CN111639924B

CN111639924B - Artwork auction method and system based on block chain

Info

Publication number: CN111639924B
Application number: CN202010473441.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马博文; 于中阳
Original assignee: Shanghai Wangchain Information Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Jimu Galaxy Digital Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-29
Filing date: 2020-05-29
Publication date: 2021-05-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-29
Also published as: CN111639924A

Abstract

The invention discloses a block chain-based artwork auction method and a block chain-based artwork auction system, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: converting the cargo entity into token information; creating four protocols in the intelligent contract; the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol; creating an auction instance of a seller by creating an auction protocol, storing token information in a block chain, and locking the token information in the block chain by adopting a delivery guarantee protocol; storing the asset entities of the bidders in a payment guarantee protocol as a deposit; starting an auction instance in the block chain, completing an auction process by adopting an auction protocol, storing a bid record, and copying the bid record to each node in the block chain; and after the bidding process is finished, paying the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol, and executing the delivery process through the delivery guarantee protocol. The method improves the transparency in the auction and improves the security.

Description

Artwork auction method and system based on block chain

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a block chain-based artwork auction method and system.

Background

Currently, a typical on-line auction system includes bidders, third parties, and auctioneers. The centralized third party provides a platform for bidders and auctioneers to promote their goods, check current maximum bid prices, etc. For example, E-bay and Yahoo both receive profits from such bidding systems. However, there are three major problems with online auctions, including: a centralized third party charges a large amount of fee, and the transaction cost is increased; the privacy of personal data and transaction history stored on the centralized database server may be compromised; whether the third-party server is credible or not and whether background dark box operation exists or not; the bidding process is not retroactive and transparency in the auction is low, thus security is low.

Therefore, how to improve the transparency and the security in the auction is an urgent problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a block chain-based artwork auction method and system, so as to improve transparency and safety in auction.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a block chain-based artwork auction method, which comprises the following steps:

converting the cargo entity into token information;

creating four protocols in the intelligent contract; the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol;

creating an auction instance of a seller through the auction creating protocol, storing the token information in a block chain, and locking the token information in the block chain by adopting the delivery guarantee protocol;

storing asset entities of bidders in the payment guarantee protocol as a deposit;

starting an auction instance in the block chain, finishing an auction process by adopting the auction protocol, storing a bid record, and copying the bid record to each node in the block chain;

and after the bidding process is finished, paying the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol, and executing a delivery process by using the delivery guarantee protocol.

Preferably, after the payment is made by using the create auction protocol, the method further comprises:

and receiving transaction confirmation information sent by the Ethenhouse platform, and returning the deposit back to the account of the bidder.

Preferably, before converting the cargo entity into token information, the method further includes:

setting three types of entities; the three types of entities include non-homogeneous token NFT, organizational entities and asset entities that describe cargo information.

Preferably, the block chain comprises four sub-chains, each sub-chain has a block chain structure, and each sub-chain has an independent account book; the four sub-chains are a certificate chain, an auction chain, an asset chain and a logistics chain.

Preferably, the token information is divided into two parts, one part of the token information is stored in the intelligent contract, and the other part of the token information is placed in one file and stored in the local or user side.

The invention also provides a block chain-based artwork auction system, which is used for realizing the method and comprises the following steps:

the conversion module is used for converting the cargo entity into token information;

the protocol module is used for creating four protocols in the intelligent contract; the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol;

the locking module is used for creating an auction instance of a seller through the auction creating protocol, storing the token information in a block chain, and locking the token information in the block chain by adopting the delivery guarantee protocol;

the storage module is used for storing the asset entity of the bidder in the payment guarantee protocol to be used as a guarantee fund;

the auction module is used for starting an auction instance in the block chain, completing the auction process by adopting the auction protocol, storing the bid records and copying the bid records to each node in the block chain;

and the payment module is used for paying the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol after the bidding process is finished, and executing the delivery process through the delivery guarantee protocol.

Preferably, the system further comprises:

and the return module is used for receiving the transaction confirmation information sent by the Ethenhouse platform and returning the deposit back to the account of the bidder.

Preferably, the system further comprises:

the setting module is used for setting three types of entities; the three types of entities include non-homogeneous token NFT, organizational entities and asset entities that describe cargo information.

The artwork auction method and system based on the block chain provided by the invention convert goods entities into token information; creating four protocols in the intelligent contract; the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol; creating an auction instance of a seller through the auction creating protocol, storing the token information in a block chain, and locking the token information in the block chain by adopting the delivery guarantee protocol; storing asset entities of bidders in the payment guarantee protocol as a deposit; starting an auction instance in the block chain, finishing an auction process by adopting the auction protocol, storing a bid record, and copying the bid record to each node in the block chain; and after the bidding process is finished, paying the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol, and executing a delivery process by using the delivery guarantee protocol. Therefore, four protocols are established in the intelligent contract, the auction process is completed by adopting the auction protocols, the bid records are stored and copied to each node in the block chain, so that the whole transaction process executed on the block chain is transparent, each node can clearly know the bid records of bidders, the transparency in the auction is improved, and the safety is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for art auction based on block chain according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an auction flow design;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of information interaction between four child chains;

FIG. 4 is an interaction diagram of four functional modules of a complete token;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating information interaction between four protocols;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a bidding protocol;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of information interaction of an intelligent contract;

FIG. 8 is a block chain-based artwork auction system architecture diagram according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a block chain architecture.

Detailed Description

The core of the invention is to provide a block chain-based artwork auction method and system to improve the transparency and the security in the auction.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for auctioning artwork based on block chains according to the present invention, which includes the following steps:

s11: converting the cargo entity into token information;

s12: creating four protocols in the intelligent contract;

the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol;

s13: creating an auction instance of a seller by creating an auction protocol, storing token information in a block chain, and locking the token information in the block chain by adopting a delivery guarantee protocol;

s14: storing the asset entities of the bidders in a payment guarantee protocol as a deposit;

s15: starting an auction instance in the block chain, completing an auction process by adopting an auction protocol, storing a bid record, and copying the bid record to each node in the block chain;

s16: and after the bidding process is finished, paying the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol, and executing the delivery process by using the delivery guarantee protocol.

Therefore, in the method, four protocols are established in the intelligent contract, the auction process is completed by adopting the auction protocols, the bid records are stored, and the bid records are copied to each node in the block chain, so that the whole transaction process executed on the block chain is transparent, each node can clearly know the bid records of bidders, the transparency in the auction is improved, and the safety is improved.

Based on the above method, further, in step S16, after making payment by using the auction-creating agreement, the method further includes the following steps:

s21: and receiving transaction confirmation information sent by the Ethenhouse platform, and returning the deposit back to the account of the bidder.

Further, before step S11, the method further includes the following steps:

s31: setting three types of entities;

wherein the three types of entities include a non-homogeneous token NFT, an organizational entity, and an asset entity that describe cargo information.

The non-homogeneous token is a general evidence that tokens represented by crypto-cats cannot be substituted for each other. Since the birth of the internet, a very large number of non-homogeneous digital assets have emerged. Domain names, event tickets, in-game items, game credits, and even social networks like Twitter, Facebook, Weibo are heterogeneous digital assets. But differ in their ease of use, flowability and interoperability. Compared with the homogeneous general goods, the collection and the artwork obviously belong to a non-homogeneous asset. English auction is also known as open auction (open auction) and is the most common way of auction. As the name suggests, the auctioneer provides low price (or not), the auctioneer makes an open bid, each time the price is called more than the previous time, and the highest price is provided with the auctioned product.

In the whole auction process, there are three core components in the auction: goods, users (buyers and sellers), auction mechanisms. The goods are integrated in NFT description, the seller and buyer are composed of their private key and assets, and the auction mechanism is executed by various protocols in the intelligent contract to ensure the safety and credibility of the transaction.

The entities involved in the invention are divided into five classes, each class of entities forming an organization. The entity plays roles of spectators, participants, auction houses, logistics parties and supervisors in the platform. The onlooker group is used as an off-site audience of the auction, belongs to a light node, can participate in verifying any channel, has the lowest identity verification requirement, and only needs to complete registration, generate and store a public and private key pair and an address of the onlooker group, but needs other related identity verification for becoming other roles. The application is submitted by bystanders who have completed authentication as participants, i.e., sellers and bidders in the auction instance, the seller may choose to be visible in the auction, and each time the auction ownership is transferred, the owner may choose to be visible on the chain or anonymous, but not visible to the reviewers. Considering that there is an owner who does not complete through auction (donation) or block chain platform, the seller has the right to select bidders, if the donation only needs to add one bidder, the bargain price still remains the same as the last bargain price. Any participant can independently run a peer node and a sequencing node. The auction houses are mainly responsible for the identification of artworks and the operation and maintenance of block chain node virtual machines, and belong to a whole node. A digital identity certificate is generated by the CA and approved for inclusion by the auction house committee. The auction houses participate in the NFT chain and auction chain full-node operation and maintenance. The logistics party is a union formed by express company entities and is responsible for logistics service after auction. Only participate in the logistic chain. The supervisor has the highest supervision authority, and only the supervisor can see the member identity information. Although it has the highest query authority, the related entity signature authorization is still required to modify the ledger information.

Figure 2 is a schematic view of an auction process design. Before auction, the goods are tokenized, namely, the goods entity is converted into a piece of information which can be verified in cryptology, namely, encrypted assets; the seller creates an auction instance by creating an auction protocol, stores Token information in a block chain and is locked by a protocol for ensuring delivery; bidders are required to push certain assets into a payment guarantee agreement as a margin when an auction formally begins to bid for money.

When bidding, the bidding protocol needs to ensure that two basic rules of the English auction, namely, the raising price and the higher price are completed; once the auction is completed, two things are done simultaneously, namely, the auction protocol is created to take charge of automatic payment, and the shipment guarantee protocol automatically performs the conversion of ownership of the piece of information. And the goods entity corresponding to the information is distributed to all the people, and the community obtains rewards.

Regarding the auction process, firstly, the information Token related to the collection entity is transformed into a heterogeneous Token. The seller first creates an instance of an auction by creating an auction agreement. Among other things, the protocol requires the seller to enter several parameters: a starting price, auction start time, auction end time, minimum unit of bid increase. The seller is required to sign the agreement for the shipment guarantee before the auction begins, marking the official start of the auction. At this time, the "location _ state" in the metadata is switched to "authentication _ in _ mobile", which means that the seller temporarily gives control over the collection Token. If the payment vouch-for contract returns True, indicating a change in ownership, Token's "location _ state" will automatically switch to "in transit" to enter the shipping phase. If the payment vouch-for contract returns False, indicating that the payment failed, and the ownership has not changed, the seler regains Token's control, he can choose to restart the auction and also choose to sell to the bidder with the highest bid, which ensures that the bidder is responsible for each bid for himself, since even if you may not have the highest bid, there is a possibility that the goods will be picked up and the payer will be rejected and the margin will be lost.

Second, once the bidders bid successfully, they will take care of the bidding order. However, in the actual auction, since some sellers refuse to pay after successful bidding, the seller loses time and money, and the true buyer misses the artwork due to the price problem. The payment guarantee protocol requires that the competitor make a mortgage before bidding to make the transaction between buyer and seller more reliable. Considering that the bidders are bidding for less than a few seconds apart, and the price difference is large and requires multiple additions of margin, a more customized and controlled league chain is needed to handle timely asset transactions. The alliance chain is formed by all auction houses and related institutions running all nodes, and sellers and bidders are allowed to enter in the process of auction.

And, guarantee to be regarded as the invalid bid by bidding agreement below the last bid, the winning bid price of bidding must not be lower than any kind of bid appearing in the bid, and all nodes (including whole node, light node) of block chain witness the bid record kept together. And after the winner of the auction pays the money, waiting for the transaction to be confirmed by the Ethenhouse, and returning all the guarantee funds of the bidders if the transaction is successful. The change in NFT ownership triggers the dispatch portion of the shipment assurance protocol. Once delivery is complete, the "location _ state" attribute of the collection Token reverts back to "on _ the _ owner's _ handles", marking the successful end of the transaction. Finally, to ensure efficient operation of platform development, it is necessary to provide token incentives to developers and entities such as auction houses, museums, etc. responsible for identifying and operating the entire nodes of the federation chain.

Specifically, in the invention, the block chain comprises four sub-chains, each sub-chain has a block chain structure, and each sub-chain has an independent account book; the four sub-chains are a certificate chain, an auction chain, an asset chain and a logistics chain.

Since data isolation is required for the above-mentioned five types of participants, and auction houses, finance, and logistics belong to different industry alliances, they are arranged in different channels. Four sub-chains (also called channels) are arranged in the alliance chain, each sub-chain has a block chain structure and an independent account book, less consideration is given to cross-chain interaction, and a universal cross-chain mechanism is realized. Such a design is intended to ensure the privacy of the data related to the organization per chain; secondly, reserving interfaces for butting own block chains of different industries in future; and thirdly, the communication cheating among industries is prevented, and the market environment is negatively influenced. The node hierarchy of each sub-chain is operated, the upgrading and the maintenance of codes and networks are facilitated for the first-level node, meanwhile, the common users of the second-level nodes (light nodes) supervise the account book, and each account book can have a plurality of sub account books.

The certification-based transaction chain (NFT) is used for tokenizing the collection entity, and the authenticator signs the signature to issue the NFT on the block chain after authenticating the authenticity to form a credible collection market (collection supermarket). The property of the system belongs to a public chain, and a union formed by mechanisms such as auction houses and the like is mainly responsible for operating nodes, but common users can independently operate a whole node according to hardware configuration.

In the Auction chain (Auction), some matters (creation of Auction, bidding) directly related to the Auction are centralized in the Auction chain for processing, and a "delivery guarantee protocol" is realized in cooperation with the general evidence chain, and a "payment guarantee protocol" is completed in cooperation with the asset chain. It should be noted that the auction chain is only responsible for recording the bid records and the deposit of the bidders, and there is no coin or money in the chain, which is still managed by the asset chain. The seller consensus mechanism can ensure the consistency of the distributed account book, the bidding records can be permanently and irrevocably stored on the account book of the Aution chain, and anyone can supervise and trace the bidding process. It and the following asset chain and logistics chain belong to a alliance chain, and the participants of each Aution chain must be authenticated.

The asset chain (Currency) is used for independently keeping the deposit of the bidder, and the locking of the deposit is cancelled according to the rule after the auction is finished, so that the financial institutions such as banks and the like are responsible for operation, and the bidder can participate.

For the logistics chain (Delivery), after the auction is finished, the logistics chain and the certification chain together fulfill the latter half of the Delivery guarantee protocol, and access the private chain of a certain logistics company or the leader node of the logistics union to be responsible for sending the collection entity corresponding to the locked token to the winner of the auction.

And all channels are open to the supervisor for supervision, forensics, arbitration, etc. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of information interaction between four child chains.

Specifically, the four channels of the alliance chain designed by the invention are operated by nodes operated by each authorized organization respectively, and data in the designed four protocols needs to be interacted across the channels. For example, when the seller executes a shipping guarantee protocol after the Auction instance is created in the Auction link, the seller needs to trigger the mortgage _ NFT function of the certification link, change the shooting status, and lock the shooting Token. The essence of the cross-chain is to transfer data on one chain to another chain, and a cross-chain mechanism needs to be designed, an intelligent contract adds an event (event) during transaction accounting and sends out an announcement after signing, and after being received by an event capturer, the event is opened to a specified target of the intelligent contract, wherein the target can be a client, an account book, a peer node or another intelligent contract. For the case of a contract invocation, an "event" is generated by executing intelligent contract a, the event specifying which intelligent contracts B the transaction may invoke, and the parameters passed to B. An event may be notified to all nodes in the same lane, and a node may search for all intelligent contracts in the lane for which it is authorized and trigger the relevant intelligent contract B if there is a match. If triggered contract B and A are in the same channel, then directly reading and writing into the account book of the transaction. If B and A are not in the same channel, B is triggered by an event, the channel in which A is located can obtain a receipt which is called successfully, and any transaction of B in the channel in which B is located cannot be counted into the account book of the channel in which A is located. In this way, the cross-chain is completed by the peer node sharing members with both channels. Some column operations of this cross-chain are abstracted here as bridges.

Specifically, data stored on the chain can be permanently co-located with the token, the blockchain is in, the data is in, whether an application (such as cryptokittes. co) calling the data on the chain is dead or not is not considered, and the interaction with the logic on the chain is convenient. The metadata of the NFT is a description of the token attribute corresponding to the token holder address. The following is the metadata required for the collection NFT:

the first four items here are the basic information of the collection, including its name, collection or art category, artist information to create it, and date of its creation. The apearance appearance item is used to disclose the appearance of the displayed item. Since the down-link storage is adopted, the key value is a segment of URL. The Authentication item (saved under the chain) is used for adding digital identity verification into NFT, and the digital signature is the result of Authentication of other items of metadata, such as artist, creation date and the like, by an authenticator, and distinguishes the credibility of identification commodities. This also separates the collection information from the authentication information, further preventing malicious tampering of the NFT chain. The Description expression item is used for supplementing commodity related information, such as commodity material and creation background. The "location _ state" identifies the state of the product and distinguishes it. on _ the _ owner's _ handles indicates whether to be presented on the NFT chain in the owner's hand, depending on the owner _ config entry; for the auctioning _ in _ mortgage & in transit, the seller cannot repudiate, since the item being auctioned cannot be withdrawn and, once the auction is successful, the item must be sent to its new owner, requiring the seller to sign the agreement for the shipment guarantee before the purchase is started, marking the auction as formally started. At this time, "location _ state" is switched to "authentication _ in _ movement", meaning that the seller temporarily relinquishes control over the collection Token until the smart contract is completed. If the payment vouch-for contract returns True, indicating a change in ownership, Token's "location _ state" will automatically switch to "in transit" to enter the shipping phase. If the ' payment vouch ' contract returns False, indicating that payment failed, ownership did not change, the seller regains Token's control and he may choose to restart the auction or sell to the bidder with the next highest bid. This also ensures that bidders are responsible for each bid they have, because even if you are likely not the highest, there is a chance that they will hit the item and the payer being denied may lose their margin.

With respect to lost, lost or not intended for sale by the owner (on _ the _ owner's _ handles) cannot be traded, and once a collection is lost, the owner may submit a signed loss request to change the collection state in the NFT metadata, which both ensures privacy of the owner and protects the security of the product to some extent. The "owner" item includes the owner's identifier: the wallet address and its item of authentication information "owner _ config" are used to invoke the owner's custom settings for all of his merchandise NFTs, mainly in terms of privacy. Here the buyer has the right to see himself in the transaction chain or to choose to be anonymous. As an example, if "# ad #" appears in "own _ config", then the address _ to column (i.e., own's address) allows customization to be selected; if "# invisible #" appears in "inner _ config", stating that the owner does not want someone else to see his collection, then the NFT will not appear in the spreader channel.

Specifically, the token information is divided into two parts, one part of the token information is stored in the intelligent contract, and the other part of the token information is placed in one file and stored in the local or user side.

To further ensure the openness and transparency of the auction, the interaction of the user and blockchain needs to be further decentralized. Taking a cat encryption as an example, the incompleteness of today's token can be seen. The constitution of a cryptographic cat actually comprises two parts of information, one part of information exists in an intelligent contract on a block chain and can be accessed and called arbitrarily, and the token in the present discussion contains the information of the one part. The other part of the information of the encrypted cat, including how to interpret and call functions in the intelligent contract, how to construct instruction information needing signature when the user calls the contract, such as description information of the kitten, hatching and ownership transferring actions of the kitten, and the like, exists on the website of the encrypted cat. That is, for a cryptographic cat, while the half of its smart contract is decentralized and does not require access to any system, the half of the web is still centralized and needs to be used through a website. If we want to trade encrypted cats, we get back to its website. Once the cryptokittes. io website is closed, the encrypted cat assets in the hands of the user cannot be traded, and partial value is lost. It can be said that the encrypted cat does not correspond exactly to a cryptology-based message that can be verified, but a part of it is still in the form of a conventional internet message. The token in the true sense is a combination of two parts, so that the encrypted cat can be completely described and represented by one token.

The NFT is the first step of the Token-based service, and the second step is to take out a part of information previously put in the web, put the part of information into the Token, and skip the intermediate quotient of the web server, so that the Token is used as an integration point. Specifically, token is divided into two parts: a part of the information is put in the intelligent contract, just like today's token; part of the information and logic is put into a file, which is a file stored at the local/user end and can not be tampered by digital signature. Taking encrypted cat as an example, the former encrypted cat is composed of "smart contract + web information", but the encrypted cat in the full token mode is composed of "smart contract + local file". When an encrypted cat is purchased, the cat can be used and traded around with all information in the blockchain and local files, rather than going back to the centralized encrypted cat's website. For example, anyone can create a trading market for a second-hand cat, and any cat owner can place the cat directly into the market for trading. This was not possible in the past, in the case of a half token, to buy and sell a cat, it was necessary to encrypt the cat's official market/website. Therefore, there is a need to develop a scripting language stored locally (wallet) to replace the web to help the user to communicate directly with the blockchain, completely separate from the centralized service, and render Token into Token object that can be understood and used by the present invention. With the communication tool, when the platform carries out auction, the user can directly interact with the intelligent contract on the chain, and the unstable and opaque factors of the web server are reduced. Wherein, four functions are designed to be stored locally to realize a complete Token, including:

deliver script: the method is used for transferring physical entities of the collection through NFT, and an owner is required to connect a logistic database or a alliance chain after signing a Token;

deal script: the system is used for the face-to-face online transaction of the collected goods and any transaction scene which is not carried out on the auction platform, and the delivery script can be called to finish the transportation after the transaction is successful;

present script: reading NFT metadata to display collections on some social occasions by combining AR and even VR technologies, and organizing one auction or calling a Deal script to trade on the spot by using an auction platform if trading intention exists after the collections are displayed;

lost Script: once a collection is lost, the owner can submit a signed loss request to change the state of the collection in the NFT metadata.

FIG. 4 is an interaction diagram of four functional modules of the complete token. The complete token can be freely accessed, called and used, and has portability. Portability will bring interoperability and scalability, as well as help to achieve a frictionless marketplace and integrated networks. The tokenization of goods mentioned in the opening part of this document can be achieved if an object can be represented completely by a token. All rights, all services are token-based and these tokens are located on top of the decentralized ledger. When both ends of the payment are tokens, an atomized payment of the goods can be realized without the guarantee of a third party. In general, the more complete Token is easy to store, carry, transact and verify, gets rid of the dependence on a centralized web server, realizes thorough decentralization and provides more possibilities for Token-based services.

In the auction process, an intelligent contract for mortgage guarantee is needed to guarantee the reliability of the auction transaction, both parties fulfilling the contract unconditionally. For the seller, the buyer can obtain the goods after the auction success, namely the seller needs to deliver the appointed goods; for the buyer, payment must be completed after the auction is successful. Four protocols have been designed for english auctions, namely, the create auction protocol, the payment guarantee protocol, the bid protocol, and the ship assurance protocol. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of information interaction between four protocols.

Regarding protocols and intelligent contracts, the reference symbols are identified as follows:

s, a Seller;

b: bid, Bidder;

d: delivery, logistics;

a: auctioneer, auction house;

c: comodity, token-based collection;

l: a Leader in the auction, wherein the bid is a leading B;

w: final Winner of the auction takes away the collection;

p _ C: parameter set of the model, item-related information for the auction;

p _ S: parameter set of the Seller, vendor related information;

SC: smart Contract, Smart Contract;

ad: address, as the identity ID of the participant or contract;

ad _ auc: contract address of Aution SC;

am: amount of money;

am _ B: an amount of the bid, bid by bidders in an auction;

am _ W, Wining Price, final transaction Price of the shot;

am _ de: amount of money of deposit;

t _ de: treasurer of all the deposit, and an account book consisting of the competitive balance of all B;

t _ b: treasurer of bids, competitive ledger;

α: the Auction channel is the channel of Auction chain;

beta: NFT channel is the evidence-through chain channel;

θ: a Currrency channel, i.e., an asset chain channel;

δ: the Delivery channel is a material flow chain channel.

The Auction establishment protocol involves the Auction SC, and the seller brings his collection to the Auction market, and all that is needed is to release the collection and establish a transaction instance. First, the seller needs to sign P _ S, P _ C, Seller _ config and contract code with private key and send them to the "Auction channel" α, creating an Auction SC. After the contract is instantiated, a contract address (ad _ action) is created for the auction and returned to the seller. Before upgrading to a seller of Participants (Participants), a common spectator (spector) gives token-based collection information to an Auc _ Sig _ v function in an Aution SC to prove the validity of signature to a collection authenticator, and if the audit is not passed, the Auction is ended. Thus, the auction instance (including the collection) is linked and cannot be revoked or modified. Finally, the identity of the seller S is upgraded to the participant.

Wherein, the Seller _ config is the setting of some parameters for auction, including: starting price, auction starting time, auction duration (integral multiple of block-out time), minimum unit of bid increase, anti-sniping trigger time and anti-sniping duration. In a timed online auction, auction sniping is a practice of proposing the current highest bid that may be exceeded as late as possible (usually a few seconds before the end of the auction) so that other bidders do not have the time to bid again. This may be done manually by software on the bidder's computer or an online sniping service. In order to prevent the practice, an anti-sniping trigger time t _1 and an anti-sniping duration t _2 are set, if someone bids in the auction end time t and t-t _1, an anti-sniping mechanism is triggered, and the new auction end time is changed to t-t _1+ t _ 2. This process is symbolized as:

S->α：Sig_S(P_s、P_c、Seller_config，code)

↓

Auction SC instantiation

↓

α->S：ad_auction

↓

Auc_Sig_v()

↓

org.spectators.S＝org.participants.S。

the Delivery guarantee protocol involves Aution SC, NFT SC, Delivery SC, and requires the seller to "pledge" the collection to a third party escrow before bidding begins, so that the physical entity of the collection can be obtained successfully after the bidder wins the Auction, preventing the seller from not delivering the collection, which is usually an Auction house. The seller is required to sign the 'shipment guarantee' agreement before the auction begins, marking the official start of the auction. At this time, the "location _ state" in the metadata is switched to "authentication _ in _ mobile", meaning that the seller agrees to temporarily give control over the collection Token.

The instantiation of the interaction SC automatically triggers a mortage function, sends a mortage event, is multiply signed by S, A and then is sent to beta through peer nodes in alpha and beta channels simultaneously, and triggers the mortage _ NFT function of the NFT SC. The "location _ state" attribute in the metadata of the collection token is changed to "authentication _ in _ motion" -lock state. The NFT SC of the passport chain then issues an event mortage _ secured back to α through the bridge. Thus, the holding entity and its token complete the lock.

After bidding is completed, the transit function of the Auction chain sends transit events signed by the node, including P _ W, to the NFT chain, and "owner" and "location _ state" that trigger the in _ transit function to rewrite the shot NFT are "W" and "in _ transit". After capturing metadata data and changing, an event capturer of the NFT channel triggers a Deliver function of a Delivery SC through a Delivery node in the channel to start logistics. After the logistics is delivered, the logistics side and the W tag the "location _ state" to be "W", and sends a receipt back to the W.

The specific process is as follows:

S->α：Sig_S(P_S，P_C)

↓

mortage()

↓

α->β：event_mortage

↓

β：mortage_NFT()

↓

β->α：event_mortage_confirmed；

α：Bid_completed

↓

α：Transit()

↓

α->β：event_transit

↓

β：in_transit()

↓

β->δ：Deliver()

↓

δ->β：event_Delivery

↓

β：Transited()

↓

β：event_NewOwner。

the payment guarantee protocol relates to a Deposit SC, an Aution SC and a Withdraw SC, and mainly comprises two parts of pre-bidding and bidding completion. Before bidding, the buyer is locked on the Currechy chain with a guarantee that the buyer is smaller than the bid price, so that the seller can receive the payment paid by the buyer after the auction is ended. And the theta chain requests to freeze the corresponding amount of the account of the theta chain B, and then informs the deposit amount of the alpha B, and the alpha is recorded in the account book of the channel of the theta chain B and is used as the balance of the bidding account of the theta chain B. After bidding is completed, the last leader automatically becomes the W for bidding. At this time, in θ, W is automatically transferred to the account of S by Withdraw SC corresponding to am _ W of B.

The specific process is as follows:

b- > theta, theta- > alpha: after discovering the event through a bridge, the Treaser _ Deposit function of the Aution SC of the alpha chain inputs am _ de and ad _ B, records the guarantee amount of all bidders in the account book T _ de of the balance of the bidding account of the alpha chain, and generates a receipt BalanceLogiged to B.

B->θ：Sig_B()

↓

θ：deposit()

↓

θ->α：event_bidder_deposited

↓

α：Treasurer_deposit()

↓

α->B：event_BalanceLogged。

The Bid _ completed event (W, am _ W) triggers the Treaser _ bypass function of the Aution SC to rewrite the T _ de ledger, am _ de of W is am _ de-am _ W, am _ de of S is am _ W, and then the bypass function of the Currency chain Deposition SC is triggered through the event capturer after being jointly signed by W, A and S. The withdraw function reads T _ de and then unfreezes am _ de of all people, and simultaneously divides am _ w to S. And finally, sending the receipt of the account transfer to each receiver. The specific process is as follows:

α：Event_Bid_completed

↓

α：Treasurer_withdraw()

↓

α->θ：Withdraw()

↓

θ->B,S：am_de/am_W,event_receive。

the bidding protocol involves the auctions SC, when bidders start bidding, the bids cannot exceed the balance of their bidding account, and the highest bid at a time will be recorded in L in the auctions cc instance until the bidding is over.

B- > alpha, alpha- > B: b sends the bids am _ B and P _ B of the user and a Bid request private key signature Sig _ B for calling the Auction SC to alpha, and the Bid function is responsible for packaging all bids and corresponding bidder information in a block-out time and storing the bids and the corresponding bidder information in the account book T _ B. Then returns a receipt "Bidding received" or am L for each bidder.

Wherein the Bid function performs a series of checks on bids prior to packaging:

a. whether the signature Sig _ B is valid, i.e. corresponds to ad _ B in P _ B;

b. whether the submission time is legal, i.e., between the auction start time and the auction end time set by the seller;

c. whether the seller and the buyer are the same person, i.e. ad _ s ═ ad _ b;

d. if T _ b is empty, checking if am _ b is greater than the beat price; otherwise, checking whether the bid is larger than the minimum unit increased by the previous am _ L + bid;

e. if the above check is passed, it is checked whether the competitive account balance am _ de corresponding to the address is greater than its bid am _ b. If yes, the bid is valid and is written into T _ B;

f. if the answer is passed, traversing T _ B, comparing all am _ B, if am _ B is am _ max, then B is L, and returning 'Leading Bid' to the corresponding B;

g. if one of a-f is not satisfied, then "am _ L" is returned to B. Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a bidding protocol.

Wherein, when the current system time > -auction end time, L-W and am _ L-am _ W are executed. After the bidding is completed, the Bid function of the Aution chain sends a Bid _ completed event and simultaneously triggers the transit function and the Treasurer _ withdraw function of the Aution SC. Optionally, the Bid function of the Aution SC reads the Bid received by T _ b in the latest time period T, generates a Leader in T, and returns a receipt to each bidder. If the result is a Leader, the content of the receipt is 'leading'; if the bid is the other bidder, a range of the difference between his bid and the Leader is returned for reference by the bidder. The specific process comprises the following steps:

B->α：Sig_B()

α：Bid()

α->L，B：Leading Bid/am_L

α->β，α->θ：Bid_completed。

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of information interaction of an intelligent contract. With respect to smart contracts, the format is:

the invention combines the characteristics of non-tampering, traceability and the like of the block chain basic framework, realizes the high decentralization of the auction process, solves the problems of insufficient transparency, insufficient credit guarantee and the like in the traditional auction, and brings a safer, more efficient and frictionless market environment for the transaction of the collection. The block chain meets some security requirements and trust problems which cannot be guaranteed by the traditional auction, decentralization is an internal component of the block chain, and several inherent problems of the traditional auction can be solved. Particularly, the bidding transparency problem is highlighted, bidders have to use a centralized platform of a conventional auction to bid, bidders have no way to guarantee the source, authenticity and validity of the highest bid, but the bidding history can be supervised and checked using blockchains. In addition, the blockchain can solve the trust problem in some actual auctions, and the public transparent intelligent contracts and the bid records can ensure that the highest bidder wins the auction and must pay, so that the auction house is avoided from being operated under the dark condition (such as colluding with the auction house, not paying after the highest price, and buying the auction house at the low price). And because each bidder needs signature confirmation before bidding, the whole network bids are 'witnessed'. The complete and complete programming and automation execution can ensure that competitive bidders do not have the chance of disputing.

Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a block chain-based artwork auction system according to the present invention, which includes:

the conversion module 101 is used for converting the cargo entity into token information;

a protocol module 102, configured to create four protocols in an intelligent contract; the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol;

the locking module 103 is configured to create an auction instance of a seller through the auction creation protocol, store the token information in a block chain, and lock the token information in the block chain by using the shipping assurance protocol;

a storage module 104 for storing asset entities of bidders in the payment guarantee agreement as a deposit;

an auction module 105, configured to start an auction instance in the blockchain, complete an auction process using the auction protocol, store a bid record, and copy the bid record to each node in the blockchain;

and the payment module 106 is configured to pay the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol after the bidding process is completed, and execute a shipping process through the shipping guarantee protocol.

Therefore, in the system, four protocols are established in the intelligent contract, the auction process is completed by adopting the auction protocols, the bid records are stored, and the bid records are copied to each node in the block chain, so that the whole transaction process executed on the block chain is transparent, each node can clearly know the bid records of bidders, the transparency in the auction is improved, and the safety is improved.

Based on the above system, further, the system further includes:

Further, the system further comprises:

The block chain comprises four sub-chains, each sub-chain is provided with a block chain structure, and each sub-chain is provided with an independent account book; the four sub-chains are a certificate chain, an auction chain, an asset chain and a logistics chain.

The token information is divided into two parts, one part of the token information is stored in the intelligent contract, and the other part of the token information is placed in one file and stored in the local or user side.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the whole block chain technology architecture, which is divided into: network layer, physical layer, contract layer, blockchain layer, policy layer, and application layer.

Specifically, in the network layer, the network node is responsible for performing maintenance of the block chain ledger and updating the ledger through execution of the contract code, and consistency of ledger data is ensured through a consensus protocol among the nodes. The entity layer includes three types of entities, namely NFT describing the Tibetan information, organization formed by five participants, namely spectators, participants, auction houses, logistics parties, supervisors, and assets they own, wherein a participant is the starting point for the initiation of an intelligent contract. In the contract layer and blockchain layer, the contract layer executes code instructions by reading ledger data within each channel (NFT, each organization and its asset corresponding channel), and then changes blockchain ledger world states by generating transactions (transactions).

In the strategy layer, four protocols of the strategy layer are designed by utilizing the characteristics of transparency, non-falsification and traceability of a block chain according to the characteristics of the English auction and the problems encountered in the actual auction, so that the problems of insufficient transparency, insufficient credit guarantee and the like in the traditional auction are solved. In the application layer, four intelligent contracts run on four block chains, the actions specified by four protocols of the execution strategy layer are overlapped to finish the conventional English auction, and the decentralized interaction function of the NFT realizes more transaction modes.

The invention achieves the goals that: the openness and traceability of a block chain network are utilized, the transparency of the whole auction process is ensured, the bidding process is permanently stored on the block chain, and no room for dark box operation exists; the problem of no delivery and no payment in the actual auction is solved by ensuring delivery and payment; a universal alliance chain framework is adopted, the asset chain and the logistics chain are compatible with future digital currency and an alliance chain of logistics companies, and the related industry alliance chain is convenient to access, wherein the auction chain does not relate to funds, and the special chain of the asset chain is responsible for the financial service which is good at; the cross-link contract communication is achieved, and the problem of data cross-link is solved in a multi-channel mode of a union link; the supervision problem is solved through an identity verification and management mechanism of the alliance chain, the alliance chain does not need to dig mines, extra cost such as gas fe is avoided, and friction in a market is reduced; the protocol, the channel and the intelligent contract are linked in a loop manner, so that irrevocable, non-executable and non-repudiatable transaction are realized; a non-homogeneous Token, a position state in metadata, is introduced for the customization of the collection, and a layer of protection is added for the collection; through the decentralized interaction of the NFT, a more complete atomization Token is formed, offline transaction and on-site transaction of the Token are realized, and social requirements and display requirements are met.

The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

The method and system for auctioning artwork based on block chain provided by the present invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for auctioning artwork based on a blockchain, comprising:

converting the cargo entity into non-homogeneous token information;

creating four protocols in the intelligent contract; the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol; the auction establishment protocol is responsible for automatic payment, the delivery guarantee protocol is responsible for automatically executing the conversion of ownership of the token information and distributing the goods entity corresponding to the token information to all people, the bidding protocol is responsible for automatically determining winning buyers, and the payment guarantee protocol is responsible for automatically transferring the guarantee fund to the account of the seller;

after the bidding process is completed, paying the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol, and executing a delivery process through the delivery guarantee protocol;

the block chain comprises four sub-chains, each sub-chain is provided with a block chain structure, and each sub-chain is provided with an independent account book; the four sub-chains are a certificate chain, an auction chain, an asset chain and a logistics chain;

wherein the four child chains have a cross-chain mechanism for allowing a first intelligent contract in a first child chain of the four child chains to invoke a second intelligent contract in a second child chain of the four child chains, thereby implementing a cross-chain transfer of data, the cross-chain mechanism comprising:

generating an event after executing the first intelligent contract, the event specifying the second intelligent contract that the transaction may invoke and parameters passed to the second intelligent contract;

notifying all nodes within the same child chain of the event;

the node searches all intelligent contracts in the sub-chain for which the node is authorized;

if the search results match, the second intelligent contract is triggered by the event, the first sub-chain is invoked with a successful receipt, and the second intelligent contract does not log the account of the first sub-chain in the transaction of the second sub-chain, so that chain crossing is completed by the peer nodes of the common members of the first and second sub-chains.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said making payment using said create auction protocol further comprises:

3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to converting the cargo entity into token information, further comprising:

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the token information is divided into two parts, one part of the token information is stored in the smart contract, and the other part of the token information is placed in a file and stored locally or at the user terminal.

5. A blockchain-based artwork auction system for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

the conversion module is used for converting the cargo entity into non-homogeneous token information;

the protocol module is used for creating four protocols in the intelligent contract; the four protocols comprise an auction establishment protocol, a payment guarantee protocol, a bidding protocol and a delivery guarantee protocol; the auction establishment protocol is responsible for automatic payment, the delivery guarantee protocol is responsible for automatically executing the conversion of ownership of the token information and distributing the goods entity corresponding to the token information to all people, the bidding protocol is responsible for automatically determining winning buyers, and the payment guarantee protocol is responsible for automatically transferring the guarantee fund to the account of the seller;

the payment module is used for paying the account of the seller by using the auction establishment protocol after the bidding process is finished, and executing a delivery process through the delivery guarantee protocol;

notifying all nodes within the same child chain of the event;

6. The system of claim 5, further comprising:

7. The system of claim 5, further comprising:

8. The system of claim 5, wherein the token information is divided into two parts, one part of the token information is stored in the smart contract, and the other part of the token information is placed in a file and stored locally or at the user terminal.