CN111616078A - Small animal swarm internal grade testing device and experimental method - Google Patents
Small animal swarm internal grade testing device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616078A CN111616078A CN202010482204.9A CN202010482204A CN111616078A CN 111616078 A CN111616078 A CN 111616078A CN 202010482204 A CN202010482204 A CN 202010482204A CN 111616078 A CN111616078 A CN 111616078A
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 235000019138 food restriction Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 231100000569 acute exposure Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
- A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
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Abstract
The invention provides a class testing device in a small animal group, which comprises a waiting bin, a channel pipe, a food box, an infrared camera and a video recording computer, wherein a slot is arranged on the waiting bin, a slot door is inserted into the slot, animal feed is placed in the food box, an openable cover is arranged at the top of the food box, the waiting bin and the food box are connected through the channel pipe, and the infrared camera and the video recording computer are electrically connected through a data transmission line. The competition of animals for food and food space induces the animals to assume their real social status in the population. Compared with the traditional device, the experimental method using the device has the advantages that the more stable and reliable experimental result is proved, the experimental efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the experimental method has the advantages that the experimental operation is simple, the operation is easy, the experimental device is convenient to disassemble and assemble, the occupied space is small, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological experiment devices, in particular to a small animal swarm inner grade testing device and an experiment method applying the same.
Background
Human beings and rodents as social animals have social and social attributes, and the social grade is the centralized embodiment of the social attribute comprehensive interaction of animals including social interaction, material competition and distribution. The research on the social level of the social animals can help people to better understand and explain the comprehensive and complex social relationship of the social animals and the influence and the effect of human, history, environment, medicine, neural mechanism and the like on the social level of the social animals.
At present, the social level tests of the small animals mainly comprise pipeline experiments and hot spot experiments, wherein the pipeline experiments are used for judging the social level of the animals based on the competition of the animals for favorable environments in strange narrow environments, and the hot spot experiments are used for judging the social level of the animals based on the competition of the animals for limited warm environments, namely hot spots, in colder environments. Both of the above-mentioned experimental methods are based on environmental contests of animals, so as to show the social level to some extent, but they are only contested by a relatively comfortable environment, i.e. luxury goods, and the success or failure of the contest does not directly threaten the survival, so that the experimental methods do not completely arouse the competitiveness of animals, and the environmental contest also has the problems of possibly bringing about greater contingency due to 'first come and last come' and the like.
Food is the most basic requirement for living creatures, i.e. a necessity. The search and competition for food is accompanied by the life of the creatures, and when the food supply begins to shrink, even by the time it is not possible to maintain daily needs, competition between creatures for food is inevitable. When limited food is confined within a particular narrow range, competition for food evolves into competition for space, and this food-induced competition for space will encourage a more vigorous competition among the animal population, more reflecting the social ranking of each animal in its population. However, no experimental apparatus and paradigm has been developed to date for detecting intragroup ratings in small animals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a small animal intracistemal grade testing device which shows competition for food box space based on food competition induced by hunger, judges social grade of social animals according to competition results, provides reliable reference for researching social grade of the social animals, and provides a standardized social grade paradigm by applying the device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a class testing device in a small animal group comprises a waiting bin, a channel pipe, a food box, an infrared camera and a video recording computer, wherein a slot is formed in the waiting bin, a slot door is inserted into the slot, and a first mounting hole matched with the channel pipe is formed in the waiting bin; the animal feed has been placed in the food box, the food box top is provided with the lid that can open and shut, food box one side seted up with passageway pipe assorted second mounting hole, the both ends of passageway pipe are fixed respectively in first mounting hole, second mounting hole, the internal diameter of passageway pipe and the size phase-match of single animal, wait for that storehouse, passageway pipe and food box all are in infrared camera's shooting range, connect through the data transmission line electricity between infrared camera and the video recording computer.
Further, the openable cover is hinged to the food box through a hinge, and a lock catch is arranged at one end, far away from the hinge, of the openable cover.
An experimental method of a grade testing device in a small animal group using the device comprises the following steps:
step 1: feeding the young animals of the same age in cages with a fixed number of the young animals in a constant-temperature constant-humidity feeding environment with fixed light and shade rhythm until the young animals grow into adults, keeping sufficient feed supply during the growth process of the young animals, weighing and recording the weight of each animal after the young animals grow into adults, then starting to limit the feeding, and reducing the feed supply amount per day to be half of the weight of the normally maintained animals until the weight of the animals is reduced to 80% -90% of that before the animals are limited to be fed;
step 2: after the experimental animal passes through the step 1, putting the animal in a hungry state into a waiting bin, putting a proper amount of animal feed into a food box, opening a slot door, allowing the animal to freely pass through a channel pipe to enter and exit the food box, enabling the animal to learn to go to the food box to obtain food, and after the animal learns to go to the food box, putting the animal back to a feeding cage and cleaning the device; repeating the step for three days to ensure that the experimental animal fully adapts to the device and learns to go to the food box to compete for food;
and step 3: the experimental animals are opened by the infrared camera and the video recording computer one day after the experimental animals are subjected to the steps 1 and 2, a fixed amount of animal feed is put into the food box, the experimental animals in the same cage are respectively marked and put into a waiting bin, a slot door is opened after 5 minutes, the recording is started, the recording is finished after the specified time, and the video is stored; after the completion, the animals are put back into the rearing cage and cleaned by the cleaning device;
and 4, step 4: and (3) reading the recorded animal videos after the steps 1, 2 and 3, counting the time of each animal occupying the food box in a specified time, and judging the social level of the animal according to the occupying time, wherein the social level of the animal occupying longer time is higher.
Further, the animal is acutely exposed to a drug the day after step three is completed, and then step three is repeated again to continue with step four.
Further, after the third step, the animal is exposed to a certain drug for several days, and after the acute effect of the last drug exposure is finished, the third step is repeated, and the fourth step is continued.
Further, step 1 may be replaced by:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of feeding young animals of the same age in cages in a constant-temperature constant-humidity feeding environment with fixed light and shade rhythm, when the animals are immature, randomly selecting half of the animals in each cage, exposing the animals to a certain medicine, exposing the rest half of the animals to physiological saline with the same amount until the animals grow into adults, keeping sufficient feed supply during the growth process of the animals, weighing and recording the weight of each animal after the animals grow into adults, then starting food restriction, and reducing the feed supply amount to half of the weight of the normally maintained animals every day until the weight of the animals is reduced to 80% -90% of the weight of the animals before food restriction.
Further, step 1 may be replaced by:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of feeding young animals of the same age in cages in a constant-temperature constant-humidity feeding environment with fixed light and shade rhythm in a cage-fixed mode, when the animals are immature, randomly selecting half of the animals in each cage to be exposed to a certain medicine in a chronic mode, exposing the rest half of the animals in the same cage to physiological saline in an equivalent mode in a chronic mode until the animals grow into the adult mode, keeping sufficient feed supply during the growth process of the animals, weighing and recording the weight of each animal after the animals grow into the adult mode, then starting food restriction, reducing the feed supply amount to half of the weight of the normally maintained animals every day until the weight of the animals is reduced to 80% -90% of the weight of.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
first, the present invention allows animals to compete for food by starving the animals. The invention innovatively converts the competition of animals for food into the competition for space, and the competition of animals for space is enhanced due to the contention of necessities, so that the influence of other random factors on experimental results is greatly reduced, and the obtained data is closer to the real social level among social animals. Compared with other social-level experimental methods for social animals, the data obtained by the method is more authentic and stable.
Second, the device design and experimental paradigm of the invention is designed based on the social animals, and the social animals in the same cage can be experimented at the same time and in the same space. Compared with other experimental methods, the method greatly reduces the possible influence of the experimental sequence, for example, different drug reactions occur at different times after the animals are exposed to the drugs, so if the experiment at the moment has the front and back sequence, inaccurate experimental data is possibly obtained for the reason. The device of the invention avoids the defect and improves the reliability of data.
Thirdly, the experimental time required by the actual operation process of the invention is short, the formal test time of one cage of animals is only a few minutes, and compared with the experimental time of dozens of minutes or even more than 1 hour in other experimental methods, the invention has higher efficiency.
Fourthly, all main parts of the invention are detachable, the assembly is convenient, the cleaning is easy, and the laboratory space is not occupied.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the waiting chamber, the passage tube, the food box, the infrared camera and the video recording computer of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the formal experiment of the present invention (when the slot door is not opened).
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the formal experiment of the present invention (when the slot door is opened).
Reference numerals: 1. waiting for a bin; 11. a slot; 12. a slot door; 13. a first mounting hole; 2. a passage tube; 3. a food box; 31. animal feed; 32. an openable and closable cover; 321. a hinge; 322. locking; 33. a second mounting hole; 4. an infrared camera; 5. a video recording computer;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a device for testing the grade in a small animal group comprises a waiting bin 1, a channel pipe 2, a food box 3, an infrared camera 4 and a video recording computer 5, wherein a slot 11 is arranged on the waiting bin 1, a slot door 12 which can be opened and closed is inserted in the slot 11, and a first mounting hole 13 is arranged on the waiting bin 1; animal feed 31 is placed in the food box 3, an openable cover 32 is arranged on the top of the food box 3, the openable cover 32 is hinged with the food box 3 through a hinge 321, a lock catch 322 is arranged at one end, far away from the hinge 321, of the openable cover 32, the food box 3 can be closed by opening and closing the lock catch 322, the animal feed 31 in the food box 3 is taken and placed, the waiting bin 1 is connected with the food box 3 through a channel pipe 2, specifically, a second mounting hole 33 matched with the channel pipe 2 is formed in one side of the food box 3, one end of the channel pipe 2 is fixed in the first mounting hole 13, the other end of the channel pipe 2 is placed in the second mounting hole 33, when an animal waits for the bin 1, the animal enters and exits the channel pipe 2 through an inserting slot door 12, food is obtained from the food box 3, the inner diameter of the channel pipe 2 is matched with the body shape of a single animal, namely, the inner diameter of the channel, so that the animals cannot push or turn around each other in the passage tube 2.
Animals were kept in cages both before and after the experiment.
Example 1:
the experimental method using the above-described intra-fauna ranking test apparatus was as follows:
step 1: purchasing 21-day-old SD rats (SD rats are weaned day-old) from an experimental animal company with production and sale permission of experimental animals, randomly pairing 4 SD rats in one cage, marking each animal, weighing and recording the weight; after the animals are purchased, the animals are raised in a constant temperature and humidity environment with the day and night reversed, and the sufficient supply of the feed and the drinking water is ensured until the age of 70 days (the age of SD rats in adult days).
Step 2: the animals were considered to have entered hunger by weighing and recording the weight of each rat at 70 days of age per cage, followed by feeding each rat daily at a feed rate of 24g per cage (i.e. 6g per rat per day, with adult rats requiring about 12g of feed per day to maintain their weight), and weighing each rat daily until all rats had reduced weight to 80% to 90% of their weight before food restriction.
And step 3: after the animals enter a hungry state, the animals are placed into a waiting bin, a proper amount of animal feed is placed into a food box, the movement of the animals is not limited, namely, a slot door is kept in an open state, the animals are made familiar with a device and learn to go to the food box to take food, and after the completion, the animals are placed back into a feeding cage and cleaned. Repeating this step for 3 days is sufficient for the animal to become familiar with the apparatus and learn to go to a food box for food.
And 4, step 4: after the animal is fully familiar with the device and learns to go to the food box and take food, the slot door is closed at first, the animal is placed into the waiting bin, a small amount of feed is placed into the food box, the slot door is opened after 5 minutes, the animal begins to compete for the space of the food box to obtain food, and after the food box is completed, the animal is placed back into the feeding cage, and the device is cleaned. Repeating the steps for 3 days to strengthen the competition of animals in the process of feed competition.
And 5: after the animal fully learns to go to the food box to get food and compete the food box space, close the slot door, put into waiting for the storehouse with the animal, put into a small amount of fodder in the food box, open infrared camera and video recording computer and begin the record, open the slot door after 5 minutes, the whole food box competition process of video recording animal, finish recording after 3 minutes, save the video. After the completion, the animals are returned to the rearing cage and cleaned.
Step 6: and (3) observing an experiment video by using a manual timer, respectively recording the time of each animal in the food box in the 3-minute experiment process (based on the time that the head of the animal enters the food box), judging the social status of the animal in the group according to the time of the animal in the food box, wherein the longer the time in the food box, the higher the social level.
Example 2
The basic procedure is the same as in example 1, except that the animal is acutely exposed to a drug the day after the first testing of the animal's social rating (step 5 is completed), and then undergoes another social rating test (i.e., step 5 is repeated) to observe and judge the effect of the acute effect of a drug on the adult animal's social rating.
Example 3
The basic procedure is the same as in example 1, but after the first test of the animal's social rating (step 5 is finished), the animal is exposed to a drug in an acute manner for several consecutive days, and after the last acute exposure of the drug is finished, the last social rating test is carried out (i.e. step 5 is repeated), and the effect of the chronic effect of the drug on the adult animal on the social rating is observed and judged.
Example 4
The basic procedure is similar to example 1, steps 2-6 being identical, and in step 12 animals are selected at random for acute exposure to a drug per cage of animals during their adolescent phase (around 35 days of age), the remaining two being exposed (day of exposure corresponding to the drug exposure group) to an equal amount of saline. Example 1 steps 2-6 were performed after the animal was adult. And observing and testing whether the social grade difference exists between the rats of the drug acute exposure group in the adolescence and the rats of the control group (for example, the social grade of the rats of the drug acute exposure group in the adolescence is lower than that of the rats of the control group in the whole), thereby judging whether the drug acute exposure in the adolescence causes the social grade defect of the animals after the animals grow up.
Example 5
The basic procedure is similar to example 4, steps 2-6 being identical, and in step 1, 2 animals are randomly selected to be chronically exposed (e.g., from 35 to 49 days of age, corresponding to the age of the rat from puberty to late puberty) to an amount of saline equivalent to the remaining two chronic exposures (the days of exposure being identical to the drug exposure group) per cage of animals during their adolescent age. Example 1 steps 2-6 were performed after the animal was adult. And observing and testing whether the social grade difference exists between the rats of the drug chronic exposure group in the adolescence and the rats of the control group (for example, the social grade of the whole rats of the drug chronic exposure group in the adolescence is lower than that of the rats of the control group), thereby judging whether the drug chronic exposure in the adolescence causes the social grade defect of the adult animals.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, and not limitative thereof; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A grade testing arrangement in little herd, its characterized in that: the food box comprises a waiting bin (1), a channel pipe (2), a food box (3), an infrared camera (4) and a video recording computer (5), wherein a slot (11) is formed in the waiting bin (1), a slot door (12) is inserted into the slot (11), and a first mounting hole (13) matched with the channel pipe (2) is formed in the waiting bin (1); animal feed (31) have been placed in food box (3), food box (3) are provided with openable cover (32), food box (3) one side seted up with passageway pipe (2) assorted second mounting hole (33), the both ends of passageway pipe (2) are fixed respectively in first mounting hole (13), second mounting hole (33), the internal diameter and the size phase-match of single animal of passageway pipe (2), wait that storehouse (1), passageway pipe (2) and food box (3) all are in the shooting range of infrared camera (4), be connected through the data transmission line electricity between infrared camera (4) and video record computer (5).
2. The small-animal herd grade testing device of claim 1, wherein: the openable cover (32) is hinged to the food box (3) through a hinge (321), and a lock catch (322) is arranged at one end, far away from the hinge (321), of the openable cover (32).
3. A method of testing a device for rating in a small animal herd according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
step 1: feeding the young animals of the same age in cages with a fixed number of the young animals in a constant-temperature constant-humidity feeding environment with fixed light and shade rhythm until the young animals grow into adults, keeping sufficient feed supply during the growth process of the young animals, weighing and recording the weight of each animal after the young animals grow into adults, then starting to limit the feeding, and reducing the feed supply amount per day to be half of the weight of the normally maintained animals until the weight of the animals is reduced to 80% -90% of that before the animals are limited to be fed;
step 2: after the experimental animal passes through the step 1, putting the animal in a hungry state into a waiting bin, putting a proper amount of animal feed into a food box, opening a slot door, allowing the animal to freely pass through a channel pipe to enter and exit the food box, enabling the animal to learn to go to the food box to obtain food, and after the animal learns to go to the food box, putting the animal back to a feeding cage and cleaning the device; repeating the step for three days to ensure that the experimental animal fully adapts to the device and learns to go to the food box to compete for food;
and step 3: the experimental animals are opened by the infrared camera and the video recording computer one day after the experimental animals are subjected to the steps 1 and 2, a fixed amount of animal feed is put into the food box, the experimental animals in the same cage are respectively marked and put into a waiting bin, a slot door is opened after 5 minutes, the recording is started, the recording is finished after the specified time, and the video is stored; after the completion, the animals are put back into the rearing cage and cleaned by the cleaning device;
and 4, step 4: and reading the recorded animal videos, counting the time of each animal occupying the food box in a specified time, and judging the social grade of the animal according to the occupying time, wherein the social grade of the animal occupying longer time is higher.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step 3 is repeated one more time after the animal is acutely exposed to the drug one day after the end of step 3, and the step 4 is continued.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step 3 is repeated several days after the step 3 is completed, and the step 4 is continued after the step 3 is repeated after the last acute exposure of the drug.
6. The method for testing a device for rating in a small animal herd according to claim 3, wherein step 1 is replaced by:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of feeding young animals of the same age in cages in a constant-temperature constant-humidity feeding environment with fixed light and shade rhythm, when the animals are immature, randomly selecting half of the animals in each cage, exposing the animals to a certain medicine, exposing the rest half of the animals to physiological saline with the same amount until the animals grow into adults, keeping sufficient feed supply during the growth process of the animals, weighing and recording the weight of each animal after the animals grow into adults, then starting food restriction, and reducing the feed supply amount to half of the weight of the normally maintained animals every day until the weight of the animals is reduced to 80% -90% of the weight of the animals before food restriction.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein step 1 is replaced with:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of feeding young animals of the same age in cages in a constant-temperature constant-humidity feeding environment with fixed light and shade rhythm in a cage-fixed mode, when the animals are immature, randomly selecting half of the animals in each cage to be exposed to a certain medicine in a chronic mode, exposing the rest half of the animals in the same cage to physiological saline in an equivalent mode in a chronic mode until the animals grow into the adult mode, keeping sufficient feed supply during the growth process of the animals, weighing and recording the weight of each animal after the animals grow into the adult mode, then starting food restriction, reducing the feed supply amount to half of the weight of the normally maintained animals every day until the weight of the animals is reduced to 80% -90% of the weight of.
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