CN111506857A - 一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法 - Google Patents

一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法 Download PDF

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CN111506857A
CN111506857A CN202010201369.4A CN202010201369A CN111506857A CN 111506857 A CN111506857 A CN 111506857A CN 202010201369 A CN202010201369 A CN 202010201369A CN 111506857 A CN111506857 A CN 111506857A
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庄大杰
王任泽
王学新
张建岗
李国强
孙洪超
徐潇潇
刘红艳
杨彪
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法，包括：确定离货船一定距离r处的客船的γ辐射剂量率；计算客船在单位时间内，遭受照射的剂量；对距离r进行积分求出船上个人受到照射的剂量；在垂直距离范围内，对个人剂量进行积分即可求出公众集体剂量。本方法使用传统辐射剂量计算方法结合水路运输的特点，构建了一个放射性物品水路运输γ辐射的公众集体剂量评价模型，并针对该模型给出了放射性物品水路运输公众集体剂量的计算方法，可用于放射性物品水路运输公众集体剂量的评估、运输活动的辐射防护最优化评估。

Description

一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法
技术领域
本发明属于涉及核辐射防护技术领域，具体涉及一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法。
背景技术
放射性物品运输活动与核能开发和核技术广泛应用相伴随，是核能开发与核技术应用中普遍存在且必不可少的一个重要环节。国际上，放射性物品的海上运输量每年约1000万次，约占总运输量的1/3，其中超过95％的为工业放射源、医用放射源、放射性诊断药物等。目前国际上水路运输大致可以分为内河运输、沿海运输和远洋运输三种类型，国内目前沿海运输和内河运输较为少见。
放射性物品运输的辐射影响评价是开展运输活动前所必须进行的一项重要工作，需要对工作人员、公众和环境带来的辐射影响进行评价。对于放射性物品陆路运输目前有较完善的公众集体剂量计算方法，对水路运输并没有。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法，以用于放射性物品水路运输公众集体剂量的评估以及运输活动的辐射防护最优化评估。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法，包括：
(1)计算离货船一定距离r处的客船的γ辐射剂量率；
(2)计算公众所在的客船在单位时间内，遭受照射的剂量率；
(3)对距离r进行积分求出客船上个人受到照射的剂量；
(4)确定客船行驶航道距离货船的垂直距离范围、在运行期间通行的客船数量、以及平均每艘客船的载人量，在垂直距离范围内，对个人剂量进行积分即可求出公众集体剂量。
进一步地，所述步骤(1)中，客船的γ辐射剂量率DR(r)的计算公式为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000021
其中，k0为货包点源形状因子；DRP为货包表面1米处的货包剂量率；μ为射线在空气中的衰减系数；L为客船与货船行驶航线的垂直距离；r为客船与货船在行驶方向的直线距离。
进一步地，对于γ辐射，由于
Figure BDA0002419502730000022
的乘积不大于1.0，故γ辐射剂量率通常可保守地表示为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000023
进一步地，步骤(2)中客船在dt时间内，遭受照射的剂量的计算公式为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000024
其中，Vp为货船行驶速度；
Vh为客船行驶速度。
进一步地，船上个人受到照射的剂量D(L)的计算公式为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000025
进一步地，公众集体剂量的计算公式为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000026
其中，N为航线中经过的客船数量；
P为客船上载人平均数；
L1为客船行驶航道与货船最近垂直距离；
L2为客船行驶航道与货船最远垂直距离。
本发明的有益技术效果在于：本方法使用传统辐射剂量计算方法结合水路运输的特点，构建了一个放射性物品水路运输γ辐射的公众集体剂量评价模型，并针对该模型给出了放射性物品水路运输公众集体剂量的计算方法，可用于放射性物品水路运输公众集体剂量的评估、运输活动的辐射防护最优化评估。
附图说明
图1为本发明货船与客船行驶位置示意图，其中1-货船；2-客船。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的描述。
如图1所示，是本发明货船与客船行驶位置示意图。其中货船1与客船2相向而行，二者的运动速度分别为VP、VH。
假定客船行驶航道与货船最近垂直距离为L1；客船行驶航道与货船最远垂直距离垂直距离为L2，在运行期间通行的客船数量为N艘，平均每艘船载P人。
首先求得货船与客船相距r距离时，在客船处的辐射剂量率为DR(r)
Figure BDA0002419502730000031
对γ辐射，由于
Figure BDA0002419502730000032
的乘积不大于1.0(对于大多数的μ和r值成立)，故γ剂量率通常可保守地表示为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000033
在dt时间内，遭受照射的剂量d(D(r))为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000041
对r进行积分求出船上个人受到照射的剂量D(L)
Figure BDA0002419502730000042
假定客船行驶区域平均分布在客船行驶航道[L1，L2]范围内，对个人剂量进行积分即可求出集体剂量，水路运输期间公众遭受的集体剂量DC为：
Figure BDA0002419502730000043
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (6)

1.一种水路运输放射性物品时公众集体剂量计算方法，其特征在于，包括：
(1)计算离货船一定距离r处的客船的γ辐射剂量率；
(2)计算公众所在的客船在单位时间内，遭受照射的剂量率；
(3)对距离r进行积分求出客船上个人受到照射的剂量；
(4)确定客船行驶航道距离货船的垂直距离范围、在运行期间通行的客船数量、以及平均每艘客船的载人量，在垂直距离范围内，对个人剂量进行积分即可求出公众集体剂量。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的计算方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，客船的γ辐射剂量率DR(r)的计算公式为：
Figure FDA0002419502720000011
其中，k0为货包点源形状因子；DRP为货包表面1米处的货包剂量率；μ为射线在空气中的衰减系数；L为客船与货船行驶航线的垂直距离；r为客船与货船在行驶方向的直线距离。
3.一种如权利要求2所述的计算方法，其特征在于，对于γ辐射，由于
Figure FDA0002419502720000012
的乘积不大于1.0，故γ辐射剂量率通常可保守地表示为：
Figure FDA0002419502720000013
4.一种如权利要求3所述的计算方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中客船在dt时间内，遭受照射的剂量的计算公式为：
Figure FDA0002419502720000014
其中，Vp为货船行驶速度；
Vh为客船行驶速度。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的计算方法，其特征在于，船上个人受到照射的剂量D(L)的计算公式为：
Figure FDA0002419502720000021
6.一种如权利要求5所述的计算方法，其特征在于，公众集体剂量的计算公式为：
Figure FDA0002419502720000022
其中，N为航线中经过的客船数量；
P为客船上载人平均数；
L1为客船行驶航道与货船最近垂直距离；
L2为客船行驶航道与货船最远垂直距离。
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