CN111580230A

CN111580230A - Flexible optical fiber, preparation method and drivable laser scalpel based on optical fiber

Info

Publication number: CN111580230A
Application number: CN202010460898.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶光明; 杨广中; 高安柱; 任志禾
Original assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2020-03-02
Filing date: 2020-05-27
Publication date: 2020-08-25
Also published as: WO2021175171A1

Abstract

A flexible optical fiber and a drivable laser scalpel based on the optical fiber comprise an optical fiber structure positioned on the inner side and a flexible enhancement layer wrapping the optical fiber structure, wherein the optical fiber structure has the functions of energy transmission and information transmission of a common optical fiber; the flexible reinforcing layer includes at least two layers, and an outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer has low rigidity. The flexible optical fiber can improve the bending capability of the optical fiber and enable the selectable range of the outermost layer material of the optical fiber to be wider under the condition that the function of the optical fiber is not influenced significantly through the design of the flexible reinforced layer. The drivable laser scalpel based on the optical fiber comprises a laser scalpel framework, the flexible optical fiber and a driving wire, wherein the flexible optical fiber and the driving wire are arranged in the framework, the flexible optical fiber has the energy transmission capacity, and the driving wire is used for controlling the movement of the framework. The drivable laser scalpel has the functions of transmitting high-power laser, sensing the form, controlling the posture based on visual servo and the like.

Description

Flexible optical fiber, preparation method and drivable laser scalpel based on optical fiber

Technical Field

The invention relates to an optical fiber, a preparation method thereof and the application field thereof, in particular to a flexible optical fiber, a preparation method thereof and a drivable laser scalpel based on the optical fiber.

Background

With the development of medical technology, higher requirements are put forward on the precision and flexibility of operation in the surgical process. For example, in the prior spine surgery with incision size of 10cm-20cm, the surgical incision can be reduced to 3cm-5cm based on the development of the concept of minimally invasive surgery. By reducing the wound, the injury of the patient can be reduced, the healing speed of the patient can be accelerated, and meanwhile, higher requirements are provided for the accuracy and the flexibility of the operation instrument.

The development of laser technology has made laser medicine increasingly hot in recent years. Compared with the traditional mechanical cutting scheme, the laser-based ablation scheme has the advantages of low infection risk, small wound and low pain, and is widely applied to the fields of dentistry, otorhinolaryngology and the like. However, the wavelengths of the ablative lasers commonly used in the medical science, such as Er: YAG laser (2.94 μm) used in dental surgery and CO2 laser (10.6 μm) used in otorhinolaryngological surgery, are all in the infrared band, the main transmission mode is to transmit by adopting a hollow light guide arm with silver plated inside, the hollow light guide arm can only be bent at the joint, the bending angle is limited to a certain degree, and the hollow light guide arm cannot enter the narrow and tortuous cavity channel in the body. Therefore, a scheme of transmitting laser by adopting an optical fiber is available, and the commonly used quartz optical fiber cannot be used due to the high loss of quartz in an infrared band, and the currently mainly used intermediate infrared energy transmission optical fiber has the problems of high material rigidity and insufficient flexibility, cannot realize effective bending in a narrow channel, and greatly limits the application of laser in surgical operations.

The chinese patent publication No. CN102976607B provides a chalcogenide glass optical fiber. The optical fiber guides infrared laser to transmit along the axial direction through a core cladding structure of inner chalcogenide glass. However, such optical fibers are difficult to bend and are easily broken due to the high rigidity of chalcogenide glass materials.

The chinese patent application publication No. CN1726414A provides a hollow-core energy-transfer optical fiber, in which infrared laser is bound in the optical fiber through a photonic band gap structure formed by periodic alternation of polymer and chalcogenide glass. However, in order to keep the photonic band gap structure of the inner confining light from being damaged by outer bending, the optical fiber needs to adopt a polymer material with stronger rigidity. Once the polymer material with stronger rigidity is adopted, the bending difficulty of the whole optical fiber is improved. At present, the polymer materials used for preparing the fiber are PEI and PES, the Young modulus of the two polymer materials is 13445MPa and 2689MPa respectively, and the Young modulus of PVDF with lower rigidity in the polymer materials is only 380 MPa.

The chinese patent application publication No. CN102360096A provides a double-layer coating scheme, which achieves the effect of reducing the bending radius of an optical fiber by coating a flexible material on the surface of the optical fiber. However, the coating scheme suffers from two problems: coating is a secondary process to draw the optical fiber, the thickness of the coating depends on the speed of the optical fiber through the coating cup and the viscosity of the coating material, and if the coating apparatus and the drawing apparatus are placed on a single production line, there is a limit to the overall drawing speed. 2, coating has high requirements on the viscosity of the coating substance, and the thickness of the coating layer is not highly controllable. Therefore, the flexible substance must be mixed into the optical fiber preform in the stage of preparing the optical fiber preform, so as to achieve the aim of preparing the optical fiber with high flexibility by one-time processing.

U.S. patent application publication No. US20140090506a1 provides a serpentine drive robot arm that enables flexible drive of the robot tip. Compared with the traditional rigid mechanical arm driving mode, the driving mode has the defects of repeatable positioning precision and high rated load. Thus, if it is desired to drive the laser scalpel in this manner, it is necessary to reduce the stiffness of the laser scalpel itself and to supplement the sensor with a reduction in repeatable positioning accuracy. The flexibility and the range of motion of the existing laser scalpel are difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision surgery.

Therefore, if more high-flexibility polymer materials can be introduced into the outer layer of the optical fiber from the structure, the bending difficulty of the optical fiber can be obviously reduced, the application range of the optical fiber is expanded, the current driving scheme of the laser scalpel can be suitable for the optical fiber, and a foundation is laid for further expansion of a laser operation mode.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a flexible optical fiber capable of selecting more available materials and simultaneously reducing the mechanical stiffness of the optical fiber, a method for preparing the same, and an application of the same in a drivable laser scalpel, wherein the drivable laser scalpel with the flexible optical fiber can simultaneously have multiple functions of tissue laser ablation, illumination or sensing, etc.

In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention mainly provide the following technical solutions:

a flexible optical fiber, characterized by: comprises that

A centrally located fiber structure having a high power laser transmission function;

a flexible reinforcing layer wrapping the optical fiber structure, the flexible reinforcing layer including at least two layers, and an outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer having a low rigidity;

the flexible reinforced layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure have similar rheological properties between adjacent layers.

As another embodiment of the present application, a flexible optical fiber is characterized in that: comprises that

At least two optical fiber structures located at the inner side, wherein one of the at least two optical fiber structures has a high-power laser transmission function;

a flexible reinforcement layer encasing the at least two fiber structures, the flexible reinforcement layer comprising at least two layers, and an outermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer having a low stiffness;

Preferably, the optical fiber structure is a step-index optical fiber structure, a graded-index optical fiber structure, or a micro-structured optical fiber structure.

Preferably, the young's modulus of the outermost material of the flexible reinforcing layer at normal temperature is lower than 1000Mpa, and the difference in viscosity between each adjacent two layers of the materials in each layer of the flexible reinforcing layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure at the fiber drawing temperature is within two orders of magnitude.

Preferably, all materials in the fiber have a viscosity of 10 at the fiber draw temperature²Poise-10⁷In the poise range, the fiber draw temperature is 60 ℃ to 600 ℃.

Preferably, the flexible reinforcing layer material is a polymer material or a modified polymer material.

Preferably, the modified polymer material is obtained by compounding an auxiliary material in a polymer material, wherein the auxiliary material includes any one of an elastic rubber body, an inorganic substance, carbonates, sulfones, etherimides, acrylates, or a fluorine-containing polymer.

The polymer material includes any one of carbonates, sulfones, etherimides, acrylates, or fluoropolymers, and the auxiliary material is different from the polymer material.

Preferably, in the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure and the flexible reinforcing layer, the young's modulus of each layer decreases from inside to outside in sequence.

Preferably, the optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap optical fiber structure, the optical fiber structure includes an air core located in the center and a cladding surrounding the air core, and the cladding is a structure in which a high refractive index material and a low refractive index material are alternately laminated in multiple layers in sequence.

Preferably, the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer is a layer and wraps the at least two optical fiber structures at the same time, and the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer wraps the at least two optical fiber structures respectively.

Preferably, when the flexible reinforcing layer further includes an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer individually wraps the at least two optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps a part of the at least two optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps all the optical fiber structures.

Preferably, a fiber morphology sensor is arranged in the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer, the fiber morphology sensor is used for sensing the bending state of the fiber, the softening temperature of the fiber morphology sensor material is above 600 ℃, and the fiber morphology sensor material cannot fail due to temperature change below 600 ℃.

A method of making a flexible optical fiber, comprising:

s1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure of the optical fiber structure;

s2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer at the outer side of the prefabricated rod structure to obtain an inner-layer prefabricated rod;

s3, preparing at least one hollow sleeve which is the other layer in the flexible enhancement layer, and nesting the hollow sleeve outside the inner-layer prefabricated rod to obtain a final optical fiber prefabricated rod; the outermost layer material in the at least one hollow sleeve has low rigidity, and adjacent layers in the outermost layer, the innermost layer in the flexible enhancement layer and the at least one hollow sleeve in the optical fiber structure have similar rheological properties;

s4, drawing the optical fiber prefabricated rod, wherein the drawing temperature of the optical fiber prefabricated rod is 60-600 ℃.

Preferably, if the optical fiber structure is a step-index optical fiber structure, step S1 specifically includes fabricating a preform structure with a core material on the inner side and a cladding material on the outer side;

if the inner fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, step S1 specifically includes

S11: preparing a double-layer film which is respectively a high refractive index material and a low refractive index material;

s12: the double-layered film is continuously wound around a round bar to form a helical clad structure in which a high refractive index material and a low refractive index material are alternately laminated, and it is necessary to remove the central round bar before drawing in step S4.

Preferably, in the step S2, the step S21: winding an innermost layer of material outside the preform structure to form an innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer; s22: and heating the preform structure wound with the best inner layer material to melt the layers, and cooling to obtain the inner layer preform.

Preferably, in the step S3, the step S31: selecting at least one material with similar rheological property and weaker rigidity as the innermost layer; s32: forming the at least one material into at least one hollow sleeve having a void; s33: at least one hollow sleeve is nested and fused together with the inner preform in sequence.

Preferably, the young ' S modulus of the outermost layer material of the optical fiber structure, the young ' S modulus of the innermost layer material selected in step S2, and the young ' S modulus of at least one material selected in step S3 decrease in this order from inside to outside.

Preferably, when the optical fiber structures are at least two, the preform structures prepared in the step S1 are also at least two correspondingly; the at least one hollow sleeve prepared in the step S3 includes preparing an outermost sleeve having a hollow hole therein, where the hollow hole of the outermost sleeve corresponds to the number of optical fiber structures;

and when the flexible enhancement layer is provided with at least one intermediate layer, the step of nesting the hollow sleeve outside the inner preform comprises the step of correspondingly arranging the sleeve corresponding to the intermediate layer in the flexible enhancement layer in the hollow hole of the sleeve at the outermost layer respectively.

Preferably, the method further comprises the step of making at least one single hole in the outermost sleeve for placing the fiber morphology sensor in the step of S3, wherein the fiber morphology sensor is placed in the step of S4, and does not generate structural change during drawing.

The utility model provides a can drive laser scalpel, includes along a plurality of disk-shaped bodies of axial interval setting to and the drive silk of connecting a plurality of disk-shaped bodies, be equipped with a plurality of holes on the disk-shaped body, its characterized in that: the flexible optical fiber sequentially penetrates through corresponding holes in the disc-shaped bodies, the driving wire is connected with the driving device and the control device and used for controlling the mutual movement among the plurality of disc-shaped bodies so that the plurality of disc-shaped bodies form a flexible body capable of bending and rotating, and a shell is further arranged on the outer side of the flexible body.

Preferably, the device further comprises a fiber state shape sensor, wherein the fiber state shape sensor sequentially penetrates through corresponding holes of the disc-shaped body, extends in the same direction with the flexible optical fiber and is used for sensing the bending state of the drivable laser scalpel;

the device also comprises an illuminating element and an imaging element, wherein the illuminating element has a function of illuminating the target area, and the imaging element has a function of acquiring an image of the target area.

Preferably, the fibre state morphology sensor comprises a fibre grating morphology sensor. By the technical scheme, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following advantages: the optical fiber is used for modifying the structure of the flexible enhancement layer, so that the optical fiber is easier to bend on the premise of ensuring the transmission of high-intensity laser, the bending difficulty of the whole fiber is reduced under the condition that the rigidity of the material of the inner side area is kept, the selection range of the material is expanded, and the application field of the optical fiber is expanded. Moreover, the laser scalpel can be driven based on the flexible optical fiber design, so that the remote control laser operation can be realized, and the range of the laser operation is widened.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible optical fiber according to example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a loss spectrum of a flexible optical fiber provided in example 2 of the present invention, where the abscissa is the wavelength of transmitted light and the ordinate is the loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible optical fiber provided in example 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible optical fiber provided in embodiment 8 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a drivable laser scalpel according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a drivable laser scalpel with a housing removed according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

The invention provides a flexible optical fiber, which comprises at least one optical fiber structure and a flexible reinforced layer, wherein the optical fiber structure is arranged on the inner side of the flexible optical fiber structure, and the flexible reinforced layer surrounds the optical fiber structure. The optical fiber, as shown in fig. 1, includes a centrally located optical fiber structure having a high power laser transmission function, a flexible reinforcing layer surrounding the optical fiber structure, the flexible reinforcing layer includes at least two layers, and the flexible reinforcing layer has similar rheological properties with adjacent layers in the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure for increasing the flexibility of the whole optical fiber.

The optical fiber structure comprises at least two optical fiber structures and a flexible reinforcing layer, wherein the at least two optical fiber structures are positioned at the inner side, one of the at least two optical fiber structures is used for transmitting high-power laser, the flexible reinforcing layer comprises at least two layers, the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer has low rigidity, and the adjacent layers of the flexible reinforcing layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structures have similar rheological properties. In this particular embodiment, the at least two optical fiber structures are respectively disposed in the flexible reinforcing layer, and the at least two optical fiber structures can provide different functions, such as one optical fiber structure for transmitting the operable laser light, another optical fiber structure for transmitting the visible light, and so on. So that the flexible optical fiber has a larger application range.

The optical fiber structure can be a step-index optical fiber structure, a graded-index optical fiber structure or a microstructure optical fiber structure, and the microstructure optical fiber structure comprises a photonic crystal optical fiber, a photonic band gap optical fiber and a core-suspended optical fiber.

Preferably, when the optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap fiber, the optical fiber structure comprises a centrally located air core and a cladding surrounding the air core. The central air core is the core of the fiber, and this region is defined by the cladding. The cladding is a reflective structure for light waves of a particular wavelength. The cladding structure is an alternating stack structure surrounding the core. The alternating stack structure includes at least two materials having different refractive indices, for example, the high refractive index material is preferably a chalcogenide glass material and the low refractive index material is preferably a polymer material. And the high refractive index material is located at the innermost side for limiting the range of the fiber core, specifically, two materials with different refractive indexes can be made into double-layer films, and the whole cladding is formed by spirally winding the fiber core by the double-layer films, so that the cladding can form a spiral alternate laminated structure as shown in fig. 1.

The number of times of alternation of the high and low refractive index materials in the cladding is 5-20 layers each, i.e. the two-layer film is wound by 5-20 layers, preferably 9-15 layers. The cladding material has wide selectable range, any polymer material with strong thermoplasticity, low infrared absorptivity and refractive index, such as the refractive index less than 1.6, and chalcogenide glass material with low softening temperature, low boiling point and high refractive index, such as the refractive index greater than 1.8 can be used for designing and constructing the photonic band gap structure to manufacture the inner cladding structure.

Preferably, the core has a radius of 5 λ -200 λ, λ representing the wavelength of the transmitted light. The thickness of the cladding is 0.2-5 times the diameter of the core.

The flexible reinforcing layer comprises at least two layers, the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer has low rigidity, and preferably, the Young modulus of the outermost layer material is lower than 1000MPa at normal temperature. And the flexible reinforced layer and the outermost layer in the optical fiber structure have similar rheological properties between the adjacent layers. The purpose of the design is to enable the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer to have low rigidity and simultaneously have similar rheological properties layer by layer, so that the flexible reinforcing layer and the prefabricated rod of the inner side optical fiber structure can be jointly drawn, and one-step drawing molding of the flexible optical fiber is realized.

And preferably, the difference in viscosity between each layer of the flexible reinforcing layer and each adjacent layer of the outermost layer of the fiber structure at the fiber drawing temperature is within two orders of magnitude.

The viscosity of all materials in the flexible optical fiber at the optical fiber drawing temperature is 10²Poise-10⁷In the poise range, the fiber draw temperature is 60 ℃ to 600 ℃.

The total diameter of the flexible optical fiber is not more than 5mm, and the area occupied by the outermost layer in the flexible reinforced layer in the cross section of the flexible optical fiber is more than or equal to 50% of the total area of the cross section of the optical fiber.

Preferably, the material of the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer on the side close to the cladding of the optical fiber structure is a polymer material, and the viscosity of the polymer material at the working temperature, namely the fiber drawing temperature, is 10 in order to realize the co-drawing of the optical fiber²Poise-10⁷In the poise range, the fiber draw temperature is 60 ℃ to 600 ℃.

The innermost and outermost layers of the flexibility-enhancing layer, or the entire flexibility-enhancing layer, may be a polymeric material or a modified polymeric material. The polymer material includes any one of carbonates (e.g., PC), sulfones (e.g., PES), etherimides (e.g., PEI), and acrylates (e.g., PMMA), or fluoropolymers.

When the flexible reinforcing layer is a modified polymer, it can be obtained by compounding an auxiliary material in the polymer material, for example, by blending another polymer material in the polymer material, or by filling an inorganic material in the polymer material. The auxiliary material may include any one of an elastic rubber body, an inorganic substance, carbonates (e.g., PC), sulfones (e.g., PES), etherimides (e.g., PEI), and acrylates (e.g., PMMA), or a fluorine-containing polymer, as long as the polymer material and the auxiliary material are different.

Wherein the inorganic substance may comprise CaCO₃，SiO₂Or wollastonite; the elastic rubber body comprises silica gel or rubber.

Preferably, the outermost layer may be a modified polymer material of the innermost layer polymer material, such as a composite of another polymer, inorganic or elastomer, as long as the elastomer or polymer has a viscosity of 10 at the operating temperature of the fiber draw²Poise-10⁷Poise, for example, fluoride or silica gel, etc.

Preferably, in the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure and the flexible reinforcing layer, the mode modulus of each layer decreases from inside to outside. To satisfy this condition, the selection of the material of the flexible reinforcing layer may include various ways, and most directly, the selection may be directly made according to the magnitude of the young's modulus, and the materials of the layers in the flexible reinforcing layer are polymer materials or modified polymer materials.

Preferably, the selection of the material of the other layers of the flexible reinforcing layer can be obtained in a composite mode. One of the options is to select a polymer material with a young's modulus smaller than that of the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure as the innermost layer material, and then compound an auxiliary material on the basis of the innermost layer polymer material to obtain the material of the other layer, for example, blending the polymer material of the innermost layer, or filling inorganic substances. In this embodiment, in the other layers of the flexible reinforcing layer, the proportion of the composite auxiliary material gradually increases from inside to outside, for example, the innermost layer polymer material is a, blending of the polymer material B is performed in the innermost layer polymer material a, that is, B is the auxiliary material, when the flexible reinforcing layer has three or more layers, at least one intermediate layer is further included in addition to the innermost layer and the outermost layer, the material of the intermediate layer is 60% a + 40% B, and the material of the outermost layer is 40% a + 60% B; or the middle layer is two layers, the materials from inside to outside are respectively 60% A + 40% B and 40% A + 60% B, and the material of the outermost layer is 20% A + 80% B. In this way, the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure may be any material, and the innermost layer of the optical fiber structure may be selected as long as the young's modulus is smaller than that of the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure, and then the polymer material is compounded to obtain the modified polymer related to the polymer material as the other layer of the flexible reinforcing layer.

Of course, there is an extreme case in this manner, that is, for example, the innermost layer is a polymer material, the intermediate layer is 60% a + 40% B, 40% a + 60% B, and the outermost layer is B, that is, when the auxiliary material is compounded in the innermost layer, the compounding ratio can reach 100%.

Alternatively, when the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure is made of a polymer material, an auxiliary material is compounded as each layer of the flexible reinforcing layer directly on the basis of the polymer material, and the compounding ratio of the auxiliary material gradually increases from the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer, but it is understood by those skilled in the art that the compounding ratio of the auxiliary material may be 100%,

of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above two methods are only preferred, and the material of the flexible reinforcing layer may be selected by other methods as long as the rheological property and the young's modulus are satisfied.

When the number of the optical fiber structures is at least two, the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer is a layer and wraps the at least two optical fiber structures at the same time, and the innermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer wraps the at least two optical fiber structures at the same time or wraps the at least two optical fiber structures respectively. Preferably, the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer respectively wraps the at least two optical fiber structures, so that the two optical fiber structures are respectively provided with the innermost layer at the outer side. And when the optical fiber structure is a polymer material optical fiber, the innermost layer can be directly omitted, i.e. the cladding of the polymer material optical fiber can be used as the innermost layer.

When the flexible enhancement layer further comprises an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer independently wraps the at least one optical fiber structure, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps part of the optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps all the optical fiber structures. When the flexible reinforcing layer includes an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer may be provided outside at least one optical fiber of the at least two optical fiber structures, for example, when the number of the optical fiber structures is two, the innermost layer and the intermediate layer of the flexible reinforcing layer are wrapped outside one optical fiber structure, only the innermost layer is wrapped outside the other optical fiber structure, and then both the two optical fiber structures are wrapped by the outermost layer, that is, the innermost layer and the intermediate layer of the corresponding flexible reinforcing layer are wrapped outside the optical fiber structures respectively, and are wrapped by the outermost layer at the same time. Of course, those skilled in the art will also understand that the innermost layer and the intermediate layer may also be wrapped with at least two optical fiber structures, that is, the innermost layer and the intermediate layer have only one layer, respectively, so that although the effects of the present invention can also be achieved, such an arrangement will result in a reduction in the thickness of the outermost layer, and compared with the individual optical fiber structures corresponding to the innermost layer and the other layers, the optical fiber structures are directly placed in the holes of the outermost layer, which is not favorable for increasing the overall flexibility of the optical fiber.

The outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer may also be provided with a fiber morphology sensor for detecting a bending state of the optical fiber. The fiber state form sensor is arranged in a corresponding hollow hole in the outermost layer and comprises sensing fibers, and sensing units distributed at intervals along the length direction are arranged on the sensing fibers.

Specifically, the fiber morphology sensor may be a quartz fiber grating sensor, that is, the sensing fiber may be a quartz material, and the sensing unit thereon may be a fiber grating. The quartz fiber grating sensor comprises at least three independent sensing fibers which are arranged in parallel, a sensing unit on each sensing fiber is positioned on the same cross section which is vertical to the axial direction, and the fiber gratings can be arranged in groups of at least three in the length direction of the sensing fibers at intervals. At least three independent sensing fibers of the quartz fiber grating sensor can be wrapped into a whole by an outer layer structure to form an integrated structure, and then the integrated structure is arranged in a hollow hole in the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer. Or at least three independent sensing fibers of the quartz fiber grating sensor are respectively arranged in corresponding holes on the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer.

Because the melting point of the quartz material is higher than that of the polymer, the sensing fiber of the quartz material can be only arranged in the corresponding hollow hole of the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer and is placed in the hollow hole before the optical fiber preform is drawn and fixedly wrapped in the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer through the thermal drawing of the optical fiber preform.

Since the transmission characteristic of the silica fiber grating changes with the change in the form thereof, the degree of bending of the sensing fiber at that point can be determined by measuring the change in the transmission characteristic of the silica fiber grating. The plurality of sensing fibers are arranged at different positions in the flexible optical fiber, and the plurality of fiber gratings are arranged at different positions of the sensing fibers, so that morphological signals at different positions can be acquired, and the overall morphology of the fiber morphology sensor can be restored through computer modeling restoration. Therefore, as long as the fiber state sensor is positioned in the flexible optical fiber and extends in the same direction, the obtained state is consistent with the state of the flexible optical fiber, and the state sensing can be carried out on the flexible optical fiber.

Specifically, the quartz fiber grating sensor may be an FBG sensor.

In addition, those skilled in the art can also understand that a fiber state form sensor may not be separately provided, but a sensing structure having a form sensing function may be formed on an optical fiber structure of a drawn flexible optical fiber by means of post-etching treatment and the like to sense a bent state of the flexible optical fiber; the sensing structure can be a fiber grating structure.

The preparation method of the flexible optical fiber comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure of the optical fiber structure;

If the optical fiber structure is a step-index optical fiber structure, step S1 specifically includes fabricating a preform structure with a core material on the inside and a cladding material on the outside; the method for preparing the preform structure may be a double crucible method, a fusion casting method, a tube rod method, a thermal stretching method, a photolithography method, a drilling method, a film winding method, or an extrusion method.

If the inner fiber structure is a photonic bandgap structure fiber, step S1 specifically includes

S11: preparing double-layer films of a high refractive index material and a low refractive index material respectively, specifically, intercepting a polymer film with a certain size, and evaporating a layer of glass material on the polymer film to form a glass material-polymer double-layer film; the thickness of the glass material-polymer film is 5-100 μm, and the ratio of the thickness of the glass material to the total thickness of the double-layer film is 0.15-0.7 and not more than 50 μm.

Preferably, the vacuum degree is kept at 1 × 10 during the evaporation process^-3Pa or less. Preferably, the diameter of the round bar is 5mm to 50 mm.

S12: and continuously winding the double-layer film along the round rod to form a cladding structure which is concentrically arranged and is stacked, and further obtaining a preform structure with an air fiber core on the inner side and a cladding on the outer side. Since the method uses the film winding method, the central round rod needs to be removed before drawing in step S4, and the thickness of the cladding structure is 0.1mm-3mm, which can be adjusted according to the drawing ratio of the optical fiber.

Wherein the step S2 specifically includes, S21: winding an innermost layer of material outside the preform structure to form an innermost layer of the clad; s22: and heating the preform structure wound with the best inner layer material to melt the layers, and cooling to obtain the inner layer preform.

Wherein the step S3 specifically includes, S31: selecting at least one material with similar rheological property and weaker rigidity as the innermost layer; s32: drilling or fusion casting the at least one material to obtain at least one hollow casing with a hollow hole in the center; s33: at least one hollow sleeve is nested and fused together with the inner preform in sequence.

Preferably, the other layers of the flexible reinforcing layer are all made of polymer materials, so in this step, if the flexible reinforcing layer only comprises the innermost layer and the outermost layer, only one polymer material needs to be selected as the outermost layer to be manufactured, if the flexible reinforcing layer comprises at least three layers, at least two polymer materials need to be selected to manufacture at least two hollow sleeves, and in step S33, at least two hollow sleeves are nested in sequence to form the final flexible reinforcing layer structure.

In order to meet the above conditions, when the flexible reinforcing layer material is selected, two preferable modes can be adopted, wherein one mode is that the innermost layer material is selected firstly, the innermost layer material is a polymer material, and then the materials of other layers are obtained by compounding an auxiliary material, wherein the proportion of the auxiliary material is gradually increased from inside to outside, and the maximum proportion can reach 100%. In the mode, as long as the Young modulus of the innermost layer material is smaller than that of the outermost layer of the optical fiber material, the flexible reinforced layer multilayer structure with the Young modulus gradually reduced is obtained by increasing the proportion of the composite auxiliary material.

The second is that when the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure is made of a polymer material, other auxiliary materials can be directly compounded on the basis of the polymer material to obtain each layer of material of the flexible reinforcing layer, wherein the material comprises an innermost layer, an intermediate layer and an outermost layer, and the proportion of the compounded auxiliary materials is gradually increased from inside to outside so as to realize the effect that the Young modulus is gradually reduced from the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure from inside to outside. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the material of the flexible reinforcing layer may be selected in other ways, not limited to the preferred ways described above, as long as the requirement of decreasing the young's modulus from inside to outside is met.

Preferably, for the photonic band gap structure optical fiber, the effect of adjusting the band gap structure can be achieved by adjusting the drawing ratio, namely the ratio of the diameter of the preformed rod to the diameter of the optical fiber, in the drawing process, and the purpose of adjusting the transmission band within the infrared band range is realized.

When the optical fiber structures are at least two, the preform structures prepared in the step S1 are also at least two correspondingly; the at least one hollow sleeve prepared in the step S3 includes preparing an outermost sleeve having a hollow hole therein, where the hollow hole of the outermost sleeve corresponds to the number of optical fiber structures; and when the flexible enhancement layer is provided with at least one intermediate layer, the step of nesting the hollow sleeve outside the inner preform comprises the step of correspondingly arranging the sleeve corresponding to the intermediate layer in the flexible enhancement layer in the hollow hole of the sleeve at the outermost layer respectively. The optical fiber structure prepared by the structure has the advantages that the outer side is respectively wrapped by the innermost layer and the middle layer which correspond to each other, the middle layer can be omitted, the innermost layer can be replaced by the outermost layer of the polymer optical fiber, and at least two optical fiber structures are simultaneously wrapped by the outermost layer, so that the flexibility of the whole optical fiber is enhanced, and the optical fiber can be jointly pulled and formed in one step.

When the fiber morphology sensor needs to be disposed in the flexible optical fiber, in step S3, at least one separate hole needs to be made in the outermost sleeve for placing the fiber morphology sensor, which is placed in step S4. In order to avoid variations in the function of the fibrous morphology sensor, the softening temperature of the material constituting the morphology sensor should be above 600 ℃, and temperature variations below 600 ℃ should not significantly affect its function.

The manufacturing steps can be divided into a plurality of cases, for example, when the fiber morphology sensor is a silica fiber grating sensor, at step S3, at least three separate holes are made in the outermost sleeve, and at least three sensing fibers of the silica fiber grating sensor are respectively placed in the three separate holes, and the three separate holes are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outermost sleeve, as shown in fig. 3; and at step S4, at least three sensing fibers are respectively placed into the corresponding holes of the optical fiber preform when the optical fiber preform is drawn.

Or in step S3, at least one hollow sleeve is manufactured, which includes a sensor sleeve for wrapping the quartz fiber grating sensor, and at least three holes are drilled in the sensor sleeve, the sensor sleeve is nested and fused together with the other sleeves prepared in step S3, and at least three sensing fibers are placed in the corresponding holes of the optical fiber preform when the optical fiber preform is drawn in step S4. The sensor sleeve is the outer layer structure of the quartz fiber grating sensor and can be made of thermoplastic polymer materials. The utility model provides a can drive laser scalpel, includes the skeleton, and this skeleton includes along a plurality of dish bodies that axial interval set up to and the drive silk of connecting a plurality of dish bodies, be equipped with a plurality of holes on the dish body, foretell flexible optic fibre passes in proper order corresponding hole setting on the dish body, drive arrangement and controlling means are connected to the drive silk for mutual position motion between a plurality of dish bodies is controlled, so that these a plurality of dish bodies form can crooked pivoted flexible body, the outside of flexible body still is equipped with the shell. The driving wire drives the disc-shaped body to move, so that the laser scalpel is a strip-shaped flexible body capable of bending and rotating, and the drivable laser scalpel can have laser ablation and visible light illumination at the same time or can have a form sensing function through the arrangement of the flexible optical fiber.

The drivable laser scalpel can further comprise a fiber state form sensor, and the fiber state form sensor sequentially penetrates through corresponding holes of the disc-shaped body and extends in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber to sense the bending degree of the drivable laser scalpel. The fibre morphology sensor herein differs from fibre morphology sensors located within flexible optical fibres in that the effect of the operating temperature on the sensor is not a concern. The fiber state form sensor can be arranged on the outer side of the flexible optical fiber and used for sensing the form of the laser scalpel, and the structure and principle of the fiber state form sensor can refer to a quartz fiber grating sensor positioned on the inner side of the flexible optical fiber.

The drivable laser scalpel further comprises an illuminating element and an imaging element. The illumination element provides illumination to a target group of regions of a procedure, and the imaging element is capable of imaging the target region of the procedure. The illumination element can be realized by embedding an LED of a first laser scalpel in the illumination element, and can also be realized by sequentially penetrating illumination optical fibers through corresponding holes of the disc-shaped body and embedding the illumination optical fibers in the drivable laser scalpel in a manner of extending in the same direction as the flexible optical fibers. The imaging element can be a CCD camera or a CMOS camera which is embedded at one end of the drivable laser scalpel, or can also comprise an optical fiber imaging bundle, the optical fiber imaging bundle sequentially passes through corresponding holes of the disk-shaped body and is embedded in the laser scalpel in a mode of extending in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber.

Preferably, the illumination optical fiber and the optical fiber imaging bundle can be integrated into one optical fiber in a mode of optical fiber co-pulling, that is, integrated into one optical fiber, and then placed inside the laser scalpel.

Or the illumination optical fiber and the optical fiber imaging bundle can be used as one optical fiber structure in the flexible optical fiber, so that the common pulling is realized in the preparation process of the flexible optical fiber, and the flexible optical fiber has the illumination and imaging functions at the same time.

Example 1

In the optical fiber of this embodiment, the central fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure fiber, i.e., it includes a centrally located air core having a diameter of 500 μm. The outside of the air core is provided with a cladding which comprises a first cladding and a second cladding which are periodically and alternately arranged in a laminated manner, and the first cladding is As₂Se₃Glass, i.e. high refractive indexMaterial, the second cladding being PPSU, i.e. a low refractive index material. The first clad layer was located innermost, and the first clad layer and the second clad layer were alternately stacked, providing 12 layers each. The thicknesses of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer were 1.2 μm and 2.4 μm, respectively.

The flexible reinforced layer comprises an innermost layer which is formed by a plurality of layers of PPSU films. The thickness of the innermost layer is 1-20 times, preferably 3-5 times, the thickness of the cladding layer in the optical fiber structure. The outer side of the PPSU thin film layer is provided with an outermost layer which is made of a modified polymer material, and the modified polymer material is prepared by mixing PPSU and fluoride according to a mass ratio of 6: 4.

The manufacturing method of the optical fiber comprises the following steps:

and S1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure with an air fiber core in the middle and a cladding layer on the outer layer. The step S1 specifically includes S11: preparation of PPSU and As₂Se₃The double-layer film is prepared by evaporating 20 μm As on 40 μm thick PPSU film by vacuum heating evaporation₂Se₃And (3) glass. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept As vacuum As possible during evaporation, and the materials such As film and crucible contacted by the material should be dried sufficiently to remove moisture and prevent As₂Se₃The glass reacts with water and oxygen at high temperature. S12: the evaporated double-layer film was continuously wound around a round bar to form a spiral wound structure as shown in fig. 1, and the number of wound layers was 12. And then obtaining a prefabricated rod structure with an inner layer of air fiber core and a cladding layer on the outer side.

S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer at the outer side of the cladding to obtain an inner layer prefabricated rod; the step specifically includes, S21: directly winding a PPSU film outside the preform structure obtained in the above S1, wherein the thickness of the PPSU film layer is 1 mm; s22: and fixing the inner layer preform by using a raw adhesive tape after winding, then putting the inner layer preform into a tubular furnace for thermosetting, and taking out the inner layer preform to obtain the inner layer preform.

S3, preparing a hollow sleeve which is the other layer except the innermost layer in the flexible enhancement layer, and sleeving the hollow sleeve outside the inner-layer prefabricated rod to obtain the hollow optical fiber prefabricated rod.

The hollow cannula in this embodiment comprises only the outermost layer 31 of the flexible reinforcing layer, which is a modified polymer material modified by PPSU. Specifically, PPSU particles and fluoride particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 6:4, and then the mixture is sufficiently dissolved with a chemical agent. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain a mixture of PPSU and fluoride particles. This mixture is hot-pressed into a solid rod structure having a diameter of 1.5 to 3 times, preferably 2 times, the diameter of the round rod used for winding in step S1 with a hot press. And drilling a hollow hole with the same size as the inner-layer prefabricated rod in the center of the solid rod by using a drilling machine to obtain the hollow sleeve of the outermost layer 31.

The hollow sleeve and the inner-layer prefabricated rod are sleeved together, the inner-layer prefabricated rod and the outer-layer prefabricated rod are fused together by heating, and the round rod wound in the inner-layer prefabricated rod is taken out again, so that the optical fiber prefabricated rod can be obtained.

S4, drawing the optical fiber prefabricated rod. And drawing the obtained optical fiber perform by using a drawing tower, and controlling the actual scaling of the optical fiber perform and the obtained fiber by controlling the drawing proportion so as to finally control the transmission waveband of the obtained optical fiber. The drawing temperature was 420 ℃.

Example 2:

in the optical fiber of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the central optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure optical fiber, and the center is an air core 1, and the diameter of the air core 1 is 500 μm. The outer layer of the air core 1 is a cladding comprising a first cladding 21 and a second cladding 22, the first cladding 21 being As₂Se₃Glass, the second cladding layer 22 is PPSU. The first clad layer 21 is positioned innermost, and the first clad layers 21 and the second clad layers 22 are alternately stacked, providing 15 layers each. The thicknesses of the first clad layer 21 and the second clad layer 22 were 0.75 μm and 1.75 μm, respectively.

The flexible reinforcing layer includes an innermost layer 32 which is a multilayer PPSU film. The thickness of the innermost layer 32 is 25 micrometers, the middle layer 33 and the outermost layer 31 are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the PPSU thin film layer, the middle layer 33 and the outermost layer 31 are both made of modified polymer materials, the middle layer 33 is made of PPSU and fluoride mixed in a weight ratio of 6:4, the outermost layer is made of PPSU and fluoride mixed in a weight ratio of 4:6, the thickness of the middle layer is 25 micrometers, and the thickness of the outermost layer 31 is 100 micrometers.

The method for preparing the optical fiber of this embodiment specifically includes the steps of

And S1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure with an air fiber core in the middle and a cladding layer on the outer layer. The step S1 specifically includes S11: preparation of PPSU and As₂Se₃The double-layer film is characterized in that 15 mu m of As is evaporated on a PPSU film with the thickness of 35 mu m by a vacuum heating evaporation method₂Se₃Glass; preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept As vacuum As possible during evaporation, and the materials such As film and crucible contacted by the material should be dried sufficiently to remove moisture and prevent As₂Se₃Reacting the glass with water and oxygen at high temperature; s12: and winding the evaporated double-layer film around a round bar, wherein the number of the winding layers is 15. And then obtaining the optical fiber prefabricated rod structure with the inner layer as the air fiber core and the outer side as the cladding.

S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer at the outer side of the cladding to obtain an inner layer prefabricated rod; the step specifically includes, S21: directly winding the PPSU film outside the preform structure obtained in the above S1, the winding thickness being 0.5 mm; s22: and fixing the inner layer preform by using a raw adhesive tape after winding, then putting the inner layer preform into a tubular furnace for thermosetting, and taking out the inner layer preform to obtain the inner layer preform.

S3, preparing two hollow sleeves, namely other layers in the flexible enhancement layer, and sequentially sleeving the hollow sleeves outside the inner-layer prefabricated rod to obtain the hollow optical fiber prefabricated rod. The other layers in the flexible reinforcement layer in this embodiment, including the intermediate layer and the outermost layer, therefore, require the fabrication of two hollow sleeves. The PPSU particles and the fluoride particles are mixed according to the weight ratio of 6:4 and 4:6 respectively to obtain two particle mixtures with different ratios, and then the two particle mixtures are fully dissolved by chemical reagents respectively. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain two mixtures of PPSU and fluoride particles in different proportions. And respectively hot-pressing the two mixtures into a solid rod by using a hot press, wherein the section of the solid rod pressed by the mixture with the ratio of 4:6 can completely cover the section of the solid rod pressed by the mixture with the ratio of 6:4, drilling a hollow hole with the shape and the size completely identical to those of the inner-layer prefabricated rod on the cross section of the solid rod made of the material with the ratio of 6:4 by using a drilling machine to obtain a first-layer hollow sleeve, and drilling a hollow hole with the outer diameter matched with that of the first-layer hollow sleeve on the cross section of the solid rod with the ratio of 4:6 by using the drilling machine to obtain a second-layer hollow sleeve. The two layers of hollow sleeves are sequentially sleeved with the inner-layer prefabricated rod, the inner-layer prefabricated rod and the two layers of hollow sleeves are fused together by heating, and the round rod in the inner-layer prefabricated rod is taken out again, so that the optical fiber prefabricated rod can be obtained.

As shown in fig. 2, the loss spectrum of the flexible optical fiber is plotted with the abscissa representing the wavelength of transmitted light and the ordinate representing the loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength.

Example 3:

in the optical fiber of this embodiment, the central fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, and the center is an air core having a diameter of 500 μm. The outer layer of the air core is a cladding comprising a first, high index material layer and a second, low index material layer, the first cladding being As₂Se₃Glass, the second cladding being PEI. The first clad layer was located innermost, and the first clad layer and the second clad layer were alternately stacked, providing 12 layers each. The thicknesses of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer were 1 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively.

The flexible reinforcing layer comprises an innermost layer which is a multilayer PEI film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 25 micrometers, the outer side of the PEI film is provided with an outermost layer, the outermost layer is made of modified polymer materials and is formed by mixing PEI and fluoride according to the weight ratio of 6:4, and the thickness of the outermost layer is 100 micrometers.

The manufacturing method of the optical fiber comprises the following steps:

and S1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure with an air fiber core in the middle and a cladding layer on the outer layer. The step S1 specifically includes S11: preparation of PEI and As₂Se₃The double-layer film is prepared by evaporating 20 μm As on 30 μm PEI film by vacuum heating evaporation₂Se₃And (3) glass. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept As vacuum As possible during evaporation, and the materials such As film and crucible contacted by the material should be dried sufficiently to remove moisture and prevent As₂Se₃The glass reacts with water and oxygen at high temperature. S12: and winding the evaporated double-layer film along a round bar, wherein the number of the winding layers is 18. And then obtaining a prefabricated rod structure with an inner layer of air fiber core and a cladding layer on the outer side.

S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer at the outer side of the cladding to obtain an inner layer prefabricated rod; the step specifically includes, S21: winding a PEI film having a thickness of 0.5mm directly outside the preform structure obtained in the above S1; s22: and fixing the inner layer preform by using a raw adhesive tape after winding, then putting the inner layer preform into a tubular furnace for thermosetting, and taking out the inner layer preform to obtain the inner layer preform.

S3, preparing a hollow sleeve which is the outmost layer, and sleeving the hollow sleeve outside the inner-layer prefabricated rod to obtain the hollow optical fiber prefabricated rod.

Specifically, fully crushing PEI particles and fluoride particles, wherein the weight ratio of PEI: fluoride (6: 4) was mixed and then thoroughly mixed with a blender. And (3) hot-pressing the mixture into a solid rod by a hot press, and drilling a hollow hole in the center of the solid rod, wherein the hollow hole has the same size as the inner-layer prefabricated rod by using a drilling machine to obtain the hollow sleeve. The hollow sleeve and the inner-layer prefabricated rod are sleeved together, the inner-layer prefabricated rod and the hollow tube are fused together by heating, and the round rod in the inner-layer prefabricated rod is taken out, so that the optical fiber prefabricated rod can be obtained.

Example 4:

in the optical fiber of this embodiment, the central fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, and the central core is an air core having a diameter of 500 μm. The outer layer of the air core is a cladding layer which comprises a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer, wherein the first cladding layer is As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀Glass, the second cladding being PES. The first clad layer was located innermost, and the first clad layer and the second clad layer were alternately stacked, providing 12 layers each. The thicknesses of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer were 0.6 μm and 1.4 μm, respectively.

The flexible reinforcing layer comprises an innermost layer which is a multilayer PES film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 40 micrometers, the outer side of the PEI film is provided with an outermost layer, the outermost layer is made of a modified polymer material and is prepared by mixing PES and silica gel particles in a mass ratio of 8:2, and the thickness of the outermost layer is 120 micrometers.

The manufacturing method of the optical fiber comprises the following steps:

and S1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure with an air fiber core in the middle and a cladding layer on the outer layer. The step S1 specifically includes S11: preparation of PES and As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀Double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 15 μm of As on PES film with thickness of 35 μm by vacuum heating evaporation method₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀And (3) glass. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept As vacuum As possible during evaporation, and the materials such As film and crucible contacted by the material should be dried sufficiently to remove moisture and prevent As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀The glass reacts with water and oxygen at high temperature. S12: and winding the evaporated double-layer film along a round bar. And then obtaining a prefabricated rod structure with an inner layer of air fiber core and a cladding layer on the outer side.

S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer at the outer side of the cladding to obtain an inner layer prefabricated rod; the step specifically includes, S21: winding a PES film having a thickness of 1mm in a wound layer directly outside the preform structure obtained in the above-mentioned S1; s22: and fixing the inner layer preform by using a raw adhesive tape after winding, then putting the inner layer preform into a tubular furnace for thermosetting, and taking out the inner layer preform to obtain the inner layer preform.

S3, preparing a hollow sleeve which is the outmost layer, and sleeving the hollow sleeve outside the inner-layer prefabricated rod to obtain a hollow optical fiber prefabricated rod.

Specifically, fully crushing PEI particles and silica gel particles, wherein the weight ratio of PEI: silica gel 8:2 and then thoroughly mixed with a blender. And (3) hot-pressing the mixture into a solid rod shape by a hot press, and drilling a hollow hole in the center of the solid rod, wherein the hollow hole has the same size as the inner-layer prefabricated rod by using a drilling machine to obtain the hollow sleeve. The hollow sleeve and the inner-layer prefabricated rod are sleeved together, the inner-layer prefabricated rod and the hollow sleeve are fused together by heating, and the round rod in the inner-layer prefabricated rod is taken out, so that the optical fiber prefabricated rod can be obtained.

S4, drawing the optical fiber prefabricated rod. And drawing the obtained optical fiber perform by using a drawing tower, and controlling the actual scaling of the optical fiber perform and the obtained fiber by controlling the drawing proportion so as to finally control the transmission waveband of the obtained optical fiber. The drawing temperature was 510 ℃.

Example 5:

in the optical fiber of this embodiment, the central fiber structure is a photonic band gap structure, and the diameter of the air core is 650 μm. The outer layer of the air core is a cladding layer which comprises a first cladding layer and a second cladding layer, wherein the first cladding layer is As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀Glass, the second cladding being PES. The first clad layer was located innermost, and the first clad layer and the second clad layer were alternately stacked, providing 9 layers each. The thicknesses of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer were 0.33 μm and 0.66 μm, respectively.

The flexible reinforcing layer comprises an innermost layer which is a multilayer PES film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 25 mu m, the outer side of the PEI film is provided with an outermost layer, the outermost layer is PPSU, and the thickness of the outermost layer is 75 mu m.

The manufacturing method of the optical fiber comprises the following steps:

and S1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure with an air fiber core in the middle and a cladding layer on the outer layer. The step S1 specifically includes S11: preparation of PES and As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀Double-layer film, specifically PES film with thickness of 30 μm evaporated by vacuum heating evaporation methodAs plated at 15 μm₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀And (3) glass. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept As vacuum As possible during evaporation, and the materials such As film and crucible contacted by the material should be dried sufficiently to remove moisture and prevent As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀The glass reacts with water and oxygen at high temperature. S12: and winding the evaporated double-layer film along a round bar, wherein the number of the winding layers is 15. And then obtaining a prefabricated rod structure with an inner layer of air fiber core and a cladding layer on the outer side.

S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer at the outer side of the cladding to obtain an inner layer prefabricated rod; the step specifically includes, S21: winding a PES film having a thickness of 1mm directly outside the preform structure obtained in the above-mentioned S1; s22: and fixing the inner layer preform by using a raw adhesive tape after winding, then putting the inner layer preform into a tubular furnace for thermosetting, and taking out the inner layer preform to obtain the inner layer preform.

Specifically, the PPSU particles are hot-pressed into a solid rod shape, and then a hollow hole with the same size as the inner-layer prefabricated rod is drilled in the center of the solid rod by using a drilling machine to obtain the hollow sleeve. The hollow sleeve and the inner-layer prefabricated rod are sleeved together, the inner-layer prefabricated rod and the hollow tube are fused together by heating, and the round rod in the inner-layer prefabricated rod is taken out, so that the optical fiber prefabricated rod can be obtained.

S4, drawing the optical fiber prefabricated rod. And drawing the obtained optical fiber perform by using a drawing tower, and controlling the actual scaling of the optical fiber perform and the obtained fiber by controlling the drawing proportion so as to finally control the transmission waveband of the obtained optical fiber.

The above examples 1-5 are all optimized for optical fibers in photonic band gap structures, which can be used as a laser scalpel in surgery. The optical fiber adopted in the field is difficult to bend due to over-strong rigidity, so that certain limitations are generated on the cutting part in the operation and the posture of a patient. Meanwhile, the embodiments obviously reduce the threshold of the combination of the optical fiber and the driving module, and provide a foundation for driving the laser scalpel.

Example 6:

in the flexible optical fiber of this embodiment, the optical fiber structure at the inner side is a core cladding structure, and the fiber core is As₄₀Se₆₀Glass with a cladding of As₄₀S₆₀And (3) glass. The core diameter was 200 μm and the cladding diameter was 300 μm. The outer flexible reinforcement layer of this example has three layers, the innermost layer being PEI, the middle layer being a blend of PEI and PVDF (1:1), and the outermost layer being PVDF.

The manufacturing method of the flexible optical fiber comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing an optical fiber structure prefabricated rod; specifically, the method comprises the steps of obtaining As with the diameter of 1cm and the length of 10cm by a mechanical processing mode₄₀Se₆₀Glass cylinder and As with an outer diameter of 1.5cm, an inner diameter of 2cm and a length of 12cm₄₀S₆₀A glass sleeve. As is₄₀Se₆₀Glass cylinder inserted As₄₀S₆₀And (4) in the glass sleeve, obtaining the prefabricated rod of the optical fiber structure.

S2, preparing the innermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer at the outer side of the cladding to obtain an inner layer prefabricated rod; the step specifically includes, S21: directly outside the preform structure of the optical fiber structure obtained in the above S1, a PEI film was wound, the PEI film layer having a width of 15cm and a thickness of 2.5mm, while As was being dispersed with polymer particles₄₀S₆₀The part of the glass sleeve shorter than the PEI film layer is filled, so that the chalcogenide glass is prevented from contacting with air at high temperature and the formation of impurities is reduced; s22: and fixing the inner layer preform by using a raw adhesive tape after winding, then putting the inner layer preform into a tubular furnace for thermosetting, and taking out the inner layer preform to obtain the inner layer preform.

S3, preparing two hollow sleeves, wherein the hollow sleeves are the middle layer and the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer, and sleeving the hollow sleeves outside the inner-layer prefabricated rod to obtain the optical fiber prefabricated rod.

Specifically, PEI particles and PVDF particles are fully smashed, and the weight ratio of PEI: PVDF 1:1 was mixed and then thoroughly mixed with a blender. The mixture was hot-pressed into a solid cylinder 15cm in length and 3cm in diameter. And drilling a round hole with the diameter of 2.5cm in the center of the solid cylinder through a drilling machine to obtain the middle-layer hollow sleeve. And hot-pressing the PVDF particles into a solid cylinder with the length of 15cm and the diameter of 4cm, and drilling a hollow hole with the diameter of 3cm in the center of the solid rod by using a drilling machine to obtain the outermost layer hollow sleeve. And sequentially sleeving the intermediate-layer hollow sleeve and the outermost-layer hollow sleeve on the inner-layer prefabricated rod, then putting the inner-layer prefabricated rod and the outermost-layer hollow sleeve into a tubular furnace for thermosetting, and taking out the outer-layer hollow sleeve to obtain the optical fiber preset rod.

S4, drawing the optical fiber prefabricated rod. And drawing the obtained optical fiber preform by using a drawing tower to obtain the required optical fiber, wherein the drawing temperature is 430 ℃.

Example 7:

as shown in FIG. 3, the flexible optical fiber has a photonic band gap structure with one central fiber structure, and the diameter of the air core 1 in the fiber structure is 650 μm. The outer layer of the air core 1 is a cladding 2 comprising a first cladding of As and a second cladding₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀Glass, the second cladding being PES. The first clad layer was located innermost, and the first clad layer and the second clad layer were alternately stacked, providing 9 layers each. The thicknesses of the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer were 0.33 μm and 0.66 μm, respectively.

The flexible reinforcing layer comprises an innermost layer 33, which innermost layer 33 is a multilayer PES film. The thickness of the innermost layer is 25 μm, the PES film is provided with an outermost layer 31 on the outer side, the material of the outermost layer 31 is PPSU, and the thickness of the outermost layer 31 is 75 μm. The outermost layer of the flexible reinforced layer is added with a quartz fiber grating sensor 40 for morphology monitoring, and the quartz fiber grating sensor 40 comprises three separately arranged sensing fibers 41 which are uniformly distributed in the outermost layer 31.

and S1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure with an air fiber core in the middle and a cladding layer on the outer layer. The step S1 specifically includes S11: preparation of PES and As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀Double-layer film, specifically, evaporating 15 μm of As on PES film with thickness of 30 μm by vacuum heating evaporation method₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀And (3) glass. Preferably, the evaporation chamber should be kept As vacuum As possible during evaporation, and the materials such As film and crucible contacted by the material should be dried sufficiently to remove moisture and prevent As₃₀Se₅₀Te₂₀The glass reacts with water and oxygen at high temperature. S12: and winding the evaporated double-layer film along a round bar, wherein the number of the winding layers is 15. And then obtaining a prefabricated rod structure with an inner layer of air fiber core and a cladding layer on the outer side.

S3, preparing a hollow sleeve which is the outmost layer, and sleeving the hollow sleeve outside the inner-layer prefabricated rod to obtain the hollow optical fiber prefabricated rod. Specifically, the PPSU particles are hot-pressed into a solid rod shape, and then a hollow hole with the same size as the inner-layer prefabricated rod is drilled in the center of the solid rod by using a drilling machine to obtain the hollow sleeve. The hollow sleeve and the inner-layer prefabricated rod are sleeved together, the inner-layer prefabricated rod and the hollow tube are fused together by heating, and the round rod in the inner-layer prefabricated rod is taken out, so that the optical fiber prefabricated rod can be obtained. And then drilling three round holes of 2mm at three points with the mutual included angle of 120 degrees between the outermost layer of the optical fiber preset rod and the circle center as the insertion positions of the quartz fiber grating sensor.

S4, in the hot drawing process, the sensing fibers 41 with the shape sensing function and the diameter of 125 μm are respectively inserted into the three 2mm hollow holes, and the sensing fibers are embedded into the optical fiber structure by means of the tension generated by the hollow hole retraction of the prefabricated rod in the drawing process, so that the flexible infrared transmission fiber with the shape mechanical sensing and laser transmission functions is finally obtained. The drawing temperature was 550 ℃.

Example 8:

in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, more than one optical fiber structures inside the flexible reinforced layer include a chalcogenide glass optical fiber structure 10 and a polymer optical fiber structure 20, the chalcogenide glass optical fiber structure 10 is used for transmitting laser, and the polymer optical fiber structure 20 is used for transmitting visible light, so that the functions of shape sensing, laser transmission and visible light illumination can be simultaneously realized in one flexible optical fiber. In addition, the flexible optical fiber also comprises a quartz fiber grating sensor 40, which comprises three sensing fibers 41 arranged in parallel, and the sensing fibers are wrapped into a whole through an outer layer structure and positioned in one of the empty holes on the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer.

The chalcogenide glass optical fiber structure 10 is an optical fiber with a core cladding structure, and comprises an As core layer 101₄₀Se₆₀And the cladding 102 is As_39.5S_60.5. The polymer lighting optical fiber is also of a core package structure, the core layer 201 is PEI, and the cladding layer 202 is PPSU.

And the flexible enhancement layer comprises an innermost layer 32 arranged outside the chalcogenide glass optical fiber structure 10, and the cladding 202 of the polymer lighting optical fiber structure simultaneously plays a role of transmitting light and also plays a role of the innermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer, namely the innermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer outside the polymer lighting optical fiber is the cladding of the core package structure. The outermost layer 31 in the flexible reinforcing layer is a modified polymer in which PPSU and a fluoride are mixed in a mass ratio of 6: 4. And the flexible reinforcing layer further includes an intermediate layer 33 corresponding to the chalcogenide glass optical fiber structure and the polymer optical fiber structure, respectively, and disposed between the innermost layer and the outermost layer.

The manufacturing method of the optical fiber comprises the following steps:

s1: and preparing a preform of a core cladding structure. The step S1 specifically includes obtaining As As a core layer having a diameter of 4mm by extrusion through a double-crucible method₄₀Se₆₀The cladding being As_39.5S_60.5The chalcogenide glass preform structure of (1). Meanwhile, the step S1 also comprises the step of preparing a polymer preform with a PEI clad layer and PPSU as a core layer and an outer diameter of 5mm by a sleeve method. The cladding of the polymer preform is used as both the light guide cladding of the optical fiber structure and the innermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer, so that the polymer inner layer preform can be obtained without performing the step S2.

S2: preparing the innermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer at the outer side of the cladding of the chalcogenide glass preform to obtain a chalcogenide glass inner-layer preform; the step specifically includes, S21: winding a PPSU film having a thickness of 1mm directly outside the preform structure obtained in the above S1; s22: and after the winding is finished, heating the structure obtained in the S21 to fully fuse the PPSU layer with the inner preform structure, and taking out to obtain the chalcogenide glass inner-layer preform.

S3: and respectively inserting the intermediate layer sleeve, the chalcogenide glass inner layer prefabricated rod and the polymer inner layer prefabricated rod into the hollow holes of the outermost layer sleeve to obtain the optical fiber prefabricated rod.

Specifically, PPSU particles and fluoride particles are mixed in a weight ratio of 4:6, and then the mixture is sufficiently dissolved with a chemical agent. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain a mixture of PPSU and fluoride particles. The mixture is hot-pressed into a solid round bar shape with the diameter of 16mm by a hot press, and then hollow holes with the diameters of 7mm, 6mm and 6mm are respectively drilled at three positions on the inner side of the round bar by a perforating machine, so that the outermost layer of the sleeve is obtained. The PPSU particles and the fluoride particles were mixed in a weight ratio of 6:4, and then the mixture was sufficiently dissolved with a chemical agent. After the solution is fully stirred, the chemical solvent in the solution is dried to obtain a mixture of PPSU and fluoride particles. The mixture was prepared into an intermediate layer sleeve of 7mm outer diameter and 6mm inner diameter, an intermediate layer sleeve of 6mm outer diameter and 5mm inner diameter, and a sensor sleeve structure of 6mm outer diameter and comprising three holes of 2mm diameter. Firstly, respectively inserting the middle layer sleeve into the corresponding holes of the outermost layer sleeve, then inserting the chalcogenide glass inner layer prefabricated rod into the middle layer sleeve with the inner diameter of 6mm, inserting the polymer inner layer prefabricated rod into the middle layer sleeve with the inner diameter of 5mm, placing the sensor sleeve into the corresponding empty hole, and fully fusing the prefabricated rod through heating, thereby obtaining the optical fiber prefabricated rod.

S4: in the hot drawing process, a sensing fiber with the diameter of 125 mu m is inserted into 3 hollow holes with the diameter of 2mm of a sensor sleeve, and the quartz fiber grating sensor is embedded into an optical fiber structure by virtue of tension generated by the shrinkage of the hollow holes of the prefabricated rod in the drawing process, so that a flexible transmission fiber with the functions of shape sensing, laser transmission and visible light illumination is finally obtained. The drawing temperature was 510 ℃.

Example 9:

in this example, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the drivable laser scalpel was prepared from the flexible optical fiber according to example 7. The laser scalpel comprises a plurality of disc-shaped bodies 100 arranged at intervals along an axial direction and a driving wire 200 connected with each disc-shaped body 100, wherein a plurality of holes are formed in the disc-shaped bodies, the flexible optical fiber 300 in the embodiment 8 sequentially penetrates through each disc-shaped body, and the driving wire 200 can be connected with a driving device and a control device, so that the disc-shaped bodies can move mutually, and the drivable laser scalpel becomes a flexible body capable of bending and rotating. The number of the driving wires 200 is more, the driving wires are uniformly distributed, and the disc-shaped bodies can rotate relative to each other more easily, so that the whole laser scalpel is bent accurately.

The fiber state sensor is disposed inside the flexible optical fiber as described in embodiment 7, and includes three sensing fibers, and the form detection and judgment of the flexible optical fiber, that is, the entire laser scalpel can be realized by detecting the change of the wavelength in the quartz fiber grating sensor. The flexible optical fiber 300 in this embodiment may be capable of both visible light illumination, laser transmission, and form sensing, or at least some of them.

And as shown in the figure, the laser scalpel further comprises a housing 400, wherein the housing 400 comprises a plurality of hinged blocks which are hinged to each other and also extend along the length direction of the flexible optical fiber, and the hinged blocks can rotate mutually to match the movement of the disk-shaped body 100 and the flexible optical fiber inside the hinged blocks. The disk-shaped body 100 and housing 400 and the drive wire are the backbone portion of the laser scalpel.

Specifically, the laser scalpel is essentially a multi-channel soft robot, flexible optical fibers in the laser scalpel can transmit laser to realize ablation of a target tissue part, and the laser scalpel belongs to a main body of a laser scalpel; the driving wire and the disk-shaped body are used for controlling the bending motion of the whole robot and can be controlled by a driving device such as a motor and the like and a control device; and a quartz fiber grating sensor can be arranged in the sensor for sensing the form of the sensor. Finally, the laser scalpel with the shape sensing and laser transmission functions is obtained.

Example 10:

in this example, a drivable laser scalpel was prepared based on the flexible optical fiber of example 5. The laser scalpel comprises a plurality of disc-shaped bodies 100 arranged at intervals along an axial direction, a driving wire 200 connected with each disc-shaped body 100, a flexible optical fiber 300 sequentially passing through each disc-shaped body, and an imaging element and an illuminating element which are arranged outside the flexible optical fiber 300 and are also arranged in a range limited by the disc-shaped bodies 100 and connected with the disc-shaped bodies 100. The flexible optical fiber 300 in this embodiment may have only a function of laser light transmission. The disk-shaped bodies are provided with a plurality of holes, the flexible optical fiber in the embodiment 8 sequentially passes through each disk-shaped body, and the driving wire 200 can be connected with the driving device and the control device, so that the disk-shaped bodies can move mutually, and the drivable laser scalpel becomes a flexible body capable of bending and rotating. This drive silk 200 is at least two, can be used for controlling the mutual motion between the disk body 100 to the number of drive silk 200 is more, and evenly distributed realizes more easily that rotation each other between the disk body and then makes the accurate crooked effect of whole laser scalpel. The fibre state sensor is located on the outside of the flexible fibre, also passing through a hole in the disc, and extending co-directionally with the flexible fibre 300. The fiber state sensor is a quartz fiber grating sensor, can comprise three sensing fibers, and can realize the form detection and judgment of the flexible optical fiber, namely the whole laser scalpel, by detecting the change of the wavelength in the quartz fiber grating sensor. The imaging element and the illuminating element can be an optical fiber bundle integrating imaging and illumination, or can be two components which are separated, for example, the imaging element can be a CCD or CMOS camera, the illuminating element can be an optional illuminating light source, and the imaging element and the illuminating element are used for providing real-time illumination and visual feedback in the laser surgery process.

When the imaging element and the illumination element are integrated optical fiber bundles, the integrated optical fiber bundles can realize the transmission from the near end to the far end through each disk-shaped body 100 and can simultaneously provide the functions of illumination and imaging; the latter CCD or CMOS camera may provide imaging functionality while illumination elements such as fiber optic bundles or LEDs may be provided to provide illumination functionality, the body or cables of which may be routed proximally to distally through the respective disk-shaped body 100. The visual information obtained by the imaging element can be used for visual feedback of the flexible laser scalpel, and accurate control is performed by combining a visual servo algorithm to realize accurate laser surgery operation.

The three sensing fibers may be disposed outside the flexible optical fiber 300 and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the disc-shaped body 100, that is, they form an angle of 120 degrees with each other, or may be a structure in which the three sensing fibers are disposed side by side to form an integral body, and are inserted into the holes of the disc-shaped bodies 100 and extend in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber 300.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A flexible optical fiber, characterized by: comprises that

2. A flexible optical fiber, characterized by: comprises that

3. The flexible optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the optical fiber structure is a step-index optical fiber structure, a graded-index optical fiber structure or a microstructure optical fiber structure.

4. The flexible optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the Young modulus of the outermost layer material of the flexible reinforcing layer at normal temperature is lower than 1000Mpa, and the viscosity difference between every two adjacent layers of materials in each layer of the flexible reinforcing layer and the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure at the optical fiber drawing temperature is within two orders of magnitude.

5. The flexible optical fiber of claim 4, wherein: all materials in the fiber had a viscosity of 10 at the fiber draw temperature²Poise-10⁷Mooring rangeIn the enclosure, the drawing temperature of the optical fiber is 60-600 ℃.

6. The flexible optical fiber of claim 5, wherein: the flexible reinforcing layer is made of polymer material or modified polymer material.

7. The flexible optical fiber of claim 6, wherein: the modified polymer material is obtained by compounding an auxiliary material in a polymer material, wherein the auxiliary material comprises any one of an elastic rubber body, an inorganic substance, carbonates, sulfones, etherimides, acrylics or fluorine-containing polymer;

8. The flexible optical fiber of claim 4, wherein:

in the outermost layer of the optical fiber structure and the flexible reinforcing layer, the Young modulus of each layer is reduced from inside to outside in sequence.

9. The flexible optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the optical fiber structure is a photonic band gap optical fiber structure, the optical fiber structure comprises an air fiber core positioned in the center and a cladding surrounding the air fiber core, and the cladding is a structure formed by alternately laminating a high-refractive-index material and a low-refractive-index material in a multi-layer mode in sequence.

10. The flexible optical fiber of claim 2, wherein: the outermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer is a layer and wraps the at least two optical fiber structures at the same time, and the innermost layer of the flexible enhancement layer wraps the at least two optical fiber structures respectively.

11. The flexible optical fiber of claim 10, wherein: when the flexible enhancement layer further comprises an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer independently wraps the at least two optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps part of the at least two optical fiber structures, or the intermediate layer simultaneously wraps all the optical fiber structures.

12. The flexible optical fiber of any one of claims 1-11, wherein: the outermost layer of the flexible reinforcing layer is provided with a fiber state form sensor, the fiber state form sensor is used for sensing the bending state of the fibers, the softening temperature of the fiber state form sensor material is above 600 ℃, and functional failure caused by temperature change below 600 ℃ can be avoided.

13. A method of making a flexible optical fiber, comprising:

s1, preparing a prefabricated rod structure of the optical fiber structure;

14. A method of making a flexible optical fiber as defined in claim 13, wherein: if the optical fiber structure is a step-index optical fiber structure, step S1 specifically includes fabricating a preform structure with a core material on the inside and a cladding material on the outside;

15. A method of making a flexible optical fiber as defined in claim 13, wherein: specifically, in step S2, S21: winding an innermost layer of material outside the preform structure to form an innermost layer of the flexible reinforcement layer; s22: and heating the preform structure wound with the best inner layer material to melt the layers, and cooling to obtain the inner layer preform.

16. A method of making a flexible optical fiber as defined in claim 13, wherein: specifically, in step S3, S31: selecting at least one material with similar rheological property and weaker rigidity as the innermost layer; s32: forming the at least one material into at least one hollow sleeve having a void; s33: at least one hollow sleeve is nested and fused together with the inner preform in sequence.

17. The method of making a flexible optical fiber according to claim 16, wherein: the young ' S modulus of the outermost layer material of the optical fiber structure, the young ' S modulus of the innermost layer material selected in the step S2, and the young ' S modulus of at least one material selected in the step S3 are decreased in this order from the inside to the outside.

18. The method of making a flexible optical fiber according to claim 14, wherein: when the optical fiber structures are at least two, the preform structures prepared in the step S1 are also at least two correspondingly; the at least one hollow sleeve prepared in the step S3 includes preparing an outermost sleeve having a hollow hole therein, where the hollow hole of the outermost sleeve corresponds to the number of optical fiber structures;

19. The method of making a flexible optical fiber according to claim 13, wherein: further comprising, in step S3, making at least one individual void in the outermost sleeve for placement of a fibrous morphology sensor that was placed in step S4 and that did not produce a structural change upon drawing.

20. The utility model provides a can drive laser scalpel, includes along a plurality of disk-shaped bodies of axial interval setting to and the drive silk of connecting a plurality of disk-shaped bodies, be equipped with a plurality of holes on the disk-shaped body, its characterized in that: the flexible optical fiber according to any of the preceding claims 1-12 is arranged through corresponding holes in the disk-shaped bodies in sequence, the driving wire is connected with a driving device and a control device for controlling the mutual movement between the plurality of disk-shaped bodies so that the plurality of disk-shaped bodies form a flexible body capable of bending and rotating, and the flexible body is provided with a shell on the outer side.

21. The drivable laser scalpel of claim 20, wherein: the fiber state form sensor sequentially penetrates through corresponding holes of the disc-shaped body, extends in the same direction as the flexible optical fiber and is used for sensing the bending state of the drivable laser scalpel;

22. A drivable laser scalpel as defined in claim 20 or 21 in which: the fiber morphology sensor comprises a fiber grating morphology sensor.