CN111555099A - Microwave generating system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S1/00—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
- H01S1/005—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range using a relativistic beam of charged particles, e.g. electron cyclotron maser, gyrotron
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S1/00—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
- H01S1/02—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range solid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/03—Suppression of nonlinear conversion, e.g. specific design to suppress for example stimulated brillouin scattering [SBS], mainly in optical fibres in combination with multimode pumping
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a microwave generating system. The system comprises a wavelength-adjustable light source, a polarization controller, a first circulator, an optical fiber, a first filter, an optical microcavity and a first photodetector; the optical microcavity comprises a substrate, a supporting column and a cavity, wherein the supporting column and the cavity are positioned on one side of the substrate; the wavelength tunable light source is used for providing pump light; the polarization controller is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the pump light so as to adjust the coupling efficiency; the pump light excites backward Brillouin laser in the optical microcavity, a four-wave mixing effect is generated in the optical microcavity, and a dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is generated; the first filter is used for filtering the pumping light and the backward Brillouin laser so that the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector to generate a microwave signal. According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is generated by utilizing the backward Brillouin laser, and is converted into a microwave signal by using the high-speed photoelectric detector, so that a complex electrical device is not required to be introduced, and the miniaturization and integration of the system are favorably realized.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to a microwave signal generation technology, in particular to a microwave generation system.
Background
The low phase noise microwave source has wide application in optical communication networks, radars, lidar and basic research. It is difficult for the conventional electronic oscillator to generate high-frequency microwaves of high spectral purity. In recent years, there has been much attention paid to converting an optical signal of a multi-beam phase-locked laser into a microwave signal by a high-speed photodetector.
Among them, in order to further realize miniaturization of the microwave source, a microwave signal of high frequency and low phase noise has been generated using a microcavity soliton frequency comb. The phase noise of the microwave signal generated by the micro-cavity soliton frequency comb is related to the phase noise and the relative intensity noise of the pump laser, and the phase noise of the microwave signal can be influenced by the power instability of the laser, the intra-cavity power jitter caused by the instability of the coupling of the micro-cavity and the optical fiber, the detuning jitter between the pump laser and the cavity mode, the thermal noise and the mechanical noise of the micro-cavity and other factors. At present, in order to reduce the noise of the microwave generated by the micro-cavity soliton frequency comb, a low-noise laser is used as a pumping source, and a complex electrical component is added to stabilize the soliton power, detune the pumping and the cavity mode, or an additional microwave source is introduced to perform injection locking on the soliton repetition frequency. These methods require the addition of complex optical and electrical components, which are detrimental to the miniaturization of low phase noise microwave sources.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a microwave generation system, which firstly generates backward Brillouin laser in an optical microcavity, and then generates a dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb by using the backward Brillouin laser.
The embodiment of the invention provides a microwave generation system, which comprises a wavelength-adjustable light source, a polarization controller, a first circulator, an optical fiber, a first filter, an optical microcavity and a first photodetector, wherein the wavelength-adjustable light source is connected with the first circulator;
the output end of the wavelength-tunable light source is connected with the input end of the polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the first end of the first circulator, the second end of the first circulator is connected with the optical fiber, the third end of the first circulator is connected with the input end of the first filter, and the output end of the first filter is connected with the first photodetector;
the optical fiber extends from the second end of the first circulator to the optical microcavity, the optical fiber extending to the optical microcavity comprises a tapered structure, and the optical fiber is coupled with the optical microcavity through the tapered structure;
the optical microcavity comprises a substrate, a supporting column and a cavity, wherein the supporting column and the cavity are positioned on one side of the substrate;
the wavelength-adjustable light source is used for providing pump light, and the pump light is coupled into the optical fiber after passing through the polarization controller and the first circulator;
the polarization controller is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the pump light so as to adjust the coupling efficiency of the pump light and the optical microcavity;
the pump light is coupled into the optical microcavity through the conical structure, the pump light excites backward Brillouin laser in the optical microcavity, the backward Brillouin laser generates a four-wave mixing effect in the optical microcavity, and a dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is generated;
the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is coupled into the optical fiber, is input from the second end of the first circulator and is output from the third end of the first circulator;
the first filter is used for filtering the pumping light and the backward Brillouin laser, so that the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector to generate a microwave signal.
Optionally, the optical amplifier is disposed between the wavelength tunable light source and the polarization controller, and the optical amplifier is configured to amplify the pump light.
Optionally, the optical amplifier is a semiconductor optical amplifier;
the microwave generation system further comprises a first collimator, an optical isolator and a second collimator;
the first collimator, the semiconductor optical amplifier, the optical isolator and the second collimator are sequentially arranged between the wavelength-tunable light source and the polarization controller along a light path;
the input end of the first collimator is coupled with the output end of the wavelength-adjustable light source and is used for collimating the pump light and then inputting the collimated pump light into the semiconductor optical amplifier;
the semiconductor optical amplifier is used for amplifying the pump light;
the optical isolator is used for enabling the amplified pump light to be transmitted in a single direction;
and the output end of the second collimator is connected with the input end of the polarization controller.
Optionally, the optical amplifier is an optical fiber amplifier;
the wavelength-adjustable light source is connected with the input end of the optical fiber amplifier;
and the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the polarization controller.
Optionally, the polarization controller further comprises a second filter disposed between the optical amplifier and the polarization controller, and the second filter is configured to filter the spontaneous emission light of the optical amplifier.
Optionally, the optical amplifier further comprises an adjustable attenuator arranged between the optical amplifier and the polarization controller, and the adjustable attenuator is used for adjusting the output power of the amplified pump light.
Optionally, the system further comprises a first coupler, a second photodetector, a third photodetector, an oscilloscope, a spectrometer, a frequency spectrograph, and a phase noise instrument;
the optical fiber extending from the optical microcavity is connected with the second photodetector, the output end of the first filter is connected with the input end of the first coupler, the first output end of the first coupler is connected with the third photodetector, the second output end of the first coupler is connected with the first photodetector, the first photodetector is connected with the frequency spectrograph and the phase noise instrument, the second photodetector and the third photodetector are both connected with the oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is used for outputting time domain waveforms detected by the second photodetector and the third photodetector, and the frequency spectrograph and the phase noise instrument are used for measuring the frequency spectrum and the phase noise of microwave signals respectively;
the input end of the second coupler is connected with the third end of the first circulator, the first output end of the second coupler is connected with the input end of the first filter, the second output end of the second coupler is connected with the spectrometer, and the spectrometer is used for measuring the output spectrum of the second output end of the second coupler.
Optionally, the first filter includes a fiber bragg grating, and the fiber bragg grating is configured to reflect the pump light and the backward brillouin laser light, and transmit the dissipative kerr soliton frequency comb;
the microwave generation system further comprises a second circulator, wherein a first end of the second circulator is connected with a first output end of the second coupler, a second end of the second circulator is connected with an input end of the first filter, and a third end of the second circulator is connected with the spectrometer;
the spectrometer is further configured to measure an output spectrum of a third end of the second circulator.
Optionally, the wavelength-tunable light source is a wavelength-tunable laser.
Optionally, the substrate material of the optical microcavity includes silicon, and the material of the cavity includes silicon dioxide.
The microwave generation system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a wavelength-adjustable light source, a polarization controller, a first circulator, an optical fiber, a first filter, an optical microcavity and a first photodetector; the optical microcavity comprises a substrate, a supporting column and a cavity, wherein the supporting column and the cavity are positioned on one side of the substrate; the pump light is provided by the wavelength-adjustable light source and is positioned in the blue detuning region of the optical microcavity, so that the optical microcavity has good thermal stability; the pump light is coupled into the optical fiber after passing through the polarization controller and the first circulator; the polarization direction of the pump light is adjusted through a polarization controller so as to adjust the coupling efficiency of the pump light and the optical microcavity; the pump light excites the backward Brillouin laser in the optical microcavity, a mode generating the backward Brillouin laser and a corresponding mode group are just in an anomalous dispersion region, the backward Brillouin laser generates a four-wave mixing effect in the optical microcavity and generates a dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb; the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is coupled into the optical fiber, input from the second end of the first circulator and output from the third end of the first circulator; the pump light and the backward Brillouin laser are filtered by the first filter, so that the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector to generate a microwave signal. The microwave generation system provided by the embodiment can generate the microwave signal with low phase noise without introducing a complex electrical device, and is beneficial to realizing the miniaturization and integration of the optical soliton generation system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a generating principle of a microcavity brillouin-kerr soliton frequency comb according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical microcavity provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a transmission spectrum curve of one of the pump light and the Brillouin light in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of waveforms collected by an oscilloscope in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a spectrum and a frequency spectrum diagram of two soliton states obtained in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a phase noise curve of a microwave signal tested by the phase noise meter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention are used in the angle shown in the drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, in this context, it is also to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be directly formed on "or" under "the other element or be indirectly formed on" or "under" the other element through an intermediate element. The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and not for purposes of limitation, and do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
When a micro-cavity soliton frequency comb is used for generating a microwave signal, the microwave signal is a beat frequency signal between comb teeth of the soliton frequency comb, the frequency of the microwave signal is the repetition frequency of the soliton, and the microwave signal depends on the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of a micro-cavity, so that microwave sources of an X band and a K band are realized in a magnesium fluoride crystal micro-cavity, a silicon oxide micro-disk cavity and a silicon nitride micro-cavity at present. To achieve lower phase noise, it is necessary to utilize low noise lasers and complex locking techniques.
In a certain prior art, a semiconductor distributed feedback laser (needing self-injection locking) with narrow linewidth and stable frequency is used as pump laser, a microcavity with intrinsic full width at half maximum of 35kHz and FSR of 9.9GHz is obtained through mechanical polishing, two prisms are used as input and output couplers respectively, broadband solitons are generated, a microwave signal subjected to photoelectric conversion by a photoelectric detector is amplified and filtered, and finally a 9.9GHz microwave signal is obtained, wherein the phase noise is-60 dBc/Hz @10Hz, -90dBc/Hz @100Hz, -170dBc/Hz @10 MHz. The technology is not integrated, is complex, and needs a microcavity with a high quality factor (Q) and a pumping source with a narrow line width and stable frequency.
In another prior art, a FSR of 14.09GHz and a Q value of 1.3 × 10 are used9The magnesium fluoride whispering gallery mode resonant cavity is used as a sample, PDH (Pound-Drever-Hall) locking is carried out by an electro-optical modulator to stabilize the detuning of a pumping laser and a cavity mode, active locking of soliton power is carried out by an acousto-optical modulator, and the phase noise of a pre-stabilized microwave signal is about-40 dBc/Hz @10Hz, -140dBc/Hz @10kHz, -140dBc/Hz @1 MHz. A microwave source with the frequency close to that of the microwave signal generated by the soliton is introduced to drive a phase modulator or an amplitude modulator to perform injection locking of the soliton repetition rate, so that the phase noise of the obtained microwave signal is superior to that of the introduced microwave source. The phase noise of self-injection locking after pre-stabilization is about-60 dBc/Hz @10Hz, -130dBc/Hz @10kHz, -140dBc/Hz @1MHz, and when the offset frequency is less than 100Hz, the phase noise is obviously reduced. However, such microwave generation systems are not integrated, are technically complex, and require additional optical and electrical components.
In another prior art, the FSR of 22GHz and the Q value of 1.8 × 10 are used8The silicon oxide microdisk cavity is used as a sample, and the external cavity diode laser is used as a pumping source. Because silicon oxide has a large thermal nonlinear system and the thermal instability of laser in cavity mode red detuning (the generation of soliton state pump laser needs to be adjusted to the red detuning of cavity mode), solitons are difficult to obtain directly by adjusting a laser, the system uses a single-sideband modulator to rapidly scan the laser frequency to 100 GHz/mus, the pump laser is detuned from blue to red to obtain the soliton state, and PDH is used to lock the pump laser detuning, the phase noise of the obtained microwave source is about-30 dBc/Hz @100Hz, -90dBc/Hz @10 kHz-130dBc/Hz@1MHz。
The method for generating the microwave signal based on the microcavity soliton frequency comb has the following disadvantages:
the magnesium fluoride crystal cavity is not beneficial to integration; due to the existence of a thermal effect, the realization of the soliton state by the micro-cavity of the silicon oxide material requires a complex adjusting process; the fabrication process of the silicon nitride micro-cavity is complicated. The phase noise of the microwave source generated by the pump light in the free running state is relatively high, and the locking of soliton power, pump light detuning and the injection locking of solitons need to introduce electrical parts, such as an electro-optical modulator, an acousto-optical modulator, a servo controller, a radio frequency source and the like. The introduction of these electrical devices greatly increases the complexity of the system, and is not favorable for miniaturization of the low-phase noise microwave source in the future. In addition, common commercial radio frequency sources are very expensive, and the cost for system construction is greatly increased.
To solve the above problem, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the microwave generation system provided in this embodiment includes a wavelength tunable light source 10, a polarization controller 20, a first circulator 30, an optical fiber 40, a first filter 50, an optical microcavity 60, and a first photodetector 70; the output end of the wavelength tunable light source 10 is connected to the input end of the polarization controller 20, the output end of the polarization controller 20 is connected to the first end of the first circulator 30, the second end of the first circulator 30 is connected to the optical fiber 40, the third end of the first circulator 30 is connected to the input end of the first filter 50, and the output end of the first filter 50 is connected to the first photodetector 70; the optical fiber 40 extends from the second end of the first circulator 30 to the optical microcavity 60, the optical fiber 40 extending to the optical microcavity 60 including a tapered structure (not shown in fig. 1), the optical fiber 40 being coupled with the optical microcavity 60 through the tapered structure; wherein, the optical microcavity 60 includes a substrate and a supporting pillar and a cavity on one side of the substrate; the wavelength tunable light source 10 is used for providing pump light, and the pump light is coupled into the optical fiber 40 after passing through the polarization controller 20 and the first circulator 30; the polarization controller 20 is configured to adjust the polarization direction of the pump light to adjust the coupling efficiency of the pump light and the optical microcavity 60; the pump light is coupled into the optical microcavity 60 through the conical structure, the pump light excites backward Brillouin laser in the optical microcavity, the backward Brillouin laser generates a four-wave mixing effect in the optical microcavity 60, and a dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is generated; the dissipative kerr soliton frequency comb is coupled into the optical fiber 40, and is input from the second end of the first circulator 30 and output from the third end of the first circulator 30; the first filter 50 is used to filter the pumping light and the backward brillouin laser light, so that the dissipative kerr soliton frequency comb is transmitted to the first photodetector 70 to generate a microwave signal.
The wavelength tunable light source 10 is capable of outputting a continuously tunable pump light within a predetermined wavelength range, for example, a pump light in 1550nm band. The wavelength tunable light source 10, the polarization controller 20, the first circulator 30, and the first filter 50 may be connected by optical fibers. According to the embodiment of the invention, Brillouin scattering principle is utilized, Brillouin laser is firstly generated in the optical microcavity 60, then the Brillouin laser is utilized to generate the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb, the first photoelectric detector 70 is a high-speed photoelectric detector, and beat signals between comb teeth of the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb are received by the first photoelectric detector 70 to form microwave signals. By properly selecting the mode spacing between the pump light and the brillouin light, brillouin laser light in the red detuned region can be obtained while the pump light is in the blue detuned region. The embodiment of the invention solves the defect that the system is not easy to miniaturize because various electrical modulation devices are required to be added when low-phase-noise microwaves are generated in the prior art. The optical microcavity 60 is an on-chip integrated device, which can be integrated on a silicon chip as a substrate, and it can be understood that light transmitted in the optical fiber 40 generates an evanescent field in a tapered structure, so as to realize coupling between the optical microcavity 60 and the optical fiber 40, and the tapered structure can be obtained by melting and tapering the optical fiber. The coupling efficiency of the pump light and the optical microcavity 60 can be adjusted by adjusting the state of the polarization controller 20, wherein the polarization controller 20 may adopt a three-ring or embedded polarization controller, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Exemplarily, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of generating a microcavity brillouin-kerr soliton frequency comb according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a single-mode continuous laser is normally incident into an optical microcavity as a pump light pump to generate a backward brillouin laser b. When the wavelength of the pumping light pump is adjusted, due to the fact that the mode spacing between the pumping mode and the Brillouin mode has a certain spacing relative to Brillouin frequency shift and the Kerr self-phase modulation of the Brillouin mode, the generated Brillouin laser can be in red detuning of the Brillouin mode, the Brillouin laser can be used as a pump to generate a soliton frequency comb when reaching certain power and in a detuned state, and the Brillouin laser mode and the comb mode belong to the same mode family. And the optical signal can be converted into a microwave signal through a photoelectric detector at a later stage.
In order to realize the above process, the following steps are required to be carried out in specific implementation:
firstly, selecting a proper pumping mode and a Brillouin mode, wherein the distance between the two modes is close to Brillouin frequency shift (about 10.8GHz) in an optical microcavity; brillouin modes and their corresponding mode families have anomalous dispersions;
then, adjusting the power and polarization state of the pump light and the coupling state of the optical microcavity and the optical fiber, scanning the pump light, monitoring the power of the forward pump light, and filtering the backscattered pump light and the generated brillouin laser by a first filter (such as a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)) and a backward spectrum by a backward optical comb until an obvious step appears in the power transmission spectrum of the optical comb, wherein the brillouin laser and the optical comb form on the spectrum of the backward light;
the wavelength of the pump light is slowly adjusted until stable soliton envelope exists on the spectrum, and the wavelength of the pump light is continuously adjusted to obtain different optical comb states;
the optical comb is converted into an electric signal by a high-speed photoelectric detector, and the frequency spectrum and the phase noise of the microwave signal are measured on a frequency spectrograph and a phase noise meter.
In the embodiment of the invention, the Brillouin laser generated by the pump light is used as the pump to generate solitons, the pump light works in the blue detuning of the pump cavity mode, the thermal stability is realized, and the pump laser can be directly adjusted through the thermal lock. By adjusting the wavelength of the pump light, the detuning of the brillouin laser relative to the brillouin cavity mode is also changed, the detuning change of the brillouin is smaller than the change of the pump wavelength, and when the power of the brillouin laser reaches a soliton threshold and the detuning reaches a certain state, a relatively long soliton step can be obtained. The blue detuned pump light and the relatively long soliton step avoid a complex tuning process due to thermal instability of the red detuning when solitons are generated, and the solitons can exist stably for a long time under free running. The stability of blue detuning of the pump light and the narrow linewidth and low noise characteristics of the Brillouin laser enable the Brillouin-Kerr soliton-based microwave source to have the characteristic of low phase noise.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the pump light is provided by the wavelength-adjustable light source and is positioned in the blue detuning region of the optical microcavity, so that the optical microcavity has good thermal stability; the pump light is coupled into the optical fiber after passing through the polarization controller and the first circulator; the polarization direction of the pump light is adjusted through a polarization controller so as to adjust the coupling efficiency of the pump light and the optical microcavity; the pump light excites the backward Brillouin laser in the optical microcavity, a mode generating the backward Brillouin laser and a corresponding mode group are just in an anomalous dispersion region, the backward Brillouin laser generates a four-wave mixing effect in the optical microcavity and generates a dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb; the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is coupled into the optical fiber, input from the second end of the first circulator and output from the third end of the first circulator; the pump light and the backward Brillouin laser are filtered by the first filter, so that the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector to generate a microwave signal. The microwave generation system provided by the embodiment can generate the microwave signal with low phase noise without introducing a complex electrical device, and is beneficial to realizing the miniaturization and integration of the optical soliton generation system.
On the basis of the above technical solution, optionally, the wavelength-tunable light source is a wavelength-tunable laser.
It can be understood that, because the laser has many advantages such as high brightness, good directivity, good monochromaticity, etc., in practical implementation, the wavelength tunable light source may be a wavelength tunable laser and output through an optical fiber to generate high-power pump light.
Optionally, the substrate material of the optical microcavity comprises silicon, and the material of the cavity comprises silicon dioxide.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical microcavity according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 3, the optical microcavity is a microcavity including a substrate 61 and a support post 62 and a microdisk 63 located on one side of the substrate. Both the substrate 61 and the support posts 62 may be selected from silicon and the microdisk cavities 63 may be selected from silicon dioxide. In this embodiment, the microdisk cavity 63 is wedge-shaped, the mode dispersion can be changed by controlling the inclination angle of the wedge, and the microdisk cavity is coupled with the optical fiber through the tapered structure of the optical fiber.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, optionally, the microwave generation system provided in this embodiment further includes an optical amplifier 11 disposed between the wavelength tunable light source 10 and the polarization controller 20, where the optical amplifier 11 is configured to amplify the pump light.
It is understood that, in implementation, the power of the pump light output by the wavelength tunable light source 10 may be small and may not reach the threshold power of the pump light that excites the backward brillouin laser in which four-wave mixing may occur, and therefore, the optical amplifier 11 may be disposed on the optical path between the wavelength tunable light source 10 and the polarization controller 20 to amplify the power of the pump light above the threshold power.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5, the optical amplifier 11 is optionally a semiconductor optical amplifier; the microwave generation system further includes a first collimator 12, an optical isolator 13, and a second collimator 14; the first collimator 12, the semiconductor optical amplifier, the optical isolator 13 and the second collimator 14 are sequentially arranged along a light path between the wavelength-tunable light source 10 and the polarization controller 20; the input end of the first collimator 12 is coupled with the output end of the wavelength-tunable light source 10, and is used for collimating the pump light and inputting the collimated pump light into the semiconductor optical amplifier; the semiconductor optical amplifier is used for amplifying the pump light; the optical isolator 13 is used for unidirectional transmission of the amplified pump light; an output of the second collimator 14 is connected to an input of a polarization controller 20.
It can be understood that the semiconductor optical amplifier is difficult to integrate with the optical fiber, the wavelength-tunable light source 10 can output pump light through the optical fiber, after passing through the first collimator 12, the transmission light in the optical fiber is converted into parallel light in a free space, and the pump light is gain-amplified after the optical power is improved through the semiconductor optical amplifier, after passing through the optical isolator 13, the amplified pump light can only be transmitted along the forward direction, the back reflected light is prevented from damaging the semiconductor optical amplifier, and after passing through the second collimator 14, the free space parallel light after the power amplification is recoupled and enters the optical fiber for continuous transmission.
Optionally, the optical amplifier is an optical fiber amplifier; the wavelength-adjustable light source is connected with the input end of the optical fiber amplifier; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the polarization controller.
It can be understood that the optical amplifier may also be an optical fiber amplifier, and the optical path is transmitted only in the optical fiber, so as to reduce the coupling difficulty of the optical path. In other embodiments, other types of optical amplifiers may also be selected, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
Optionally, with continuing reference to fig. 4, the microwave generating system further includes a second filter 51 disposed between the optical amplifier 11 and the polarization controller 20, where the second filter 51 is used to filter the spontaneous emission light of the optical amplifier 11, so as to improve the monochromaticity of the pump light.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 4, the microwave generating system further includes an adjustable attenuator 80 disposed between the optical amplifier 11 and the polarization controller 20, wherein the adjustable attenuator 80 is used for adjusting the output power of the amplified pump light.
It is understood that the second filter 51 shown in fig. 4 is located at the output end of the adjustable attenuator 80 for illustration purposes only, and the implementation thereof is not limited to the order relationship.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, optionally, the microwave generation system provided in this embodiment further includes a first coupler 90, a second coupler 91, a second photodetector 92, a third photodetector 93, an oscilloscope 94, a spectrometer 95, a spectrometer 96, and a phase noise meter 97; the optical fiber 40 extending from the optical microcavity 60 is connected to a second photodetector 92, the output end of the first filter 50 is connected to the input end of the first coupler 90, the first output end of the first coupler 90 is connected to a third photodetector 93, the second output end is connected to the first photodetector 70, the first photodetector 70 is connected to a spectrometer 96 and a phase noise meter 97, the second photodetector 92 and the third photodetector 93 are both connected to an oscilloscope 94, the oscilloscope 94 is configured to output time domain waveforms detected by the second photodetector 92 and the third photodetector 93, and the spectrometer 96 and the phase noise meter 97 measure the frequency spectrum and the phase noise of the microwave signal respectively; the input end of the second coupler 91 is connected to the third end of the first circulator 30, the first output end of the second coupler 91 is connected to the input end of the first filter 50, the second output end of the second coupler 91 is connected to the spectrometer 95, and the spectrometer 95 is used for measuring the output spectrum of the second output end of the second coupler 91.
It can be understood that in order to verify whether the microwave generation system provided by the embodiment of the present invention generates a dissipative kerr soliton frequency comb and further generates a microwave signal, a test needs to be performed, and whether an optical soliton frequency comb is generated can be determined by observing a time domain waveform of the oscilloscope 94 and a spectrum measured by the spectrometer 95. In practical implementation, the first coupler 90 and the second coupler 91 may select optical fiber couplers with different splitting ratios according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 7, optionally, the first filter 50 includes a fiber bragg grating for reflecting the pump light and the backward brillouin laser light, transmitting a dissipative kerr soliton frequency comb; the microwave generation system further comprises a second circulator 31, wherein a first end of the second circulator 31 is connected with a first output end of the second coupler 91, a second end of the second circulator 31 is connected with an input end of the first filter 50, and a third end of the second circulator 31 is connected with a spectrometer 95; spectrometer 95 is also used to measure the output spectrum of the third end of second circulator 31.
It should be noted that the foregoing are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and in practical implementation, a combination of optical devices may be selected according to practical requirements to meet practical application requirements. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another microwave generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the present embodiment provides a specific example based on the above embodiment. Referring to fig. 8, the optical soliton generation system includes a wavelength tunable light source 10, an optical amplifier 11, a tunable attenuator 80, a second filter 51, a polarization controller 20, a first circulator 30, an optical fiber 40, a first filter 50, an optical microcavity 60, a first photodetector 70, a first coupler 90, a second coupler 91, a second photodetector 92, a third photodetector 93, an oscilloscope 94, a spectrometer 95, a spectrometer 96, and a phase noise meter 97. The wavelength-tunable light source 10 is a 1550nm tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL, Toptica CTL1550), the optical amplifier 11 is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), the first filter 50 is a fiber Bragg grating, the optical microcavity 60 is a silicon oxide microdisk cavity with the diameter of 6mm, the thickness of 8 μm and the inclination angle of about 10 degrees, and the optical microcavity 60 is manufactured by a standard photoetching process and hydrofluoric acid wet etching, so that the large-scale production can be realized. The pump light is amplified by the optical amplifier 11, passes through the adjustable attenuator 80(VOA), the second filter 51(TBF), the polarization controller 20(FPC) and the first circulator 30(Circular) in sequence, and is coupled into the optical microcavity 60 by a tapered optical fiber. The forward transmitted light is converted to an electrical signal by the second photodetector 92(PD2) and sent to an oscilloscope 94(OSC) to display the forward transmission spectrum. The backward brillouin laser and optical soliton in the same direction as the pump light are input through the second end of the first circulator 30, and the output of the third end is divided into two paths by the second coupler 91. One path enters a spectrometer 95(OSA) to observe the condition of Kerr optical frequency comb; the other path of the reflected pump light and the backward brillouin laser light are filtered by the first filter 50(FBG), and then divided into two paths by the first coupler 90, one path of the reflected pump light is sent to the third photodetector 93(PD3) to observe the generation of steps in the reverse transmission spectrum, the other path of the reflected pump light enters the first photodetector 70(PD1) to generate a microwave signal, and the microwave signal characteristic is observed by the spectrometer 96(ESA) and the phase noise meter 97(PNA), wherein the phase noise meter adopted in the embodiment is APPH 40G. Wherein the pump light reflected by the first filter 50 and the backward brillouin laser light output from the third terminal of the second circulator 31 can also be received by the spectrometer 95.
FIG. 9 shows a pump according to an embodiment of the inventionReferring to FIG. 9, the intrinsic quality factor (Q) values of the pump mode and Brillouin mode were measured to be 5.47 × 10, respectively, at low power using a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer to calibrate the frequency of the laser light7、9.54×107. Wherein, the thin solid line is the transmission spectrum of the pumping mode and the Brillouin mode measured in the experiment, and the thick solid line is the curve obtained by Lorentz fitting.
After the well-chosen pumping mode and brillouin mode, the pumping power is adjusted to a higher level so that it far exceeds the threshold of the brillouin laser. In this embodiment, the power of the pump light is adjusted to 118mW, the frequency scanning speed of the pump light is set to be about 350MHz/ms, and the coupling between the optical microcavity and the fiber taper structure and the polarization state of the pump light are adjusted until the brillouin laser and the optical comb can be seen on the spectrometer, and an obvious step appears in the transmission spectrum of the optical comb power on the oscilloscope, which means that a soliton is generated. Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of waveforms collected by an oscilloscope according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 10, where the pump light transmission spectrum is the forward optical power detected by the second photodetector 92(PD2), and the optical comb transmission spectrum is the backward optical power detected by the third photodetector 93(PD3), the increasing power of the soliton step as the wavelength of the pump light increases indicates that the number of solitons gradually increases until the step disappears to reach the chaotic state. In this embodiment, the pumping mode is in an overcoupling state, and the brillouin mode is in a weak coupling state.
In this embodiment, the soliton step is longer, and the pump light is in the blue detuning with respect to the pumping mode, and the soliton can be generated by changing the wavelength of the pump light by manually adjusting the laser piezoelectricity through a thermal locking method. The pump wavelength can be reduced after obtaining the multi-soliton state by a back-to-back adjustment method, and the single soliton state is obtained. Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the spectrum and the frequency spectrum of two soliton states obtained in the example of the present invention. Where fig. 11(a) is a reverse spectral diagram, the comb line represented by the peak at the center of the soliton spectrum is brillouin laser, and the backscattered pump laser cannot be distinguished due to the limitation of the spectrometer resolution (0.02 nm). Fig. 11(b) is a graph showing the frequency spectrum of a microwave signal with a center frequency of 11.14GHz generated by the multiple solitons and the single solitons shown in fig. 11(a) measured by a high-speed detector and a spectrometer in a free running state, wherein the spectral line width is both in the 100Hz level (resolution bandwidth RBW is 100Hz), which is smaller than the spectral kHz line width level of a microwave signal based on the soliton frequency comb generated by directly pumping laser emitted from a diode laser.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a phase noise curve of a microwave signal tested by a phase noise meter according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the embodiment of the present invention, an optical microcavity used is a silicon oxide microdisk cavity, a laser is an external cavity diode laser, the phase noise levels of multiple solitons and single solitons are close, the phase noise (SSB phase noise) of a single sideband is-33 dBc/Hz @10Hz, -111dBc/Hz @10kHz, -139dBc/Hz @1MHz, the phase noise is significantly lower than the soliton phase noise after PDH locking by using the external cavity diode laser as a pumping source for generating a soliton frequency comb in the silicon oxide microcavity, and a complicated adjusting method and locking technique are not required, which is favorable for miniaturization of a microwave generating system.
In other embodiments, two optical micro-cavities can be used to realize the kerr soliton, the first micro-cavity realizes the brillouin laser, the output brillouin laser is amplified and modulated to realize the kerr soliton in the second micro-cavity, and a microwave signal with low phase noise is obtained; microwave signals or THz signals of other bands can also be realized by using the brillouin-kerr soliton.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave generation system is characterized by comprising a wavelength-adjustable light source, a polarization controller, a first circulator, an optical fiber, a first filter, an optical microcavity and a first photodetector;
the output end of the wavelength-tunable light source is connected with the input end of the polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with the first end of the first circulator, the second end of the first circulator is connected with the optical fiber, the third end of the first circulator is connected with the input end of the first filter, and the output end of the first filter is connected with the first photodetector;
the optical fiber extends from the second end of the first circulator to the optical microcavity, the optical fiber extending to the optical microcavity comprises a tapered structure, and the optical fiber is coupled with the optical microcavity through the tapered structure;
the optical microcavity comprises a substrate, a supporting column and a cavity, wherein the supporting column and the cavity are positioned on one side of the substrate;
the wavelength-adjustable light source is used for providing pump light, and the pump light is coupled into the optical fiber after passing through the polarization controller and the first circulator;
the polarization controller is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the pump light so as to adjust the coupling efficiency of the pump light and the optical microcavity;
the pump light is coupled into the optical microcavity through the conical structure, the pump light excites backward Brillouin laser in the optical microcavity, the backward Brillouin laser generates a four-wave mixing effect in the optical microcavity, and a dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is generated;
the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is coupled into the optical fiber, is input from the second end of the first circulator and is output from the third end of the first circulator;
the first filter is used for filtering the pumping light and the backward Brillouin laser, so that the dissipative Kerr soliton frequency comb is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector to generate a microwave signal.
2. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising an optical amplifier disposed between the wavelength tunable light source and the polarization controller, the optical amplifier configured to amplify the pump light.
3. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 2, wherein the optical amplifier is a semiconductor optical amplifier;
the microwave generation system further comprises a first collimator, an optical isolator and a second collimator;
the first collimator, the semiconductor optical amplifier, the optical isolator and the second collimator are sequentially arranged between the wavelength-tunable light source and the polarization controller along a light path;
the input end of the first collimator is coupled with the output end of the wavelength-adjustable light source and is used for collimating the pump light and then inputting the collimated pump light into the semiconductor optical amplifier;
the semiconductor optical amplifier is used for amplifying the pump light;
the optical isolator is used for enabling the amplified pump light to be transmitted in a single direction;
and the output end of the second collimator is connected with the input end of the polarization controller.
4. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 2, wherein the optical amplifier is a fiber amplifier;
the wavelength-adjustable light source is connected with the input end of the optical fiber amplifier;
and the output end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected with the polarization controller.
5. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 2, further comprising a second filter disposed between the optical amplifier and the polarization controller, the second filter configured to filter spontaneous emission light of the optical amplifier.
6. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 2, further comprising an adjustable attenuator disposed between the optical amplifier and the polarization controller, the adjustable attenuator configured to adjust the output power of the amplified pump light.
7. The microwave generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a first coupler, a second photodetector, a third photodetector, an oscilloscope, a spectrometer, and a phase noise meter;
the optical fiber extending from the optical microcavity is connected with the second photodetector, the output end of the first filter is connected with the input end of the first coupler, the first output end of the first coupler is connected with the third photodetector, the second output end of the first coupler is connected with the first photodetector, the first photodetector is connected with the frequency spectrograph and the phase noise instrument, the second photodetector and the third photodetector are both connected with the oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is used for outputting time domain waveforms detected by the second photodetector and the third photodetector, and the frequency spectrograph and the phase noise instrument are used for measuring the frequency spectrum and the phase noise of microwave signals respectively;
the input end of the second coupler is connected with the third end of the first circulator, the first output end of the second coupler is connected with the input end of the first filter, the second output end of the second coupler is connected with the spectrometer, and the spectrometer is used for measuring the output spectrum of the second output end of the second coupler.
8. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 7, wherein the first filter comprises a fiber bragg grating for reflecting the pump light and the back brillouin laser light, transmitting the dissipative kerr soliton frequency comb;
the microwave generation system further comprises a second circulator, wherein a first end of the second circulator is connected with a first output end of the second coupler, a second end of the second circulator is connected with an input end of the first filter, and a third end of the second circulator is connected with the spectrometer;
the spectrometer is further configured to measure an output spectrum of a third end of the second circulator.
9. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the wavelength tunable light source is a wavelength tunable laser.
10. A microwave generation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the substrate material of the optical microcavity comprises silicon and the material of the cavity comprises silicon dioxide.
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