CN111581145A - Bus communication system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A bus communication system comprising: the device comprises an upper unit, a plurality of lower units, a transmission line and a ground wire; the upper unit and each lower unit are respectively connected with the transmission line and the ground wire; the upper unit supplies a power supply signal to the plurality of lower units through the transmission line, and performs data communication with the plurality of lower units through the transmission line.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to, but is not limited to, the field of field bus technology, and more particularly, to a bus communication system and method.
Background
The fieldbus technology is suitable for industrial control applications of field monitoring and control distributed widely in a long distance range (several to tens of kilometers or more), such as oil and gas pipeline monitoring, oil and gas monitoring of oil wells, harmful gas monitoring of coal mines, railway track monitoring, various data monitoring of smart cities, water and soil monitoring of smart agriculture, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a bus communication system and method, which realizes low-cost and high-reliability bus communication.
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a bus communication system comprising: the device comprises an upper unit, a plurality of lower units, a transmission line and a ground wire; the upper unit and each lower unit are respectively connected with the transmission line and the ground wire; the upper unit supplies a power supply signal to the plurality of lower units through the transmission line, and performs data communication with the plurality of lower units through the transmission line.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a bus communication method applied to the bus communication system described above, the bus communication method including: the upper unit supplies power supply signals to the plurality of lower units through transmission lines; the upper unit sends a transmission instruction to one or more lower units through the transmission line, and receives data signals uploaded by the corresponding lower units through the transmission line; or, the upper unit receives the data signals uploaded by one or more lower units through the transmission line.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a bus communication method applied to the bus communication system described above, the bus communication method including: the lower unit receives a power supply signal through a transmission line; after receiving a transmission instruction issued by an upper unit through the transmission line, the lower unit uploads a data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line; or, the lower unit uploads a data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line.
The bus communication system provided by the present disclosure can provide low-cost, high-reliability bus communication by transmitting power signals and data signals between an upper unit and a plurality of lower units through one transmission line.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the disclosure. Other advantages of the disclosure may be realized and attained by the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification and the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide an understanding of the disclosed embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the examples serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a bus communication system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is another exemplary diagram of a bus communication system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a voltage stabilization unit according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of capacitor charging and discharging voltage waveforms according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is another exemplary diagram of a voltage stabilization unit according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of interfaces between the upper unit and the lower unit and the transmission line according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 7 is an exemplary workflow diagram of a bus communication system of at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram of a pulse signal of a bus communication system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is an exemplary operational flow diagram of a bus controller system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is an exemplary workflow diagram of a smart sensor system of at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a bus communication system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is another flow chart of a bus communication system according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure describes embodiments, but the description is illustrative rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the embodiments described in the present disclosure. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the drawings and discussed in the embodiments, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature or element of any embodiment may be used in combination with or instead of any other feature or element in any other embodiment, unless expressly limited otherwise.
The present disclosure includes and contemplates combinations of features and elements known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments, features and elements that have been disclosed in this application may also be combined with any conventional features or elements to form unique aspects as defined by the claims. Any feature or element of any embodiment may also be combined with features or elements from other inventive aspects to form yet another unique inventive aspect, as defined by the claims. Thus, it should be understood that any of the features shown or discussed in this application may be implemented separately or in any suitable combination. Accordingly, the embodiments are not limited except as by the appended claims and their equivalents. Furthermore, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims.
Further, in describing representative embodiments, the specification may have presented a method or process as a particular sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the particular order of steps set forth herein, the method or process should not be limited to the particular sequence of steps described. Other orders of steps are possible as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as limitations on the claims. Further, the claims directed to the method or process should not be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the sequences may be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in this disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. In the present disclosure, "a plurality" may mean two or more numbers. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "coupled," "connected," or "connected," and the like, are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "electrically connected" includes the case where constituent elements are connected together by an element having some sort of electrical action. The "element having a certain electric function" is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit and receive an electric signal between connected components. Examples of the "element having some kind of electric function" include not only an electrode and a wiring but also a switching element such as a transistor, a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor, another element having one or more functions, and the like.
To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, a detailed description of some known functions and components have been omitted from the present disclosure. The drawings of the embodiments of the disclosure only relate to the structures related to the embodiments of the disclosure, and other structures can refer to the common design.
The disclosed embodiments provide a bus communication system and method, which can implement low-cost and high-reliability bus communication by adopting a field bus technology of one transmission line. The bus communication system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is suitable for being applied to long-distance large-range distributed multipoint field monitoring scenes, for example, the bus communication system can be applied to industrial control fields such as power plant cable trench cable temperature real-time monitoring, tobacco plant tobacco stack internal temperature monitoring, grain depot grain stack internal temperature monitoring and the like.
The disclosed embodiment provides a bus communication system, including: an upper unit, a plurality of lower units, a single transmission line (which may also be referred to as a power supply and a signal line in this embodiment), and a ground line. The upper unit and each lower unit are respectively connected with the transmission line and the ground wire; the upper unit supplies a power supply signal to the plurality of lower units through the transmission line, and performs data communication with the plurality of lower units through the transmission line.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the upper unit is connected to the plurality of lower units through the transmission line, and the transmission of the power signal and the data signal between the upper unit and the lower unit can be realized through the transmission line, that is, both the power energy and the data signal can be transmitted on one transmission line. The number of the lower units to which the upper unit is connected is not limited in the present embodiment. In some examples, a maximum of 255 lower units may be connected to the upper unit.
In some exemplary embodiments, the bus communication system provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure may further include: and the connecting resistor is connected between the transmission line and the ground wire.
Fig. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a bus communication system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the bus communication system provided in this embodiment includes: the upper unit 10, the plurality of lower units (e.g., the lower units 121, 122, 123, and 12n), the one transmission line 14, the ground line 16, and the connection resistor 15. The upper unit 10 is connected to a transmission line 14 and a ground line 16, and each of the lower units is connected to the transmission line 14 and the ground line 16. The upper unit 10 may supply a power supply signal to the plurality of lower units through the transmission line 14 and perform data communication with the plurality of lower units through the transmission line 14.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the transmission line 14 may be one of ordinary twisted pair power lines. To reduce interference, the transmission line 14 may employ a power line with an additional shielding layer. The ground line 16 is used to loop the power signal and the data signal. Ground line 16 may be the other of the ordinary twisted pair power lines. To reduce interference, the ground line 16 may also employ a cable with an additional shielding layer along with the transmission line. However, this embodiment is not limited to this.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the connection resistor 15 is connected between the transmission line 14 and the ground line 16, and it is possible to achieve system impedance matching and prevent reflection of the input signal. In some examples, the resistance of the connection circuit 15 may range from 1 to 10 megaohms. However, this embodiment is not limited to this.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the upper unit 10 may include a microcomputer system composed of software and hardware, for example, a bus controller system. The bus controller system can be composed of hardware systems such as a single chip microcomputer and is provided with system management, a man-machine interface, bus communication management, data processing software and the like. In this example, the bus controller system may be used as an upper computer for implementing power supply and data communication and data management functions for lower units on the bus communication system of one transmission line.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the lower unit may be a microcomputer system, and may be referred to as a lower computer. The lower unit can comprise different types of devices such as intelligent sensors, actuators and the like. In some examples, the low-level unit may be composed of a patch microprocessor, a patch Integrated Circuit (IC), with lower power consumption. The lower unit maintains the current in a standby state to be only microampere magnitude, and the current in working is milliampere magnitude. The voltage value of the operating power supply of each of the lower units may be the same, and the operating power supply of the lower units may be supplied from the transmission line 14.
In the present exemplary embodiment, a maximum of 255 lower units may be hooked on the transmission line 14. In some examples, the superordinate unit 10 may be connected to different types of intelligent sensors, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, flow, rotational speed, gas monitoring, etc. sensors, via transmission lines 14. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the lower units 121 and 122 may be temperature sensors, and the lower unit 123 may be a pressure sensor. In some examples, the superordinate unit 10 may be connected to different types of actuators, such as digitally controlled switches, micro-digitally controlled motors, etc., via transmission lines 14 for enabling operation of remote field devices. In some examples, the superordinate unit 10 may connect the smart sensors and actuators via transmission lines 14. However, this embodiment is not limited to this. The bus communication system provided by the embodiment can realize monitoring and equipment control of widely distributed remote field signals with low cost.
In some exemplary embodiments, the bus communication system provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure may further include: and each voltage stabilizing unit is respectively connected with the corresponding lower unit and the transmission line. The voltage stabilizing unit may be configured to supply a power supply signal to the corresponding lower unit when the upper unit performs data communication with the plurality of lower units through the transmission line.
In some exemplary embodiments, the voltage stabilizing unit may include: the diode, the first resistor and the capacitor; the anode of the diode is connected with the transmission line, the cathode of the diode is connected with the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the anode of the capacitor, and the cathode of the capacitor is connected with the ground wire. The lower unit comprises a power interface and a grounding interface, the grounding interface is connected with the ground wire, and the power interface is connected with the first end or the second end of the first resistor.
In some exemplary embodiments, the bus communication system provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure may further include: and the power supply control unit is connected with the upper unit and the transmission line. The power supply control unit is used for providing a power supply signal or transmitting an instruction to the transmission line under the control of the upper unit.
In some exemplary embodiments, the lower unit may include: the counting circuit and the first transmission interface are respectively connected with the transmission line. The counting circuit is used for receiving the transmission instruction issued by the upper unit from the transmission line. The first transmission interface is used for transmitting data signals to the transmission line.
In some exemplary embodiments, the superordinate unit may include: the second transmission interface is connected with the transmission line, and the third transmission interface is connected with the power supply control unit. The second transmission interface is used for receiving the data signals reported by the lower unit from the transmission line. The third transmission interface is used for providing a control signal for the power supply control unit so that the power supply control unit generates a power supply signal or transmits an instruction.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a bus communication system in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2, the bus communication system provided by the present exemplary embodiment includes: the power supply control unit 11 includes an upper unit 10, a power supply control unit 11, a plurality of lower units (e.g., the lower units 121, 122, 123, and 12n), a plurality of voltage stabilizing units (e.g., the voltage stabilizing units 131, 132, 133, and 13n), one transmission line 14, a ground line 16, and a connection resistor 15. The upper unit 10 and the power supply control unit 11 are respectively connected to the transmission line 14 and the ground line 16, and the power supply control unit 11 is also connected to the upper unit 10. Each of the lower-level cells and the voltage stabilization cells is connected to the transmission line 14 and the ground line 16, the voltage stabilization cells and the lower-level cells correspond one-to-one, and the voltage stabilization cells are connected to the corresponding lower-level cells (for example, the voltage stabilization cell 131 is connected to the lower-level cell 121, and the voltage stabilization cell 132 is connected to the lower-level cell 122). The power supply control unit 11 may supply a power supply signal or transmit an instruction to the transmission line 14 under the control of the upper unit 10. The voltage stabilization unit may supply a power supply signal to the corresponding lower unit when the upper unit 10 performs data communication with the lower unit through the transmission line 14.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the power supply signal required for the lower unit (e.g., the sensor system) comes from the transmission line 14. The transmission line 14 is time-division multiplexed and can be used as a signal transmission line in communication and data upload, in addition to being used for a power supply line as a lower unit.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the power supply signal may be a high level signal, for example, having a voltage value of 5V. The transmission command may be a pulse signal, and the duration of the low level in the pulse signal may be less than or equal to 10 milliseconds.
In the present exemplary embodiment, after receiving the transmission instruction sent by the upper unit, any one of the lower units can identify whether the identification information carried by the transmission instruction is consistent with its own identification information, and when it is confirmed that the identification information is consistent, the lower unit can send the data signal carrying its own identification information to the upper unit through the transmission line. The identification information may be information for distinguishing the lower units, and may include a number, for example.
In the present exemplary embodiment, when any one of the lower units detects abnormal data, a data signal, which may include identification information (e.g., a number) of the lower unit itself and the abnormal data, may be actively transmitted to the upper unit through the transmission line. In this example, the data signal carrying the anomaly data may also be referred to as an alarm signal.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the data signal may be a pulse signal, and the duration of the low level in the pulse signal may be less than 10 msec.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a voltage stabilization unit according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, the voltage stabilization unit 131 will be described as an example. The voltage stabilizing unit 131 provided in the present exemplary embodiment includes: diode D, first resistance Ra and capacitor C1. The anode of the diode D is connected to the transmission line 14, the cathode of the diode D is connected to the first end of the first resistor Ra, the second end of the first resistor Ra is connected to the anode of the capacitor C1, and the cathode of the capacitor C1 is connected to the ground line 16. The lower unit 121 includes a power interface and a ground interface, the ground interface is connected to the ground line 16, and the power interface is connected to the second end of the first resistor Ra. In some examples, the capacitor C1 may be an electrolytic capacitor. However, the present embodiment does not limit the type of the capacitor C1.
As shown in FIG. 3, the voltage value of the power signal transmitted on the transmission line 14 is + V, for exampleCCThe voltage regulation unit may be used to provide a power supply signal when there is a low level pulse signal on the transmission line 14. When there is a low level pulse signal on the transmission line 14, the power supply of the lower unit (e.g., the sensor system) is taken from the positive electrode of the capacitor C1.
The voltage stabilizing unit 131 and the lower unit 121 will be described as an example. When the voltage on the transmission line 14 is constant + VCCTime (i.e., power signal provided by transmission line 14), + VCCThe capacitor C1 is charged by the diode D and the first resistor Ra, and after 3 to 5 time constants, the voltage value of the power interface of the lower unit 121 is + Vpp，+VppCan approach + VCCE.g. + VppCan reach 0.95VCCTo 0.99VCC. Where the time constant τ is RC. In the calculation formula of the time constant of the capacitor charging circuit, R is the resistance value of the first resistor Ra, and C is the capacitance value of the capacitor C1. When the value of each element parameter is appropriate (for example, C is 0.1 farad (F), and R is 200 ohms), the time constant of the capacitor charging circuit is about 20 seconds, that is, after the upper unit powers on the lower unit for 60 to 100 seconds, the voltage provided on the transmission line 14 can meet the requirement of the normal operating voltage of each lower unit.
In the present exemplary embodiment, when a low level pulse signal appears on the transmission line 14In the case of the signal, the transmission line 14 is grounded, so that the voltage stabilizing unit 131 including the diode D, the first resistor Ra and the capacitor C1 is a process of discharging the capacitor C1 through the loop of the lower unit 121. At this time, the diode D is in the off state, which means that the connection with the transmission line 14 is disconnected, and there is no voltage drop in the first resistor Ra. Since R in the calculation formula of the time constant of the discharge circuit formed by the capacitor C1 and the lower level cell 121 is the equivalent resistance of the lower level cell 121, the time constant of the discharge circuit is generally at least 100 seconds or more. Since the time constant of the discharge circuit is much larger than that of the capacitor charging circuit, the voltage reduction rate during discharge is much slower, while the charging rate is much faster. Also, in the present exemplary embodiment, the duration width of the low-level pulse is not more than 10 msec at the maximum. Even if it is assumed that the low-level pulse width is 10 msec at the maximum, the discharge time is one ten-thousandth of the discharge time constant, and then, the charge is performed. Therefore, + VppThe direct current stable voltage is only slightly fluctuated (the fluctuation rate is less than 0.1 percent) during the transmission period of the low-level pulse signal, and the requirement of the lower unit on the stable working power supply can be completely met. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor charging/discharging voltage waveform according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, the curve represents the fluctuation of + Vpp. As can be seen from fig. 4, when the transmission line 14 transmits the high-low level pulse signal, the voltage + Vpp received by the power interface of the lower unit fluctuates only slightly.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the influence of the low-level pulse signal on the power supply signal of the lower unit can be eliminated by the voltage stabilizing units corresponding to the lower units one to one, so that it is possible to ensure that the stable power supply signal is supplied to the lower unit when data communication is performed between the upper unit and the lower unit.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating another example of a voltage stabilizing unit according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the voltage stabilization unit 131 will be described as an example. The voltage stabilizing unit 131 provided in the present exemplary embodiment includes: diode D, first resistance Ra and capacitor C1. The anode of the diode D is connected to the transmission line 14, the cathode of the diode D is connected to the first end of the first resistor Ra, the second end of the first resistor Ra is connected to the anode of the capacitor C1, and the cathode of the capacitor C1 is connected to the ground line 16. The lower unit 121 includes a power supply interface and a ground interface, the ground interface is connected to the ground line 16, and the power supply interface is connected to a first end of the first resistor Ra. In some examples, the capacitor C1 may be an electrolytic capacitor. However, the present embodiment does not limit the type of the capacitor C1.
In the present exemplary embodiment, when a low-level pulse signal appears on the transmission line 14, the diode D is in an off state, which corresponds to disconnection from the transmission line 14. The capacitor C1, the first resistor Ra and the pull-down unit 121 form a discharge loop, the first resistor Ra has a divided voltage, and the dc voltage + Vpp supplied to the pull-down unit 121 can reach, for example, 0.9Vcc, which can meet the requirement of the lower unit for a stable operating power supply. Other aspects of the exemplary embodiment can be described with reference to the embodiment shown in fig. 3, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted here.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of interfaces between the upper unit and the lower unit and the transmission line according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 6, the lower unit 121 includes: the power interface V1, the ground interface GND1, the counting circuit 1210 and the first transmission interface I/O1. The ground interface GND1 is connected to the ground line 16, and the power interface V1 is connected to the second end of the first resistor Ra of the voltage regulator unit 131. A first terminal of the first resistor Ra of the voltage stabilizing unit 131 is connected to a cathode of the diode D. For the structural description of the voltage stabilizing unit 131, reference may be made to the embodiment shown in fig. 3, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the counting circuit 1210 and the first transmission interface I/O1Respectively connected to the transmission lines 14. The counting circuit 1210 is used for receiving a transmission instruction issued by the upper unit from the transmission line 14. First transmission interface I/O1For transmitting data signals to the transmission line 14. The counting circuit 1210 may include a plurality of synchronous counter chips, and is configured to count the number of pulses in the transmission instruction sent by the upper unit. The number of pulses of the transmission instruction may indicate the number of the lower unit. The lower unit 121 can identify whether the transmission instruction sent by the upper unit indicates itself to upload data according to the number of pulses counted by the counting unit 1210.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the lower unit 121 may be I/O through the first transmission interface1And reporting the data signal is realized. First transmission interface I/O1The interface can be a universal bidirectional input/output interface, and can be directly connected with the transmission line 14 to realize data signal transmission by combining with a software program.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the superordinate unit 10 may include: power supply interface V2, ground interface GND2 and second transmission interface I/O2And third transport interface I/O3. The power interface V2 is connected to the first power Vc, and the ground interface GND2 is connected to the ground line 16. Second transport interface I/O2Connected to the transmission line 14, a third transmission interface I/O3Is connected to the power supply control unit 11. Second transport interface I/O2For receiving data signals reported by one or more lower units from the transmission line 12. Third transport interface I/O3For providing a control signal to the power supply control unit 11 to cause the power supply control unit 11 to generate a power supply signal or transmit an instruction.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the upper unit 10 may be I/O through the second transmission interface2Receiving the data signal is achieved. Second transport interface I/O2The interface can be a universal bidirectional input and output interface, and can be directly connected with the transmission line 14 to realize data signal receiving by combining a software program.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the power supply control unit 11 may include: a second resistor Rb, a transistor T and a third resistor Rc. Wherein, the first end of the second resistor Rb is connected to the third transmission interface I/O of the upper unit 103And the second end of the second resistor Rb is connected with the base electrode of the triode T. A first end of the third resistor Rc is connected to the second power Vd, a second end of the third resistor Rc is connected to a collector of the transistor T, and an emitter of the transistor T is connected to the ground line 16. A second end of the third resistor Rc is connected to the transmission line 14.
In the present exemplary embodiment, when the upper bit unit 10 needs to send a transfer instruction to the lower bit unit (for example, the lower bit unit 121), it can be realized by transmitting a series of high and low level pulse signals on the transmission line 14. When low power is to be generated, as shown in fig. 6When the signal is flat pulse, the I/O can be performed at the third transmission interface3And outputting a high level signal lasting for a certain time period, so that the triode T is in a conducting state, grounding the second end of the third resistor Rc, and providing a low level pulse signal to the transmission line 14. When the third transmission interface is I/O3When a low level signal is outputted, the transistor T is in an off state, and the transmission line 14 can obtain a power supply voltage + Vcc, for example, 5V, from the second power supply Vd.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the first power Vc and the second power Vd may be direct-current voltages directly obtained from a direct-current stabilized power supply. In some examples, the voltages provided by the first power source Vc and the second power source Vd may be the same, such as from the output of the same regulated power supply. However, this embodiment is not limited to this. In some examples, the power supply voltages required for the upper and lower cells are different, and the voltages supplied by the first and second power supplies Vc and Vd may be different. In addition, the second resistor Rb and the third resistor Rc may be current limiting resistors, and the resistance values of the second resistor Rb and the third resistor Rc may be designed and selected according to parameters such as the base current magnitude and the current amplification factor of the transistor T.
The interface design of the upper unit and the lower unit provided in this exemplary embodiment can ensure that both the uplink signal and the downlink signal can be transmitted to the corresponding receiving end of the signal through the transmission line, and does not affect the power supply of the bus communication system.
The following describes the work flow of the bus communication system with the bit unit as the bus controller system and the lower unit as the smart sensor system, in combination with the bus communication system provided in the above embodiments. In the present exemplary embodiment, the bus controller system and the plurality of smart sensor systems are both microcomputer software and hardware systems. After the bus controller system is powered on, a power supply control unit is used for supplying power supply signals (the power supply signals are high-level signals with the voltage value of + VCC) to the transmission lines so that all the intelligent sensor systems connected to the transmission lines start to work. The bus controller system may then perform its own management tasks including, for example, monitoring data processing, data display, alarm and management of each smart sensor system. When the bus controller system does not operate the intelligent sensor system, the intelligent sensor system can carry out respective monitoring and data storage work according to a set program. When the bus controller system needs to master the monitoring data condition of each intelligent sensor system, the bus controller system sends a transmission instruction carrying identification information of the corresponding intelligent sensor system to the transmission line so as to appoint a certain intelligent sensor system to transmit the monitoring data back to the bus controller system. In this example, the identification information of the smart sensor system may be a number of the smart sensor system or a number of a smart sensor corresponding to the smart sensor system.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating operation of a bus communication system according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. In the present exemplary embodiment, the work flow of the bus communication system includes the following procedures.
And step 203, powering on and starting the intelligent sensor system.
In the exemplary embodiment, the bus controller system can automatically gate a proper dc voltage-stabilized power supply to switch on transmission after being powered on by the design of the power supply control unit and the software program, so as to ensure that the required stable dc voltage + VCC can be provided for the intelligent sensor system. The intelligent sensor systems connected with the bus controller system through the transmission lines can be powered on by using stable direct-current voltage provided by the transmission lines, and the sensors can be started to work according to the design of a software program.
In the exemplary embodiment, the bus controller system provides a power supply signal that satisfies the power consumption required for operation of all (up to 255) smart sensor systems. For example, the current magnitude of all the intelligent sensor systems in normal operation can be calculated, and a regulated power supply with a proper output current magnitude can be selected according to the principle of leaving 20% to 30% of margin. The circuit design of the bus communication system needs to ensure that the power transmission line can be qualified for transmitting power energy and the voltage value is stable and consistent when the power transmission line is used as a power line; when used as a signal line, the signal line should also ensure that the signal is transmitted correctly and can be connected to the appropriate circuit input to enable accurate reading (or identification) of the signal data.
And step 204, the intelligent sensor system periodically executes monitoring tasks.
In the present exemplary embodiment, each of the smart sensor systems connected on the transmission line is set to a mode of performing state monitoring on a periodic basis. For example, the monitoring of the environmental parameters is performed every 1 minute, the duration of the monitoring is assumed to be 20 milliseconds, and then after the monitoring period of 20 milliseconds is finished, the monitoring data is automatically stored, and then the intelligent sensor system automatically enters a standby state (the standby state is a micro-power consumption state) to wait for the next 1 minute time period. The intelligent sensor system performs an overrun check (i.e., determines whether the monitoring data is abnormal) on the monitoring data of each monitoring period. When the monitoring data is found to be out of limit, the intelligent sensor system actively gives an alarm and actively uploads a data signal carrying abnormal monitoring data to the bus controller system. After the next 1-minute time period comes, each intelligent sensor system automatically enters the monitoring state again, and enters the standby state again after the monitoring is finished. If the bus controller system does not operate the smart sensor system, the monitoring, standby, re-monitoring, and re-standby modes of the smart sensor system are continuously repeated periodically.
In the exemplary embodiment, each intelligent sensor system performs data overrun detection during data monitoring, and once data overrun is found, the intelligent sensor system actively alarms locally, for example, emits an alarm such as a sound and light. Meanwhile, the intelligent sensor system can actively upload alarm signals to the bus controller system, and the alarm signals comprise the serial number of the intelligent sensor system and the monitored abnormal data. After receiving the alarm signal, the bus controller system can display the alarm signal immediately and send out acousto-optic prompt and the like to remind the personnel in the control center to take corresponding measures.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the alarm processing of the smart sensor system may be performed in the form of a low-level pulse signal. For example, a low-level pulse signal with a width of 0.5 milliseconds is used to trigger an interrupt routine of the bus controller system for processing. After the bus controller system enters an interrupt program, the bus controller system firstly receives an alarm signal, the data format of the alarm signal is similar to the format protocol of RS232, and the transmitted data is the number of the sensor and the abnormal data. The number carried by the alarm signal is the self number of the alarm sensor, and can be represented by one byte (8 bits, and the maximum value is FF, namely 255). That is, after a low-level activation trigger signal of 0.5 msec, an 8-bit binary number of the sensor number is transmitted, and after the transmission of the 8-bit binary number is completed, specific abnormal data is transmitted. The starting and the transmission ending of the abnormal data uploading can be provided with 1-bit flag bits, and the abnormal data is continuously transmitted by taking bytes as units in a binary format.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the periodically and continuously repeated measurement, standby loop process of the smart sensor system is ended as soon as the bus controller system issues a transfer instruction to the smart sensor system. The transfer command issued by the bus controller system may include a reset wakeup signal and a roll call signal. Each smart sensor system is forced to reset due to the occurrence of a reset wake-up signal (e.g., a 10 millisecond duration low pulse) issued by the bus controller system, and each smart sensor system enters a preparatory phase for data upload. When the bus controller system needs to acquire the measurement data of a certain intelligent sensor, the bus controller system can perform roll calling operation on the intelligent sensor through a roll calling signal. The roll call signal may carry the number of the corresponding smart sensor. The named sensors (namely, the intelligent sensors corresponding to the numbers carried by the roll call signals) need to upload data signals, and the intelligent sensors without the named sensors (namely, the intelligent sensors except the intelligent sensors corresponding to the numbers carried by the roll call signals) execute work according to an original design program. A particular smart sensor system may be designated to upload data signals (or perform actions) by a roll call signal.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the roll call signal may be a high-low level square wave pulse signal having a duty ratio of 50% and a width of 1 msec. For example, when smart sensor No. 15 is required to upload monitoring data, the roll call signal may include a series of 15 square wave bursts.
Fig. 8 is an exemplary diagram of a pulse signal of a bus communication system according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 8, the left side of the dotted line shows the operation timing of the transmission command issued by the bus controller system. Wherein, 10ms is the awakening signal that resets, and the awakening signal that resets is high-low level square wave pulse signal afterwards for the serial number of the specific smart sensor of instruction.
And step 208, after receiving the transmission instruction, the intelligent sensor system identifies whether the intelligent sensor system is roll-called. When the self roll call is recognized, executing step 209; when the user is identified that the user is not roll-called, the method returns to the step 204.
And step 209, uploading the data signals by the intelligent sensor system.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the smart sensor system may count the number of pulses of the signature signal using a counting circuit. Since each smart sensor system has a unique and different number, different smart sensor systems can be distinguished by the number of the smart sensor system. When the number of counting pulses obtained by the smart sensor system using the counting circuit is the same as its own number (e.g., 15), the smart sensor system can confirm that it is roll-named, i.e., that it is a sensor designated to transmit monitoring data to the bus controller system. The other intelligent sensor systems can continue to execute the original task according to the set program without uploading monitoring data.
In this exemplary embodiment, the data signal reported by the smart sensor system may include the number of the smart sensor and the latest monitoring data. The data signal may be transmitted in the same manner as the alarm signal.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the smart sensor system may still take the form of a pulse signal when it sends a data signal to the bus controller system. For example, the width of one bit data may be set to 1 millisecond (ms), and positive logic is employed, in which a high level pulse signal represents data "1" and a low level pulse signal represents data "0". However, this embodiment is not limited to this.
In the present exemplary embodiment, 1-bit flag bits are set at the start of data upload and the end of data transfer, respectively (for example, in a data transfer format like RS 232), transmitted in bits (bits), and data is continuously transferred in "byte" units (8-bit data is transferred in a single byte width) in a binary format. The maximum information quantity can be transmitted in the shortest time by the transmission mode, and the method is convenient to realize. In some examples, a 1-bit high level flag bit "1" is transmitted before the first data "bit" is transmitted (indicating the start of the transmission), and a 1-bit low level flag bit "0" is transmitted after the eighth data bit is transmitted if the transmission is over (indicating the end of the transmission). If more than two bytes of data are transmitted at a time, the end mark 0 between each byte is marked by the start mark 1, and the end mark 0 is not marked until the transmission of the last byte is finished, which indicates the end of the whole data transmission process. As shown in fig. 8, the timing of the uploading of data signals by the smart sensor system is shown to the right of the dashed line. The timing shown in fig. 8 is such that the signal "01001011" is transmitted between the start flag signal "1" and the end flag signal "0".
In the present exemplary embodiment, the signal transmitted on the transmission line is bidirectional. The first is a signal for roll calling the intelligent sensor, which is sent to the intelligent sensor system connected to the transmission line by the bus controller system, and can be called as a downward transmission instruction; the second is a data signal sent by the intelligent sensor system to the bus controller system, which may be referred to as upward data transmission. Whether the signal is transmitted downward or upward, it may take the form of high and low level pulses.
In the exemplary embodiment, when the bus controller system transmits a transfer command downward, the maximum low-level pulse width is 10 milliseconds (reset wake-up signal), followed by charging with a high-level pulse (roll call signal). When the smart sensor system transmits a data signal upwards, the maximum consecutive low level pulse is no longer than 10ms anyway, since there will be a start flag signal "1" (i.e. a high level pulse) between the transmission of two consecutive bytes. Therefore, by combining with the hardware circuit design of the bus communication system, the stable power supply signal can be provided for the intelligent sensor system, and the influence of the low-level pulse signal on the power supply signal on the transmission line can be eliminated.
In the exemplary embodiment, when the bus controller system receives the data signal reported by the intelligent sensor system after sending the transmission instruction, the bus controller system may perform the display and management tasks. When the bus controller system receives the alarm signal reported by the intelligent sensor system, the bus controller system can execute the display and alarm tasks.
After step 211, the bus controller system may return to step 207, i.e., may issue a transfer command to the corresponding smart sensor system as needed.
Fig. 9 is an exemplary work flow diagram of a bus controller system of at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 9, the work flow of the bus controller system of the present embodiment includes the following processes.
And 301, powering on and starting the bus controller system.
And step 303, the bus controller system sends a transmission instruction to the intelligent sensor system at regular time.
And step 304, the bus controller system receives the data signal reported by the intelligent sensor system.
Fig. 10 is an exemplary workflow diagram of a smart sensor system of at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 10, the workflow of the smart sensor system of the present embodiment includes the following processes.
And step 403, judging whether the monitored data is abnormal or not by the intelligent sensor system. When the abnormality is detected, step 404 is executed; otherwise, the intelligent sensor system periodically performs the monitoring task.
The detailed description of the workflow shown in fig. 9 and 10 can refer to the description of the embodiment shown in fig. 7, and therefore, the detailed description thereof is omitted here.
Fig. 11 is a flowchart of a bus communication method according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The bus communication method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can be applied to the bus communication system described in the above embodiment. As shown in fig. 11, the bus communication method provided in this embodiment includes:
step S11, the upper unit supplies a power supply signal to the plurality of lower units through the transmission lines;
step S12, the upper unit sends a transmission instruction to one or more lower units through a transmission line, and receives data signals uploaded by the corresponding lower units through the transmission line; or the upper unit receives the data signals uploaded by one or more lower units through the transmission line.
In some examples, the data signal actively uploaded by the lower unit to the upper unit may be an alarm signal carrying abnormal data.
For the bus communication method provided in this embodiment, reference may be made to the description of the above embodiments, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a bus communication method according to at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The bus communication method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can be applied to the bus communication system described in the above embodiment. As shown in fig. 12, the bus communication method provided in this embodiment includes:
step S21, the lower unit receives a power supply signal through the transmission line;
step S22, after receiving the transmission instruction issued by the upper unit through the transmission line, the lower unit uploads a data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line; or the lower unit uploads the data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line.
In some exemplary embodiments, the reporting of the data signal to the upper bit unit by the lower bit unit through the transmission line may include: and reporting a data signal to the upper bit unit through a transmission line when the lower bit unit detects abnormal data, wherein the data signal comprises the identification information and the abnormal data of the lower bit unit.
In some exemplary embodiments, after receiving, by the lower unit, the transmission instruction issued by the upper unit through the transmission line, uploading the data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line, may include: and after receiving the transmission instruction through the transmission line, the lower unit identifies whether the identification information carried by the transmission instruction is consistent with the identification information of the lower unit, and if the identification information is consistent, the lower unit uploads a data signal carrying the identification information of the lower unit to the upper unit through the transmission line.
For the bus communication method provided in this embodiment, reference may be made to the description of the above embodiments, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
Furthermore, the present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the bus communication method provided in any of the above embodiments, for example, the bus communication method on the upper unit side or the bus communication method on the lower unit side.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the general principles and principal features of the present disclosure, as well as the advantages thereof. The present disclosure is not limited by the above-described embodiments, which are described in the specification and drawings only to illustrate the principles of the disclosure, but also to provide various changes and modifications within the scope of the claimed disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (12)
1. A bus communication system, comprising:
the device comprises an upper unit, a plurality of lower units, a transmission line and a ground wire; the upper unit and each lower unit are respectively connected with the transmission line and the ground wire;
the upper unit supplies a power supply signal to the plurality of lower units through the transmission line, and performs data communication with the plurality of lower units through the transmission line.
2. The bus communication system according to claim 1, further comprising: the voltage stabilizing units are in one-to-one correspondence with the lower units and are respectively connected with the corresponding lower units and the transmission lines;
the voltage stabilizing unit is used for providing power supply signals to the corresponding lower units when the upper unit is in data communication with the plurality of lower units through the transmission lines.
3. The bus communication system according to claim 2, wherein the voltage stabilization unit comprises: the diode, the first resistor and the capacitor; the anode of the diode is connected with the transmission line, the cathode of the diode is connected with the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the anode of the capacitor, and the cathode of the capacitor is connected with the ground wire;
the lower unit comprises a power interface and a grounding interface, the grounding interface is connected with a ground wire, and the power interface is connected with the first end or the second end of the first resistor.
4. The bus communication system according to claim 1, wherein the lower unit comprises: the counting circuit and the first transmission interface are respectively connected with the transmission line;
the counting circuit is used for receiving a transmission instruction issued by the upper unit from the transmission line;
the first transmission interface is used for transmitting data signals to the transmission line.
5. The bus communication system according to claim 1, further comprising: the power supply control unit is connected with the upper unit and the transmission line; the power supply control unit is used for providing power signals or transmitting instructions to the transmission line under the control of the upper unit.
6. The bus communication system according to claim 5, wherein the master unit comprises: the second transmission interface is connected with the transmission line, and the third transmission interface is connected with the power supply control unit;
the second transmission interface is used for receiving the data signals reported by the lower unit from the transmission line;
the third transmission interface is used for providing a control signal for the power supply control unit so as to enable the power supply control unit to generate a power supply signal or transmit an instruction.
7. A bus communication system according to any of claims 4 to 6, wherein the transmission command and data signals are pulsed signals and the duration of the low level in the pulsed signals is less than or equal to 10 milliseconds.
8. The bus communication system according to claim 1, further comprising: and the connecting resistor is connected between the transmission line and the ground wire.
9. A bus communication method applied to the bus communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 8; the bus communication method comprises the following steps:
the upper unit supplies power supply signals to the plurality of lower units through transmission lines;
the upper unit sends a transmission instruction to one or more lower units through the transmission line, and receives data signals uploaded by the corresponding lower units through the transmission line; or, the upper unit receives the data signals uploaded by one or more lower units through the transmission line.
10. A bus communication method applied to the bus communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 8; the bus communication method comprises the following steps:
the lower unit receives a power supply signal through a transmission line;
after receiving a transmission instruction issued by an upper unit through the transmission line, the lower unit uploads a data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line; or, the lower unit uploads a data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line.
11. The bus communication method according to claim 10, wherein the reporting of the data signal by the lower unit to the upper unit via the transmission line comprises:
when the lower unit detects abnormal data, reporting a data signal to the upper unit through the transmission line, wherein the data signal comprises the identification information of the lower unit and the abnormal data.
12. The bus communication method according to claim 10, wherein the uploading of the data signal to the upper unit via the transmission line after the lower unit receives the transmission instruction issued by the upper unit via the transmission line comprises:
and after receiving the transmission instruction through the transmission line, the lower unit identifies whether the identification information carried by the transmission instruction is consistent with the identification information of the lower unit, and when the identification information is consistent, the lower unit uploads a data signal carrying the identification information of the lower unit to the upper unit through the transmission line.
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