CN111374001B - High-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN111374001B CN111374001B CN202010292447.6A CN202010292447A CN111374001B CN 111374001 B CN111374001 B CN 111374001B CN 202010292447 A CN202010292447 A CN 202010292447A CN 111374001 B CN111374001 B CN 111374001B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn, which comprises the following steps: and soaking the corn seeds for 8-12 h by using a mixed solution containing the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate one day before the corn seeds are sown, and performing alternate sowing at the same time with the untreated corn seeds. The invention uses the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate to steep the seeds to accelerate the corn breeding process and the interlaced planting method of the common corn seeds (not treated), thereby increasing the synchronization time of the corn pollen and the corn filament and improving the pollination rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for improving the pollination rate of corn.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of some understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Corn is a cross-pollinated crop of a male and female isogenic plant, although each tassel can provide about 300 ten thousand of pollen, the pollination rate of a corn production field is only about 80 percent under the influence of the flowering phase, the temperature and the variety characteristics. Under normal conditions, the tassels first pump out the tassels and loose pollen, and the tassels spin and receive pollen after a few days. The flowering period of the corn is only 7-8 days, and the pollination rate is mostly reduced to about 65% or less under the influence of flowering asynchronism and high temperature, so that the exertion of the yield level of the corn is obviously influenced.
Aiming at the problems, artificial pollination, unmanned aerial vehicle pollination and species matching planting are commonly adopted in production so as to improve the pollination rate. But the artificial pollination effect is poor and is only improved by about 20 percent compared with the contrast due to the influence of factors such as the increase of labor cost, the high plant height of the corn in the flowering phase, poor field operation environment and the like. Unmanned aerial vehicle pollination is owing to adopt that unmanned aerial vehicle flies above the corn field, utilizes the downward wind-force that produces when unmanned aerial vehicle fin is rotatory to accomplish the corn pollination, and cost and efficiency are showing and are reducing than artificial pollination, but because unmanned aerial vehicle's cost is higher, the influence of current situation such as the rate of keeping low has not realized the large tracts of land popularization and application yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low pollination rate of corn and the prior art, the invention utilizes the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate to steep seeds to accelerate the growth process of the corn and the alternate planting of common corn seeds (not treated), thereby increasing the synchronization time of the corn pollen and the corn silk and improving the pollination rate.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn comprises the following steps:
and soaking the corn seeds for 8-12 h by using a mixed solution containing the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate one day before the corn seeds are sown, and performing alternate sowing at the same time with the untreated corn seeds.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the seeds are selected to be uniform in shape, size and color.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the treated corn seeds are simultaneously sown in an interlaced manner in a mass ratio of 1:1 to the untreated corn seeds.
Through years of production practice and research of the inventor, the soaking time, time and temperature have certain influence on the growth and development of the corn seedlings and the pollination rate of the corn.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the corn seeds are soaked the day before sowing. Tests prove that the corn seeds can not emerge regularly and uniformly by soaking the corn seeds prematurely.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the soaking time is selected from 8 to 12 hours. The proper soaking time is one of important factors for promoting the development of the corn seedlings, and tests prove that the technical means can effectively promote the growth and development of the corn and accelerate the growth process of the corn, and further preferably, the soaking time is 10 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soaking temperature is 30 to 40 ℃. Tests prove that the technical means can ensure that the corn seeds emerge regularly and uniformly. Further preferably, the soaking temperature is 35 ℃.
The use concentration of the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate has important influence on the growth and development of the corn. In the experimental research process, the proper raw material concentration and proportion are found to effectively adjust the silking period of the female flowers of the corn, so that the silking period can be advanced by 2-3 days, the pollen dispersing of the tassels and the silking of the female ears can be synchronously carried out, and the female ears are fully pollinated.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the mixed solution is 4 to 6X 107cfu/mL, and the concentration of the potassium nitrofulvate is 2-5 g/L. More preferably, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the mixture is 5X 107cfu/mL, the concentration of the potassium nitrofulvate is 3.3 g/L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Bacillus subtilis is commercially available in a conventional manner.
Compared with the related technology known by the inventor, one technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the treated corn seeds and untreated corn seeds are sown in a synchronized interlaced mode, male flowers of untreated lines scatter pollen in the same period, female flowers of treated lines of corn silks, the synchronization time of corn pollen and corn silks is prolonged, and the pollination rate is improved.
(2) The invention fully utilizes the inhibition effect of active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process of bacillus subtilis on pathogenic bacteria or endogenous infectious bacteria, obviously reduces the morbidity of diseases such as large leaf spot, small leaf spot, rust disease, banded sclerotial blight and the like in the growth period of corn, and is beneficial to culturing strong seedlings.
(3) The invention fully utilizes the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium activation and the like of the potassium nitrofulvate, exerts the effects of increasing the root of the corn and improving the disease resistance and the quality, and can effectively shorten the growth and development process of the corn by matching with the bacillus subtilis. Moreover, tests prove that the action range of the compounded two active ingredients is wider, the morbidity of untreated corns can be effectively controlled, the corn quality is improved, the whole growth vigor of the corns is good, and the corn maturing rate and the corn yield are improved.
(4) According to the invention, the growth and development process of the corn is regulated and controlled by compounding the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate, the silking period of the female flowers of the corn grown by the soaked seeds is advanced, and the synchronization time of the flowering period between the male and female ears is increased.
(5) According to the invention, the use concentrations of the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate are set, so that the silking period of the female flowers of the corn can be effectively adjusted.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1: the corn field is sown schematically, the dotted line represents the treatment row, and the solid line represents the non-treatment row.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
2019 in the experimental field of crop research institute of academy of agricultural sciences of Shandong province. The corn variety to be tested was denghai 605, and the species for testing was provided by Shandong Denghai Seiko GmbH. Sowing seeds in 2019 in 6-month and 12-day periods, wherein the planting density is 4800 plants/mu, and harvesting in 10-month and 7-day periods. When sowing, seed manure of 40 kg/mu is applied, the fertilizer is 25-15-8(N-P-K) nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary slow-release compound fertilizer, and the release period is 50 days; sufficient irrigation, consistent physical and chemical properties of soil in the test field, and the soil and soil fertility conditions are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic fertility status of the test field
Test groups: soaking the corn seeds for 10 hours by using a mixed solution containing bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvate one day before the corn seeds are sowed, wherein the soaking temperature is 35 ℃, and the corn seeds are sowed in a staggered mode at the same time as the untreated corn seeds by 1: 1. Wherein the concentration of Bacillus subtilis BNCC336417 in the mixed solution is 5 × 107cfu/mL, the concentration of the potassium nitrofulvate is 3.3 g/L.
Control group one: diluting the seed dressing agent (the diluent contains 5 × 10) one day before sowing corn7cfu/mL bacillus subtilis BNCC336417 and 2 wt% rickxiu) are soaked in the corn seeds for 10 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ and are sowed with untreated corn seeds in a staggered way at the same time. The sowing schematic is shown in fig. 1.
Control group two: the difference from the test group is that the soaked corn seeds are all adopted for sowing, and other steps and/or conditions are the same as those of the test group.
The pollination rate and the corn root length density are investigated during the test periodData such as disease index and yield composition (tables 2-4). According to the investigation result, the pollination rate of the corn is improved to 96.9% from 86.4% of the first control group, and the root length density of the corn is 0.377cm-3Increased to 0.411cm-3The increase ratio is 9.02%, the disease indexes of the large leaf spot, the small leaf spot, the rust disease and the sheath blight disease in the spinning period are respectively reduced by 23.66%, 20.05%, 18.91% and 24.87% compared with the first control group, and compared with the second control group, the pollination rate of the invention is improved to 96.9% from 86.8%, see table 2. The root number of each layer of corn at the booting stage is obviously increased, and the table 3 shows. The grain number of the grains per ear is increased to 529 grains from 475 grains of the first control group, the increase amplitude is 11.37%, the yield is increased by 113 kg/mu, the yield increase amplitude is 21.56%, and compared with the second control group, the grain number of the oil per ear is increased to 529 grains from 474 grains, the increase amplitude is 11.6%, and the grain number of the oil per ear is shown in Table 4.
In conclusion, compared with the test group, the root length density, the hundred grain weight and the like of the corn in the second control group are slightly higher, but the pollination rate and the ear grain number are equivalent to those of the first control group and are obviously lower than those of the test group, which shows that the pollination rate and the seed setting rate can be obviously improved by the technical means of the interlaced seeding of the untreated corn seeds, so that the corn yield is improved.
TABLE 2 Effect of the invention on maize pollination Rate, root Length Density and disease index (average)
TABLE 3 influence of the invention on the number of nodes in each layer of the maize booting stage (mean, strip)
TABLE 4 influence of the invention on maize yield and yield trait development (mean values)
Example 2
2019 in the experimental field of academy of agricultural sciences in Texas. The tested corn variety is Zhengdan 958 purchased from Shandong Lufeng seed industry, Limited liability company, and is sowed at 6 months and 18 days in 2019, the planting density is 5000 plants/mu, and the corn is mature and harvested at 6 days in 10 months. Basal application of 100 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer before sowing, wherein the fertilizer is 25-15-8(N-P-K) nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary slow-release compound fertilizer, and the release period is 50 days; ensuring the soil moisture content to be normal.
Test groups: soaking the corn seeds for 10 hours by using a mixed solution containing bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvate one day before the corn seeds are sowed, wherein the soaking temperature is 35 ℃, and the corn seeds are sowed in a staggered mode at the same time as the untreated corn seeds by 1: 1. Wherein the concentration of Bacillus subtilis BNCC336417 in the mixed solution is 5 × 107cfu/mL, the concentration of the potassium nitrofulvate is 3.3 g/L.
Control group one: soaking the corn seeds for 10 hours by using a seed dressing agent diluent (carbendazim) one day before the corn seeds are sown, wherein the soaking temperature is 35 ℃, and the corn seeds are sown in an interlaced manner at the same time with the untreated corn seeds.
Control group two: the difference from the test group is that the soaked corn seeds are all adopted for sowing, and other steps and/or conditions are the same as those of the test group.
Data such as pollination rate, corn root length density, disease index and yield composition are investigated during the test period (tables 5-7). According to the investigation, the pollination rate of the corn is improved to 97.4% from 85.0% of the first control group, and the root length density of the corn is 0.417 cm-cm-3Increased to 0.422cm-3. The disease indexes of the large leaf spot, the small leaf spot, the rust disease and the sheath blight disease in the spinning period are respectively reduced by 25.28%, 13.80%, 19.55% and 14.03% compared with the first control group, and compared with the second control group, the pollination rate of the invention is improved from 84.5% to 97.4%, see table 5. The number of the nodes of each layer of the corn at the booting stage is obviously increased compared with that of the first control group, the number of the grains per spike is increased from 486 grains of the first control group to 521 grains, the increase range is 7.20%, the yield is increased by 129 kg/mu, the yield increase range is 23.24%, compared with the second control group, the number of the grains per spike is increased from 475 grains to 521 grains, the increase range is 9.68%, and the result is shown in table 7.
In conclusion, the control group two has a slightly better growth vigor than the test group, but the pollination rate and the ear number are equivalent to those of the control group one and are obviously lower than those of the test group. As known to those skilled in the art, pollination and fructification rates are important factors in corn yield, and even if corn plants grow well, if pollination and fructification rates are low, the corn yield is also significantly affected.
TABLE 5 Effect of the invention on maize pollination Rate, root Length Density and disease index (average)
TABLE 6 influence of the invention on the number of nodes in each layer of the maize booting stage (mean, strip)
TABLE 7 influence of the invention on maize yield and yield trait development (mean)
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A high-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soaking corn seeds for 8-12 h by using a mixed solution containing bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvate one day before corn sowing, and performing alternate sowing on the corn seeds which are not treated;
the treated corn seeds and untreated corn seeds are sown in a synchronous interlaced mode, male flowers of untreated lines are pollen-dispersed in the same period, female flowers of treated lines of corn are silked, the synchronous time of corn pollen and corn silk is prolonged, and the pollination rate is improved;
the growth and development process of the corn is regulated and controlled by compounding bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvate, the silking period of the female flowers of the corn grown by the soaked seeds is advanced, and the synchronization time of the flowering period between the female ears and the male ears is increased;
the concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 5 × 107cfu/mL, the concentration of the potassium nitrofulvate is 3.3 g/L; the soaking temperature is 35 ℃; the soaking time is 10 hours; the treated corn seeds and the untreated corn seeds are sown in a staggered mode according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
2. A high-yield cultivation method for increasing pollination rate of corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeds are selected to have uniform shape, size and color.
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| CN106717245A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-05-31 | 云南良禾种业有限公司 | A kind of processing method of disease resistance corn seed high |
| CN108285382A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-07-17 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of preparation and application of corn yield increasing suspending agent |
| CN108409462A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-08-17 | 张文全 | A kind of compound disease-resistant organic fertilizer material of corn |
| CN109042162A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-21 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所（山东省农业科学院玉米工程技术研究中心） | A kind of implantation methods that fresh edible maize yields two crops a year |
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