CN111444593A - Method for improving vulnerability of elements of electricity-gas comprehensive energy system - Google Patents

Method for improving vulnerability of elements of electricity-gas comprehensive energy system Download PDF

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CN111444593A
CN111444593A CN202010135812.2A CN202010135812A CN111444593A CN 111444593 A CN111444593 A CN 111444593A CN 202010135812 A CN202010135812 A CN 202010135812A CN 111444593 A CN111444593 A CN 111444593A
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CN111444593B (en
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丁一
桑茂盛
包铭磊
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the vulnerability of elements of an electricity-gas comprehensive energy system. Inputting original data, establishing an operation state model of the electricity-gas integrated energy system, and obtaining an operation result in an initial normal state; extracting a network topological structure of the comprehensive energy system, and processing to obtain structural vulnerability parameters of the elements; simulating element faults to obtain an operation result of the system in a fault state; then obtaining the airflow distribution entropy of the natural gas system and the power flow distribution entropy of the power system to obtain the operation vulnerability parameters of the elements; and calculating the weight of each parameter by using an optimal combination weight method to obtain the comprehensive vulnerability of the element. The invention can quickly perform key protection on elements with higher vulnerability, improves the reliability of the elements by thickening the power line and reinforcing the natural gas pipeline, effectively improves the overall operation reliability and robustness of the system, and reduces the probability of large-area faults of the system.

Description

Method for improving vulnerability of elements of electricity-gas comprehensive energy system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems and comprehensive energy systems, and relates to a method for improving the vulnerability of elements of an electricity-gas comprehensive energy system under the condition of realizing deep coupling of the power system and a natural gas system.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual increase of the specific gravity of natural gas power generation and the application of gas source equipment depending on power supply of a power grid, the coupling operation of a natural gas system and a power system is increasingly tight. Obviously, the interdependence and interplay of the natural gas system and the power system can increase the vulnerability of the electric-gas integrated energy system. On one hand, the stoppage of a gas transmission natural gas pipeline in a natural gas system may cause the interruption of the natural gas fuel supply of a gas turbine unit, further cause the insufficient power generation capacity of a power system and cause power failure accidents; on the other hand, the power line is disconnected, so that the working power supply of the air source equipment which depends on the power supply of the power grid is lost, the natural gas system cannot work normally, and the air supply capacity of the natural gas system is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for improving vulnerability of components of an electricity-gas integrated energy system by comprehensively considering the coupling operation characteristics of an electric power system and a natural gas system.
At present, a vulnerability improving method, especially a power system vulnerability improving method, mainly aims at improving the vulnerability of the whole system, for example, the whole vulnerability of the power system is researched based on a complex network theory or a power system operation analysis theory, and then a measure for improving the vulnerability of the system is provided. However, these methods do not analyze the components in the system, resulting in poor vulnerability improvement of the system components. In addition, the current research method only considers the scene of independent operation of the power system, and does not consider the influence of other energy networks closely coupled with the power system, the two power systems and the natural gas system are more closely connected through the coupled operation of the two power systems and the natural gas system, and the vulnerability of the elements not only depends on the self system, but also depends on other coupled systems.
Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the coupling operation characteristics of the power system and the natural gas system, and to provide a method for improving the vulnerability of elements of the electric-gas integrated energy system, find out the vulnerable elements, and perform important protection on the elements to improve the operation reliability and robustness of the whole system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the background art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the vulnerability of elements of an electric-gas integrated energy system. The invention can quickly find the elements with higher vulnerability, improve the reliability of the elements by thickening the power line and reinforcing the key protection of the natural gas pipeline, effectively improve the overall operation reliability and robustness of the system and reduce the probability of large-area faults of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the specific technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, inputting original data, establishing an operation state model of the electricity-gas integrated energy system, and calculating to obtain an operation result of the system in an initial normal state;
the original data refers to the data of power, load and the like of the electricity-gas integrated energy system in the current operation state.
Step 2, extracting a network topological structure of the electricity-gas integrated energy system according to an operation result in an initial normal state, and processing to obtain structural vulnerability parameters of elements;
step 3, simulating element faults including power line outage and natural gas pipeline outage, and obtaining an operation result of the electricity-gas integrated energy system in a fault state by using an electricity-gas integrated energy system operation state model;
step 4, processing to obtain a natural gas system airflow distribution entropy and a power system power flow distribution entropy based on an operation result in a fault state, so as to obtain an operation vulnerability parameter of the element;
step 5, calculating the weight of each parameter by using an optimal combination weight method based on each vulnerability parameter obtained in the step 2 and the step 4, thereby obtaining the comprehensive vulnerability of the element; and selecting elements with higher comprehensive weakness for processing, and improving the reliability of the elements by thickening the power line and reinforcing the natural gas pipeline.
The electricity-gas comprehensive energy system consists of an electric power system and a natural gas system. The natural gas node is in a natural gas system and refers to gas source equipment, compressor equipment and load equipment in the natural gas system, wherein the gas source equipment comprises an independent power supply gas source and a power supply gas source depending on a power grid. The power grid nodes exist in a power system and refer to power stations, substations and load equipment in the power system, wherein the power stations comprise two types of conventional units and gas units. The natural gas nodes are connected through natural gas pipelines, the power grid nodes are connected through power lines, and the two end nodes of each natural gas pipeline and each power line are respectively called as a head end node and a tail end node. The natural gas system and the electric power system are coupled through a gas unit and a gas source depending on a power grid for power supply, natural gas fuel consumed by the gas unit is sourced from gas source equipment of the natural gas system, and a working power source depending on the gas source supplied by the power grid is sourced from a power station of the electric power system.
The step 1 is specifically as follows:
step 1.1, establishing a minimum Minf of the sum of the operating energy consumption of the natural gas system and the power system as an objective function of an operating state model of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system:
Figure BDA0002397268420000021
in the formula phig、ΦeRespectively a natural gas node set and a power grid node set;
Figure BDA0002397268420000022
respectively indicating the air supply quantity and the air load removal quantity of an air source of the natural gas node i in the state l;
Figure BDA0002397268420000023
for the operation energy consumption of the natural gas node i in the state l, the energy consumption is generally
Figure BDA0002397268420000024
And
Figure BDA0002397268420000025
a quadratic or linear function of;
Figure BDA0002397268420000026
and
Figure BDA0002397268420000027
respectively representing the active output power of a conventional unit, the active output power of a gas unit and the cut-off quantity of electric load power of a power grid node j in a state l;
Figure BDA0002397268420000031
for the operation energy consumption of the grid node j in the state l, the energy consumption is generally
Figure BDA0002397268420000032
And
Figure BDA0002397268420000033
a quadratic or linear function of; i. j is the ordinal number of the natural gas node and the power grid node respectively; l is an ordinal number of the system running state, and the initial normal running state is represented when l is 0;
step 1.2, establishing equivalent constraint of the following electric-gas integrated energy system operation state model:
Figure BDA0002397268420000034
Figure BDA0002397268420000035
Figure BDA0002397268420000036
Figure BDA0002397268420000037
Figure BDA0002397268420000038
Figure BDA0002397268420000039
in the formula, Fload,i、
Figure BDA00023972684200000310
Respectively the gas load of a natural gas node i and the gas consumption of the gas turbine set in the state l; (i, t) denotes a natural gas pipeline connecting the head end node i and the tail end node t; phipipeRepresents a collection of natural gas pipelines;
Figure BDA00023972684200000311
representing the amount of gas flowing through the natural gas pipeline (i, t) in state l; mitRepresenting a transmission parameter of the natural gas pipeline (i, t);
Figure BDA00023972684200000312
respectively representing the pressure square values of natural gas nodes i and t in the state l; pload,jRepresenting the active power load of grid node j; (j, s) represents a power line connecting the head end node j and the tail end node s; philineRepresenting a set of power lines;
Figure BDA00023972684200000313
represents the active power flowing through the power line (j, s) in state l; x is the number ofjsRepresents the reactance of the power line (j, s);
Figure BDA00023972684200000314
and
Figure BDA00023972684200000315
respectively representing voltage phase angles of the grid nodes j and s in the state l; gHV、 ηG2PRespectively representing the heat value of natural gas and the power generation efficiency of a gas unit, j ∈ i representing that the natural gas fuel of the gas unit on a power grid node j is provided by a natural gas node i, Psour,jη showing the active power consumed by the source connected to grid node j to maintain normal operationP2GI ∈ j represents that the working power supply of the gas source on the natural gas node i is provided by a power grid node j;
step 1.3, establishing an inequality constraint of an electric-gas integrated energy system operation state model:
Figure BDA00023972684200000316
Figure BDA00023972684200000317
Figure BDA00023972684200000318
Figure BDA00023972684200000319
Figure BDA00023972684200000320
Figure BDA00023972684200000321
Figure BDA00023972684200000322
Figure BDA00023972684200000323
Figure BDA0002397268420000041
Figure BDA0002397268420000042
Figure BDA0002397268420000043
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002397268420000044
the working state of an air source on a natural gas node i under the state l is shown, when the normal working value of the air source is 1, otherwise, the working state is 0; (8) to (9) representsWhen the electrical load shedding amount of the grid node j is larger than a certain threshold value, namely
Figure BDA0002397268420000045
Then
Figure BDA0002397268420000046
Indicating that the supplied gas source is shut down; the superscripts of the letters carry "max" and "min" respectively, which represent the upper and lower limits of the variable;
and finally, inputting the original data into the model, and solving by adopting a linear programming method to obtain an operation result of the system in an initial normal state.
The operation result comprises the air supply quantity of an air source of a natural gas node i in a state l
Figure BDA0002397268420000047
Gas load cutting amount of natural gas node i in state l
Figure BDA0002397268420000048
Active power output power of conventional unit of power grid node j in state l
Figure BDA0002397268420000049
Gas turbine unit active output power of power grid node j in state l
Figure BDA00023972684200000410
And the electric load power cutting quantity of the grid node j in the state l
Figure BDA00023972684200000411
The state l is a normal state or a fault state. The conventional units are referred to as coal-fired units.
The step 2 is specifically as follows: the structural vulnerability comprises a capability number centrality parameter and a capability number centrality parameter of the natural gas pipeline and an electrical number centrality parameter of the power line.
Step 2.1, according to the upper limit of the output of the gas source at the natural gas node i
Figure BDA00023972684200000412
Gas consumption of gas unit under initial normal operation state at natural gas node t
Figure BDA00023972684200000413
Gas load F at natural gas node tload,tProcessing the obtained capacity betweenness centrality parameter CBC of the natural gas pipeline according to the following formulap：
Figure BDA00023972684200000414
Figure BDA00023972684200000415
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00023972684200000416
representing a set of shortest paths between natural gas nodes i and t;
Figure BDA00023972684200000417
the weight of the mth shortest path between the nodes i and t is represented, and the calculation formula is shown in (20);
Figure BDA00023972684200000418
representing the gas consumption of the gas unit of the natural gas node i in an initial normal operation state;
Figure BDA00023972684200000419
the transmission capacity of the mth shortest path between the nodes i and t is represented and is the minimum value of the transmission capacities of all the natural gas pipelines contained in the shortest path;
Figure BDA00023972684200000420
a decision variable indicating whether the natural gas pipeline p is in the shortest path, when the natural gas pipeline p is in the mth shortest path between the nodes i and t,
Figure BDA00023972684200000421
otherwise
Figure BDA00023972684200000422
m is the ordinal number of the shortest path between the natural gas nodes i and t; p is the ordinal number of the natural gas pipeline;
step 2.2, according to the upper limit of the output of the gas source at the natural gas node i
Figure BDA00023972684200000423
Gas consumption of gas unit in initial normal operation state at natural gas node i
Figure BDA00023972684200000424
Gas load F at natural gas node iload,iProcessing according to the following formula to obtain a capability degree centrality parameter CDC of the natural gas pipelinep：
Figure BDA0002397268420000051
CDCp＝(dcap,p1+dcap,p2)/2 (22)
In the formula, c(i,t)The transmission capacity of the natural gas pipeline (i, t) is shown, t ∈ i shows that a natural gas node t is connected with the node i, and p1 and p2 are a head end node and a tail end node of the natural gas pipeline p respectively;
step 2.3, according to the upper limit of the output of the conventional unit at the j position of the power grid node
Figure BDA0002397268420000052
Upper limit of gas turbine set output
Figure BDA0002397268420000053
Active power load P at grid node sload,sThe active power P consumed by the gas source connected with the power grid node s to maintain normal worksour,sThe following formula is adopted to process and obtain the electrical betweenness centrality parameter EBC of the power linek：
Figure BDA0002397268420000054
Figure BDA0002397268420000055
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002397268420000056
representing a set of shortest paths between grid nodes j, s, one path possibly comprising a plurality of power lines;
Figure BDA0002397268420000057
the weight of the nth shortest path between the nodes j and s is represented, and a calculation formula is shown in (24);
Figure BDA0002397268420000058
the transmission capacity of the nth shortest path between the grid nodes j and s is represented and is the minimum value of the transmission capacities of all the power lines contained in the shortest path;
Figure BDA0002397268420000059
as a function of the decision whether or not power line k is in the shortest path, when line k is in the nth shortest path between nodes j, s,
Figure BDA00023972684200000510
otherwise
Figure BDA00023972684200000511
n is the ordinal number of the shortest path between the grid nodes j and s; k is the ordinal number of the power line;
step 2.4, according to the upper limit of the output of the conventional unit at the j position of the power grid node
Figure BDA00023972684200000512
Upper limit of gas turbine set output
Figure BDA00023972684200000513
Active power load P at grid node jload,jPower grid sectionThe active power P consumed by the air source connected to the point j to maintain normal worksour,jProcessing and obtaining the electrical degree centrality parameter EDC of the power line according to the following formulak：
Figure BDA00023972684200000514
EDCk＝(dcapa,k1+dcapa,k2)/2 (26)
In the formula, c(j,s)The transmission capacity of the power line (j, s) is shown, s ∈ j shows that the grid node s is connected with the node j, and k1 and k2 are respectively a head end node and a tail end node of the power line k.
The step 3 is specifically as follows: running state model of electricity-gas comprehensive energy system
Step 3.1, according to the simulated natural gas pipeline outage fault, updating the network topology structure of the electricity-gas integrated energy system in the simulated natural gas pipeline outage fault process, inputting the updated network topology structure of the electricity-gas integrated energy system and original data into the operation state model of the electricity-gas integrated energy system to calculate and solve to obtain operation data of the system in the state, wherein the operation data comprises gas flow rate in the natural gas pipeline p fault state
Figure BDA00023972684200000515
And active power flow of natural gas pipeline p in fault state
Figure BDA00023972684200000516
And further calculating the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline and the active power flow increment of the power line under the outage fault of the natural gas pipeline according to the following formulas according to the operation data:
Figure BDA0002397268420000061
Figure BDA0002397268420000062
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002397268420000063
respectively representing the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline q and the active power flow increment of the power line b caused by the shutdown fault of the natural gas pipeline p;
Figure BDA0002397268420000064
and
Figure BDA0002397268420000065
respectively representing the transmission capacity of the natural gas pipeline q, the gas flow in the initial normal state and the gas flow in the failure state of the natural gas pipeline p;
Figure BDA0002397268420000066
and
Figure BDA0002397268420000067
respectively representing the transmission capacity of the power line b, the active power flow in the initial normal state and the active power flow in the fault state of the natural gas pipeline p;
step 3.2, simulating the outage fault of the power line, updating the network topology structure of the electric-gas integrated energy system in the process of simulating the outage fault of the power line, inputting the updated network topology structure of the electric-gas integrated energy system and original data into the operation state model of the electric-gas integrated energy system, calculating and solving to obtain the operation data of the system in the state, wherein the operation data comprises the gas flow rate of the natural gas pipeline q in the k fault state of the power line
Figure BDA0002397268420000068
And the active power flow of the power line b in the fault state of the power line k
Figure BDA0002397268420000069
And further calculating the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline and the active power flow increment of the power line under the outage fault of the power line according to the following formulas according to the operation data:
Figure BDA00023972684200000610
Figure BDA00023972684200000611
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00023972684200000612
respectively representing the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline q and the active power flow increment of the power line b caused by the disconnection fault of the power line k;
Figure BDA00023972684200000613
representing the gas flow of the natural gas pipeline q in the fault state of the power line k;
Figure BDA00023972684200000614
representing the active power flow of the power line b in a fault condition of the power line k.
The natural gas pipeline is shut down, which means that the natural gas pipeline is attacked by people or disconnected due to natural disasters. The power line outage is caused by tripping, disconnection, and the like of a power line due to human attack or natural disaster.
The step 4 is specifically as follows:
step 4.1, processing according to the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline under the outage fault of the natural gas pipeline and the power line according to the following formula to obtain the vulnerability parameter PFI of the outage fault of the natural gas pipelinep：
Figure BDA00023972684200000615
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00023972684200000616
indicating the gas flow rate of the natural gas pipeline p in the initial normal state;
Figure BDA00023972684200000617
respectively shows the gas flow distribution entropy of the natural gas system caused by the shutdown fault of the natural gas pipeline p,The power flow distribution entropy of the power system; u. of1、u2Respectively representing the influence weight of the natural gas pipeline outage fault on a natural gas system and an electric power system;
the airflow distribution entropy and the load flow distribution entropy caused by the natural gas pipeline p fault are calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002397268420000071
Figure BDA0002397268420000072
Figure BDA0002397268420000073
Figure BDA0002397268420000074
in the formula, ηqp、ηbpRespectively representing the airflow impact ratio of the shutdown fault of the natural gas pipeline p to the natural gas pipeline q and the power flow impact ratio of the natural gas pipeline p to the line b;
step 4.2, processing according to the active power flow increment of the power line under the outage fault of the natural gas pipeline and the power line and the following formula to obtain the fault vulnerability parameter L FI of the power linek：
Figure BDA0002397268420000075
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002397268420000076
representing the active power flow power of the power line k in an initial normal state;
Figure BDA0002397268420000077
respectively representing the power flow distribution entropy of the power system and the airflow distribution entropy of the natural gas system caused by the k fault of the line; v. of1、v2Respectively representing linesThe weight of the influence of the fault on the power system and the natural gas system;
the power flow distribution entropy and the airflow distribution entropy caused by the fault of the line k are calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002397268420000078
Figure BDA0002397268420000079
Figure BDA00023972684200000710
Figure BDA00023972684200000711
in the formula, ηbk、ηqkAnd respectively representing the power flow impact ratio caused by the disconnection fault of the line k to the line b and the airflow impact ratio caused to the natural gas pipeline q.
The step 5 is specifically as follows:
step 5.1, establishing the following optimal combination weight model, and calculating the optimal weight of each vulnerability parameter:
Figure BDA00023972684200000712
ρs,β＝τs,β/(τs,β+τo,β) (42)
ρo,β＝τo,β/(τs,β+τo,β) (43)
Figure BDA00023972684200000713
wβ≥0 (45)
in the formula, wβRepresents the optimal weight of the parameter β,. taus,β、τo,βRespectively representing the subjective weights calculated by the parameter β according to the analytic hierarchy processThe weight and the objective weight calculated according to the entropy weight method; rhos,β、ρo,βThe bias weight coefficients respectively representing the subjective weight and the objective weight of the parameter β are obtained by calculation of (42) and (43), M is the total number of all vulnerability parameters, β is the ordinal number of the vulnerability parameter;
and 5.2, integrating the structural vulnerability parameters and the operation vulnerability parameters obtained in the step 2 and the step 4, and obtaining the integrated vulnerability of each natural gas pipeline and each power line by adopting the following formula:
VG(p)＝ωg1CBCp+ωg2CDCp+ωg3PFIp(46)
VE(k)＝ωe1EBCk+ωe2EDCk+ωe3LFIk(47)
in the formula, ωg1、ωg2And ωg3Are respectively CBCp、CDCpAnd PFIpThe parameters are calculated according to the step 5.1 to obtain the optimal weight; omegae1、ωe2And ωe3Are respectively EBCk、EDCkAnd L FIkThe parameters are calculated according to the optimal weight obtained in the step 5.1;
step 5.3, calculating comprehensive fragility values of elements of the natural gas pipelines/power lines according to the step 5.2, improving the fragility of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system according to the comprehensive fragility values, selecting the elements with high comprehensive fragility for key processing, and improving the reliability of the elements by thickening the power lines and reinforcing the natural gas pipelines, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
for elements with an integrated vulnerability above a preset vulnerability threshold,
if the element is a power line, measures of thickening the power line, increasing the split number of the line and replacing the line with a double-circuit line are taken to improve the transmission capacity of the power line and reduce the vulnerability;
if the element is a natural gas pipeline, the reliability of the natural gas pipeline is improved and the vulnerability is reduced by adopting measures of thickening the wall of the natural gas pipeline and reducing the gas transmission pressure of the pipeline.
And for the elements with the comprehensive vulnerability not higher than the preset vulnerability threshold value, not processing.
In the step 2.1: the natural gas pipeline capacity betweenness centrality parameter CBCpThe capacity and distribution condition of gas source equipment and load equipment, the coupling condition of a gas unit and a natural gas node, the transmission capacity of a natural gas pipeline and the like are considered, the role of the natural gas pipeline in the network transmission function is revealed from the perspective of the whole network, the larger the centrality of the natural gas pipeline capacity is, the more the number of times of the shortest paths passing through the natural gas pipeline is, and the larger the transmission capacity of each shortest path is, so that the larger the transmission function borne by the natural gas pipeline in the whole structure is, and the more the key is in the network.
In the step 2.2: the natural gas pipeline capability degree centrality parameter CDCpThe capacity and distribution condition of gas source equipment and load equipment, the coupling condition of a gas unit and a natural gas node, the transmission capacity of a natural gas pipeline and the like are considered, the role of the natural gas pipeline in the network transmission function is revealed from the local view of a network, the larger the centrality of the natural gas pipeline capacity is, the more the number of the natural gas pipelines connected with the natural gas pipeline is, and the larger the capacity of the connected natural gas pipeline is, so that the larger the transmission function of the natural gas pipeline in a local structure is, the more the key is in the network.
In the step 2.3: the electric power circuit gas dielectric constant centrality parameter EBCkConsidering the capacities and distribution conditions of power generation equipment and load equipment, the coupling condition of air source equipment and a power grid node, the transmission capacity of a power line and the like, the role of the power line in the network transmission function is revealed from the perspective of the network overall situation, the larger the centrality of the electrical medium number of the power line is, the more the number of times of the shortest path passing through the line is, and the larger the transmission capacity of each shortest path is, so that the larger the transmission function of the line in the overall structure is, and the more the key the transmission function of the line in the network is.
In the step 2.4: the electric power line electrical degree centrality parameter EDCkConsidering the capacity and distribution of power generation equipment and load equipment, air source equipment and power grid nodeThe coupling condition, the transmission capacity of the power line, and the like of the power line reveal the role of the power line in the network transmission function from the viewpoint of local network, and the larger the electrical degree centrality of the power line is, the larger the number of lines connected with the power line is, and the larger the capacity of the connected power line is, so that the larger the transmission role of the power line in the local structure is, the more critical the power line is in the network.
In the step 4.1: the vulnerability parameter PFI of the natural gas pipeline outage faultpThe disturbance degree of the natural gas pipeline fault on the natural gas system and the disturbance degree of the natural gas pipeline fault on the power system are comprehensively reflected, the greater the vulnerability of the natural gas pipeline outage fault is, the greater the natural gas airflow impact and line tide impact caused by the natural gas pipeline fault are, and the more uneven the impact distribution is, the more easily the full load of other natural gas pipelines and lines is caused, so that the cascade fault is caused, and therefore, the more fragile the natural gas pipeline is.
In the step 4.2, the vulnerability parameter L FI of the power line disconnection faultkThe disturbance degree of a line fault on the power system and the disturbance degree of a natural gas system are comprehensively reflected, the greater the vulnerability of the line disconnection fault is, the greater the tidal current impact and the airflow impact caused by the line fault are, and the more uneven the impact distribution is, the more easily the full load of other lines and natural gas pipelines is caused to cause cascade faults, so the more fragile the line is.
In the step 5.2: the comprehensive weakness V of the natural gas pipelineG(p) and the combined vulnerability of the power line VE(k) The two aspects of the integrated network topology and the system operation state reveal the vulnerability of natural gas pipelines and power lines in the electricity-gas integrated energy system. The greater the comprehensive vulnerability of the element is, the greater the transmission role the element bears in the global and local structures of the network is, the greater the disturbance impact of the element fault on the self system and the coupled system is, and the higher the vulnerability of the element is.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention is a method for improving the vulnerability of elements of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system under the condition of deep coupling of the power system and the natural gas system, and overcomes the defect that the traditional vulnerability improvement method only analyzes and improves the whole vulnerability of a single energy system; the method can evaluate the vulnerability of the elements from two angles of network topology and system running state, more accurately find out the vulnerable elements in the system, and can effectively improve the running reliability and robustness of the whole system by improving the vulnerability of the vulnerable elements.
The invention can meet the engineering application requirements under the condition of deep coupling of a power system and a natural gas system in the future, quickly improve the vulnerability of each fragile element in the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system, perform key protection on the fragile element, improve the reliability of the element by thickening a power line and reinforcing a natural gas pipeline, and effectively reduce the probability of large-area faults of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an electric-gas integrated energy system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The specific embodiment of the complete method according to the invention is as follows:
the invention is described in detail by taking an electricity-gas comprehensive energy system composed of an IEEE30 node power system and a Belgian 20 node natural gas system as an example and combining a technical scheme and a drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the IEEE30 node power system includes 7 generator sets and 41 power lines, and the belgium 20 node natural gas system includes 6 gas source devices and 19 natural gas pipelines. The generator sets on the power grid nodes 5, 7, 8, 11 and 13 are gas generator sets, natural gas fuel is supplied by the natural gas nodes 3, 12, 6, 10 and 15 respectively, and the rest generator sets are conventional generator sets. The gas sources on the natural gas nodes 1, 2, 5 and 8 are power supply sources depending on the power grid, the power supply sources are respectively supplied by the power grid nodes 14, 21, 30 and 26 to maintain normal operation, and the rest gas sourcesThe system is an independent gas source, and is modified for facilitating calculation by combining double-loop natural gas pipelines into a single loop and taking 1.3 times of the natural gas pipeline transmission gas flow in the initial operation state as the natural gas pipeline capacity which is less than 5 × 103m3·h-1According to 5 × 103m3·h-1And (4) calculating. The IEEE30 node system is modified as follows: simplifying all lines into non-directional weighted edges and not counting parallel capacitor branches; the line capacity is 1.5 times of the transmission power of the line in the initial operation state, and the less than 15MW is calculated by 15 MW.
The implementation flow of the invention is shown in fig. 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, inputting original data, establishing an operation state model of the electricity-gas integrated energy system, and calculating to obtain an operation result of the system in an initial normal state;
step 1.1, establishing a minimum Minf of the sum of the operating energy consumption of the natural gas system and the power system as an objective function of an operating state model of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system:
step 1.2, establishing equivalent constraint of the following electric-gas integrated energy system operation state model:
step 1.3, establishing an inequality constraint of an electric-gas integrated energy system operation state model:
the initial normal operating state of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system obtained by the solution in the step 1 is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 initial Normal running State of the Electricity-gas Integrated energy System
Figure BDA0002397268420000101
Figure BDA0002397268420000111
Step 2, extracting a network topological structure of the system based on an operation result in an initial normal state, and processing to obtain a structural vulnerability parameter of the element;
step 2.1, natural gas is obtained by treatmentCapability betweenness centrality parameter CBC of pipelinep：
Step 2.2, processing and obtaining capability degree centrality parameter CDC of the natural gas pipelinep：
Step 2.3, processing and obtaining the electrical betweenness centrality parameter EBC of the power linek：
Step 2.4, processing and obtaining electrical degree centrality parameter EDC of power linek：
Simulating element faults including power line tripping and natural gas pipeline outage, and calculating the operation result of the system in the fault state;
step 3.1, simulating the outage fault of the natural gas pipeline, and calculating the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline and the active power flow increment of the power line:
step 3.2, simulating the power line disconnection fault (or the power line tripping caused by the misoperation of the relay protection device), and calculating the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline and the active power flow increment of the power line:
step 4, processing to obtain a natural gas system airflow distribution entropy and a power system power flow distribution entropy based on an operation result in a fault state, so as to obtain an operation vulnerability parameter of the element;
step 4.1, processing and obtaining the vulnerability parameter PFI of the outage fault of the natural gas pipelinep：
Step 4.2, processing according to the following formula to obtain a fault vulnerability parameter L FI of the power linek：
And 5, calculating the weight of each parameter by using an optimal combination weight method based on each vulnerability parameter obtained in the step 2 and the step 4, thereby obtaining the comprehensive vulnerability of the element.
Step 5.1, establishing the following optimal combination weight model, and calculating the optimal weight of each vulnerability parameter:
and 5.2, integrating the structural vulnerability parameters and the operation vulnerability parameters obtained in the step 2 and the step 4 to obtain the integrated vulnerability of the natural gas pipeline and the power line:
and 5.3, calculating comprehensive weakness values of the natural gas pipelines and the lines according to the step 5.2, selecting elements with high comprehensive weakness for key protection, and improving the reliability of the elements by thickening the power lines and reinforcing the natural gas pipelines.
And (3) calculating the comprehensive fragility of each element in the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system, sorting the elements from large to small, and screening the natural gas pipelines and the power lines which are ranked in the top five as the fragile elements, wherein the comprehensive fragility values of the fragile elements are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 comprehensive vulnerability value of vulnerable component of electro-pneumatic comprehensive energy system
Figure BDA0002397268420000121
It can be seen that the screened vulnerable elements are all key elements playing an important role in the network transmission function, and at the same time, once the elements fail, the elements are very easy to have a great influence on the own system or the coupled system, so that a large-scale failure is caused, and the safe operation of the system is endangered, for example, the natural gas pipeline P9-10、P8-9And power line L1-2. Therefore, in the context of deep coupling of an electric power system and a natural gas system, system operators need to pay attention not only to the influence of the system on the vulnerability of the elements, but also to the influence of the coupling system on the vulnerability of the elements.
According to the method, the comprehensive weakness of each element in the system is calculated quantitatively, the weak elements are found out and are subjected to key protection, so that the overall operation reliability and robustness of the system are improved, and the probability of large-area faults of the system is reduced.

Claims (6)

1. A method for improving the vulnerability of elements of an electricity-gas integrated energy system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, inputting original data, establishing an operation state model of the electricity-gas integrated energy system, and calculating to obtain an operation result of the system in an initial normal state;
step 2, extracting a network topological structure of the electricity-gas integrated energy system according to an operation result in an initial normal state, and processing to obtain structural vulnerability parameters of elements;
step 3, simulating element faults including power line outage and natural gas pipeline outage, and obtaining an operation result of the electricity-gas integrated energy system in a fault state by using an electricity-gas integrated energy system operation state model;
step 4, processing and obtaining a natural gas system airflow distribution entropy and a power system power flow distribution entropy based on an operation result in a fault state, so as to obtain an operation vulnerability parameter of the element;
step 5, calculating the weight of each parameter by using an optimal combination weight method based on each vulnerability parameter obtained in the step 2 and the step 4, thereby obtaining the comprehensive vulnerability of the element; and selecting elements with higher comprehensive weakness for processing, and improving the reliability of the elements by thickening power lines and reinforcing natural gas pipelines.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the step 1 is specifically as follows:
step 1.1, establishing a minimum Minf of the sum of the operating energy consumption of the natural gas system and the power system as an objective function of an operating state model of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system:
Figure FDA0002397268410000011
in the formula phig、ΦeRespectively a natural gas node set and a power grid node set;
Figure FDA0002397268410000012
respectively indicating the gas supply amount and the gas load removal amount of a gas source of a natural gas node i in a state l;
Figure FDA0002397268410000013
the energy consumption for the operation of the natural gas node i in the state l is generally
Figure FDA0002397268410000014
And
Figure FDA0002397268410000015
a quadratic or linear function of;
Figure FDA0002397268410000016
and
Figure FDA0002397268410000017
respectively obtaining the active output power of a conventional unit, the active output power of a gas unit and the cut-off quantity of the power load power of a power grid node j in a state l;
Figure FDA0002397268410000018
for the operation energy consumption of the grid node j in the state l, the energy consumption is generally
Figure FDA0002397268410000019
And
Figure FDA00023972684100000110
a quadratic or linear function of; i. j is the ordinal number of the natural gas node and the power grid node respectively; l is an ordinal number of the system running state, and the initial normal running state is represented when l is 0;
step 1.2, establishing equivalent constraint of the following electric-gas integrated energy system operation state model:
Figure FDA00023972684100000111
Figure FDA00023972684100000112
Figure FDA00023972684100000113
Figure FDA0002397268410000021
Figure FDA0002397268410000022
Figure FDA0002397268410000023
in the formula, Fload,i、
Figure FDA0002397268410000024
Respectively the gas load of a natural gas node i and the gas consumption of the gas unit in a state l; (i, t) denotes a natural gas pipeline connecting the head end node i and the tail end node t; phipipeRepresents a collection of natural gas pipelines;
Figure FDA0002397268410000025
representing the amount of gas flowing through the natural gas pipeline (i, t) in state l; mitRepresenting a transmission parameter of the natural gas pipeline (i, t);
Figure FDA0002397268410000026
respectively representing the pressure square values of natural gas nodes i and t in the state l; pload,jRepresenting the active power load of the grid node j; (j, s) represents a power line connecting the head end node j and the tail end node s; philineRepresenting a set of power lines;
Figure FDA0002397268410000027
represents the active power flowing through the power line (j, s) in state l; x is the number ofjsRepresents the reactance of the power line (j, s);
Figure FDA0002397268410000028
and
Figure FDA0002397268410000029
respectively indicate that the grid nodes j and s are atVoltage phase angle at state l; gHV、ηG2PRespectively representing the heat value of natural gas and the power generation efficiency of a gas unit, j ∈ i representing that the natural gas fuel of the gas unit on a power grid node j is provided by a natural gas node i, Psour,jη showing the active power consumed by the source connected to grid node j to maintain normal operationP2GI ∈ j represents that the working power supply of the gas source on the natural gas node i is provided by a power grid node j;
step 1.3, establishing an inequality constraint of an electric-gas integrated energy system operation state model:
Figure FDA00023972684100000210
Figure FDA00023972684100000211
Figure FDA00023972684100000212
Figure FDA00023972684100000213
Figure FDA00023972684100000214
Figure FDA00023972684100000215
Figure FDA00023972684100000216
Figure FDA00023972684100000217
Figure FDA00023972684100000218
Figure FDA00023972684100000219
Figure FDA00023972684100000220
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00023972684100000221
the working state of an air source on a natural gas node i under the state l is shown, when the normal working value of the air source is 1, otherwise, the working state is 0; means when the electrical load shedding amount of grid node j is greater than a certain threshold, i.e.
Figure FDA00023972684100000222
Then
Figure FDA00023972684100000223
Indicating that the supplied gas source is shut down; the superscripts of the letters carry "max" and "min" respectively, which represent the upper and lower limits of the variable;
and finally, inputting the original data into the model to solve to obtain the running result of the system in the initial normal state.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the step 2 is specifically as follows:
step 2.1, according to the upper limit of the output of the gas source at the natural gas node i
Figure FDA0002397268410000031
Gas consumption of gas unit under initial normal operation state at natural gas node t
Figure FDA0002397268410000032
Gas load F at natural gas node tload,tProcessing and obtaining the capacity betweenness centrality parameter CBC of the natural gas pipeline according to the following formulap：
Figure FDA0002397268410000033
Figure FDA0002397268410000034
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002397268410000035
representing a set of shortest paths between natural gas nodes i and t;
Figure FDA0002397268410000036
the weight of the mth shortest path between the nodes i and t is represented by a calculation formula;
Figure FDA0002397268410000037
representing the gas consumption of the gas unit of the natural gas node i in an initial normal operation state;
Figure FDA0002397268410000038
the transmission capacity of the mth shortest path between the nodes i and t is represented and is the minimum value of the transmission capacities of all the natural gas pipelines contained in the shortest path;
Figure FDA0002397268410000039
a decision variable indicating whether the natural gas pipeline p is in the shortest path, when the natural gas pipeline p is in the mth shortest path between the nodes i and t,
Figure FDA00023972684100000310
otherwise
Figure FDA00023972684100000311
m is the ordinal number of the shortest path between the natural gas nodes i and t; p is the ordinal number of the natural gas pipeline;
step 2.2, according to the upper limit of the output of the gas source at the natural gas node i
Figure FDA00023972684100000312
Gas consumption of gas unit in initial normal operation state at natural gas node i
Figure FDA00023972684100000313
Gas load F at natural gas node iload,iProcessing and obtaining the capability degree centrality parameter CDC of the natural gas pipeline according to the following formulap：
Figure FDA00023972684100000314
CDCp＝(dcap,p1+dcap,p2)/2
In the formula, c(i,t)The transmission capacity of the natural gas pipeline (i, t) is shown, t ∈ i shows that a natural gas node t is connected with the node i, and p1 and p2 are a head end node and a tail end node of the natural gas pipeline p respectively;
step 2.3, according to the upper limit of the output of the conventional unit at the j position of the power grid node
Figure FDA00023972684100000315
Upper limit of gas turbine set output
Figure FDA00023972684100000316
Active power load P at grid node sload,sThe active power P consumed by the gas source connected with the power grid node s to maintain normal worksour,sThe following formula is adopted to process and obtain the electrical betweenness centrality parameter EBC of the power linek：
Figure FDA00023972684100000317
Figure FDA00023972684100000318
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00023972684100000319
representing a shortest path set between the grid nodes j and s;
Figure FDA00023972684100000320
the weight of the nth shortest path between the nodes j and s is represented by a calculation formula;
Figure FDA0002397268410000041
the transmission capacity of the nth shortest path between the grid nodes j and s is represented and is the minimum value of the transmission capacities of all the power lines contained in the shortest path;
Figure FDA0002397268410000042
as a decision variable whether or not power line k is in the shortest path, when line k is in the nth shortest path between nodes j, s,
Figure FDA0002397268410000043
otherwise
Figure FDA0002397268410000044
n is the ordinal number of the shortest path between the grid nodes j and s; k is the ordinal number of the power line;
step 2.4, according to the upper limit of the output of the conventional unit at the j position of the power grid node
Figure FDA0002397268410000045
Upper limit of gas turbine set output
Figure FDA0002397268410000046
Active power load P at grid node jload,jAnd the active power P consumed by the gas source connected to the power grid node j to maintain normal worksour,jProcessing and obtaining the electrical degree centrality parameter EDC of the power line according to the following formulak：
Figure FDA0002397268410000047
EDCk＝(dcapa,k1+dcapa,k2)/2
In the formula, c(j,s)The transmission capacity of the power line (j, s) is shown, s ∈ j shows that the grid node s is connected with the node j, and k1 and k2 are respectively a head end node and a tail end node of the power line k.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the step 3 is specifically as follows:
step 3.1, according to the simulated natural gas pipeline outage fault, updating the network topology structure of the electricity-gas integrated energy system in the simulated natural gas pipeline outage fault process, inputting the updated network topology structure of the electricity-gas integrated energy system and original data into the operation state model of the electricity-gas integrated energy system to calculate and solve to obtain operation data of the system in the state, wherein the operation data comprises gas flow rate in the natural gas pipeline p fault state
Figure FDA0002397268410000048
And active power flow of natural gas pipeline p in fault state
Figure FDA0002397268410000049
And further calculating the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline and the active power flow increment of the power line under the outage fault of the natural gas pipeline according to the following formulas according to the operation data:
Figure FDA00023972684100000410
Figure FDA00023972684100000411
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00023972684100000412
respectively representing the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline q and the active power flow increment of the power line b caused by the shutdown fault of the natural gas pipeline p;
Figure FDA00023972684100000413
and
Figure FDA00023972684100000414
respectively representing the transmission capacity of the natural gas pipeline q, the gas flow in the initial normal state and the gas flow in the failure state of the natural gas pipeline p;
Figure FDA00023972684100000415
and
Figure FDA00023972684100000416
respectively representing the transmission capacity of the power line b, the active power flow in the initial normal state and the active power flow in the fault state of the natural gas pipeline p;
step 3.2, simulating the outage fault of the power line, updating the network topology structure of the electric-gas integrated energy system in the process of simulating the outage fault of the power line, inputting the updated network topology structure of the electric-gas integrated energy system and original data into the operation state model of the electric-gas integrated energy system, calculating and solving to obtain the operation data of the system in the state, wherein the operation data comprises the gas flow rate of the natural gas pipeline q in the k fault state of the power line
Figure FDA0002397268410000051
And the active power flow of the power line b in the fault state of the power line k
Figure FDA0002397268410000052
And further calculating the airflow increment and the electricity of the natural gas pipeline under the power line outage fault according to the following formula according to the operation dataActive power flow increment of the power line:
Figure FDA0002397268410000053
Figure FDA0002397268410000054
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002397268410000055
respectively representing the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline q and the active power flow increment of the power line b caused by the disconnection fault of the power line k;
Figure FDA0002397268410000056
representing the gas flow of the natural gas pipeline q in the fault state of the power line k;
Figure FDA0002397268410000057
representing the active power flow of the power line b in a fault condition of the power line k.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the step 4 is specifically as follows:
step 4.1, processing according to the airflow increment of the natural gas pipeline under the outage fault of the natural gas pipeline and the power line and the following formula to obtain the vulnerability parameter PFI of the outage fault of the natural gas pipelinep：
Figure FDA0002397268410000058
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002397268410000059
indicating the gas flow rate of the natural gas pipeline p in the initial normal state;
Figure FDA00023972684100000510
respectively representing natural gas system airflow distribution entropy and power system load flow distribution entropy caused by natural gas pipeline p outage fault; u. of1、u2Respectively representing the influence weight of the natural gas pipeline outage fault on a natural gas system and an electric power system;
the airflow distribution entropy and the load flow distribution entropy caused by the natural gas pipeline p fault are calculated as follows:
Figure FDA00023972684100000511
Figure FDA00023972684100000512
Figure FDA00023972684100000513
Figure FDA00023972684100000514
in the formula, ηqp、ηbpRespectively representing the airflow impact ratio caused by the shutdown fault of the natural gas pipeline p to the natural gas pipeline q and the power flow impact ratio caused by the shutdown fault of the natural gas pipeline p to the line b;
step 4.2, processing according to the active power flow increment of the power line under the outage fault of the natural gas pipeline and the power line and the following formula to obtain the fault vulnerability parameter L FI of the power linek：
Figure FDA00023972684100000515
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00023972684100000516
representing the active power flow power of the power line k in an initial normal state;
Figure FDA00023972684100000517
respectively representing the power flow distribution entropy of the power system and the airflow distribution entropy of the natural gas system caused by the k fault of the line; v. of1、v2Respectively representing the influence weight of the line fault on the power system and the natural gas system;
the power flow distribution entropy and the airflow distribution entropy caused by the fault of the line k are calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0002397268410000061
Figure FDA0002397268410000062
Figure FDA0002397268410000063
Figure FDA0002397268410000064
in the formula, ηbk、ηqkAnd respectively representing the power flow impact ratio caused by the disconnection fault of the line k to the line b and the airflow impact ratio caused to the natural gas pipeline q.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the step 5 is specifically as follows:
step 5.1, establishing the following optimal combination weight model, and calculating the optimal weight of each vulnerability parameter:
Figure FDA0002397268410000065
ρs,β＝τs,β/(τs,β+τo,β)
ρo,β＝τo,β/(τs,β+τo,β)
Figure FDA0002397268410000066
wβ≥0
in the formula, wβRepresents the optimal weight of the parameter β,. taus,β、τo,βRespectively representing subjective weight calculated by the parameter β according to an analytic hierarchy process and objective weight calculated according to an entropy weight process, and rhos,β、ρo,βThe weight bias coefficients of the dominant weight and the objective weight of the parameter β are respectively represented, M is the total number of all vulnerability parameters, β is the ordinal number of the vulnerability parameter;
and 5.2, integrating the structural vulnerability parameters and the operation vulnerability parameters obtained in the step 2 and the step 4, and obtaining the integrated vulnerability of each natural gas pipeline and each power line by adopting the following formula:
VG(p)＝ωg1CBCp+ωg2CDCp+ωg3PFIp
VE(k)＝ωe1EBCk+ωe2EDCk+ωe3LFIk
in the formula, ωg1、ωg2And ωg3Are respectively CBCp、CDCpAnd PFIpThe parameters are calculated according to the step 5.1 to obtain the optimal weight; omegae1、ωe2And ωe3Are respectively EBCk、EDCkAnd L FIkThe parameters are calculated according to the step 5.1 to obtain the optimal weight;
step 5.3, calculating the comprehensive vulnerability value of each natural gas pipeline/power line element according to the step 5.2, and improving the vulnerability of the electricity-gas comprehensive energy system according to the comprehensive vulnerability value specifically comprises the following steps: for the elements with the comprehensive weakness degree higher than the preset weakness degree threshold value, if the elements are power lines, measures of thickening the power lines, increasing the splitting number of the lines and replacing the elements with double-circuit lines are adopted; if the element is a natural gas pipeline, measures of thickening the wall of the natural gas pipeline and reducing the gas transmission pressure of the pipeline are taken.
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CN112260261B (en) * 2020-09-08 2022-05-27 浙江大学 Method for evaluating and improving vulnerability of electricity-gas comprehensive energy system
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CN113410842A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-17 天津大学 Method and device for calculating probability energy flow of comprehensive energy system considering linkage fault
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