CN111443162A - Hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching and use method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fractionation experimental devices, aiming at solving the technical problem that the hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device in the prior art can not simulate the earth water circulation process; the evaporation unit, the condensation unit and the landing unit form a process of earth water circulation, and the sampling unit samples at different stages in the process of earth water circulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fractionation experimental devices, and particularly relates to a hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching and a using method thereof.
Background
Isotopic fractionation refers to the phenomenon in which different isotopes of an element are distributed with different isotopic ratios between two or more substances (phases) during physical, chemical and biochemical processes due to the different isotopic masses. Atmospheric water or rainwater refers to water such as rain, snow, river, lake, underground water and the like which newly participate in atmospheric circulationAre collectively called. The water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen elements, the natural hydrogen has three isotopes of H protium, D deuterium and trace T tritium, the relative mass difference of hydrogen isotopes is the largest, and isotope fractionation is also the most obvious. Oxygen has16O，17O，18And O, three stable isotopes. Precipitation is an important link in the water circulation process of the nature, in the phase change process of seawater-atmospheric water-precipitation, the deuterium-oxygen isotope is in the internal relation, and the precipitation isotope is influenced by climatic and geographical factors, has obvious space-time change, and is related to geographical factors such as cloud cluster condensation temperature, rainfall, elevation and the like. The evaporation and condensation of water are the direct process of atmospheric precipitation hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope fractionation, and are also the important reasons for the difference of isotope compositions of different water bodies. The former hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experiment is often simpler and is mostly designed in scientific research process. The device is lack of a process experimental device for simulating isotope fractionation in the water circulation process of the earth, so that students cannot acquire effective data and images to show the result of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation effect, and the hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation effect in the water circulation process cannot be clearly shown.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oxygen-hydrogen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the oxygen-hydrogen isotope fractionation experimental device in the prior art cannot simulate the earth water circulation process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching comprises an evaporation unit, a condensation unit, a landing unit and a sampling unit, wherein the evaporation unit heats a sample to evaporate the sample into a gaseous state, the gaseous sample enters the condensation unit along a conveying pipe, the gaseous sample is condensed into a liquid state in the condensation unit and is conveyed to the landing unit through the conveying pipe, and the landing unit simulates various landing environments of the liquid sample; the evaporation unit, the condensation unit and the landing unit form a process of earth water circulation, and the sampling unit samples at different stages in the process of earth water circulation.
Further, the descending unit includes the simulation soil device, the simulation soil device includes the glass post, the entry of glass post passes through duct connection the condensing unit, the side of glass post is equipped with a plurality of second sampling tubes, the one end of second sampling tube is buried in the inside soil section of glass post, the other end is located the outside of glass post and is equipped with the sample valve.
Furthermore, a third control valve is installed on the conveying pipe connected with the inlet of the glass column, the third control valve is connected with the outlet of the second control valve, and the inlet of the second control valve is connected with the condensing unit.
Further, the descending unit comprises a lake water simulation device, the lake water simulation device comprises lake water test tubes, and inlets of the lake water test tubes are connected with the condensing unit through conveying pipes.
Furthermore, a fourth control valve is installed on a conveying pipe connected with an inlet of the lake water test tube, the fourth control valve is connected with an outlet of the second control valve, and an inlet of the second control valve is connected with the condensing unit.
Further, the condensing unit includes a plurality of condenser pipes that establish ties in proper order through the conveyer pipe, every the mounting height of condenser pipe all differs, the condenser pipe is inside to "8" font route, every all be equipped with gas escape pipeline on the condenser pipe, the end of gas escape pipeline is equipped with gas escape bubble.
Further, every the condenser pipe all connects the sample test tube through first sampling tube, every install sample switch on the first sampling tube.
Further, the evaporation unit comprises a flask and a temperature-controlled heater, and the temperature-controlled heater heats the flask; the flask passes through duct connection the condensing unit, the flask with install first control valve on the conveyer pipe that the condensing unit is connected.
Further, the soil conditioner also comprises a comparison experiment device which comprises a comparison flask, a temperature control heater and a comparison soil simulation device, wherein the temperature control heater heats the comparison flask; the contrast flask is through contrast duct connections contrast simulation soil device, contrast simulation soil device includes contrast glass post, the entry of contrast glass post is through contrast duct connections the contrast flask, contrast glass post side is equipped with a plurality of contrast sampling tubes, the contrast sampling tube corresponds the different soil layers of contrast glass post inside soil section, every be equipped with a contrast sample valve on the contrast sampling tube.
A use method of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching comprises the steps of filling a test sample into a flask, turning on a temperature control heater to heat the flask, and heating and evaporating the test sample in the flask; opening a first control valve to enable the sample evaporated into a gaseous state to enter a condensing unit, condensing the gaseous sample into a liquid state in the condensing unit, respectively opening sampling switches connected with condensing pipes in the condensing unit, respectively sampling the condensing pipes, and recording sampling time and sampling positions; opening a second control valve and a third control valve to enable the sample condensed into liquid to enter a simulated soil device, and opening a fourth control valve to enable the sample condensed into liquid to enter a simulated lake water device; observing whether the soil profile is wet or not through a glass column of the soil simulating device, opening a sampling valve connected with the side surface of the glass column after the soil profile is wet to be saturated with water, sampling different profiles of the soil, and recording sampling time and sampling positions; closing the fourth control valve, sampling the simulated lake water device, and recording the sampling time and the sampling position; after the set time, sampling again from the sampling position in the previous step, and recording the sampling time and the sampling position to obtain a plurality of groups of samples; and detecting the composition of the H-O isotopes in the obtained multiple groups of samples, expressing the composition by using thousandths of value based on Vienna average seawater as a standard, and collating data to obtain the change rule of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the earth water circulation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the evaporation unit, the condensation unit, the landing unit and the like are arranged to simulate the whole process of earth water circulation, and the sampling unit is used for sampling each stage of the earth water circulation process, so that more accurate experimental data can be obtained, and the whole process of earth water circulation and the time-space change of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope in the earth water circulation process can be visually shown;
(2) the invention shows the change of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope after being influenced by space and environment by arranging the condenser pipes with different installation heights, the soil simulating device and the lake water simulating device;
(3) according to the invention, the condensing pipe is designed, so that the condensing effect is enhanced, the experimental efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the condensing pipe is provided with the gas escape pipeline and the gas escape bubbles, so that light oxyhydrogen isotopes escape, meanwhile, non-condensable gas can be discharged, the internal pressure of the system is regulated, and the experimental safety is protected;
(4) the sampling unit is used for multi-position sampling, can acquire sample data in the whole process of earth water circulation, and has reliable data verification;
(5) the devices in the functional units can be assembled by the existing laboratory equipment, so that the device has the advantages of strong operability, simplicity and easiness in installation and low experiment cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a condenser tube of a condensing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a comparative experimental apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. As used in the description of the present invention, the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "up," "down" and "in" refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in figure 1, the hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching comprises an evaporation unit I, a condensation unit II, a landing unit III and a sampling unit, wherein the evaporation unit I heats a sample to evaporate the sample into a gaseous state, the gaseous sample enters the condensation unit II along a conveying pipe, the gaseous sample is condensed into a liquid state in the condensation unit II and is conveyed to the landing unit III through the conveying pipe, and the landing unit III simulates various landing environments of the liquid sample; the evaporation unit I, the condensation unit II and the landing unit III form a process of earth water circulation, and the sampling unit samples at different stages in the process of earth water circulation. The evaporation unit I, the condensation unit II, the landing unit III and the like are arranged to simulate the whole process of earth water circulation, and the sampling unit is used for sampling each stage of the earth water circulation process, so that more accurate experimental data can be obtained, and the whole process of earth water circulation and the time-space change of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the earth water circulation process can be visually shown;
the evaporation unit I comprises a flask 11 and a temperature control heater 12, a seawater sample with the hydrogen-oxygen isotope ratio of 0 is filled in the flask 11, a temperature control heater switch 121 on the temperature control heater 12 is turned on to heat the seawater sample in the flask 11 to evaporate the seawater sample into gaseous water, the gaseous water enters the condensation unit II through a conveying pipe 4, and the conveying pipe 4 is connected with an outlet of the flask through a flask stopper; a first control valve K1 is arranged on the conveying pipe 4 between the evaporation unit I and the condensation unit II and is used for controlling the evaporated gaseous water to enter the condensation unit II.
The condensation unit II comprises a first condensation pipe 21, a second condensation pipe 22 and a third condensation pipe 23 which are sequentially connected in series through a conveying pipe 4; gaseous water from the evaporation unit I firstly enters an inlet of the first condensation pipe 21, is primarily condensed in the first condensation pipe 21, and then sequentially enters the second condensation pipe 22 and the third condensation pipe 23 for further condensation to form liquid water, and the liquid water enters the landing unit III through the conveying pipe 4. The first condenser pipe 21 is installed at a position 0.3 meter above the flask 11, the second condenser pipe 22 is installed at a position 0.5 meter above the first condenser pipe 21, the third condenser pipe 23 is installed at a position 0.3 meter below the second condenser pipe 22, and the three condenser pipes simulate the process of ascending, condensing and descending of atmospheric water through spatial arrangement. Each condenser tube is connected with a sampling test tube 54 through a first sampling tube 52, sampling is carried out on different stages of simulating atmospheric water, and the first sampling tube 52 is inserted into the outlet end of the condenser tube; the first sampling tube 52 is provided with a sampling switch 53 for controlling sampling, in this embodiment, the first sampling tube 52 is a thin flexible tube and is fixed by a fixing tape 51, and a sampling test tube 54 is placed on a first test tube rack 55. Each condensing tube is provided with a gas escape pipeline 24, one end of the gas escape pipeline 24 is connected with the outlet side of the condensing tube, and the other end of the gas escape pipeline is provided with a gas escape bubble 25; the gas escape pipeline 24 is connected to the top of the condensation pipe, so that light isotope gas flow in the device can easily escape, the light isotope gas flow returns back and flows in the gas escape pipeline 24 to be further cooled and separated, the gas escape bubble 25 is provided with an accommodating cavity, the escape speed of the gas flow can be reduced by increasing the volume of the gas flow, sample consumption is further saved, and gas splashing is prevented; on the other hand, the structure of the gas escape pipeline 24 and the gas escape bubble 25 can adjust the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the device, and avoid the safety accident caused by the damage of the testing device due to the overlarge pressure difference. The condensation pipe in the embodiment can adopt a laboratory conventional condensation pipe or is additionally provided with a gas escape pipeline 24 and a gas escape bubble 25 in the embodiment; as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a condensation tube, the condensation tube is made of glass, and the internal passage is in a structure like "8" to prolong the retention time of the internal medium, and increase the heat exchange area and improve the condensation effect.
The descending unit III comprises a soil simulating device and a lake water simulating device, a second control valve K2 is arranged on the conveying pipe 4 connected with the outlet of the third condensing pipe 23, and a third control valve K3 is arranged between the second control valve K2 and the soil simulating device and used for controlling liquid water entering the soil simulating device; a fourth control valve K4 is arranged between the second control valve K2 and the simulated lake water device and is used for controlling the liquid water entering the simulated lake water device. The soil simulating device comprises a glass column 31, layered soil is filled in the glass column 31, the soil simulating structure is characterized in that two second sampling pipes 32 are arranged on the side surface of the glass column 31, one end of each second sampling pipe 32 is buried in a soil section, the other end of each second sampling pipe is located on the outer side of the glass column 31 and is provided with a sampling valve 33 for controlling sampling operation, sampling is carried out from different soil layers, and the inlet of the glass column 31 is connected with the outlet of a third control valve K3 through a cork and a conveying pipe 4. The lake water simulation device comprises a lake water test tube 34, the lake water test tube 34 is placed on a second test tube rack 35, the inlet of the lake water test tube 34 is connected with the outlet of a fourth control valve K4 through a test tube plug and a conveying pipe 4, and a lake water sample is filled in the lake water test tube 34. The invention shows the change of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope after being influenced by space and environment by arranging the condenser pipes with different installation heights, the soil simulating device and the lake water simulating device;
the soil profile comparison test device is also arranged for a soil profile comparison experiment, as shown in fig. 3, the soil profile comparison test device comprises a comparison flask 110, a temperature control heater 12 and a comparison soil simulation device, wherein the temperature control heater 12 heats the comparison flask 110; contrast flask 110 connects contrast simulation soil device through contrast conveyer pipe 40, contrast simulation soil device includes contrast glass post 310, contrast glass post 310's entry is passed through the cork and is connected contrast flask 110 with contrast conveyer pipe 40, the side of contrast glass post 310 is equipped with two contrast sampling pipes 320, contrast sampling pipe 320 corresponds the different soil layers of the inside soil profile of contrast glass post 310, be equipped with a contrast sample valve 330 on every contrast sampling pipe 320, be used for taking a sample to the contrast experimental apparatus.
And (4) testing the hydrogen and oxygen isotope content of the water body before the lake water sample experiment, wherein the initial value is used as a control. And (3) carrying out a comparison experiment on the soil section, spraying the water solution with the detected hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (as shown in figure 3), sampling and testing the water hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the soil section at different positions after saturation, and thus obtaining the water isotope ratio of the soil section obtained by the experiment through comparison.
The use method of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) filling a seawater sample with a hydrogen-oxygen isotope ratio of 0 into a flask 11, opening a temperature control heater switch 121 to heat the flask 11, so that the sample in the flask 11 is heated and evaporated, and observing the evaporated water amount through scales on the flask 11;
(2) opening a first control valve K1 to enable the sample evaporated into a gaseous state to enter a condensation unit II, and condensing the gaseous sample into a liquid state in the condensation unit II; observing the scale of the flask 11, observing each condensation pipe when the scale of the flask 11 is reduced by 5ml, observing the amount of condensed water at the bottom of each condensation pipe when 3 condensation pipes should have water vapor, and when the amount in the flask 11 is continuously reduced, respectively opening a sampling switch 53 connected with each condensation pipe in the condensation unit II when the requirement of sampling is met, respectively taking about 1.5ml of sample for each condensation pipe, recording the sampling time and the sampling position, and finishing sampling in the condensation unit II;
(3) opening a second control valve K2 and a third control valve K3 to enable the sample condensed into liquid to enter the simulated soil device, and opening a fourth control valve K4 to enable the sample condensed into liquid to enter the simulated lake water device; observing whether the soil section is wet or not through a glass column 31 of the soil simulation device, opening a sampling valve 33 connected with the side surface of the glass column 31 after the soil section is wet to be saturated with water, starting to sample different sections of the soil by using a second sampling tube 32 buried in the soil section, and recording sampling time and sampling positions; meanwhile, closing the fourth control valve K4, sampling the simulated lake water device, and recording the sampling time and the sampling position;
(4) after the set time, sampling is carried out again from the sampling position in the previous step, the sampling time and the sampling position are recorded, a plurality of groups of samples are obtained, and multi-position and multi-time-point sampling is realized.
(5) Detecting the composition of H-O isotopes in the obtained multiple groups of samples, expressing the composition by using a thousandth value based on Vienna average seawater as a standard, and collating data to obtain a change rule of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the earth water circulation process; the data processing method comprises the following steps:
the testing instrument can use a laser isotope analyzer (L GR9120032) to test the H-O isotope composition;
isotope test results are expressed in thousand scores (‰) based on the vienna mean seawater (VSMOW);18o and2the analytical errors of H were. + -. 0.2% and. + -. 1.0%, respectively. The expression for isotopic composition is:
wherein the value is the relative deviation between the isotope ratios between the sample and the standard,2h represents (A)2H/1H)sampleAnd (a)2H/1H)VSMOWThe deviation between the two points of the two-point contact,2h represents a hydrogen isotope with a neutron number of 1,1h represents a hydrogen isotope with a neutron number of 0, ((ii))2H/1H)sampleIsotopes representing hydrogen of samples2H/1H ratio of (A to B)2H/1H)VSMOWRepresents an isotope of hydrogen based on Vienna mean seawater (VSMOW)2H/1The ratio of H;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,18o represents (18O/16O)sampleAnd (a)18O/16O)VSMOWThe deviation between the two points of the two-point contact,18o represents an oxygen isotope with a neutron number of 10,16o represents an oxygen isotope having a neutron number of 8: (18O/16O)sampleIndicating the oxygen isotope of the sample18O/16O ratio of (1)18O/16O)VSMOWIsotope representing Vienna mean seawater (VSMOW) based as standard oxygen18O/16The ratio of O;
the sampling samples are completed in each time in the same time period and are a group, and after data are obtained, the data are processed in two ways:
(1) arranging and sorting each group of data according to sampling positions, marking the sampling positions, and analyzing the hydrogen-oxygen isotope ratio change of each position in forms of table images and the like;
(2) integrating each group of data, analyzing and sorting according to sampling time, and analyzing the change of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope ratio of each sampling position in the time change process;
by arranging the data, the change rule of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the water circulation process is obtained, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation effect of the water body is verified.
The devices in the functional units can be assembled by the existing laboratory equipment, so that the device has the advantages of strong operability, simplicity and easiness in installation and low experiment cost.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching is characterized by comprising an evaporation unit, a condensation unit, a landing unit and a sampling unit, wherein the evaporation unit heats a sample to evaporate the sample into a gaseous state, the gaseous sample enters the condensation unit along a conveying pipe, the gaseous sample is condensed into a liquid state in the condensation unit and is conveyed to the landing unit through the conveying pipe, and the landing unit simulates various landing environments of the liquid sample; the evaporation unit, the condensation unit and the landing unit form a process of earth water circulation, and the sampling unit samples at different stages in the process of earth water circulation.
2. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental device for teaching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the descending unit includes a simulated soil device, the simulated soil device includes a glass column, an inlet of the glass column is connected with the condensing unit through a conveying pipe, a plurality of second sampling pipes are provided on a side surface of the glass column, one end of each second sampling pipe is buried in a soil profile inside the glass column, and the other end of each second sampling pipe is located outside the glass column and is provided with a sampling valve.
3. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in claim 2, wherein a third control valve is installed on the delivery pipe connected to the inlet of the glass column, the third control valve is connected to the outlet of the second control valve, and the inlet of the second control valve is connected to the condensing unit.
4. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the descending unit comprises a lake water simulation device, the lake water simulation device comprises a lake water test tube, and an inlet of the lake water test tube is connected to the condensing unit through a delivery pipe.
5. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in claim 4, wherein a fourth control valve is installed on the delivery pipe connected to the inlet of the lake water test tube, the fourth control valve is connected to the outlet of the second control valve, and the inlet of the second control valve is connected to the condensing unit.
6. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condensation unit comprises a plurality of condensation pipes connected in series in sequence by delivery pipes, each condensation pipe has a different installation height, the interior of the condensation pipe is an "8" shaped passage, each condensation pipe is provided with a gas escape pipeline, and the end of the gas escape pipeline is provided with a gas escape bubble.
7. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in claim 6, wherein each of said condensation tubes is connected to a sampling test tube through a first sampling tube, and each of said first sampling tubes is provided with a sampling switch.
8. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation unit includes a flask and a temperature-controlled heater, the temperature-controlled heater heating the flask; the flask passes through duct connection the condensing unit, the flask with install first control valve on the conveyer pipe that the condensing unit is connected.
9. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a comparison experimental facility including a comparison flask, a temperature control heater and a comparison soil simulation facility, the temperature control heater heating the comparison flask; the contrast flask is through contrast duct connections contrast simulation soil device, contrast simulation soil device includes contrast glass post, the entry of contrast glass post is through contrast duct connections the contrast flask, contrast glass post side is equipped with a plurality of contrast sampling tubes, the contrast sampling tube corresponds the different soil layers of contrast glass post inside soil section, every be equipped with a contrast sample valve on the contrast sampling tube.
10. A use method of the hydrogen-oxygen isotope fractionation experimental facility for teaching as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising,
a sample is filled in the flask, and the temperature control heater is turned on to heat the flask, so that the sample in the flask is heated and evaporated;
opening a first control valve to enable the sample evaporated into a gaseous state to enter a condensing unit, condensing the gaseous sample into a liquid state in the condensing unit, respectively opening sampling switches connected with condensing pipes in the condensing unit, respectively sampling the condensing pipes, and recording sampling time and sampling positions;
opening a second control valve and a third control valve to enable the sample condensed into liquid to enter a simulated soil device, and opening a fourth control valve to enable the sample condensed into liquid to enter a simulated lake water device; observing whether the soil profile is wet or not through a glass column of the soil simulating device, opening a sampling valve connected with the side surface of the glass column after the soil profile is wet to be saturated with water, sampling different profiles of the soil, and recording sampling time and sampling positions; closing the fourth control valve, sampling the simulated lake water device, and recording the sampling time and the sampling position;
after the set time, sampling again from the sampling position in the previous step, and recording the sampling time and the sampling position to obtain a plurality of groups of samples;
and detecting the composition of the H-O isotopes in the obtained multiple groups of samples, expressing the composition by using thousandths of value based on Vienna average seawater as a standard, and collating data to obtain the change rule of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the earth water circulation process.
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| 马斌: "氢氧稳定同位素指示水体分馏与降水入渗补给研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库（电子期刊）》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115420811A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-12-02 | 河海大学 | Method for analyzing fractionation effect of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in evaporated water vapor |
| CN115420811B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-05-10 | 河海大学 | Analysis method for oxygen isotope fractionation effect in evaporated water vapor |
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