CN111602757A - Feed capable of reducing protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed capable of reducing protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111602757A CN111602757A CN202010486464.3A CN202010486464A CN111602757A CN 111602757 A CN111602757 A CN 111602757A CN 202010486464 A CN202010486464 A CN 202010486464A CN 111602757 A CN111602757 A CN 111602757A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed capable of reducing the dosage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matters: 39-70 parts of fish protein material, 0.1-1 part of spirulina, 0-17.9 parts of starch, 10.2-28 parts of flour, 2.53-3.10 parts of fish oil, 2.53-3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38-6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.9-13.84 parts of premix; the feed contains 30-50 wt% of crude protein. The feed is prepared by adding spirulina into the raw materials according to specific feed components and proportions, and controlling the content of crude protein to be 30-50 wt%, so that the use amount of the crude protein is reduced while the rapid growth of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is kept, the feed fat and energy levels are optimized, the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco are greatly improved, and the feed is easy to obtain the raw materials, simple to process and wide in application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a feed capable of reducing the dosage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The yellow catfish is an important freshwater fish breed in China, the yellow catfish breeding industry develops very quickly in the last decade, and by 2017, the yellow catfish breeding yield in China reaches 48.0032 ten thousand tons, which is 10.50% higher than 43.4425 ten thousand tons in 2016 (2018, the statistics yearbook of the Chinese fishery). The amplification is the fourth of the main fish species of fresh water culture in China, and the culture prospect is very wide. The feed is one of the main costs of the yellow catfish culture. Protein is the most expensive part of the feed cost. Therefore, how to reduce the protein dosage in the feed while keeping the rapid growth of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can reduce the breeding cost to a certain extent, and has important significance for promoting the progress of aquaculture technology.
In recent years, people have conducted a great deal of exploration and practice on the compound feed of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and various technical solutions are provided in the aspects of improvement of body color of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, prevention and control of diseases, acceleration of growth and the like. But at present, the feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco which can obviously improve the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, particularly the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, is still lacking. In addition, the earlier years of research on optimizing the feed formula of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco mainly aims at the pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the full-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco, compared with the growth speed of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco has greater superiority in the aspect of 'yellow first' and is cultivated and optimized by more than three generations to ensure the quality of the parent and ensure the stability and high quality of the yellow excellent offspring seeds, and the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco has the advantages of long-off body shape, bright color, rapid growth and good disease resistance, and is popular with the heat of the majority of farmers once being released. More and more pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivators select 'yellow superior one' to become a trend, but few feed formulas specially developed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco are available in the world at present, so that the development of a feed which is more suitable for the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco 'yellow superior one' and can reduce the cost to a certain extent is very necessary.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed capable of reducing the dosage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to improve the problems.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a feed capable of reducing the dosage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matter: 39-70 parts of fish protein material, 0.1-1 part of spirulina, 0-17.9 parts of starch, 10.2-28 parts of flour, 2.53-3.10 parts of fish oil, 2.53-3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38-6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.9-13.84 parts of premix;
wherein the content of crude protein in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 30-50 wt%.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, which comprises the following steps: the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is prepared from a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides application of the feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein in feeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Optionally, the feeding Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is the feeding of the hybrid Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 'Huangyou No.' preferably, the hybrid Pelteobagrus fulvidraco takes the Pelteobagrus vachelli as a male parent and takes the common Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) as a female parent.
At least one technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by selecting specific feed components and proportions and adding spirulina into the raw materials, the use amount of crude protein is reduced while the rapid growth of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is kept, the feed fat and energy levels are optimized, the nutrition is balanced, the requirements of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco on fat and energy are met, the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco are greatly improved, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, simplicity in processing and wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The feed capable of reducing the protein dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed provided by the invention, and the preparation method and the application thereof are specifically described below.
Some embodiments of the invention provide a feed capable of reducing the dosage of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, and the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matter: the raw materials comprise: 39-70 parts of fish protein material, 0.1-1 part of spirulina, 0-17.9 parts of starch, 10.2-28 parts of flour, 2.53-3.10 parts of fish oil, 2.53-3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38-6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.9-13.84 parts of premix;
wherein the content of crude protein in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 30-50 wt%.
The fish protein material is a main substance for improving the protein of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the specific proportion is selected for compounding the materials such as spirulina, starch, flour, fish oil, soybean oil, microcrystalline cellulose and premix, the content of the crude protein improved by the fish protein material is controlled to be 30-50 wt%, the protein content of the whole feed is reduced, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be provided with fully balanced nutrition through the matching of the raw material components, so that the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco are obviously improved.
Among the raw material components, the spirulina (with the scientific name: Arthrospira platensis) belongs to the phylum cyanobacteria, the class cyanobacteria, the family Oscillatoriaceae and the genus spirulina, is an ancient low-grade prokaryotic unicellular or multicellular aquatic plant, the body length is 200 ion and 500 μm, and the width is 5-10 μm. The addition of the spirulina can keep the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco at higher levels on the premise of reducing fish protein materials. The starch, the flour and the like provide necessary energy for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and meanwhile, in the process of preparing the feed through puffing, the feed can be easily molded to meet the eating requirement of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The fish oil, the soybean oil, the microcrystalline cellulose, the multi-dimensional premix, the multi-mineral premix, the ethoxyquin, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the choline chloride and other components improve the sufficient nutritional requirements of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, promote the eating desire of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco on the feed, improve the mouthfeel of the feed and provide the quality of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
It should be noted that the starch may be corn starch, and may also be other starches, including but not limited to sweet potato starch, and the like.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in order to further improve the feeding rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco to the feed and the weight gain rate and quality of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, especially for the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the inventor optimizes the above formula by research and practice, and the raw materials comprise, in parts by weight of dry matter: 39-70 parts of fish protein material, 0.8-1 part of spirulina, 5-12 parts of starch, 16.6-22.4 parts of flour, 2.72-2.9 parts of fish oil, 2.72-2.9 parts of soybean oil, 0.38-6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.52 parts of premix, wherein the premix comprises 0.39 part of multi-dimensional premix, 5.00 parts of polymineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride; wherein the content of crude protein in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 36.47-44.28 wt%.
In some embodiments, the content of the crude fat in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed can be 7.62-8.47 wt%. For example, the crude fat content is 7.62 wt%, 8.47 wt%, 8.25 wt%, 7.96 wt%, 8.19 wt%, 8.03 wt%, 8.16 wt%, or 8.38 wt%, etc.
The selection of the fish protein material also has a certain influence on the weight gain rate, the ingestion rate and the like of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, in some embodiments, the fish protein material comprises at least one of fish meal, casein and soybean meal, more preferably, the fish protein material comprises fish meal, casein and soybean meal, and further preferably, the mass ratio of the fish meal to the casein to the soybean meal is 13-23.3: 13-23.3: 13 to 23.3.
Specifically, the fish meal is white fish meal, and preferably American white fish meal.
The formula of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is further optimized, and in some embodiments, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18.13 parts of fish meal, 1 part of spirulina, 18.13 parts of casein, 18.13 parts of soybean meal, 8.7 parts of starch, 19.41 parts of flour, 2.82 parts of fish oil, 2.82 parts of soybean oil, 3.34 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. Wherein the fish meal is American white fish meal, the starch is corn starch, the feed pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed contains 40.13 wt% of crude protein and 7.96 wt% of crude fat.
In order to achieve good mixing between the ingredients and good expansion granulation, in some embodiments, the particle size of each ingredient is less than 100 mesh.
Further, in order to ensure that the feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can fully meet the growth requirement of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and is particularly suitable for the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, in some embodiments, the multi-dimensional premix comprises vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin a, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.
Wherein the mass ratio of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K is 18-22: 18-22: 18-22: 0.01-0.03: 4-6: 40-60: 90-110: 90-110: 0.08-0.12: 90-110: 100-120: 18-22: 40-60: 9 to 11.
Preferably, the mass ratio of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K is 20: 20: 20: 0.02: 5: 50: 100: 100: 0.1: 100: 110: 20: 50: 10.
in order to ensure that the feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can fully meet the growth requirement of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, particularly is suitable for the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, certain requirements are also made on the components of the multi-mineral premix, and in some embodiments, the multi-mineral premix comprises sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide.
Wherein the mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrophosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide is 48-52: 810-820: 1200-1300: 1500-1700: 760 to 770: 220-230: 170-190: 17.5-18: 6.1-6.2: 1.5-1.6: 3.4-3.5: 11.4 to 11.6.
Preferably, the mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide is 50: 815.56: 1250: 1600: 765: 228.62: 175: 17.8: 6.14: 1.55: 3.45: 11.48.
some embodiments of the present invention also provide a preparation method of the above pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises: the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is prepared from a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion.
Optionally, the blend is expanded and granulated. The preparation method of the feed uses a bulking machine, and comprises the preparation conditions that the first zone is heated to 73-77 ℃, preferably 75 ℃, the second zone is heated to 98-102 ℃, preferably 100 ℃, the third zone is heated to 118-122 ℃, preferably 120 ℃, the current value of the main rotating shaft of the bulking machine is 23-26A, and the rotating speed of a cutter is 1100-1300 rpm, preferably 1200 rpm.
Optionally, the mixture is obtained by pulverizing and sieving the raw materials respectively with a 100-mesh pulverizer, and mixing uniformly.
Some embodiments of the invention also provide application of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed in feeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
Optionally, the feeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco is the feeding of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, preferably, the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco takes the pelteobagrus vachelli as a male parent and the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco as a female parent.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13.00 parts of American white fish meal, 1.00 part of spirulina, 13.00 parts of casein, 13.00 parts of soybean meal, 17.90 parts of corn starch, 28.00 parts of flour, 3.10 parts of fish oil, 3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38 part of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: the crude protein content was 30.64% and the crude fat content was 7.62%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the puffing temperature is divided into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14.70 parts of American white fish meal, 1.00 part of spirulina, 14.70 parts of casein, 14.70 parts of soybean meal, 14.70 parts of corn starch, 25.30 parts of flour, 3.00 parts of fish oil, 3.00 parts of soybean oil, 1.38 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: the crude protein content was 33.15%, the crude fat content was 8.47%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, dividing the melting temperature into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, and the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute to obtain the yellow catfish puffed feed with the particle size of 1 mm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16.42 parts of American white fish meal, 1.00 part of spirulina, 16.42 parts of casein, 16.42 parts of soybean meal, 11.70 parts of corn starch, 22.40 parts of flour, 2.90 parts of fish oil, 2.90 parts of soybean oil, 2.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: the crude protein content was 36.47%, the crude fat content was 8.25%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, dividing the melting temperature into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, and the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute to obtain the yellow catfish puffed feed with the particle size of 1 mm.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18.13 parts of American white fish meal, 1.00 part of spirulina, 18.13 parts of casein, 18.13 parts of soybean meal, 8.70 parts of corn starch, 19.41 parts of flour, 2.82 parts of fish oil, 2.82 parts of soybean oil, 3.34 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: the crude protein content was 40.13%, the crude fat content was 7.96%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, dividing the melting temperature into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, and the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute to obtain the yellow catfish puffed feed with the particle size of 1 mm.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 19.84 parts of American white fish meal, 1.00 part of spirulina, 19.84 parts of casein, 19.84 parts of soybean meal, 5.60 parts of corn starch, 16.60 parts of flour, 2.72 parts of fish oil, 2.72 parts of soybean oil, 4.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: the crude protein content was 44.28%, the crude fat content was 8.19%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, dividing the melting temperature into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, and the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute to obtain the yellow catfish puffed feed with the particle size of 1 mm.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21.60 parts of American white fish meal, 1.00 part of spirulina, 21.60 parts of casein, 21.60 parts of soybean meal, 3.20 parts of corn starch, 12.90 parts of flour, 2.62 parts of fish oil, 2.62 parts of soybean oil, 5.34 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: the crude protein content was 47.59% and the crude fat content was 8.03%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, dividing the melting temperature into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, and the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute to obtain the yellow catfish puffed feed with the particle size of 1 mm.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23.30 parts of American white fish meal, 1.00 part of spirulina, 23.30 parts of casein, 23.30 parts of soybean meal, 0.00 part of corn starch, 10.20 parts of flour, 2.53 parts of fish oil, 2.53 parts of soybean oil, 6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: the crude protein content was 49.92%, the crude fat content was 8.16%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, dividing the melting temperature into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, and the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute to obtain the yellow catfish puffed feed with the particle size of 1 mm.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18.40 parts of American white fish meal, 0.00 part of spirulina, 18.40 parts of casein, 18.40 parts of soybean meal, 8.10 parts of corn starch, 20.15 parts of flour, 2.82 parts of fish oil, 2.82 parts of soybean oil, 3.39 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutritional ingredients in the compound feed for the yellow catfish are in proportion as follows: the crude protein content was 39.87% and the crude fat content was 8.38%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, dividing the melting temperature into three intervals according to the process, wherein the first interval is 75 ℃, the second interval is 100 ℃, the third interval is 120 ℃, and the time from feeding to granulating is about 1 minute to obtain the yellow catfish puffed feed with the particle size of 1 mm.
The feed formulations and nutritional ingredients of examples 1-8 are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Test example 1
Temporarily breeding a test object pelteobagrus fulvidraco for 15 days, selecting pelteobagrus fulvidraco with normal body shape and uniform specification, weighing, and randomly distributing the pelteobagrus fulvidraco to 24 pond cage culture systems, wherein the pond cage culture systems are provided by four old Chinese family fish stock farms in the old river Yangtze river, and the specification of the cage is 2 x 2m3.30 fish tails are placed in each box, the initial weight of the fish body is about 34g, 3 net cages are randomly selected to be used as 1 test treatment, and the fish of each treatment group is fed with the same test feed of the embodiment 1-8. Test fish were fed satisfyingly twice a day (7:00 and 17: 00). The culture test period is 60 days. Continuously increasing oxygen by using an oxygen increasing disc during the culture period, and naturally illuminating. The water temperature during the culture period is 26.7-35.6 ℃.
And respectively measuring the weight of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco eating different test group feeds after the culture is finished so as to calculate the weight gain rate, the feed efficiency and the ingestion rate. Weighing the total weight of fish bodies, randomly taking 3 fish from each net cage, measuring the body length and the body weight respectively, calculating morphological indexes, dissecting the fish, and taking out visceral mass and liver in sequence for calculating liver body indexes and visceral body indexes. And randomly selecting 3 fishes from each net cage, combining the fishes into a whole fish sample, and determining biochemical composition components of the fish body for evaluating the influence of ingestion of different feeds on the growth performance of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Wherein, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is a hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the pelteobagrus vachelli is taken as a male parent, and the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco is taken as a female parent.
The growth results of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed by the feeds of the examples 1-8 are shown in the table 2, and the results of the examples 1-8 respectively correspond to 1-8 in the table in sequence.
TABLE 2
In table 2, the same column of the numerical superscript letters showed significant differences (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from table 2, the growth rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco in example 4 group is the fastest, and the growth rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco in example 8 group is the slowest, and it is found from the results of examples 1 to 7 that the weight gain rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco is increased and then decreased, and reaches the maximum value in example 4 group (protein level 40.13%). As can be seen from the comparison between the groups of examples 4 and 8, the weight gain rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco is significantly higher than that of the test group (example 8) without adding the spirulina powder into the feed when 1% of the spirulina powder is added into the feed at the same protein level (example 4), and the feeding rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the group of example 4 is significantly higher than that of the group of example 8. Therefore, under the test conditions, the feed can be added with 1% of spirulina powder to the pelteobagrus fulvidraco in a certain growth stage, so that the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be obviously improved.
Example 9
This example differs from example 4 only in that the casein and soy meal were replaced with american white fish meal, i.e. the amount of american white fish meal was 54.39 parts in the feed.
Example 10
This example differs from example 4 only in that casein was used in the feed instead of american white fish meal and soybean meal, i.e. in 54.39 parts casein.
It is noted that the multi-vitamin premix of examples 1-10 above includes vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, niacin, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. Wherein the mass ratio of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K is 20: 20: 20: 0.02: 5: 50: 100: 100: 0.1: 100: 110: 20: 50: 10.
the multi-mineral premix comprises sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide. Wherein the mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrophosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide is 50: 815.56: 1250: 1600: 765: 228.62: 175: 17.8: 6.14: 1.55: 3.45: 11.48.
in conclusion, the embodiment of the invention optimizes the content of crude protein and the levels of fat and energy in the feed, has balanced nutrition, meets the requirements of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco on the fat and the energy, has easily obtained raw materials, is simple and convenient to process, and has wide market application prospect.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein is characterized in that the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matters: 39-70 parts of fish protein material, 0.1-1 part of spirulina, 0-17.9 parts of starch, 10.2-28 parts of flour, 2.53-3.10 parts of fish oil, 2.53-3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38-6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.9-13.84 parts of premix;
wherein the content of crude protein in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 30-50 wt%.
2. The feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matters: 39-70 parts of fish protein material, 0.8-1 part of spirulina, 5-12 parts of starch, 16.6-22.4 parts of flour, 2.72-2.9 parts of fish oil, 2.72-2.9 parts of soybean oil, 0.38-6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.52 parts of premix, wherein the premix comprises 0.39 part of multi-dimensional premix, 5.00 parts of polymineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride;
wherein the content of crude protein in the yellow catfish feed is 36.47-44.28 wt%;
preferably, the content of crude fat in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 7.62-8.47 wt%;
preferably, the fish protein material comprises at least one of fish meal, casein and soybean meal, more preferably, the fish protein material comprises the fish meal, the casein and the soybean meal, and further preferably, the mass ratio of the fish meal to the casein to the soybean meal is 13-23.3: 13-23.3: 13 to 23.3;
preferably, the fish meal is white fish meal, and further preferably American white fish meal.
3. The feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to claim 2, is characterized in that the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matters: 18.13 parts of fish meal, 1 part of spirulina, 18.13 parts of casein, 18.13 parts of soybean meal, 8.7 parts of starch, 19.41 parts of flour, 2.82 parts of fish oil, 2.82 parts of soybean oil, 3.34 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride.
4. The feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size of the raw material is less than 100 meshes.
5. The feed capable of reducing the protein dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the multi-vitamin premix comprises vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K;
the mass ratio of the vitamin B1, the vitamin B2, the vitamin B6, the vitamin B12, the folic acid, the calcium pantothenate, the inositol, the nicotinic acid, the biotin, the vitamin C, the vitamin A, the vitamin D, the vitamin E and the vitamin K is 18-22: 18-22: 18-22: 0.01-0.03: 4-6: 40-60: 90-110: 90-110: 0.08-0.12: 90-110: 100-120: 18-22: 40-60: 9-11;
preferably, the mass ratios of said vitamin B1, said vitamin B2, said vitamin B6, said vitamin B12, said folic acid, said calcium pantothenate, said inositol, said niacin, said biotin, said vitamin C, said vitamin a, said vitamin D, said vitamin E, and said vitamin K are, in order, 20: 20: 20: 0.02: 5: 50: 100: 100: 0.1: 100: 110: 20: 50: 10.
6. the feed capable of reducing the protein dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the multi-mineral premix comprises sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide;
the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the magnesium sulfate to the sodium dihydrogen phosphate to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the calcium hydrogen phosphate to the ferrous sulfate to the calcium lactate to the zinc sulfate to the manganese sulfate to the copper sulfate to the cobalt sulfate to the potassium iodide is 48-52: 810-820: 1200-1300: 1500-1700: 760 to 770: 220-230: 170-190: 17.5-18: 6.1-6.2: 1.5-1.6: 3.4-3.5: 11.4 to 11.6;
preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium chloride, the magnesium sulfate, the sodium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the calcium hydrogen phosphate, the ferrous sulfate, the calcium lactate, the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate, the cobalt sulfate and the potassium iodide is 50: 815.56: 1250: 1600: 765: 228.62: 175: 17.8: 6.14: 1.55: 3.45: 11.48.
7. the preparation method of the feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is prepared from a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion.
8. The preparation method of the feed capable of reducing the dosage of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the steps of puffing and granulating the mixture;
preferably, a bulking machine is used for preparing the feed, and the preparation conditions are that the first zone is heated to 73-77 ℃, preferably 75 ℃, the second zone is heated to 98-102 ℃, preferably 100 ℃, the third zone is heated to 118-122 ℃, preferably 120 ℃, the current value of a main rotating shaft of the bulking machine is 23-26A, and the rotating speed of a cutter is 1100-1300 rpm, preferably 1200 rpm;
preferably, the mixture is obtained by respectively crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher and then uniformly mixing the crushed raw materials.
9. The feed capable of reducing the dosage of the feed protein for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the application of the feed capable of reducing the dosage of the feed protein for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 8 in feeding the pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
10. The application of claim 9, wherein the feeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco is feeding hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco 'Huangyou No', preferably, the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco is a pelteobagrus vachelli male parent and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) female parent.
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