CN111544079A - Construction method of individual mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system - Google Patents
Construction method of individual mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system Download PDFInfo
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- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method of an individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system, which comprises the steps of designing a mandible model after a reconstruction operation according to an ideal mandible reconstruction shape, designing a virtual individualized titanium plate model, designing mandible positioning nail ways at corresponding positions of the titanium plate model and mandible remaining bone section models at two sides, designing bone section positioning nail ways at corresponding positions of the titanium plate model and each bone section for supplying, designing a mandible cutting guide plate model, designing a bone cutting shaping guide plate model for supplying, and 3D printing and manufacturing an individualized titanium plate, a mandible cutting guide plate and a bone cutting shaping guide plate for supplying of a solid body. The method is more favorable for realizing the accurate positioning between the individualized guide plate system and the mandible of the patient, the construction process of the guide plate system is optimized to be more convenient and efficient, and the matching accurate positioning between the residual bone segments of the mandible, the bone segments of the supply area and the titanium plate can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mandible defect reconstruction medical instruments, and particularly relates to a construction method of an individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system.
Background
The mandible is the only motile bone of the maxillofacial region, plays a key role in the functions of chewing, swallowing, speaking and the like, is positioned in the lower third of the face and is closely related to the beauty of the face. Because of many maxillofacial diseases such as oral cancer, osteoporosis, osteomyelitis and bisphosphonate-related necrosis of the jaw bone, or because of severe maxillofacial trauma, which causes a defect in the mandible, severely affecting the function and facial morphology of the mandible, continuous mandible resection is generally required. Reconstruction of a mandibular defect is a complex and time consuming task for surgeons.
Continuous reconstruction of the mandible and its soft tissue coverage can be achieved using non-vascularized grafts or free vascularized bone flaps. The sources of autografts include fibula, ilium, scapula, clavicle, rib, etc., since Taylor et al first used a vascularized free fibula skin flap as a usable source for bone reconstruction in 1975, which has become the first choice for the structural and functional reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects.
Mandible defect reconstruction is closely related to facial function and morphology recovery, and accurate and safe operation is required in all stages of the operation. Conventional surgery converts the fibula into a curved shape of the mandible according to the experience of the surgeon, which affects the accuracy of the positioning of the condyles and the morphological reconstruction of the mandible. With the rapid development and application of computer-assisted surgery technology, virtual surgery design and CAD/CAM technology have been increasingly and widely applied to fibula reconstruction mandible surgery. The technique can improve the accuracy of mandible osteotomy, donor position bone collection and bone graft placement, shorten the operation time and further improve the safety of the operation.
The most commonly adopted computer-assisted surgery technology at present is that CT data of the maxilla and the lower limb of a patient are utilized to carry out three-dimensional modeling on the jawbone and the fibula; then, according to clinical needs, the mandible model is cut or trimmed, and the fibula is placed at the mandible defect part by combining the ideal form of the mandible, so as to form the mandible model after the operation; and finally, manufacturing a lower jaw bone model of the entity through a 3D printing technology. At this time, the titanium plate can be pre-bent before operation according to the shape of the mandible model; then, punching the corresponding position of the model according to the hole position of the titanium plate to obtain a punched mandible model, or fixing the titanium plate on the model by using a plastic ligature wire or a titanium nail to obtain the mandible model with the titanium plate; then, carrying out secondary scanning on the mandible model which is punched or has a titanium plate; and finally, designing and manufacturing the mandible bone cutting guide plate and the fibula bone cutting guide plate according to the data of the secondary scanning. Therefore, the guide plate has the functions of assisting in bone cutting and nail hole positioning, and therefore the positioning accuracy of the bone segments and the pre-bent titanium plate is improved. When the guide plate is applied to part of cases, the positions of fibula and residual bone segments in mandible reconstruction can be verified to be consistent with a preoperative plan by matching with a computer-assisted navigation technology, and the bone segments are correspondingly adjusted according to a navigation result.
The mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system (comprising the pre-bent titanium plate, the mandible bone cutting guide plate and the fibula bone cutting guide plate) manufactured by the method in the prior art can basically meet the needs of most mandible reconstruction, but in practical application, the defects in the following aspects still exist:
first, the prebending of the titanium plate is performed preoperatively according to the mandible model, and due to the difference of clinical experience of surgeons, human errors exist, and part of the titanium plate cannot be sufficiently attached to the reconstructed mandible bone surface. The titanium plate can slide when being contacted with the residual bone section of the mandible of a patient in the operation, and the position of the titanium plate in the operation can not be kept consistent with the position of the titanium plate in the design when the titanium plate is fixed, so that the positioning error of the titanium plate implantation is caused.
Second, owing to there is the problem that the prebending titanium plate can not fully laminate mandible model, and subsequent titanium nail hole location, mandible cut bone baffle preparation and fibula cut bone baffle preparation all use the titanium plate of this prebending as the basis, can cause the preparation of follow-up baffle system to produce the deviation, influence the accurate implementation in the operation, and then influence the operation treatment effect that the mandible is defected and rebuilds, the easy postoperative complications such as interlock function disorder that appear, facial widen, temporomandibular joint dislocation.
Thirdly, the solution of positioning the pre-bent titanium plate in the prior art is to perform secondary scanning on the punched or titanium-plated mandible model, and then design and manufacture the mandible osteotomy guide plate and the fibula osteotomy guide plate according to the data of the secondary scanning. On one hand, the manufacturing process needs to carry out secondary scanning, and the time is consumed; on the other hand, the data obtained by the secondary scanning may increase the error of nail hole positioning due to metal artifacts or low imaging resolution.
Fourth, present fibula cuts bone conduction board and has just fixed a position the osteotomy length and the position of different bone sections purely, when shifting free fibula to the jawbone defect department, still need the surgeon according to self clinical experience, consume the form of each bone section osteotomy face of time adjustment fibula, get rid of early contact surface, match with the titanium board, unable accurate positioning titanium board and fibula section have great error.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a construction method of an individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system, which is more favorable for realizing accurate positioning between the individualized guide plate system and the mandible of a patient, optimizes the construction process of the guide plate system, is simpler and more efficient, and can realize accurate positioning of matching between residual mandible bone sections, all bone cutting sections of donor bones and titanium plates.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is to provide a construction method of an individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing imaging examination on a patient to acquire skull CT data and donor area bone CT data of the patient;
(2) importing the skull CT data and the supply area bone CT data into computer three-dimensional model design software, and performing three-dimensional model reconstruction on craniomaxillofacial bones and supply area bones of a patient;
(3) cutting or trimming the mandible model to obtain a mandible remaining bone section model, cutting and shaping the bone model of the supply area, moving the bone section of the supply area to the defect part of the mandible model, and designing and reconstructing the mandible model after the operation according to the ideal reconstruction form of the mandible;
(4) designing a virtual individualized titanium plate model according to the bone surface morphology of the virtually reconstructed mandible model, so that the titanium plate model is connected with the mandible remaining bone section model and the bone section of the defect part and is attached to the bone surface of the virtually reconstructed mandible model;
(5) according to the position of the individualized titanium plate model, designing mandible positioning nail tracks at the corresponding positions of the titanium plate model and the mandible remaining bone section models at two sides, and designing bone section positioning nail tracks for supplying areas at the corresponding positions of the titanium plate model and each bone section for supplying areas;
(6) respectively designing fitted mandible osteotomy guide plate models according to the bone surface shapes of the mandible residual bone section models on the two sides, designing an osteotomy groove structure on the mandible osteotomy guide plate model according to the osteotomy position and direction, and designing a mandible osteotomy positioning nail hole on the mandible osteotomy guide plate model according to the position and direction of the mandible positioning nail path;
(7) resetting a bone supplying section with a bone supplying section positioning nail path at the defect part of the mandible model to the original position of the bone supplying section model, designing a bone supplying section cutting shaping guide plate model which is attached to the bone supplying section model according to the bone surface shape of the required bone supplying section, designing a bone cutting groove on the bone supplying section cutting shaping guide plate model according to the bone cutting position and direction, and designing a bone supplying section positioning nail hole on the bone supplying section cutting shaping guide plate model according to the position of the bone supplying section positioning nail path;
(8) the individualized titanium plate model, the mandible bone cutting guide plate model and the supply area bone cutting shaping guide plate model which are obtained through design are exported in an STL format and are printed and manufactured through 3D, and the individualized titanium plate, the mandible bone cutting guide plate and the supply area bone cutting shaping guide plate of the entity are obtained.
In the step (5), the number of the mandible positioning nail paths designed on the mandible remaining bone section models on each side is more than three, and the number of the supply area bone section positioning nail paths designed on the supply area bone sections on each section is more than two.
In the step (5), the design directions of the mandible positioning nail path and the bone section positioning nail path for the supply area are in a vertical relation with the whole bone surface at the corresponding position.
And (5) designing a cylindrical titanium nail model in the mandible positioning nail channel, and positioning the design of the mandible osteotomy positioning nail hole by using the cylindrical titanium nail model in the step (6).
And (5) designing a cylindrical titanium nail model in the positioning nail channel of the bone supply section, and positioning the design of the positioning nail hole of the bone supply section by using the cylindrical titanium nail model in the step (7).
The supply region bone is fibula, ilium or scapula of the patient.
Advantageous effects
Firstly, in the invention, the titanium plate in the individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system is manufactured in a 3D printing mode after being modeled by a computer, so that the existence of artificial errors in the prebending process of the titanium plate is avoided, the titanium plate can be ensured to be fully attached to the mandible bone surface of a patient, the individualized titanium plate manufactured by the method can not slide when being fixed to the residual bone segment of the mandible of the patient, the consistent relation between the fixed position of the titanium plate in the operation and the fixed position of a titanium plate model in the design can be realized, and the individualized accurate positioning of the titanium plate is realized.
Secondly, the invention completes the design of the mandible positioning nail track and the supplied area bone section positioning nail track on the basis of the individualized titanium plate model, and further completes the design of the mandible bone cutting positioning nail hole on the mandible bone cutting guide plate and the supplied area bone section positioning nail hole of the supplied area bone cutting shaping guide plate according to the design, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the positioning and matching of the titanium nail holes among the mandible remaining bone section model, the supplied area bone section model, the titanium plate model, the mandible bone cutting guide plate model and the supplied area bone cutting shaping guide plate model, and avoiding the titanium nail hole positioning error increased by the titanium plate pre-bending human error and the secondary scanning image error in the prior art.
Thirdly, the invention can consistently transfer the relation of accurate positioning and matching of the titanium nail hole formed in the model design to an entity to realize, ensure that the individualized titanium plate, the residual bone segments of the mandible and the bone segments of the donor area can be fixed at the unique position in the operation, improve the operation precision of mandible defect reconstruction, achieve the effect of approaching the ideal reconstruction form of the mandible in the virtual operation design more, and be beneficial to reducing the time for adjusting and trimming the bone segments clinically, thereby shortening the operation time and reducing the operation wound.
Fourthly, the method avoids the steps of printing the solid model of the repaired mandible model and subsequently scanning the solid model for the second time to obtain the virtual model in the prior art, is beneficial to reducing errors generated by the model in the process, optimizes the construction process of the guide plate system and enables the whole construction process to be simpler, more convenient and more efficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mandible model after virtual reconstruction in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a virtual individualized titanium plate model in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a right mandible osteotomy guide model of a patient according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a left mandible osteotomy guide model of a patient according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a supplying area bone (fibula) osteotomy shaping guide model in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
A construction method of an individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system, which adopts fibula as a supply area bone, comprises the following steps:
(1) and performing imaging examination on the patient to acquire skull CT data and donor area bone CT data of the patient, wherein the imaging data is stored in a DICOM format.
(2) And importing the obtained skull CT data and supply area bone CT data into computer three-dimensional model design software, and performing three-dimensional model reconstruction on craniomaxillofacial bones and supply area bones (fibulas) of the patient.
(3) The mandible model is cut or trimmed to obtain a mandible remaining bone section model 1, the bone section 2 of the supplied area is moved to the defect part of the mandible model after the bone of the supplied area is cut and shaped, and the mandible model after the operation is reconstructed according to the ideal reconstruction form of the mandible, as shown in figure 1. During the process, attention is paid to maintain the original position of the remaining bone segment, or the remaining bone segment is adjusted to a desired position, and the width of the mandible is controlled.
(4) And designing a virtual individualized titanium plate model 3 according to the bone surface morphology of the virtually reconstructed mandible model, so that the titanium plate model 3 is connected with the mandible remaining bone segment model 1 and the bone segment 2 of the defect part and is attached to the bone surface of the reconstructed mandible model.
(5) According to the position of the titanium plate model 3, more than 3 mandible positioning nail channels 4 are designed at the corresponding positions of the titanium plate model 3 and the mandible remaining bone section models 1 at two sides, and 2 supply area bone section positioning nail channels 5 are respectively designed at the corresponding positions of the titanium plate model 3 and each supply area bone section 2. According to the positions of the mandible positioning nail path 4 and the bone supplying section positioning nail path 5, a cylindrical titanium nail model 12 which penetrates through the nail path and is perpendicular to the surface of the bone at the corresponding position as much as possible is designed, as shown in fig. 2.
(6) According to the bone surface morphology of the mandible residual bone section models 1 on the two sides, the mandible bone cutting guide plate model 6 which is attached to the bone surface morphology is designed respectively, and a bone cutting groove structure 7 is designed on the mandible bone cutting guide plate model 6 according to the bone cutting position and the bone cutting direction. And designing a mandible osteotomy positioning nail hole 8 on the mandible osteotomy guide plate model 6 according to the position and the direction of the titanium nail model 12 on the mandible remaining bone segment model 1 to obtain the mandible osteotomy guide plate model 6 with the structure shown in figures 3 and 4.
(7) And (3) resetting the bone section 2 with the bone section positioning nail path 5 of the lower jaw bone model defect part to the original position of the bone model of the bone section. According to the bone surface shape of the required supplying area bone, a supplying area bone cutting shaping guide plate model 9 which is attached to the supplying area bone is designed, and according to the bone cutting position and the bone cutting direction, a bone cutting groove 10 is designed on the supplying area bone cutting shaping guide plate model 9. And designing a positioning nail hole 11 for the bone section of the supplying area on the bone cutting and shaping guide plate model 9 according to the position of the titanium nail model 12 on the bone section 2 of the supplying area to obtain the bone cutting and shaping guide plate model 9 of the supplying area with the structure shown in figure 5.
(8) The individualized titanium plate model 3, the mandible bone cutting guide plate model 6 and the supply area bone cutting shaping guide plate model 9 which are obtained through design are exported in an STL format and are printed and manufactured through 3D, and the individualized titanium plate, the mandible bone cutting guide plate and the supply area bone cutting shaping guide plate of the entity are obtained.
When the obtained individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system is used in an operation, the system can be divided into an affected area operation group and an area supply operation group:
after the mandible is fully exposed, the affected area operation group wears the mandible osteotomy guide plate and prepares a nail path on the mandible according to a positioning nail hole on the mandible osteotomy guide plate; fixing the mandible osteotomy guide plate on the mandible by using a titanium nail; the saw blade cuts bones along the bone cutting groove, or shapes of remaining bone segments of the mandible are trimmed; and taking out the titanium nail, detaching the guide plate, implanting the personalized titanium plate, and fixing the titanium plate by using the titanium nail again by using the original nail path. Virtual individuation titanium plate model 3 processes into implantable entity titanium plate through 3D printing technique, because the nail way that the nail hole was confirmed is the same with the nail way that individuation titanium plate was implanted when the design for the mandible cut bone baffle, and the mandible cut bone baffle can provide the function that individuation titanium plate implanted the nail way location promptly, so utilize a plurality of the same nail holes, can carry out accurate location to the implantation of individuation titanium plate.
After the fibula is fully exposed, the operation group of the supply area wears the bone cutting and shaping guide plate of the supply area, and a nail path is prepared according to the positioning nail holes of the bone cutting and shaping guide plate of the supply area; fixing a bone cutting and shaping guide plate of the donor area on the fibula by using a titanium nail; the saw blade cuts bones along the bone cutting groove, and shapes each bone segment of the fibula; taking out the titanium nail, lift off and supply the moulding baffle of district's bone osteotomy, transfer the fibula bone section that moulding is good to the defective department of mandible, utilize the nail way that forms on the fibula bone section and the nail hole on the titanium board, reuse titanium nail fixes each bone section of fibula and titanium board. Because when supplying the design of moulding baffle of district's bone osteotomy, the nail way that the nail hole was confirmed is the same with the nail way that supplies the transplantation of district's bone section, supplies the moulding baffle of district's bone osteotomy to provide the function that the guide supplies the district's bone section to take one's place promptly, so utilize a plurality of the same nail holes, can carry out accurate location to the transplantation of each fibula bone section.
Under this baffle system is rebuild to mandible defect is supplementary, realize individuation titanium board and the remaining bone section of mandible, supply the accurate matching of district's bone section, the surgeon can be according to virtual operation design scheme before the art, and the operation is implemented to accurate in the art, accomplishes the defective rebuilding of mandible to reach and approach the effect that the form was rebuild to the mandible ideal in the virtual operation design.
Claims (6)
1. A method of constructing an individualized mandible defect reconstruction guide plate system, comprising the steps of:
(1) performing imaging examination on a patient to acquire skull CT data and donor area bone CT data of the patient;
(2) importing the skull CT data and the supply area bone CT data into computer three-dimensional model design software, and performing three-dimensional model reconstruction on craniomaxillofacial bones and supply area bones of a patient;
(3) cutting or trimming the mandible model to obtain a mandible remaining bone section model (1), cutting and shaping the bone model of the supply area, moving the bone section (2) of the supply area to the defect part of the mandible model, and designing and reconstructing the mandible model after the operation according to the ideal reconstruction form of the mandible;
(4) designing a virtual individualized titanium plate model (3) according to the bone surface morphology of the mandible model after virtual reconstruction, so that the titanium plate model (3) is connected with the mandible remaining bone section model (1) and the bone section (2) of the defect part and is attached to the bone surface of the mandible model after reconstruction;
(5) according to the position of the individualized titanium plate model (3), mandible positioning nail tracks (4) are designed at the corresponding positions of the titanium plate model (3) and the mandible remaining bone section models (1) at the two sides, and supply area bone section positioning nail tracks (5) are designed at the corresponding positions of the titanium plate model (3) and each supply area bone section (2);
(6) respectively designing a lower jawbone cutting guide plate model (6) which is attached to each other according to the bone surface shape of the remaining bone section models (1) of the lower jawbone at two sides, designing a cutting groove structure (7) on the lower jawbone cutting guide plate model (6) according to the cutting position and direction, and designing a lower jawbone cutting positioning nail hole (8) on the lower jawbone cutting guide plate model (6) according to the position and direction of the lower jawbone positioning nail path (4);
(7) resetting a bone section (2) of a lower jaw bone model defect part with a bone section positioning nail channel (5) of a supplying area to an original position of the bone model of the supplying area, designing a bone section shaping guide plate model (9) of the supplying area which is jointed with the bone section positioning nail channel according to the bone surface shape of the needed supplying area, designing a bone section groove (10) on the bone section shaping guide plate model (9) of the supplying area according to the bone section position and the bone section direction, and designing a bone section positioning nail hole (11) of the supplying area on the bone section shaping guide plate model (9) of the supplying area according to the position of the bone section positioning nail channel (5) of the supplying area;
(8) the individualized titanium plate model (3), the mandible bone cutting guide plate model (6) and the supply area bone cutting shaping guide plate model (9) which are obtained through design are exported in an STL format and are printed and manufactured through 3D, and the individualized titanium plate, the mandible bone cutting guide plate and the supply area bone cutting shaping guide plate of the entity are obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: in the step (5), the mandible positioning nail channels (4) designed on the mandible remaining bone section models (1) on each side are more than three, and the number of the supply area bone section positioning nail channels (5) designed on the supply area bone sections (2) on each section is more than two.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: in the step (5), the design directions of the mandible positioning nail path (4) and the bone section positioning nail path (5) are in a vertical relation with the whole bone surface at the corresponding position.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: in the step (5), a cylindrical titanium nail model (12) is designed in the mandible positioning nail channel (4), and in the step (6), the cylindrical titanium nail model (12) is utilized to position the design of the mandible osteotomy positioning nail hole (8).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: in the step (5), a cylindrical titanium nail model (12) is designed in the bone supply section positioning nail channel (5), and in the step (7), the cylindrical titanium nail model (12) is used for positioning the design of the bone supply section positioning nail hole (11).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the supply region bone is fibula, ilium or scapula of the patient.
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| CN112785691A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-11 | 北京大学口腔医学院 | Mandible defect reconstruction method, device electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112842530A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-28 | 北京大学口腔医学院 | Method for manufacturing jaw bone operation guide plate and repairing implant false tooth in same period of reconstruction |
| CN113017765A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-25 | 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 | Integrated mandible osteotomy external fixation device and use method |
| CN114005341A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-01 | 四川大学 | Orthognathic surgery teaching mould and use method thereof |
| CN114159178A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-03-11 | 北京大学口腔医学院 | Immediate denture repair method for implant implantation in jaw bone reconstruction synchronization |
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