CN111543134A - Saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure and drainage and salt discharge method without influencing ground greening planting and landscape - Google Patents
Saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure and drainage and salt discharge method without influencing ground greening planting and landscape Download PDFInfo
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- CN111543134A CN111543134A CN202010510813.0A CN202010510813A CN111543134A CN 111543134 A CN111543134 A CN 111543134A CN 202010510813 A CN202010510813 A CN 202010510813A CN 111543134 A CN111543134 A CN 111543134A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
- E02B11/005—Drainage conduits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without influencing on ground greening planting and landscapes, which comprises a plurality of blind ditches, branch ditches and dry ditches, wherein the blind ditches are laid on a saline soil foundation; the invention also discloses a saline soil drainage and salt discharge method without influencing the overground greening planting and landscapes. The drainage and salt elimination effect of the invention is greatly improved, the phenomenon of green plant death caused by unsmooth drainage can be effectively reduced, the invention is especially suitable for saline soil areas with high shallow underground water level, high soil viscosity or unsmooth drainage, the underground drainage and salt elimination network structure of blind ditches, drainage and salt elimination branch ditches and drainage and salt elimination dry ditches is innovatively adopted, the drainage and salt elimination can be ingeniously combined with landscapes, more landscaping plants which are easily damaged by salt can be planted in the saline soil areas, especially in heavily saline soil areas, and the ecological greening of the saline soil is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline soil improvement and greening construction, in particular to a saline soil drainage and salt elimination structure and a drainage and salt elimination method which do not affect overground greening planting and landscapes.
Background
The salinized soil, particularly coastal salinized soil, has short silting and land forming time, poor soil structure, low organic matter content, generally higher shallow underground water level, high salt content, strong change of salt along with water movement, large annual change of salt and easy unsmooth drainage due to high soil viscosity. When landscaping engineering construction is carried out on the area, the problem of draining water and salt in the saline soil area is considered firstly.
At present, the drainage and salt discharge of the saline soil mainly comprises the following two measures:
1. the soil water drainage and salt discharge measures aim at improving soil and fitting trees. Engineering measures such as fresh water salt washing, underground pipe alkali discharge, ditching and salt discharge are utilized to reduce the underground water level and reduce the soil salinity, but some side effects are brought. For example, by means of salt-washing and-removing measures with fresh water, except for Na+、Cl-Besides the plasma discharge, some essential minerals of plants in the soil are also discharged, and the measure has high cost and is limited by fresh water resources;
2. the saline soil is used for biological improvement aiming at selecting proper soil for trees. Screening and cultivating different salt-tolerant plants to adapt to different saline soil. Domestic and foreign research shows that biological improvement measures are the best way to develop and utilize saline soil, but the process needs a long time.
At present, the coastal greening technology in the north of China mainly comprises salt discharge facilities, terrain elevation, organic fertilizer improvement, artificial soil development by using wastes and the like, and the coastal greening technology in the south mainly comprises the steps of constructing a water and salt discharge system by taking measures of raising the terrain according to local conditions, reducing the underground water level of an area and the like, a soil dressing method, a bottom isolation measure for preventing salt return, comprehensive utilization of wastes and improvement of saline soil and the like. However, the drainage and salt-removal effects of the above measures are not good.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure and a drainage and salt discharge method which do not affect overground greening planting and landscapes, are suitable for saline soil areas on the coast and inland, and are particularly suitable for saline soil areas with high shallow underground water level, high soil viscosity or unsmooth drainage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure does not affect overground greening and landscapes and comprises a plurality of blind ditches, branch ditches and dry ditches which are paved on a saline soil foundation, wherein the blind ditches are connected to the branch ditches, the branch ditches are connected to the dry ditches, and the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches are all paved at positions above an underground water level and below the saline soil foundation ground.
As a preferable scheme, one end of the blind ditch far away from the branch ditch is connected with the tree pit, and the trunk ditch can be connected with the open ditch of the flat land or the green land water area.
As a preferred scheme, the depths of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches are 100-120 cm, the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches comprise filling material layers paved on the surfaces of the saline soil, and the thicknesses of the filling material layers are not less than 20 cm.
As a preferable scheme, the filling material comprises broken stones, waste bricks and waste concrete blocks, and the particle size of the filling material is 2-10 cm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the distance between the filling material layer and the ground of the saline soil foundation is not less than 60 cm;
the blind ditch, the branch ditches and the dry ditch further comprise original soil layers, and the original soil layers are laid above the filling material layers.
As a preferred technical scheme, the size of the blind ditch is smaller than that of the branch ditch, and the size of the branch ditch is smaller than that of the dry ditch.
As a preferable technical scheme, the width of the blind ditch is not less than 20cm, and the depth is not less than 15 cm; the width of the branch trench is not less than 30cm, and the depth is not less than 20 cm; the width of the dry ditch is not less than 40cm, and the depth is not less than 30 cm.
As a preferred technical scheme, the cross sections of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the main ditches are all rectangular;
the slope of the joint of the blind ditch and the branch ditch and the slope of the joint of the branch ditch and the main ditch are not less than 5 percent.
The invention also provides a water draining and salt removing method without influencing the overground greening and landscapes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the depth of the shallow underground water level of the soil in the saline soil area is measured on site;
(2) digging out original soil at the positions of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches to be built according to the sizes of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches at the position above the shallow underground water level and not less than 60cm away from the ground, and stacking nearby;
(3) laying a filling material layer on the inner bottom surfaces of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches;
(4) connecting a plurality of blind ditches to branch ditches, connecting a plurality of branch ditches to a main ditch, and discharging the main ditch into a green land water area or a flat ditch;
(5) backfilling the dug original soil or the improved planting soil until reaching the elevation of the greening design.
Preferably, the step (1) assay method comprises: digging a soil pit downwards in a saline soil greening area, wherein the diameter of the soil pit is 30-50 cm, the depth of the soil pit is 100-120 cm, and after one day, if water seeps from the soil pit, the water level of a water seepage position is regarded as the depth of a shallow underground water level; if no water seeps out of the soil pit after 1 day, the shallow underground water level is considered to be below 100-120 cm underground;
and (4) setting the gradient of the joint of the blind ditch and the branch ditch and the gradient of the joint of the branch ditch and the trunk ditch to be not less than 5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the prior water and salt drainage technology, the water and salt drainage effect of the invention is greatly improved, the phenomenon of death of green plants caused by unsmooth water drainage can be effectively reduced, and the invention is particularly suitable for saline soil areas with high shallow underground water level, high soil viscosity or unsmooth water drainage;
2. compared with the highland ditch-branch ditch-dry ditch outward-discharging open ditch structure of the traditional agriculture and forestry, the invention innovatively adopts an underground water and salt drainage network structure of the blind ditch (under a planting soil layer), the water and salt drainage branch ditch (under the planting soil layer) and the water and salt drainage dry ditch (under the planting soil layer), and can skillfully combine water and salt drainage with landscape;
3. after the method is implemented, more landscaping plants which are easily damaged by salt can be planted in the saline soil area, particularly in the heavily saline soil area, so that the greening area and the plantable plant species in the saline soil area are increased, and the diversity of landscapes is enriched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the drainage and salt discharge structure of the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1-blind drain; 2-branch trench; 3-dry ditch; 4-tree pit; 5-leveling land and open ditch; 6-greenfield water area.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are exemplified and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following examples are illustrative and not limiting, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be directly contacting the first feature or the second feature through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," or "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," or "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.
A saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without influencing greening planting and landscapes on the ground is shown in figure 1 and comprises a plurality of blind ditches 1, branch ditches 2 and dry ditches 3 paved on a saline soil foundation, wherein the blind ditches 1 are connected to the branch ditches 2, the branch ditches 2 are connected to the dry ditches 3, and the blind ditches 1, the branch ditches 2 and the dry ditches 3 are all paved at positions above an underground water level and below the ground of the saline soil foundation.
In this embodiment, the blind ditch 1 is connected to the tree pit 4 at the end far away from the branch ditch 2, and the main ditch 3 can be connected to the open ditch 5 on the flat ground or the water area 6 on the green land, so that the whole device is in the shape of a tree. But the saline collection and aggregation efficiency of the "tree-like" system is much higher than that of the "parallel net-like" system in terms of saline collection and aggregation.
The depths of the blind ditch 1, the branch ditches 2 and the dry ditches 3 are 100-120 cm, the blind ditch 1, the branch ditches 2 and the dry ditches 3 respectively comprise filling material layers paved on the surface of the saline soil, and the thickness of each filling material layer is not less than 20 cm. The filling material of the filling material layer comprises broken stones, waste bricks, waste concrete blocks and the like, wherein the broken stones are the preferred filling material. The particle size of the filling material is controlled to be 2-10 cm, the particle size is 4-8 cm as an optimum range, and the filtering effect is good. Of course, the filling materials are not limited to the above three types, and other materials with better water permeability and water drainage performance, supporting performance, non-putrescibility, economical efficiency and environmental protection are also within the selection range of the "filling materials" in the invention.
The distance between the filling material layer and the saline soil foundation ground is not less than 60cm, so that the basic requirements of plant planting are met, and planting and landscape are not influenced. And the blind ditch 1, the branch ditch 2 and the dry ditch 3 further comprise an original soil layer, and the original soil layer is arranged above the filling material layer. The original soil layer can be original saline soil dug to be backfilled during construction, or improved planting soil and the like.
In terms of the size (width and depth (height)) of the furrows, the blind furrows 1 are smaller than the branch furrows 2, and the branch furrows 2 are smaller than the stem furrows 3.
The width of the blind ditch 1 is not less than 20cm, and the depth (height) is not less than 15 cm; the width of the branch trench 2 is not less than 30cm, and the depth is not less than 20 cm; the width of the dry ditch 3 is not less than 40cm, and the depth is not less than 30 cm. The cross sections of the blind ditches 1, the branch ditches 2 and the main ditches 3 are all rectangular. Thereby meeting the basic requirements of underground excavation engineering quantity and drainage and salt discharge.
The slope of the joint of the blind ditch 1 and the branch ditch 2 and the slope of the joint of the branch ditch 2 and the main ditch 3 are kept to be not less than 5 percent, so that the salt water can automatically flow to the branch ditch 2 from the blind ditch 1, then automatically flow into the main ditch 3 from the branch ditch 2, and finally automatically discharged into a green water area or a flat ditch from the main ditch 3, thereby facilitating the drainage and salt discharge.
The invention also provides a saline soil drainage and salt discharge method without influencing the overground greening species and landscapes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the depth of the shallow underground water level of the soil in the saline soil area is measured on site;
the determination method comprises the following steps: and (3) digging a soil pit downwards in a saline soil greening area, wherein the diameter of the soil pit is 30-50 cm, and the depth of the soil pit is 100-120 cm. And after one day, if water seeps from the soil pit, the water level of the water seepage position can be regarded as the depth of the shallow underground water level, and the positions of the blind ditch, the branch ditch and the dry ditch are arranged above the shallow underground water level line by 5-10 cm.
If no water seeps from the soil pit after 1 day, the shallow underground water level is below-100-120 cm, the blind ditch, the branch ditch and the dry ditch can be directly dug and paved at a position above 100cm below the ground, and the distance between a paved filling material layer and the ground is not less than 60 cm.
(2) Digging out original soil at the positions of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches to be built according to the sizes of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches at the position above the shallow underground water level and not less than 60cm away from the ground, and stacking nearby;
(3) laying a filling material layer on the inner bottom surfaces of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches;
(4) connecting a plurality of blind ditches to branch ditches, connecting a plurality of branch ditches to a trunk ditch, and discharging the trunk ditch into a green water area or a flat ditch, wherein the gradient of the joint of the blind ditches and the branch ditches and the gradient of the joint of the branch ditches and the trunk ditch are kept to be not less than 5%;
(5) backfilling the dug original soil or the improved planting soil until reaching the elevation of the greening design.
Test examples
The test is carried out on a certain greening project in the coastal industrial park of Jiangsu, Qidong, and the underground part of the greening project is implemented with the water and salt drainage structure and the water and salt drainage method. After the greening project is established and the operation is started for a period of time, soil samples on and near the drainage salt-removing ditch (dry ditch) are taken, and the salt content of the soil is measured, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 variation of salt content (g/kg) of soil on and near the drainage and salt discharge ditch (dry ditch)
Note: (1) taking 2016 for the first sampling, 4 months and 8 days, namely 5 days after planting construction is finished, wherein other sampling time is middle of the month; (2) sampling point positions: the No. 1 point is positioned right above a main ditch for draining water and salt, and the vertical distances between the No. 2 point and the No. 3 point and the No. 1 point or the main ditch are 0.5 meter and 1.5 meter respectively; (3) the backfill soil on the drainage and salt discharge ditch is the excavated original soil; (4) the soil is taken from coastal saline soil of a certain greening project in the industrial park of the Yangtze coast of Jiangsu.
The results from table 1 show that: the invention can effectively remove the salt in the saline soil area, particularly in the severe saline soil area, and achieve the effects of draining water and salt while realizing the function of draining water in the saline soil area.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be considered to be equivalent or modified within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure is characterized by comprising a plurality of blind ditches, branch ditches and dry ditches which are paved on a saline soil foundation, wherein the blind ditches are connected to the branch ditches, the branch ditches are connected to the dry ditches, and the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches are all paved at positions above an underground water level and below the saline soil foundation ground.
2. The saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without affecting overground greening and landscapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end of the blind ditch far away from the branch ditch is connected with the plant pit, and the trunk ditch can be connected with the open ditch of the flat land or the water area of the green land.
3. The saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without influencing on-ground greening and landscapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depths of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches are 100-120 cm, the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches comprise filling material layers laid on the surface of the saline soil, and the thickness of the filling material layers is not less than 20 cm.
4. The saline soil drainage and salt elimination structure without affecting overground greening and landscapes as claimed in claim 3, wherein the filling material comprises broken stones, waste bricks and waste concrete blocks, and the particle size of the filling material is 2-10 cm.
5. The saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without affecting overground greening and landscapes as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance between the filling material layer and the ground of the saline soil foundation is not less than 60 cm;
the blind ditch, the branch ditches and the dry ditch further comprise original soil layers, and the original soil layers are laid above the filling material layers.
6. The saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without affecting overground greening and landscapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the blind ditches is smaller than that of the branch ditches, and the size of the branch ditches is smaller than that of the dry ditches.
7. The saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without affecting overground greening and landscapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the blind ditch is not less than 20cm, and the depth of the blind ditch is not less than 15 cm; the width of the branch trench is not less than 30cm, and the depth is not less than 20 cm; the width of the dry ditch is not less than 40cm, and the depth is not less than 30 cm.
8. The saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure without affecting overground greening and landscapes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross sections of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches are rectangular;
the slope of the joint of the blind ditch and the branch ditch and the slope of the joint of the branch ditch and the main ditch are not less than 5 percent.
9. A saline soil drainage and salt discharge method without influencing on-ground greening and landscapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the depth of the shallow underground water level of the soil in the saline soil area is measured on site;
(2) digging out original soil at the positions of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches to be built according to the sizes of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches at the position above the shallow underground water level and not less than 60cm away from the ground, and stacking nearby;
(3) laying a filling material layer on the inner bottom surfaces of the blind ditches, the branch ditches and the dry ditches;
(4) connecting a plurality of blind ditches to branch ditches, connecting a plurality of branch ditches to a main ditch, and discharging the main ditch into a green land water area or a flat ditch;
(5) backfilling the dug original soil or the improved planting soil until reaching the elevation of the greening design.
10. The method for draining saline soil without affecting overground greening and landscaping of claim 9, wherein the step (1) of determining the method comprises: digging a soil pit downwards in a saline soil greening area, wherein the diameter of the soil pit is 30-50 cm, the depth of the soil pit is 100-120 cm, and after one day, if water seeps from the soil pit, the water level of a water seepage position is regarded as the depth of a shallow underground water level; if no water seeps out of the soil pit after 1 day, determining that the shallow underground water level is below 100-120 c m underground;
and (4) setting the gradient of the joint of the blind ditch and the branch ditch and the gradient of the joint of the branch ditch and the trunk ditch to be not less than 5%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010510813.0A CN111543134A (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2020-06-08 | Saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure and drainage and salt discharge method without influencing ground greening planting and landscape |
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| CN202010510813.0A CN111543134A (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2020-06-08 | Saline soil drainage and salt discharge structure and drainage and salt discharge method without influencing ground greening planting and landscape |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114531988A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-05-27 | 天津绿茵景观生态建设股份有限公司 | Desalination structure and desalination method for improving saline-alkali soil |
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2020
- 2020-06-08 CN CN202010510813.0A patent/CN111543134A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114531988A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-05-27 | 天津绿茵景观生态建设股份有限公司 | Desalination structure and desalination method for improving saline-alkali soil |
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