CN111537831B - Power distribution network line fault positioning method and device - Google Patents
Power distribution network line fault positioning method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111537831B CN111537831B CN202010252289.1A CN202010252289A CN111537831B CN 111537831 B CN111537831 B CN 111537831B CN 202010252289 A CN202010252289 A CN 202010252289A CN 111537831 B CN111537831 B CN 111537831B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for positioning a line fault of a power distribution network, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing a graph model based on the connection relation between transmission lines of the power distribution network and electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model; vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model, and embedding connection relations between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines and between the target transmission line and the injection to obtain a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node; and inputting the line characteristic vector into a trained prediction model to obtain the fault probability of the target transmission line. The method can comprehensively consider the connection relation of the power distribution network and the complexity of the load, and realize more accurate and timely fault positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a method and a device for positioning a power distribution network line fault.
Background
Power distribution systems are often threatened by faults that may result in a power outage. To improve the operational quality and reliability of the power distribution system, system operators must deal with faults in a timely manner. Therefore, after an accident occurs, it is crucial to accurately locate the fault in time and quickly clear the fault, so that quick repair can be achieved.
Therefore, in order to locate a fault, an impedance location method is known in which the line impedance is calculated based on the measured current and voltage values. There are "S" injection methods that combine location prediction of the ground point with single phase ground line detection. There is a fault location method of an FTU that implements fault location by calculation using parameters uploaded by a Feeder Terminal Unit FTU (Feeder Terminal Unit). There is also a traveling wave positioning method based on the traveling wave theory. In fact, due to the influences of transient resistance instability in a fault state, line asymmetry in a power distribution network system, topology complexity of a power distribution network, voltage and current converter errors and other factors, the effect of positioning the fault line realized by the method in an actual scene is not ideal.
It can be seen that the problems of poor positioning effect and untimely positioning exist in the current fault positioning mode due to the complexity of the connection relation and the load in the power distribution network.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention provides a method and a device for positioning a line fault of a power distribution network, which can comprehensively consider the connection relation of the power distribution network and the complexity of loads and realize more accurate and timely positioning of the fault.
In a first aspect, the present application provides the following technical solutions through an embodiment of the present application:
a power distribution network line fault positioning method comprises the following steps:
constructing a graph model based on the connection relation between transmission lines of the power distribution network and electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model, and embedding connection relations between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines and between the target transmission line and the injection to obtain a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node;
and inputting the line characteristic vector into a trained prediction model to obtain the fault probability of the target transmission line.
Preferably, the prediction model is a logistic regression model, and the training of the prediction model includes:
obtaining a training sample based on the historical data of the power distribution network; wherein the training sample comprises a fault condition of the target transmission line and a historical line feature vector of the target transmission;
training the logistic regression model based on the training samples and a preset loss function to obtain model parameters of the logistic regression model; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy function;
and obtaining the trained logistic regression model based on the model parameters of the logistic regression model.
Preferably, the logistic regression model is:
hθ(x)＝g(θTx),
wherein x is the line feature vector, θ is the model parameter, hθ(x) Is the probability of failure of the target transmission line.
Preferably, the vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model, and embedding connection relationships between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines, and between the target transmission line and the injection to obtain a line feature vector of the target transmission line includes:
based on the graph model, acquiring an injection characteristic vector, a line adjacency matrix and an injection adjacency matrix which respectively correspond to the target transmission line; wherein the injection eigenvectors represent attributes of the target transmission line and corresponding injections; the line adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line; the injection adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between injection and the target transmission line; based on a neural network, performing feature embedding on the injected feature vector and the injected adjacent matrix at a node of the graph model to obtain a first line feature vector of the target transmission line; wherein the first line eigenvector comprises a connection relationship between the target transmission line and the injection;
and updating the first line eigenvector based on the line adjacency matrix to obtain a second line eigenvector of the target transmission line.
Preferably, the line adjacency matrix includes a start-point adjacency matrix and an end-point adjacency matrix; the acquisition of the line adjacency matrix comprises the following steps:
determining the target transmission line as a bipolar object based on the graph model; wherein the bi-polar object represents that the target transmission line has a start point and an end point;
obtaining a starting point adjacency matrix based on first connection information of a starting point of the target transmission line; wherein the first connection information includes: the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the starting point of the adjacent transmission line, and the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the end point of the adjacent transmission line;
obtaining the end point adjacency matrix based on second connection information of the end point of the target transmission line; wherein the second connection information includes: the end point of the target transmission line is connected with the start point of the adjacent transmission line, and the end point of the target transmission line is connected with the end point of the adjacent transmission line.
Preferably, the obtaining the starting point adjacency matrix based on the first connection information of the starting point of the target transmission line includes:
if the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the starting point of the adjacent transmission line, determining the value of the starting point adjacent matrix as 1;
and if the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the end point of the adjacent transmission line, determining the value of the starting point adjacent matrix as 0.
Preferably, the electrical apparatus comprises: loads, substations, power stations and switches.
In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides the following technical solutions through an embodiment of the present application:
a power distribution network line fault locating device, comprising:
the graph model building module is used for building a graph model based on the connection relation between the transmission line of the power distribution network and the electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
the characteristic vector acquisition module is used for vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model and embedding the connection relation between the target transmission line and an adjacent transmission line and between the target transmission line and the injection to acquire a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node;
and the fault positioning module is used for inputting the line characteristic vector into a trained prediction model to obtain the fault probability of the target transmission line.
Preferably, the prediction model is a logistic regression model; the apparatus further comprises a model training module to:
obtaining a training sample based on the historical data of the power distribution network; wherein the training sample comprises a fault condition of the target transmission line and a historical line feature vector of the target transmission;
training the logistic regression model based on the training samples and a preset loss function to obtain model parameters of the logistic regression model; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy function;
and obtaining the trained logistic regression model based on the model parameters of the logistic regression model.
In a third aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides the following technical solutions through an embodiment of the present application:
a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any of the first aspects.
According to the method and the device for positioning the line fault of the power distribution network, provided by the embodiment of the invention, a graph model is constructed through the connection relation between the transmission line of the power distribution network and the electrical equipment; the transmission lines are used as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines is used as the edges of the graph model, and the electrical equipment is used as the injection of the graph model, so that the connection relation between the transmission lines and the transmission lines in the power distribution network is abstractly expressed; furthermore, vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on a graph model, and embedding connection relations between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines and between the target transmission line and injection, so as to obtain a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line, wherein the line characteristic vector contains characteristic information of the target transmission line in the power distribution network, and the complexity of transmission line connection in the power distribution network is fully considered; furthermore, the transmission line with the fault in the power distribution network can be accurately and quickly positioned by training a prediction model and predicting the fault based on the line characteristic vector.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
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Various additional advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for vectorizing a power distribution network line based on a neural network according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a functional block diagram of a power distribution network line vectoring device based on a neural network according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a flowchart of a method for locating a fault of a power distribution network line according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary graph model construction process for a power distribution network according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary feature embedding process diagram in a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary iterative update of a line feature vector in a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a functional block diagram of a power distribution network line fault location device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a power distribution network line vectorization method based on a neural network, and fig. 1 shows a flowchart of the power distribution network line vectorization method based on the neural network.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step S10: constructing a graph model based on the connection relation between transmission lines of the power distribution network and electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as edges of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
step S20: based on the graph model, acquiring an injection characteristic vector, a line adjacency matrix and an injection adjacency matrix which respectively correspond to the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node; the injection eigenvectors represent attributes of the target transmission line and the corresponding injections; the line adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line; the injection adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between injection and the target transmission line;
step S30: based on a neural network, performing feature embedding on the injected feature vector and the injected adjacent matrix at a node of the graph model to obtain a first line feature vector of the target transmission line; wherein the first line eigenvector comprises a connection relationship between the target transmission line and the injection;
step S40: and updating the first line characteristic vector based on the line adjacency matrix to obtain a second line characteristic vector of the target transmission line.
In step S10, power is transmitted to the power distribution network by using a transmission line (i.e., a power transmission line), and electrical equipment such as loads, substations, power stations, and switches in the power system are connected to the transmission line. Specifically, a topological connection diagram can be constructed by determining the interconnection relationship of transmission lines through an electrical diagram of the power distribution network, so as to form a diagram model. The properties of each transmission line may include the number of wires and the physical properties of the wires, such as resistivity, diameter, length, etc. of the wires. The properties of the transmission line may be represented in a vectorized representation, e.g. a two-dimensional vector representation.
The injection includes electrical equipment at the end of the line, such as loads, substations, power stations, switches, etc. Specifically, the abstraction of power consumption resources such as dedicated transformers and utility transformers is injected consumption, one consumption being defined by one active power consumption and one reactive power consumption; electrical equipment in the grid, such as generators, substations and the like, that produce electrical power resources are abstracted into injected production, each production being defined by an active input and an input voltage. The total number of injections is the sum of the consumed number of injections and the produced number of injections. Each implant can be represented using a two-dimensional information.
In step S20, the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node, that is, each transmission line in the distribution network can perform steps S20-S40, so as to obtain a second eigenvector of the transmission line.
Further, for the target transmission line, the acquisition of the injection eigenvector comprises the following processes:
1. based on the type of implant, obtaining a consumption of the implant and a production of the implant; wherein the injected electrical equipment consuming electrical energy and the injected electrical equipment generating electrical energy;
2. representing the attributes of the target transmission line, the injected consumption and the injected production as two-dimensional information;
3. the injection feature vector is obtained based on two-dimensional information corresponding to the attributes of the target transmission line, the consumption of the injection, and the production of the injection.
Therefore, the attribute information of the target transmission line and the injected connection information can be represented in a datamation mode by injecting the characteristic vectors, and the subsequent processing process is facilitated.
Further, the line adjacency matrix for the target transmission line includes: a start-point adjacency matrix and an end-point adjacency matrix; specifically, the obtaining of the line adjacency matrix comprises the following steps:
1. determining the target transmission line as a bipolar object based on the graph model; wherein the dipole object represents a target transmission line having a start point and an end point;
2. obtaining a starting point adjacency matrix based on first connection information of a starting point of the target transmission line; wherein the first connection information includes: the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the starting point of the adjacent transmission line, and the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the end point of the adjacent transmission line;
3. acquiring an end point adjacency matrix based on second connection information of the end point of the target transmission line; wherein the second connection information includes: the end point of the target transmission line is connected to the start point of the adjacent transmission line, and the end point of the target transmission line is connected to the end point of the adjacent transmission line.
The starting point adjacency matrix can perform data representation on transmission line information adjacent to the starting point of the target transmission line, and the end point adjacency matrix can perform data representation on transmission line information adjacent to the end point of the target transmission line; therefore, at least four kinds of adjacent information of the target transmission line (a starting point connection starting point, a starting point connection end point, an end point connection starting point and an end point connection end point) are reserved, and the accuracy is improved.
Further, the obtaining of the injection adjacency matrix of the target transmission line comprises:
acquiring an injection adjacency matrix based on the target transmission line and the injected third connection information; wherein the third connection information includes: the injection is connected to the beginning of the target transmission line and the injection is connected to the end of the target transmission line.
In step S20, the line adjacency relation and the injection connection relation of the target transmission line can be characterized by obtaining the injection eigenvector, the line adjacency matrix and the injection adjacency matrix corresponding to the target transmission line, so as to ensure that the target transmission line can include multiple characteristics of the power distribution network after vectorization, avoid singularization of the characteristics, and improve the accuracy of the data.
Since a plurality of characteristics of the distribution network are acquired in step S20, it is necessary to perform characteristic fusion in step S30 to acquire data that can comprehensively express the target transmission line. The feature embedding of step S30 specifically includes:
1. mapping the injected characteristic vectors to a d-dimensional space based on a neural network to obtain d-dimensional vectors; wherein d is an integer greater than 2; one specific implementation way is as follows: based on the number of neurons is (d)in10, d), mapping the injected characteristic vector to a d-dimensional space to obtain a d-dimensional vector; wherein d isinIs the dimension of the injected feature vector. dinCan be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, etc., and d is greater than dinThe method can improve the robustness of the data, well resist noise and avoid serious data distortion caused by local data pollution.
2. Multiplying the d-dimensional vector to the injection adjacency matrix to obtain a first line characteristic vector; so that the first line eigenvector contains the attribute characteristics of the target transmission line and the connection information between the injection and target transmission lines.
In step S40, the further fusing the line adjacency matrix specifically includes:
1. obtaining first propagation information based on the sum of products of the starting point adjacency matrix and the end point adjacency matrix with the first reservation information, respectively; wherein the first reservation information is a first line feature vector;
2. obtaining second reservation information based on the sum of the first propagation information and the first reservation information;
3. obtaining second propagation information based on the sum of products of the starting point adjacency matrix and the end point adjacency matrix and the second reserved information respectively;
4. and continuing to iteratively update the second reserved information based on the sum of the second propagation information and the second reserved information until the second line feature vector is obtained.
In the specific implementation of step S40, the number of iterative updates may be set more empirically, for example, it may be 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000, etc., without limitation. And when the iteration is carried out for 1 time, the second reserved information is the second line feature vector, and the steps 3 and 4 are not executed any more. The finally obtained second line characteristic vector not only contains the attribute characteristics of the target transmission line, the injection and the connection information of the target transmission line, but also contains the adjacent information of the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line. Therefore, the second line characteristic vector can more accurately represent the characteristics of the transmission line in the power distribution network, and the power distribution network can be widely applied to data analysis and prediction in the scenes of line faults, power transfer and the like after being digitalized.
In the power distribution network line vectorization method based on the neural network, a graph model is constructed by the connection relationship between transmission lines of the power distribution network and electrical equipment; the transmission lines are used as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines is used as the edges of the graph model, and the electrical equipment is used for injection of the graph model, so that the connection relation between the transmission lines and the transmission lines in the power distribution network is abstractly expressed; furthermore, based on a graph model, acquiring an injection characteristic vector, a line adjacent matrix and an injection adjacent matrix which respectively correspond to the target transmission line, and abstracting and datafying the attribute corresponding to the target transmission line, the injection correspondingly connected and the adjacent transmission lines by injecting the characteristic vector, the line adjacent matrix and the injection adjacent matrix; finally, based on a neural network, embedding characteristics of the injected characteristic vectors and the injected adjacent matrixes in the nodes of the graph model to obtain a first line characteristic vector of the target transmission line, so that the first line characteristic vector comprises attributes corresponding to the target transmission line and injection-related characteristics corresponding to connection, and the acquired data has better stability and is not easy to distort due to the characteristic embedding in the neural network mode; finally, updating the first line eigenvector based on the line adjacency matrix to obtain a second line eigenvector of the target transmission line, wherein the second line eigenvector not only contains the attribute characteristics of the target transmission line, the injection and the connection information of the target transmission line, but also contains the adjacency information of the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line; therefore, the detailed characteristics of the power distribution network can be accurately represented by using the second line characteristic vector, and the complexity of transmission line characteristics in the power distribution network is fully considered, so that the second line characteristic vector obtained after the power distribution network can be subjected to data transformation can be widely applied to data analysis and prediction in the situations of line faults, power transfer and the like, and the accuracy is higher.
Second embodiment
Based on the same inventive concept, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a power distribution network line vectoring apparatus 300 based on a neural network. Fig. 2 shows a functional block diagram of a power distribution network line vectoring device 300 based on a neural network according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the power distribution network line vectoring apparatus 300 based on a neural network includes:
the graph model building module 301 is used for building a graph model based on the connection relation between the transmission line of the power distribution network and the electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
a feature obtaining module 302, configured to obtain, based on the graph model, an injection feature vector, a line adjacency matrix, and an injection adjacency matrix that correspond to the target transmission line, respectively; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node; the injected eigenvectors represent the properties of the target transmission line and the corresponding injection; the line adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line; the injection adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between injection and the target transmission line;
an injection embedding module 303, configured to perform feature embedding on the injection eigenvector and the injection adjacency matrix at a node of the graph model based on a neural network, to obtain a first line eigenvector of the target transmission line; wherein the first line eigenvector comprises a connection relationship between the target transmission line and the injection;
a feature vector obtaining module 304, configured to update the first line feature vector based on the line adjacency matrix, and obtain a second line feature vector of the target transmission line.
As an optional implementation manner, the feature obtaining module 302 is specifically configured to:
obtaining a consumption of the implant and a production of the implant based on the type of the implant; wherein the injected consumption is an electrical device consuming electrical energy and the injected generation is an electrical device producing electrical energy;
representing attributes of the target transmission line, the injected consumption, and the injected production as two-dimensional information;
obtaining the injection eigenvector based on the two-dimensional information corresponding to the attributes of the target transmission line, the consumption of the injection, and the production of the injection.
It should be noted that, the implementation and technical effects of the power distribution network line vectoring apparatus 300 based on a neural network provided in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the foregoing method embodiment, and for brevity, reference may be made to corresponding contents in the foregoing method embodiment where no part of the embodiment of the apparatus is mentioned.
Third embodiment
Referring to fig. 3, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a method for locating a fault of a power distribution network line, and fig. 1 shows a flowchart of the method for locating a fault of a power distribution network line.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step S100: constructing a graph model based on the connection relation between transmission lines of the power distribution network and electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
step S200: vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model, and embedding connection relations between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines and between the target transmission line and the injection to obtain a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node;
step S300: and inputting the line characteristic vector into a trained prediction model to obtain the fault probability of the target transmission line.
The detailed description of step S100 can refer to the description of step S10 in the first embodiment, and is not repeated herein. Specifically, an example is illustrated (and subsequently continued use is made of the example), where l is availableiThe method comprises the steps of representing the ith bus, representing the starting point and the end point of the bus respectively by s and e, abstracting a transmission line as a node in a graph model, abstracting the connection condition of the starting point and the end point corresponding to the transmission line as an edge, abstracting electrical equipment at the tail end of the transmission line, such as a load, a transformer substation, a power station, a switch and the like in a power system as injection injIndicating the j-th implant. As shown in FIG. 4, where 4 nodes are shown, 3 implants (in)1、in2、in3) And 4 sides (l)1、l2、l3、l4)。
In step S200, the method specifically includes:
step S210: acquiring injection characteristic vectors, line adjacency matrixes and injection adjacency matrixes corresponding to the target transmission lines respectively based on the graph model; wherein the injection eigenvectors represent attributes of the target transmission line and corresponding injections; the line adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line; the injection adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between injection and the target transmission line;
step S220: based on a neural network, performing feature embedding on the injected feature vector and the injected adjacent matrix at a node of the graph model to obtain a first line feature vector of the target transmission line; wherein the first line eigenvector comprises a connection relationship between the target transmission line and the injection;
step S230: and updating the first line eigenvector based on the line adjacency matrix to obtain a second line eigenvector of the target transmission line.
The detailed descriptions of steps S210-S230 in this embodiment can refer to the descriptions of steps S20-S40 in the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
The steps S210 to S230 are explained by using the above example in the present embodiment, and the abstraction of the power consumption of the dedicated transformer and the public transformer in the power grid is the injected consumption, one consumption C ∈ C, and one active power consumption Pc(megawatt) and a reactive power consumption Qc(megavolt-ampere reactive) definition; abstracting the production of electric energy of generators, substations and the like in a power grid into injected production, wherein each production P belongs to P and is input by active power Pp(in megawatts) and an input voltage VpDefined (in volts). With n beinginRepresents the total number of injections: n isinWhere | P | represents the amount produced, | C | represents the amount consumed, P is the set of productions, and C is the set of consumptions. Each transmission line having a property or injection of din2-dimensional information. Then adopt
Representing all the injected feature vectors.
Further, the transmission lines are modeled as bipolar objects, so it is necessary to distinguish the start point and the end point of each transmission line. Thus, each connection between two transmission lines can be of four different types: (s)i,sj)、(sj,ej)、(ei,sj)、(ei,ej) Wherein s isiAnd eiRespectively the start and end of the transmission line i, sjAnd ejRespectively, the start and end of transmission line j, as shown in fig. 4. Further, a contiguous matrix of start and end points of each transmission line
And
is represented as follows:
further, using matrices
The connection mode of the injection (production of the injection and consumption of the injection) and the starting point and the end point of the transmission line is shown, and specifically:
further, fusion of the injected eigenvectors and the injected adjacency matrix is performed. The feature embedding purpose is to inject the attribute information of the transmission line into (d)inDimension) is embedded in the d-dimensional space. For each transmission line, the attribute information and injection can adopt a neuron number of (d)in10, d) of a three-layer neural network E:
to take into account the injected connection information to the line, one willObtaining the injected eigenvectors E (X) in d-dimensional space right-times the injected adjacency matrix AinThen, the first line feature vector can be obtained, namely:
H(0)i.e. the first line eigenvector, the final result is an n × d result, n is the number of transmission lines, and each transmission line is represented by a d-dimensional vector, which can be referred to as the embedding process shown in fig. 5.
Further, the first line eigenvector is updated based on the line adjacency matrix for fusion. The transmission line characteristic information is iteratively updated by the adjacency relationship between the transmission lines. The iteration number can be set to be K, and A is adoptedsAnd AeFeature vectors H learned respectively with the current time step(k)Multiplication and then addition of (retained information) to obtain propagation information info of k iterations in the graph model(k)The method is used for updating the characteristic vector of the transmission line and the characteristic vector of the first line, and specifically comprises the following steps:
info(k)＝sum(AsH(k),AeH(k))
the specific iterative intermediate process is shown in fig. 6. Will retain information H(k)And propagation information info(k)Adding to represent the learned characteristic information H at the current time step(k+1)As follows:
H(k+1)＝H(k)+sum(AsH(k),AeH(k))＝(I+sum(As,Ae))(H(k))
and for K e {0, …, K-1}, wherein I is an identity function, and obtaining a second line feature vector after iteration is finished.
In step S300, the prediction model is taken as a logistic regression model for example, and the training of the logistic regression model includes:
1. obtaining a training sample based on the historical data of the power distribution network; wherein the training sample comprises a fault condition of the target transmission line and a historical line feature vector of the target transmission;
2. training the logistic regression model based on the training samples and a preset loss function to obtain model parameters of the logistic regression model; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy function;
3. and obtaining the trained logistic regression model based on the model parameters of the logistic regression model.
Specifically, the basic formula of the logistic regression model adopted in this embodiment is:
hθ(x)＝g(θTx),
wherein x is a line feature vector (second line feature vector), θ is a model parameter, and h isθ(x) Is the probability of failure of the target transmission line. The cross entropy function is used as a loss function of the model, and the specific form is as follows:
wherein, y(i)The fault true condition of the ith line is shown, 1 represents a fault, and 0 represents a non-fault.
Further, the parameters in the model are optimized by a gradient descent method, which is as follows:
finally, determining model parameters to obtain a trained logistic regression model, wherein the model can be applied to the actual scene to predict the fault condition of the transmission line, and the training sample is represented by the line characteristic vector of the historical condition corresponding to the transmission line, so that a more accurate prediction model can be obtained, and a higher prediction effect is realized.
In the step S400, the process is executed,according to the trained prediction model, vectors are used in the power distribution network line faults in the real scene
Indicating a fault condition for n lines, where 1 indicates a fault and 0 indicates no fault. The prediction system formed by the prediction model of the present embodiment can be expressed as Y ═ S (X, a)s,Ae,Ainj)。
According to the method for positioning the line fault of the power distribution network, a graph model is constructed through the connection relation between the transmission line of the power distribution network and the electrical equipment; the transmission lines are used as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines is used as the edges of the graph model, and the electrical equipment is used for injection of the graph model, so that the connection relation between the transmission lines and the transmission lines in the power distribution network is abstractly expressed; furthermore, vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on a graph model, and embedding connection relations between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines and between the target transmission line and injection, so as to obtain a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line, wherein the line characteristic vector contains characteristic information of the target transmission line in the power distribution network, and the complexity of transmission line connection in the power distribution network is fully considered; furthermore, the transmission line with the fault in the power distribution network can be accurately and quickly positioned by training a prediction model and predicting the fault based on the line characteristic vector.
In addition, the implementation process and the implementation effect of the method provided by the embodiment can refer to the corresponding contents in the foregoing method embodiments.
Fourth embodiment
Based on the same inventive concept, the second embodiment of the present invention provides a power distribution network line fault location apparatus 400. Fig. 7 shows a functional block diagram of a distribution network line fault location apparatus 400 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The distribution network line fault locating device 400 comprises:
the graph model building module 401 is configured to build a graph model based on a connection relationship between a transmission line of a power distribution network and electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
a feature vector obtaining module 402, configured to vectorize a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model, and embed a connection relationship between the target transmission line and an adjacent transmission line, and between the target transmission line and the injection to obtain a line feature vector of the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node;
and a fault location module 403, configured to input the line feature vector into a trained prediction model, and obtain a fault probability of the target transmission line.
In an alternative embodiment, the prediction model is a logistic regression model; the apparatus further comprises a model training module to:
obtaining a training sample based on the historical data of the power distribution network; wherein the training sample comprises a fault condition of the target transmission line and a historical line feature vector of the target transmission;
training the logistic regression model based on the training samples and a preset loss function to obtain model parameters of the logistic regression model; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy function;
and obtaining the trained logistic regression model based on the model parameters of the logistic regression model.
It should be noted that, the specific implementation and technical effects of the distribution network line fault location device 400 provided by the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the foregoing method embodiment, and for a brief description, reference may be made to corresponding contents in the foregoing method embodiment for the part of the device embodiment that is not mentioned.
The device-integrated functional modules provided by the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if they are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as separate products. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method of implementing the above embodiments may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium and used by a processor to implement the steps of the above embodiments of the method. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, and the like. It should be noted that the computer readable medium may contain content that is subject to appropriate increase or decrease as required by legislation and patent practice in jurisdictions, for example, in some jurisdictions, computer readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals as is required by legislation and patent practice.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual machine, or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for constructing such a system will be apparent from the description above. Moreover, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It is appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any descriptions of specific languages are provided above to disclose the best mode of the invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the devices in an embodiment may be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Moreover, those of skill in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, not others, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
The various component embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all of the functionality of some or all of the components in an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention. The present invention may also be embodied as apparatus or device programs (e.g., computer programs and computer program products) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the present invention may be stored on computer-readable media or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an internet website or provided on a carrier signal or in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.
Claims (9)
1. A power distribution network line fault positioning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a graph model based on the connection relation between transmission lines of the power distribution network and electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model, and embedding connection relations between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines and between the target transmission line and the injection to obtain a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node;
inputting the line characteristic vector into a trained prediction model to obtain the fault probability of the target transmission line;
wherein the step of vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model and embedding connection relations between the target transmission line and adjacent transmission lines and between the target transmission line and the injection to obtain a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line comprises:
acquiring injection characteristic vectors, line adjacency matrixes and injection adjacency matrixes corresponding to the target transmission lines respectively based on the graph model; wherein the injection eigenvectors represent attributes of the target transmission line and corresponding injections; the line adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line; the injection adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between injection and the target transmission line;
based on a neural network, performing feature embedding on the injected feature vector and the injected adjacent matrix at a node of the graph model to obtain a first line feature vector of the target transmission line; wherein the first line eigenvector comprises a connection relationship between the target transmission line and the injection;
and updating the first line eigenvector based on the line adjacency matrix to obtain a second line eigenvector of the target transmission line.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predictive model is a logistic regression model, and wherein the training of the predictive model comprises:
obtaining a training sample based on the historical data of the power distribution network; wherein the training sample comprises a fault condition of the target transmission line and a historical line feature vector of the target transmission;
training the logistic regression model based on the training samples and a preset loss function to obtain model parameters of the logistic regression model; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy function;
and obtaining the trained logistic regression model based on the model parameters of the logistic regression model.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the logistic regression model is:
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the line adjacency matrix comprises a start-point adjacency matrix and an end-point adjacency matrix; the acquisition of the line adjacency matrix comprises the following steps:
determining the target transmission line as a bipolar object based on the graph model; wherein the bi-polar object represents that the target transmission line has a start point and an end point;
obtaining a starting point adjacency matrix based on first connection information of a starting point of the target transmission line; wherein the first connection information includes: the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the starting point of the adjacent transmission line, and the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the end point of the adjacent transmission line;
obtaining the end point adjacency matrix based on second connection information of the end point of the target transmission line; wherein the second connection information includes: the end point of the target transmission line is connected with the start point of the adjacent transmission line, and the end point of the target transmission line is connected with the end point of the adjacent transmission line.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the obtaining the starting point adjacency matrix based on the first connection information of the starting point of the target transmission line comprises:
if the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the starting point of the adjacent transmission line, determining the value of the starting point adjacent matrix as 1;
and if the starting point of the target transmission line is connected with the end point of the adjacent transmission line, determining the value of the starting point adjacent matrix as 0.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical device comprises: loads, substations, power stations and switches.
7. A distribution network line fault locating device, characterized by includes:
the graph model building module is used for building a graph model based on the connection relation between the transmission line of the power distribution network and the electrical equipment; wherein the transmission lines serve as nodes in the graph model, the connection of the transmission lines serves as an edge of the graph model, and the electrical equipment serves as the injection of the graph model;
the characteristic vector acquisition module is used for vectorizing a target transmission line of the power distribution network based on the graph model and embedding the connection relation between the target transmission line and an adjacent transmission line and between the target transmission line and the injection to acquire a line characteristic vector of the target transmission line; the target transmission line is a transmission line corresponding to any node;
the fault positioning module is used for inputting the line characteristic vector into a trained prediction model to obtain the fault probability of the target transmission line;
wherein the feature vector acquisition module is further specifically configured to: acquiring injection characteristic vectors, line adjacency matrixes and injection adjacency matrixes corresponding to the target transmission lines respectively based on the graph model; wherein the injection eigenvectors represent attributes of the target transmission line and corresponding injections; the line adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between the target transmission line and the adjacent transmission line; the injection adjacency matrix represents the connection relation between injection and the target transmission line; based on a neural network, performing feature embedding on the injected feature vector and the injected adjacent matrix at a node of the graph model to obtain a first line feature vector of the target transmission line; wherein the first line eigenvector comprises a connection relationship between the target transmission line and the injection; and updating the first line eigenvector based on the line adjacency matrix to obtain a second line eigenvector of the target transmission line.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the predictive model is a logistic regression model; the apparatus further comprises a model training module to:
obtaining a training sample based on the historical data of the power distribution network; wherein the training sample comprises a fault condition of the target transmission line and a historical line feature vector of the target transmission;
training the logistic regression model based on the training samples and a preset loss function to obtain model parameters of the logistic regression model; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy function;
and obtaining the trained logistic regression model based on the model parameters of the logistic regression model.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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