CN111385110B - Network management method and device - Google Patents
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- CN111385110B CN111385110B CN201811616141.0A CN201811616141A CN111385110B CN 111385110 B CN111385110 B CN 111385110B CN 201811616141 A CN201811616141 A CN 201811616141A CN 111385110 B CN111385110 B CN 111385110B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0893—Assignment of logical groups to network elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/04—Network management architectures or arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/20—Network management software packages
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Abstract
The application provides a network management method and a network management device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: by adopting the scheme, the network can be automatically managed based on the management intents, the labor cost is greatly reduced, the requirement of new wireless can be met, and the problem that a network management method in the related technology cannot meet the requirement of new wireless is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to, but not limited to, the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for managing a network.
Background
In the related art, in the Management field of a wireless communication System, an interface between a Network Management System (NMS) and an Element Management System (EMS) is referred to as an north interface (Itf-N). The EMS mainly completes a Network element Management layer function in an International Telecommunications Union (ITU for short) Telecommunications Management Network (TMN for short), that is, a Management function of one or more mobile communication devices, and generally, the EMS between different device providers cannot be used universally. NMS mainly completes the network management layer function in ITU TMN and is responsible for the management of all network elements in a managed network. In the case where multiple device providers exist in a managed network (called a subnet, see 3gpp TS 28.622), the purpose of managing the entire subnet can be achieved by respective EMS management.
The operator's entire management system generally further includes an Operation Support System (OSS) and a service support system (BSS), and from a general point of view, the NMS is generally considered to be included in the OSS and is a part of the OSS.
At present, the industry has started the research and construction of the fifth generation mobile communication system 5G Network, and the Network Slice (Network Slice) is an important component of the 5G Network. By network slice, it is mainly meant an instantiated complete logical network with specific network characteristics, which is composed of a set of network functions (including network resources supporting the network functions), and is used to meet the requirements of a specific network service. Examples of network characteristics here are ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability, etc.
When a Network Slice is complex, for the convenience of management, the Network Slice may be decomposed into sub-slices (Network Slice networks), where a sub-Slice refers to a logical Network with specific Network characteristics, and a group of Network functions and Network resources supporting the Network functions form the logical Network. A network slice may contain 0, 1 or more sub-slices. The Management and arrangement of the sub-slices are performed by a sub-Slice Management Function (NSSMF).
For a 5G network, a network slice is provided for a specific communication service to provide support, so from the management of the entire 5G network slice, a Communication Service Management Function (CSMF) is further included, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the management of a network slice according to the related art, as shown in fig. 1, so that the management of the 5G network slice is divided into three layers: communication service Management Function CSMF-Slice Management Function NSMF (Network Slice Management Function) -sub-Slice Management Function NSSMF.
The management of the 5G network will also include basic management functions of configuration, performance, alarm, etc., but will be improved or enhanced according to new management needs. In the 5G stage, an important requirement for enhancing the management function is provided.
For the problem that the network management method in the related art cannot meet the new wireless requirement, no effective solution is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a network management method and a network management device, which at least solve the problem that the network management method in the related art cannot adapt to new wireless requirements.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a management method of a network, including: receiving a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used for indicating the intention of managing the current network; inquiring a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention; executing the first automated management process in the network.
According to another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a management apparatus of a network, including: a receiving module, configured to receive a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used to indicate an intention to manage a current network; the query module is used for querying a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention; an execution module to execute the first automated management process in the network.
According to a further embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform the steps of any of the above method embodiments when executed.
According to yet another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided an electronic device, comprising a memory in which a computer program is stored and a processor arranged to run the computer program to perform the steps of any of the above method embodiments.
According to the method and the device, the automatic management processes corresponding to different management intents are stored in advance, the current first management intention is received, the first automatic management process capable of achieving the first management intention is obtained, and the first automatic management process is executed in the network.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of management of a network slice according to the related art;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a hardware configuration of a server of a management method of a network according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a management method of a network according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a first method of intent based management according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a second method for intent-based management according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Example one
The embodiment of the application provides a mobile communication network (including but not limited to a 5G mobile communication network), and the network architecture of the network can comprise a network side device (such as a base station) and a terminal. It should be noted that, the operating environment of the network management method provided in this embodiment of the present application is not limited to the network architecture.
The method provided by the first embodiment of the present application may be executed in a server or a similar computing device. Taking a server as an example, fig. 2 is a hardware structure block diagram of a server of a management method of a network according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the server may include one or more processors 202 (only one is shown in fig. 2) (the processor 202 may include, but is not limited to, a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA), and a memory 204 for storing data, and optionally, the server may further include a transmission device 206 for a communication function and an input/output device 208. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 2 is only an illustration, and is not a limitation to the structure of the server. For example, the server may also include more or fewer components than shown in FIG. 2, or have a different configuration than shown in FIG. 2.
The memory 204 may be used to store software programs and modules of application software, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the management method of the network in the embodiment of the present application, and the processor 202 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 204, so as to implement the method described above. Memory 204 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some examples, the memory 204 may further include memory located remotely from the processor 202, which may be connected to a server over a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The transmission means 206 is used for receiving or sending data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of the server. In one example, the transmission device 206 includes a Network adapter (NIC) that can be connected to other Network devices through a base station to communicate with the internet. In one example, the transmission device 206 can be a Radio Frequency (RF) module, which is used for communicating with the internet in a wireless manner.
In this embodiment, a management method for a network running on the server is provided, and fig. 3 is a flowchart of a management method for a network according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, the flowchart includes the following steps:
step S302, receiving a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used for indicating the intention of managing the current network;
the first management intent may be received from a consumer of intent processing, which may be, for example, an operation support system OSS, a communication service management function CSMF, or a network management system NMS.
Step S304, inquiring a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention;
the above step S304 may be performed by the provider of the intended processing service, e.g. an OSS, a CSMF or an NMS, or an NSMF, a sub-slice management function NSSMF, an element management system EMS, a slice management function NFMF or the network slice NF itself.
Step S306, executing the first automated management process in the network.
Through the steps, the automatic management processes corresponding to different management intents are stored in advance, the current first management intention is received, the first automatic management process capable of achieving the first management intention is obtained, and the first automatic management process is executed in the network.
Optionally, receiving the first management intent comprises one of: receiving at least one of the following information included in the first management intent: an intent type, a target parameter corresponding to the intent type; receiving natural language characters or voice information, and acquiring at least one of the following information according to the natural language characters or the voice information: an intention type, a target parameter corresponding to the intention type; wherein the intention type is used to indicate a type of the first management intention altering content of the network, and the target parameter is used to indicate a network parameter of the network altered by the first management intention.
The intent types include network performance target changes, cell home changes, etc. The target parameter may be represented by a list of name-value pairs.
Optionally, executing the first automated management process in the network includes: starting a first script in the network according to the first automatic management process; inputting a target parameter included by the first management intention into the first script; executing the first script completes management of the network.
Optionally, before querying a first automated management process corresponding to the first management intention, acquiring automated management processes respectively set for management intents corresponding to multiple intention types; and storing the mapping relation between the automatic management process and the intention type.
Optionally, querying a first automated management process corresponding to the first management intention includes: obtaining an intention type of the first management intention; and inquiring a first automatic management process corresponding to the intention type according to the mapping relation.
The following description is made in conjunction with another embodiment of the present application.
In the 5G network system, artificial intelligence AI technology and big data technology may be introduced, based on these technologies, the 5G system will have intelligent analysis and decision-making capability, if the results of these intelligent analysis and decision-making can be automatically executed, the automatic management of the 5G network can be basically realized.
For the automatic management of the network, the problem of how to trigger the automatic management process is involved. One method is an intention-based management method, in which a system administrator (operator, etc.) inputs his intention, i.e., a management target he wishes to accomplish, into a system, and the system performs an automatic management operation according to the intention to achieve the management target of the administrator. Here, the intent entered by the administrator may be divided into different granularities depending on the degree of automation supported by the system. If the automation degree is high, only the intention of what kind of network is established may be input when the network is established, and the automatic management during the deployment, the establishment and the operation of the network can be completed. When the degree of automation is not yet high, it may be necessary to input more specific intentions, such as configuring the network so that the network meets certain performance criteria, making a change in cell affiliation, etc. Therefore, the intended application mechanism is a key issue for automated network management.
In order to overcome the problem that no specific intention-based management implementation mechanism exists in the mobile network management technology in the related art, the scheme in another embodiment of the present application provides a solution to solve the problem by providing an intention-based management mechanism.
Another embodiment of the present application is directed to a method comprising the steps of:
step 1, receiving a management intention input by a user, wherein the management intention comprises an intention type and a corresponding target parameter;
step 2, analyzing the intention according to the received management intention, and finding out an automatic management flow corresponding to the interior of the management system;
and 3, starting a corresponding automatic management process to finish automatic management.
Further, if the system supports a higher degree of automation or artificial intelligence, the following steps are included:
step 1, receiving a management intention input by natural language characters or voice of a user;
step 2, analyzing the management intention input by the natural language, and converting the management intention into a specific management intention type and a corresponding target parameter;
step 3, analyzing the intention according to the received management intention, and finding out an automatic management flow corresponding to the interior of the management system;
and 4, starting a corresponding automatic management process to finish automatic management.
The specific intention types are generally classified according to an automated management process available by a management system, such as network performance target change, cell home change, and the like; the specific target parameters are determined according to the specific type of intention, for example, the parameters for network performance target change may include a specific changed target (an identifier of a network or a subnet or a slice or a subslice), performance parameters that need to be completed (a supported application type, a maximum supported number of users, a maximum rate, and the like); for the cell attribution change, the parameters may be the cell number, the target network element number, etc. which need to be attributed.
Specifically, in the interface definition, the intent type may be represented by an enumeration type or an integer constant, such as NET _ requests _ UPDATE (network performance goal change), CELL _ refer (CELL home change), etc.; specific target parameters may be represented by a list of name-value pairs.
The automatic management process may be a complete AI automatic process or a predefined script process that can be automatically executed.
For the AI automatic process, the process carries out dynamic analysis according to the input intention type and target parameters, and a preset AI knowledge base and strategy, determines corresponding configuration operation and parameters, and finally achieves the intention target.
For the script flow, (the intention processing module) selects the predefined automatic execution script flow according to the input intention type and the target parameter, starts the corresponding script, inputs the corresponding parameter, and executes the script to finish the intention target.
In specific implementation, a module for receiving a user intention and performing intention processing can be called an intention processing module, and a service provided by the module is an intention processing service; the user who issues the intention is called a consumer of the intention processing service, and the intention processing module which receives the intention of the user is a provider of the intention processing service. In general, the consumer of the intent processing service may be an OSS, CSMF, or NMS, while the intent processing module (the intent processing service provider) may be located at the OSS, CSMF, or NMS, or at the NSMF, NSSMF, EMS, NFMF, or the NF itself.
Example one:
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a first method for intent-based management according to another embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an intention processing module (intention processing service provider) receives an administrative intention input by a user (intention processing service consumer), wherein the administrative intention comprises an intention type and corresponding target parameters;
step two, the intention processing module finds the corresponding automatic management process according to the received management intention, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: analyzing the intention and finding out a corresponding automatic management flow inside the management system;
and step three, starting a corresponding automatic management flow by the intention processing module to finish automatic management.
Example two:
fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a second method for intention-based management according to another embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, including the following steps:
step one, an intention processing module (intention processing service provider) receives natural language management intention description input by a user (intention processing service consumer), and specifically comprises the following steps: a description of a management intent in the form of natural language text or speech;
secondly, analyzing the natural language intention description by an intention processing module to convert the natural language intention description into a specific management intention type and corresponding target parameters, and specifically, carrying out intelligent analysis according to the received management intention description to obtain the specific intention type and the corresponding target parameters;
thirdly, finding a corresponding automatic management flow according to the received management intention by the intention processing module, specifically, finding a corresponding automatic management flow in the management system by a specific intention type;
fourthly, starting a corresponding automatic management flow by the intention processing module to complete automatic management;
example three:
an intent-based management method comprising the steps of:
step one, an intention processing module (intention processing service provider) positioned in NSMF receives an input management intention from an intention processing service consumer positioned in CSMF, wherein the management intention comprises an intention type and a corresponding target parameter; the intention type is represented by an integer constant, such as NET _ requests _ UPDATE (network performance goal change), CELL _ home (CELL home change), etc.; a specific target parameter may be represented by a list of name-value pairs.
Secondly, analyzing the intention by the intention processing module according to the received management intention to find out the corresponding automatic management flow inside the management system; the automated management process is a predefined script process that can be automatically executed, such as Python + Selenium script.
And step three, starting a corresponding automatic management process by the intention processing module, and inputting corresponding target parameters. And after the automatic management process is executed, completing the automatic management.
Example four:
an intent-based management method comprising the steps of:
step one, an intention processing module (intention processing service provider) positioned in an OSS (or CSMF) receives a management intention input by a user (intention processing service consumer), wherein the management intention can be a management intention description in a natural language text or voice form;
secondly, analyzing the intention by an intention processing module according to the received management intention to obtain a specific intention type and a corresponding target parameter; the intent type may be represented by an integer constant, such as NET _ requests _ UPDATE (network performance goal change), CELL _ home (CELL home change), etc.; specific target parameters may be represented by a list of name-value pairs.
Step three, the intention processing module sends the analyzed intention type and the corresponding target parameter to NMS (or NSMF);
step four, NMS (or NSMF) analyzes according to the received intention type and corresponding target parameters, and finds out the corresponding automatic management flow inside the management system; the automatic management process is a predefined script process that can be automatically executed, such as Python + Selenium script.
And step five, the NMS (or NSMF) starts a corresponding automatic management process and inputs corresponding target parameters. And after the automatic management process is executed, completing the automatic management.
Example five:
an intent-based management method comprising the steps of:
step one, an intention processing module (intention processing service provider) positioned in an OSS (or CSMF) receives a management intention input by a user (intention processing service consumer), wherein the management intention can be a management intention description in a natural language text or voice form;
and step two, the intention processing module analyzes the intention according to the received management intention to obtain specific management operation or management script and corresponding parameters which are specifically executed to meet the requirement of the intention.
Step three, the intention processing module sends the specific management operation or management script obtained by analysis and the corresponding parameters to the NMS (or NSMF);
step four, NMS (or NSMF) executes corresponding management operation or management operation sequence according to the received specific management operation or management script and corresponding parameters, thus completing automatic management.
The method aims to overcome the problem that no specific intention-based management implementation mechanism exists in the mobile network management technology in the related art, and provides a solution for solving the problem by providing an intention-based management mechanism.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method according to the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but the former is a better implementation mode in many cases. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application or portions thereof that contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, where the computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, and an optical disk), and includes several instructions for enabling a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the method described in the embodiments of the present application.
Example two
In this embodiment, a management apparatus for a network is further provided, and the apparatus is used to implement the foregoing embodiments and preferred embodiments, and details of which have been already described are omitted. As used below, the term "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.
According to another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a management apparatus of a network, including:
a receiving module, configured to receive a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used to indicate an intention to manage a current network;
the query module is used for querying a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention;
an execution module to execute the first automated management procedure in the network.
Through the steps, the automatic management processes corresponding to different management intents are stored in advance, the current first management intention is received, the first automatic management process capable of achieving the first management intention is obtained, and the first automatic management process is executed in the network.
Optionally, the receiving module is configured to receive at least one of the following information included in the first management intention: an intention type, a target parameter corresponding to the intention type;
or, the system is further configured to receive natural language text or voice information, and obtain at least one of the following information according to the natural language text or voice information: an intent type, a target parameter corresponding to the intent type;
wherein the intention type is used to indicate a type of the content of the network changed by the first management intention, and the target parameter is used to indicate a network parameter of the network changed by the first management intention.
Optionally, the executing module is further configured to execute the following steps, including: starting a first script in the network according to the first automatic management process; inputting a target parameter included by the first management intention into the first script; executing the first script completes management of the network.
It should be noted that, the above modules may be implemented by software or hardware, and for the latter, the following may be implemented, but not limited to: the modules are all positioned in the same processor; alternatively, the modules are respectively located in different processors in any combination.
EXAMPLE III
Embodiments of the present application also provide a storage medium. Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the storage medium may be configured to store program codes for performing the following steps:
s1, receiving a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used for indicating the intention of managing the current network;
s2, inquiring a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention;
and S3, executing the first automatic management process in the network.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the storage medium may include, but is not limited to: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and various media capable of storing program codes.
Embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein and a processor configured to execute the computer program to perform the steps of any of the above method embodiments.
Optionally, the electronic apparatus may further include a transmission device and an input/output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor, and the input/output device is connected to the processor.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor may be configured to execute the following steps by a computer program:
s1, receiving a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used for indicating the intention of managing the current network;
s2, inquiring a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention;
and S3, executing the first automatic management process in the network.
Optionally, the specific examples in this embodiment may refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and optional implementation manners, and this embodiment is not described herein again.
Optionally, for a specific example in this embodiment, reference may be made to the examples described in the above embodiment and optional implementation, and this embodiment is not described herein again.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the present application described above may be implemented by a general purpose computing device, they may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices, and alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by a computing device, such that they may be stored in a storage device and executed by a computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than that described herein, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple ones of them may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A method for managing a network, comprising:
receiving a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used for indicating the intention of managing the current network;
inquiring a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention;
executing the first automated management process in the network;
wherein receiving the first management intent comprises one of:
receiving at least one of the following information included in the first management intent: an intention type, a target parameter corresponding to the intention type;
receiving natural language characters or voice information, and acquiring at least one of the following information according to the natural language characters or the voice information: an intent type, a target parameter corresponding to the intent type;
wherein the intention type is used to indicate a type of the content of the network changed by the first management intention, and the target parameter is used to indicate a network parameter of the network changed by the first management intention;
wherein executing the first automated management process in the network comprises:
starting a first script in the network according to the first automatic management process;
inputting a target parameter included by the first management intention into the first script;
executing the first script completes management of the network.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to querying a first automated management process corresponding to the first management intent, the method further comprises:
acquiring automatic management processes respectively set for management intents corresponding to multiple intention types;
and storing the mapping relation between the automatic management process and the intention type.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein querying a first automated management process corresponding to the first management intent comprises:
obtaining an intention type of the first management intention;
and inquiring a first automatic management process corresponding to the intention type according to the mapping relation.
4. An apparatus for managing a network, comprising:
a receiving module, configured to receive a first management intention, wherein the first management intention is used to indicate an intention to manage a current network;
the query module is used for querying a first automatic management process corresponding to the first management intention;
an execution module to execute the first automated management process in the network;
wherein the receiving module is configured to receive at least one of the following information included in the first management intention: an intent type, a target parameter corresponding to the intent type;
or, the system is further configured to receive natural language text or voice information, and obtain at least one of the following information according to the natural language text or voice information: an intention type, a target parameter corresponding to the intention type;
wherein the intention type is used to indicate a type of the first management intention altering content of the network, and the target parameter is used to indicate a network parameter of the network altered by the first management intention;
wherein the execution module is further configured to execute the following steps, including:
starting a first script in the network according to the first automatic management process;
inputting a target parameter included by the first management intention into the first script;
executing the first script completes management of the network.
5. A storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 3 when executed.
6. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory has a computer program stored therein, and the processor is configured to execute the computer program to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 3.
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