CN111413317A - Stimulated Raman gas sensing system based on annular optical fiber resonant cavity - Google Patents
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- CN111413317A CN111413317A CN202010354378.7A CN202010354378A CN111413317A CN 111413317 A CN111413317 A CN 111413317A CN 202010354378 A CN202010354378 A CN 202010354378A CN 111413317 A CN111413317 A CN 111413317A
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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- G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N2021/653—Coherent methods [CARS]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stimulated Raman gas sensing system based on an annular optical fiber resonant cavity, and belongs to the technical field of optical gas sensing. The system adopts the pump light as the seed light, utilizes the cavity resonance enhancement technology to lead the pump light energy to be coherently superposed in the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity, and the power is enhanced. And simultaneously, the Stokes light passes through the hollow photonic crystal fiber through a pair of dense wavelength division multiplexers to obtain stimulated Raman amplification, and the amplified Stokes light is detected by a photoelectric detector so as to invert the gas concentration. The invention effectively enhances the power of the pump light by utilizing the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, and can greatly improve the detection limit of the stimulated Raman gas sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical gas sensing, and particularly relates to a stimulated Raman gas sensing system based on an annular optical fiber resonant cavity.
Background
In various fields represented by deep-sea deep-space development, environmental pollution monitoring and medical disease diagnosis, the accurate measurement of the types and the concentrations of key trace gases has important significance, and a high-sensitivity optical gas sensing technology is indispensable. The stimulated Raman spectrum is a multifunctional gas sensing technology, the pumping light and the Stokes light simultaneously act with gas molecules, and when the optical frequency difference between the pumping light and the Stokes light and the Raman frequency shift v of the gas moleculesgasWhen the phase difference is equal to each other,the stokes light will be stimulated raman amplified. The process can provide a fingerprint spectrum of molecular vibration or rotation of the molecular gas, and the measured Raman frequency shift and the spectral line intensity respectively correspond to the type and the concentration of the gas. In the gas sensing technology, the stimulated raman amplification factor is in direct proportion to the power of pump light, but the output power of a semiconductor laser commonly used in a stimulated raman gas sensing system is only milliwatt level, and the current high-sensitivity measurement requirement on gas molecules is difficult to meet.
In order to increase the optical power of the pump light, the most common method is to amplify the output of the semiconductor laser with an optical power amplifier. However, the use of optical power amplifiers not only increases the overall power consumption and volume of the system, but also its inherent, broad-spectrum amplified spontaneous emission is a major factor causing stokes' optical noise, significantly affecting the detection sensitivity of the sensing system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a stimulated Raman gas sensing system based on a ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity, and solves the problem that the Stokes light noise is large due to low pump light power in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a stimulated raman gas sensing system based on a ring-shaped fiber resonator, the system comprising: the device comprises a pump light source, a Stokes light source, an annular optical fiber resonant cavity, a phase modulator, an accurate locking unit, a signal photoelectric detector and a data acquisition card; the pump light source is used as seed light of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, after the emitted light passes through the phase modulator, the length of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity is adjusted through the pump light and the accurate locking unit, so that the cavity mode of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity is locked to the emergent light frequency of the pump light source, and further, the pump light energy is coherently superposed in the annular optical fiber resonant cavity by utilizing a cavity resonance enhancement technology, and the power is enhanced; leading the gas to be detected into the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, and enabling light emitted by the Stokes light source to penetrate through the gas to be detected; when the optical frequency difference between the pumping light and the Stokes light is delta v and the Raman frequency shift v of the gas molecule to be measuredgasWhen the Stokes light passes through the gas to be detected to obtain stimulated Raman amplification, the amplified Stokes light signal is detected by the signal photoelectric detector, the Stokes light signal is collected by the data acquisition card, and the gas concentration is inverted after data processing.
Preferably, the pump light source is a near-infrared semiconductor laser.
Preferably, the annular optical fiber resonant cavity comprises a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler, piezoelectric ceramics, an output dense wavelength division multiplexer, an output butt-joint coupler, an input dense wavelength division multiplexer, a single mode fiber and a hollow photonic crystal fiber, wherein input ports of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler are A and B, output ports of the 2 × optical fiber coupler are C and D, a pump light source emits near infrared laser, the near infrared laser passes through a phase modulator and is connected with the input port A of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler through the single mode fiber, the output port C of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler is connected with the output dense wavelength division multiplexer through the single mode fiber, the single mode fiber is wound on the piezoelectric ceramics, the output dense wavelength division multiplexer, the output butt-joint coupler, the input butt-joint coupler and the input dense wavelength division fiber are connected in series, the output butt-joint coupler and the input butt-joint coupler are connected through the hollow photonic crystal fiber in series, and the other end of the input dense wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the input port B of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler through the single mode fiber.
Preferably, the input butt coupler and the output butt coupler are both composed of two coaxial optical fiber ceramic ferrules and an optical fiber ceramic sleeve wrapping the optical fiber ceramic ferrules, and a slit between the two optical fiber ceramic ferrules is smaller than 1 μm.
Preferably, the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is fixedly installed through the fiber ceramic ferrule.
Preferably, the gas to be measured is introduced into the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber through a slit of the fiber ceramic ferrule.
Preferably, the light emitted by the stokes light source passes through the input dense wavelength division multiplexer, the input butt coupler, the output butt coupler and the output dense wavelength division multiplexer in sequence, and is detected and collected by the signal photoelectric detector and the data collection card.
Preferably, the precise locking unit comprises a phase modulator, a frequency-locked photoelectric detector, a radio frequency signal source, an electronic mixer and a servo controller, wherein the radio frequency signal source controls the phase modulator to generate a sideband, the sideband and leakage laser of the annular fiber resonant cavity generate a beat frequency signal on the frequency-locked photoelectric detector through an output port D of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler, the electronic mixer extracts phase information by taking the radio frequency signal source as reference, the servo controller generates an error signal to adjust voltages at two ends of piezoelectric ceramics so as to control the cavity length of the annular fiber resonant cavity, finally the annular fiber resonant cavity mode locks the emergent light of the pump light source, and the pump light realizes coherent superposition in the annular fiber resonant cavity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the used annular optical fiber resonant cavity is composed of a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler, an input dense wavelength division multiplexer, an input butt coupler, an output butt coupler and an output dense wavelength division multiplexer, and has an all-optical fiber structure, compact structure and easy integration;
(2) the precise locking unit is used for realizing the tight locking of the optical frequency of the pump light and the cavity mode of the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity, so that the laser is coherently superposed in the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity, and no additional amplified spontaneous emission noise is introduced while the high-power pump light is obtained;
(3) introducing the gas to be detected into the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, wherein only a very small amount of sample gas with the magnitude of mu L is needed;
(4) the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is arranged in the resonance enhancement cavity, the high pumping power in the annular fiber resonant cavity is fully utilized, and the stimulated Raman amplification factor of Stokes light is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stimulated Raman gas sensing system based on a ring-shaped fiber resonator.
In the figure, 1, a pump light source, 2, a phase modulator, 3, 2 × 2 optical fiber couplers, 4, piezoelectric ceramics, 5, an output dense wavelength division multiplexer, 6, an output butt joint coupler, 7, an input butt joint coupler, 8, an input dense wavelength division multiplexer, 9, a frequency-locked photoelectric detector, 10, a radio frequency signal source, 11, an electronic mixer, 12, a servo controller, 13, a Stokes light source, 14, a signal photoelectric detector, 15, a data acquisition card
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a stimulated raman gas sensing system based on a ring-shaped fiber resonator comprises: the device comprises a pump light source 1, a phase modulator 2, a Stokes light source 13, an annular optical fiber resonant cavity, an accurate locking unit, a signal photoelectric detector 14 and a data acquisition card 15; the pumping light source 1 is used as seed light of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, the length of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity is adjusted through the pumping light and the accurate locking unit after the emitted light passes through the phase modulator 2, the pumping light can be coherently superposed in the annular optical fiber resonant cavity by utilizing a cavity resonance enhancing technology, and the power is enhanced; the gas to be measured is led into the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, and the light emitted by the Stokes light source 13 passes through the gas to be measured; when the optical frequency difference between the pumping light and the Stokes light is delta v and the Raman frequency shift v of the gas molecule to be measuredgasWhen the Stokes light passes through the gas to be detected to obtain stimulated Raman amplification, the amplified Stokes light signal is detected by the signal photoelectric detector 14, the Stokes light signal is collected by the data acquisition card, and the gas concentration is inverted after data processing.
In the embodiment, the pump light source is a near infrared semiconductor laser, the annular fiber resonant cavity comprises a 2 × 2 fiber coupler 3, a piezoelectric ceramic 4, an output dense wavelength division multiplexer 5, an output butt coupler 6, an input butt coupler 7, an input dense wavelength division multiplexer 8, a single mode fiber and a hollow photonic crystal fiber, the pump light source 1 emits near infrared laser, the near infrared laser passes through the phase modulator 2 and is connected with an input port A of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 3 through the single mode fiber, the single mode fiber connected with an output port C of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 3 is wound on the piezoelectric ceramic 4, in the embodiment, the number of the fibers connected with the 2 × 2 fiber coupler 3 is 4, the single mode fiber wound on the piezoelectric ceramic 4 is connected with the output dense wavelength division multiplexer 5, the output butt coupler 6, the input butt coupler 7 and the input dense wavelength division multiplexer 8 are connected in series, the output butt coupler 6 and the input dense wavelength division multiplexer 7 are connected with the single mode fiber through the input port B of the single mode fiber and the input dense wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the single mode fiber are connected with the input dense wavelength division multiplexer through the input optical fiber coupler 5398 through the input optical fiber and the input optical fiber coupler 6.
The input butt coupler 6 and the output butt coupler 7 are both composed of two coaxial optical fiber ceramic ferrules and an optical fiber ceramic sleeve wrapping the optical fiber ceramic ferrules, a slit is arranged on the optical fiber ceramic sleeve, a slit is arranged between the two optical fiber ceramic ferrules, and the slit is smaller than 1 micrometer. The hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is fixedly installed through the fiber ceramic inserting cores on the output butt coupler 6 and the input butt coupler 7. And when in detection, the gas to be detected is guided into the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber through the slit of the optical fiber ceramic ferrule and the slit of the optical fiber ceramic sleeve.
The propagation direction of the stokes light is opposite to that of the pump light, the light emitted by the stokes light source 13 sequentially passes through the input dense wavelength division multiplexer 8, the input butt coupler 7, the output butt coupler 6 and the output dense wavelength division multiplexer 5, and after the stimulated raman amplification of the hollow photonic crystal fiber between the input butt coupler 7 and the output butt coupler 6, the light is detected and collected by the signal photoelectric detector 14 and the data collection card 15.
The precise locking unit comprises a frequency-locking photoelectric detector 9, a radio frequency signal source 10, an electronic mixer 11 and a servo controller 12, wherein the radio frequency signal source 10 controls a phase modulator 2 to generate a sideband, the sideband and leakage laser of an annular optical fiber resonant cavity generate a beat frequency signal on the frequency-locking photoelectric detector 9 through an output port C of a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 3, then the radio frequency signal source 10 is used as a reference, the electronic mixer 11 extracts phase information, then the servo controller 12 generates an error signal to adjust voltages at two ends of a piezoelectric ceramic 4 to control the cavity length of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, finally the annular optical fiber resonant cavity mode is locked to emergent light frequency of a pump light source 1, and the pump light realizes coherent superposition in the annular optical fiber resonant cavity.
Claims (8)
1. A stimulated Raman gas sensing system based on a ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a pump light source, a Stokes light source, an annular optical fiber resonant cavity, a phase modulator, an accurate locking unit, a signal photoelectric detector and a data acquisition card; the pump light source is used as seed light of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, the length of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity is adjusted through the pump light and the accurate locking unit after the emitted light passes through the phase modulator, so that the cavity mode of the annular optical fiber resonant cavity is locked to the emergent light frequency of the pump light source, the pump light energy is coherently superposed in the annular optical fiber resonant cavity by using a cavity resonance enhancement technology, and the power is enhanced; leading the gas to be detected into the annular optical fiber resonant cavity, and enabling light emitted by the Stokes light source to penetrate through the gas to be detected; when the optical frequency difference between the pumping light and the Stokes light is delta v and the Raman frequency shift v of the gas molecule to be measuredgasWhen the Stokes light passes through the annular optical fiber resonant cavity to obtain stimulated Raman amplification, the amplified Stokes light signal is detected by the signal photoelectric detector, the Stokes light signal is collected by the data acquisition card, and the gas concentration is inverted after data processing.
2. The excited raman gas sensing system according to claim 1, wherein the pump light source is a near-infrared semiconductor laser.
3. The excited Raman gas sensing system based on the annular fiber resonant cavity according to claim 1, wherein the annular fiber resonant cavity comprises a 2 × 2 fiber coupler, a piezoelectric ceramic, an output dense wavelength division multiplexer, an output butt coupler, an input dense wavelength division multiplexer, a single mode fiber and a hollow photonic crystal fiber, an input port of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler is A, B, an output port of the 2C, D fiber coupler is C, D, the pump light source emits near infrared laser, the near infrared laser passes through a phase modulator and is connected with an input port A of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler through the single mode fiber, an output port C of the 2 × 2 fiber coupler is connected with the output dense wavelength division multiplexer through the single mode fiber, the single mode fiber is wound on the piezoelectric ceramic and is connected with the output dense wavelength division multiplexer, the output butt coupler, the input butt coupler and the input dense wavelength division multiplexer are connected in series, the output butt coupler and the input butt coupler are connected with the hollow photonic crystal fiber through a hollow photonic crystal fiber 2 × 2 at the other end, and the input dense wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the single mode fiber 852 fiber.
4. The excited raman gas sensing system according to claim 3, wherein said input and output butt couplers are each comprised of two coaxial fiber ceramic ferrules and a fiber ceramic sleeve surrounding said fiber ceramic ferrules, the slit between the two fiber ceramic ferrules being <1 μm.
5. The excited Raman gas sensing system based on the ring-shaped fiber resonator according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is fixedly installed through the fiber ceramic ferrule.
6. The excited Raman gas sensing system based on the ring-shaped fiber resonator according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the gas to be measured is introduced into the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber through the slit of the fiber ferrule.
7. The excited raman gas sensing system according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the light emitted from the stokes light source passes through the input dense wavelength division multiplexer, the input butt coupler, the output butt coupler and the output dense wavelength division multiplexer in sequence, and is detected and collected by the signal photodetector and the data collection card.
8. The excited Raman gas sensing system based on the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity according to claim 1, wherein the precision locking unit comprises a frequency-locked photodetector, a radio frequency signal source, an electronic mixer and a servo controller, wherein the radio frequency signal source controls a phase modulator to generate a sideband, a beat signal is generated on the frequency-locked photodetector with the leakage laser of the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity through an output port D of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler, the electronic mixer extracts phase information by taking the radio frequency signal source as a reference, then the servo controller generates an error signal to adjust the voltage at two ends of piezoelectric ceramics so as to control the cavity length of the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity, finally the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity mode is locked to the emergent light frequency of the pump light source, and the pump light realizes coherent superposition in the ring-shaped optical fiber resonant cavity.
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| CN112098344A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 上海交通大学 | High-frequency DFWM quantitative measuring device and method for nitrogen oxide |
| CN113890625A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Device and method for phase alignment of array optical communication telescope |
| CN114336242A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for automatically matching wavelength of active optical fiber annular cavity and light source |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112098344A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 上海交通大学 | High-frequency DFWM quantitative measuring device and method for nitrogen oxide |
| CN112098344B (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-12-24 | 上海交通大学 | High-frequency DFWM quantitative measuring device and method for nitrogen oxide |
| CN113890625A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-04 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Device and method for phase alignment of array optical communication telescope |
| CN113890625B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2024-02-02 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Device and method for aligning phases of array optical communication telescope |
| CN114336242A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for automatically matching wavelength of active optical fiber annular cavity and light source |
| CN114336242B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-10-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for automatically matching wavelength of active optical fiber annular cavity and light source |
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