directly modifies the address decoder data in the memory by directly modifying the address decoder data in the memory area (RAM area) of the hard disk, and the application can immediately take effect each time after directly modifying the address decoder module in the memory area, thereby greatly saving time, omitting the operation which needs to reconstruct the decoder even if a large number of bad points exist in the hard disk, avoiding a large amount of time for repairing, leading the repairing operation to be more convenient and saving time.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the scanning software of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is described in detail through specific embodiments.
Example 1:
step one: the hard disk needs to be connected to any SATA adapter so that the maintenance software can communicate with the hard disk, send factory instructions to the hard disk, and read and write the firmware of the hard disk.
Step two: the software needs to scan the hard disk sector by using a hard disk sector scanning instruction, and when the sector address N is found to meet that all sector addresses smaller than N can be read normally, but all sector addresses larger than or equal to N cannot be read, and the hard disk reports a check error which can not be recovered by UNC, the sector N can be judged to be a bad point.
Step three: for a specific hard disk, the address decoder is loaded to the memory address m when the hard disk is started, and the factory instruction is used for reading the data with sufficient length from the memory address m of the hard disk, so that the address decoder data can be obtained. The address decoder is a two-dimensional table data structure, and is composed of a plurality of hard disk defect entries, and each entry mainly has two items of a defect address and a defect length.
Step four: the sector address M of the defective pixel is converted into a defective address P, then P is added in front of an entry smaller than P in the address decoder, the defect length is initially set to be 1 behind an entry larger than P, and then the modified address decoder is written into a hard disk memory to be immediately effective.
Step five: rescanning the original defective pixel N, if the N sector becomes readable at the moment, indicating that the defective pixel is repaired, if the N sector still cannot be read, indicating that the defect length is insufficient, changing the defect length added before into 2, and writing the address P into the hard disk memory area again. The dead pixel N is scanned again, and if the dead pixel N is not repaired yet, the process is continued. That is, the initial length of the defect P is 1, and then the defective pixel is scanned, and if not, the length is changed to 2,3,4,5, …, etc. in order, and the defective pixel is scanned once every time it is modified. The problem of bad data is caused by the disorder of the data of the defect list, specifically, the defect of length X is originally arranged at the position of the bad point, but the defect is lost later, so that as long as we continuously increase the length of P, the step length of each increase is 1, and as long as the length is just equal to the original length X at a certain time, the bad point is repaired.
Step six: after a single defective pixel is repaired, a large sector will usually become readable from the repaired defective pixel, so that a portion of the data is recovered. However, a plurality of bad points can be generated due to the general bad faults before and after the bad point is repaired, and the next bad point is exposed after one bad point is repaired, so that the next bad point needs to be searched and repaired by continuing to scan back from the bad point which is just repaired, namely, the step 2 to the step 6 needs to be repeated until the sector of the whole hard disk is repaired.
The hard disk failure maintenance method of embodiment 1 is used for testing, and specific examples are as follows:
the model of the hard disk with the Seagate hard disk is LM035, and the user needs to recover the data. Detection and recovery were performed using the procedure of example 1:
(1) And using a disk scanning tool to carry out full-disk scanning on the hard disk, and finding out that the sector LBA address of the current dead point is 4169728 sector. The sector satisfies that the sector before it is readable, and all sectors after it (including itself) cannot be read, and thus is judged as a bad point.
(2) And sending a factory command to the hard disk, and reading a memory area (RAM area) of the hard disk. The address decoder is positioned at the m address of the hard disk memory area, and the address decoder data can be obtained by reading a sufficient length from the m address.
(3) The sector address M of the defective pixel is converted into a defective address P, and in this hard disk, when n= 4169728, p= 5554176. In this hard disk, the address decoder already contains a number of defect entries, and we find an entry W among the defect entries such that the defect address of the W entry is less than 5554176 and the defect address of the w+1 entry is greater than 5554176. We find an entry W whose defect address=5279744, and w+1 entry whose defect address is 5701632, satisfying the required condition.
(4) We insert a new entry after the W entry found in the previous step (entry with defect address 5279744), set the defect address of the new entry to p= 5554176, then set the initial defect length to 1, and then write the modified address decoder to the hard disk memory. The write will take effect immediately after the write.
(5) The original bad point n= 4169728 sector is rescanned. At this point the sector is still unreadable, indicating a defect length other than 1.
(6) Returning to step 4, the defect address of the inserted new entry is unchanged, still p= 5554176, then the defect length is increased by one sector, set to 2, and the modified address decoder is written into the hard disk memory again. The write takes effect immediately after the write. The defective sector is rescanned, still unread, and returns to step 4 again, the defect length is set to 3, and so on.
(7) The above steps are repeated until the defect length is set to 116, the sector 4169728 of the defective pixel becomes readable normally, and the correct defect length is confirmed to be 116, at which point the defective pixel is successfully repaired.
(8) After the sector of the No. 4169728 defective pixel is repaired, a large sector at the back of the sector can be read normally, at the moment, the sector of the No. 4169728 is scanned backwards continuously, and when the sector of the No. 8843264 is scanned, the sector cannot be read again, and the second defective pixel is found through detection.
(9) Repeating the previous steps to repair the 2 nd dead pixel. After the second bad point is repaired, the backward scanning is continued from the 8843264 sector. Then the 3 rd dead pixel is found, and the previous steps are repeated again. The whole process is to scan the hard disk, find out the dead pixel, repair the dead pixel, and continue the backward scanning process until the whole hard disk is scanned.
(10) And finally, after the whole hard disk is scanned, all the corresponding defect addresses at all the bad points are added into the address decoder, and the defect length is tested to be the correct length. The hard disk scans to 3 bad spots in total, and adds 3 defect entries.
(11) The modified address decoder data in the hard disk RAM is effective immediately, but because the content of the RAM is lost after power failure, the address decoder data in the RAM should be written into the 2B firmware module or the Seagate No. 28 and No. 35 system files of the hard disk after the repair is completed completely. After the address decoder data is written into the hard disk firmware module or the system file, the address decoder data can be permanently validated. Thus, the whole repair process is completed, and the hard disk data is successfully recovered.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present application, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present application and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The hard disk fault maintenance method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: connecting a fault hard disk to be maintained to any type of SATA adapter, and communicating with the hard disk through software;
s2: scanning the hard disk to find out a dead pixel N;
s3: after finding out the dead pixel, send the factory instruction to the hard disk, read the memory of the hard disk, can find the address decoder module of the hard disk;
s4: converting the address M of the defective pixel found in the step S2 into a defective address P, setting the defect length L as 1, searching an address decoder module for an entry with the defective address greater than P and the defective address less than P, inserting the defective address P into the address decoder module of the RAM area, namely, between the two entries with the defective address greater than P and the defective address less than P, so that the defective address becomes a new defective entry, wherein the defective address is P, the defect length is L, and writing the modified address decoder data into a hard disk memory;
s5: then scanning the bad point in S2 again, judging whether the bad point can be read normally at the moment, if so, indicating that the bad point is repaired, and changing the unreadable state into the normally readable state from the sector behind the previous bad point address M until the sector in front of the next bad point address;
s6: then repeating the operation of S2, continuously searching for the next bad point, and repairing the next bad point until the whole hard disk is repaired;
s6-1: if the defective pixel still cannot be read normally at this time, the defect length representing the defective pixel is not 1, and then step S7 is needed;
s7: adding 1 to the length L of the defect entry in the S4 to generate a new defect address P and writing the new defect address P into an address decoder module of the hard disk RAM area again; then, executing the step S5 again, checking whether the dead pixel is repaired, if not, continuing the step S7 until the dead pixel is repaired;
s8: and finally repeating the steps S2-S7 again, and continuously searching and repairing the next dead point until the whole hard disk is repaired.
2. The method for repairing a hard disk failure according to claim 1, wherein: the bad points in the step S2 are the boundary point sectors of the bad sectors and the good sectors.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning software used in step S2 includes the following steps:
b1: starting hard disk scanning;
b2: scan sector address a=0;
b3: whether A is larger than the maximum address of the hard disk;
b3-1: when A is not greater than the maximum address of the hard disk, a sector scanning instruction is sent to the hard disk, and the scanning address is A;
b3-2: the hard disk answers the sector scanning result;
b3-3: drawing a scanning color block according to the result;
b3-4: sector address a=a+1 and step B3 is repeated until a is greater than the maximum address of the hard disk, and step B4 is executed;
b4: and (5) finishing the scanning.
4. The method for repairing a hard disk failure according to claim 1, wherein: the address decoder module in step S3 is essentially a defect table, on which defects on the hard disk storage medium are stored, and is a specific implementation of the hard disk P table and the hard disk G table, and the address decoder table has a plurality of entries, each of which mainly includes two defect addresses and defect lengths.
5. The method for repairing a hard disk failure according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, a new entry created by the defective pixel address M is inserted into the address decoder in the hard disk memory, and the sector in which the defective pixel is located is actually added to the defect table, and the modification in the hard disk RAM is immediately effective.
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