CN111581284A - High-availability method, device and system for database and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-availability method, a device, a system and a storage medium of a database.A master node and a slave node in a data center database form an MGR cluster, MySQL can automatically discover the crash of the master database in an MGR mode, and a new master node is generated by a master selection mechanism to provide read-write service to the outside so as to realize automatic master-slave switching and fault recovery capability; and the relation between the nodes is maintained by combining with the consul in the micro-service framework, so that the synchronization and strong consistency of data between the nodes are realized, and the domain name of the switched main node is analyzed by combining with the dynamic domain name server to obtain the corresponding IP address, thereby ensuring the reliability and the rapidness of automatic switching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of database management, and particularly relates to a high-availability method, device, system and storage medium for a database.
Background
The MYSQL database is the relational database with the largest open source application at present, and massive applications store data in the MYSQL database. The safety and reliability of stored data are the focus of the production database, most MYSQL databases at present solve single-point failures, and the traditional MHA, PXC and other schemes are adopted, while the existing MHA (the MHA is developed by the DenA company in Japan and is a set of excellent high-availability software for switching failures and master-slave lifting under the MySQL high-availability environment) can only be deployed in the same network segment of the same machine room. For database machines in different network segments or in the same network segment of different machine rooms, when the MHA switches the VIP (virtual IP), the application program is likely to have a problem that the host cannot be found through the VIP connection, so that data switching failure is caused to cause great loss to users.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that in the prior art of remote disaster recovery, switching failure caused by the fact that a host cannot be found easily in remote computer room switching, the invention provides a high-availability method, a device, a system and a storage medium of a database, which have the characteristics of automatic switching, reliability, rapidness and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a database high availability method, comprising:
determining a master node and a slave node of each data center database;
constructing an MGR cluster based on the master node and the slave nodes;
constructing a consul based on the MGR cluster, and registering the master node and the slave nodes on service discovery of the consul to monitor states of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster;
and after discovering that the state of the master node and/or the slave node in the MGR cluster is changed, the DNS-based dynamic domain name service sends the IP address corresponding to the domain name of the new master node to the client of the consul.
Further, the step of discovering the service of the consul to monitor the states of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster specifically includes:
and performing data synchronization and relationship maintenance between the consul and cluster nodes of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster based on a gossip protocol.
Further, the discovering the services of the consul to monitor the states of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster specifically further includes:
and monitoring the master-slave switching state of the nodes based on detection scripts pre-placed in the master node and the slave nodes.
Further, different data centers communicate with each other based on the internet.
Further, the operation mode of the MGR cluster is a single master-slave mode, and the single master-slave mode specifically includes: and one master node drives two slave nodes to store data.
Further, the master node is responsible for the read-write function of the data center and synchronizes data with the slave nodes.
Further, the consul includes at least two client services, and each client service is used for monitoring a specific database.
The database high-availability device according to the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the system comprises an MGR cluster module, a data center database and a data center database, wherein the MGR cluster module is used for determining a main node and a slave node of each data center database and constructing an MGR cluster based on the main node and the slave node;
a consul module, configured to construct a consul based on the MGR cluster, and register the master node and the slave node to service discovery of the consul to monitor states of the master node and the slave node in the MGR cluster;
and the dynamic domain name module is used for sending an IP address corresponding to the domain name of a new main node to the client of the consul after the consul discovers that the state of the main node and/or the slave node in the MGR cluster is changed based on the dynamic domain name service of the DNS.
A database high availability system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program implements the database high availability method as described above when the computer program is called and executed by the processor.
A storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention has a computer program stored therein, the computer program at least being used for executing the database high availability method as described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the master node and the slave nodes in the data center database form an MGR cluster, MySQL can automatically discover the crash of the master database in an MGR mode, and a new master node is generated through a master selection system to provide read-write service to the outside, so that automatic master-slave switching and fault recovery capability are realized; and the relation between the nodes is maintained by combining with the consul in the micro-service framework, so that the synchronization and strong consistency of data between the nodes are realized, and the domain name of the switched main node is analyzed by combining with the dynamic domain name server to obtain the corresponding IP address, thereby ensuring the reliability and the rapidness of automatic switching.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a database high availability method provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a database high availability method provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of consul provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a consul provision service provided according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a database high availability method, including the following steps:
101. determining a master node and a slave node of each data center database;
102. constructing an MGR cluster based on the master node and the slave nodes;
103. constructing a consul based on the MGR cluster, and registering the master node and the slave nodes on service discovery of the consul to monitor states of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster;
104. and after discovering that the state of the master node and/or the slave node in the MGR cluster is changed, the dynamic domain name service based on the DNS sends the IP address corresponding to the domain name of the new master node to the client of the consul.
Specifically, MySQL Group Replication (MGR) is a solution for MySQL database high availability and high expansion, provided in a plug-in form, and realizes the final consistency of data in a distributed manner, and MGR has the following characteristics:
group replication is realized based on a distributed paxos protocol, and data consistency is ensured;
the automatic detection mechanism can continue to work as long as most nodes are not down, and a split brain prevention protection mechanism is arranged in the automatic detection mechanism;
the addition and removal of the nodes can automatically update the group member information, and after a new node is added, incremental data are automatically synchronized from other nodes until the incremental data are consistent with the data of other nodes;
and a single main mode and a multi-main mode are provided, the single main mode can automatically select a main after the main library is down, all writing is performed in the main nodes, and the multi-main mode supports multi-node writing. The principle is based on the fact that the replica group is a server cluster interacting with each other through message passing. The communication layer provides guarantee mechanisms such as atomic message (atomic message) and complete ordered information interaction, multi-master updating based on a replication protocol is achieved, automatic master-slave switching and fault recovery capabilities are achieved, primary serving as a master node is a unique readable and writable node, and other nodes are slave nodes and can provide reading services. In a traditional master-slave copy mode, if a master node generates crash, the MySQLDBA needs to manually upgrade a slave library to a new master library, and after the old master library is restarted, a change master to rebuild the copy relationship and a start slave to start copy are executed. In the case of semi-sync copy, semi-sync parameter configuration is also needed. However, under the MGR mode, MySQL can automatically discover the crash of the main library, and a new main node is generated through the main selection mechanism to provide read-write service for the outside. After the old master node is restarted, the DBA can add the crash node into the Group again only by executing start Group _ replication, and the operation and maintenance convenience and the system robustness are greatly improved.
The Consul is a very important module in the micro-service architecture, provides functions of service registration, service discovery and the like, supports multiple data centers, is interconnected through the Internet among the multiple data centers, and meanwhile, please note that only the Server node is added to the communication across the data centers in order to improve the communication efficiency.
In a single data center, Consul is divided into a Client node and a Server node (all the nodes are also called agents), the Server node stores data, and the Client is responsible for health check and forwarding a data request to the Server; the Server node is provided with a Leader and a plurality of Follows, the Leader node can synchronize data to the Follows, and when the Leader is hung, an election mechanism can be started to generate a new Leader.
Consul nodes within a cluster maintain membership via gossip protocol, i.e., a node knows which nodes are still present within the cluster, and whether these nodes are clients or servers. The streamlet protocol of a single data center communicates using both TCP and UDP and both use 8301 ports. The streamlet protocol across the data center also communicates using both TCP and UDP, with ports 8302.
The read-write request of the data in the cluster can be directly sent to the Server, can also be forwarded to the Server by using RPC through the Client, the request can finally reach the Leader node, under the condition that the data is allowed to be slightly old, the read-write request can also be completed at the common Server node, and the read-write and the copy of the data in the cluster are completed through 8300 ports of TCP.
In specific use, a consul program is arranged on a node, when a DNS form is adopted for service discovery, a domain name is directly discovered by using the service of the node, a domain name resolution request reaches a DNS proxy of a client, and is forwarded to consumervice so as to obtain an IP address of a corresponding port, and a micro-service client can quickly obtain the IP address so as to quickly obtain connection with a main node to ensure the smoothness of operation.
Therefore, the nodes of the data center are constructed into the MGR cluster, the fast master-slave switching can be realized when the master node fails, the data of the master-slave nodes are kept strong consistency through cusul service discovery, the domain name information is modified through a script by a dynamic Domain Name Service (DNS), and when the application is reconnected again, the domain name corresponds to a new address. The function of automatically and rapidly switching master and slave is achieved, and therefore the high-availability function of the database is achieved.
As a feasible implementation manner of the foregoing embodiment, taking a single master mode of MGR as an example, after the MGR cluster is built, a consul is built to register mysql-primary (database master node) and mysql-slave (database slave node) thereof on the service discovery:
wherein, consul-server: 192.168.202.177, respectively;
consul-client：192.168.202.174、192.168.202.175、192.168.202.176；
and respectively placing configuration files in a consul-server and a consul-client, and respectively placing configuration files in a consul client: 192.168.202.174, 192.168.202.175, 192.168.202.176, the script for checking primay and the script for checking slave are written as follows:
launch a consul service at 192.168.202.177, launch a consul client at 192.168.202.174, 192.168.202.175, 192.168.202.176; and finally, configuring a domain name server IP at the App end to analyze the domain name of the consul suffix, and analyzing and skipping the DNS.
In some embodiments of the present invention, taking a data center set in lakehous as an example, a DNS server of a local data center queries an a record of a database, a DNS forwards a domain name resolution protocol to consul (hereinafter referred to as a micro service), the micro service returns an IP address, a micro service client may check a state of the database at regular time, and after a master node of an MGR cluster fails, the DNS server obtains an IP address of a new master node to achieve strong data consistency, thereby preventing data loss.
In another embodiment of the invention, data centers are respectively set up in Shanghai and Huzhou, and the two data centers are simultaneously configured with gossip protocol, and the data centers ensure data consistency through the protocol. If the central backbone network fails, data of Shanghai and Huzhou data centers are inconsistent, and after the network is recovered, the two sides automatically synchronize difference data to realize data consistency. And each data center manages services under the center. If the Shanghai center crashes, the lake State center will take over all node services for a limited time, and provide them to all applications. And after the Shanghai center is recovered, the dynamic DNS adopts a principle that most data are subjected to a small number of snapshots and old and new to incrementally synchronize. The dynamic DNS domain name proxy service is responsible for analyzing and maintaining all host A records of mysql.
The dynamic DNS master node is responsible for the reading and writing functions of the data center, the dynamic DNS slave node is responsible for communicating with the dynamic DNS agent, when the agent reads and writes data, the slave node can forward the request to the dynamic DNS master node, and the master node is responsible for updating and synchronizing the data. and uploading the service state of the agent every N seconds, and if the agent is not connected, displaying the abnormal agent on the serveri by the dynamic DNS server side and trying to reconnect automatically by the agent. Each agent may run multiple client services, each for monitoring specific functions of a given remote database, such as operational status, number of connections, CPU, IO utilization, and the like. Each service has a timeliness, indicating the status of the service during this time.
By using dynamic DNS service together with MGR function, HA function of database is improved. And a dynamic DNS service function is added, so that an application program can find the database through a dynamic domain name. The MGR provides strong data consistency, provides data guarantee for automatic switching of the database, and enables the data center to recover normally within 10-20 seconds when a fault occurs, so that the speed is higher compared with the existing single solution.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a database high-availability device, which comprises:
the MGR cluster module is used for determining a main node and a slave node of each data center database and constructing an MGR cluster based on the main node and the slave node;
the consul module is used for constructing a consul based on the MGR cluster and registering the master node and the slave nodes to service discovery of the consul so as to monitor the states of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster;
and the dynamic domain name module is used for sending the IP address corresponding to the domain name of the new main node to the client of the consul after the status of the main node and/or the slave node in the MGR cluster is found to be changed by the dynamic domain name service based on the DNS.
For a specific implementation manner of the database high-availability apparatus, reference may be made to the embodiment of the database high-availability method described in the foregoing embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a database high-availability system, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is called by the processor to execute the database high-availability method described in the above embodiment.
In order to adapt to the database high-availability apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium for use, where a computer program is stored in the storage medium, and the computer program is at least used for executing the database high-availability method described above.
A storage medium for storing a computer program for performing at least the database high availability method of any of the above; the processor is used for calling and executing the computer program in the memory, and the storage medium is not limited to a floppy disk, a hard disk and a flash disk, but other memories can be adopted, so that the invention is not limited herein.
The high-availability method of the database provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the dynamic DNS service and the MGR function to be used together, thereby improving the HA function of the database. The dynamic DNS service function is added, so that an application program can find the database through a dynamic domain name, the MGR provides strong data consistency, and data guarantee is provided for automatic switching of the database.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
What has been described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, any use of the term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean a "non-exclusive or".
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A database high availability method, comprising:
determining a master node and a slave node of each data center database;
constructing an MGR cluster based on the master node and the slave nodes;
constructing a consul based on the MGR cluster, and registering the master node and the slave nodes on service discovery of the consul to monitor states of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster;
and after discovering that the state of the master node and/or the slave node in the MGR cluster is changed, the DNS-based dynamic domain name service sends the IP address corresponding to the domain name of the new master node to the client of the consul.
2. The database high-availability method according to claim 1, wherein the discovering of the consul service to monitor the statuses of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster specifically comprises:
and performing data synchronization and relationship maintenance between the consul and cluster nodes of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster based on a gossip protocol.
3. The database high-availability method according to claim 2, wherein the discovering of the consul service to monitor the statuses of the master node and the slave nodes in the MGR cluster further includes:
and monitoring the master-slave switching state of the nodes based on detection scripts pre-placed in the master node and the slave nodes.
4. The database high availability method of claim 1, wherein different data centers communicate with each other based on the internet.
5. The database high-availability method according to claim 1, wherein the MGR cluster is operated in a single master-slave mode, and the single master-slave mode specifically includes: and one master node drives two slave nodes to store data.
6. The database high availability method of claim 5, wherein the master node is responsible for the read-write function of a data center and synchronizes data with the slave nodes.
7. The database high availability method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said consul comprises at least two client services, each of said client services is used for monitoring a specific database.
8. A database high availability apparatus, comprising:
the system comprises an MGR cluster module, a data center database and a data center database, wherein the MGR cluster module is used for determining a main node and a slave node of each data center database and constructing an MGR cluster based on the main node and the slave node;
a consul module, configured to construct a consul based on the MGR cluster, and register the master node and the slave node to service discovery of the consul to monitor states of the master node and the slave node in the MGR cluster;
and the dynamic domain name module is used for sending an IP address corresponding to the domain name of a new main node to the client of the consul after the consul discovers that the state of the main node and/or the slave node in the MGR cluster is changed based on the dynamic domain name service of the DNS.
9. A database high availability system comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program that when invoked for execution by the processor implements the database high availability method of any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored therein a computer program for performing at least the database high availability method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN114666202A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-24 | 中国建设银行股份有限公司 | Monitoring method and device for master-slave switching based on cloud database |
| CN114666202B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2024-04-26 | 中国建设银行股份有限公司 | Monitoring method and device for master-slave switching based on cloud database |
| CN114826892A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 济南浪潮数据技术有限公司 | Cluster node control method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN115499299A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-20 | 航天信息股份有限公司 | Cluster equipment monitoring method and device |
| CN115934428A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-07 | 湖南三湘银行股份有限公司 | Main disaster recovery backup switching method and device of MYSQL database and electronic equipment |
| CN117112701B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-01-19 | 武汉吧哒科技股份有限公司 | Node switching method in distributed database, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN117112701A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-24 | 武汉吧哒科技股份有限公司 | Node switching method in distributed database, computer equipment and storage medium |
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