CN111372096A - D2D-assisted video quality adaptive caching method and device - Google Patents

D2D-assisted video quality adaptive caching method and device Download PDF

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CN111372096A
CN111372096A CN202010172136.6A CN202010172136A CN111372096A CN 111372096 A CN111372096 A CN 111372096A CN 202010172136 A CN202010172136 A CN 202010172136A CN 111372096 A CN111372096 A CN 111372096A
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video
user
caching
popularity
videos
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CN111372096B (en
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熊炫睿
付明凯
刘敏
陈高升
程占伟
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/231—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion
    • H04N21/23106—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion involving caching operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
    • H04N21/4331—Caching operations, e.g. of an advertisement for later insertion during playback

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  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a D2D-assisted video quality adaptive caching method and equipment, which comprises the steps of calculating user demand characteristics; caching videos according to user demand characteristics and video popularity; according to the method and the device, the cached video is sent according to the request of the user or the video is sent by the base station, the hit rate of the cached video of the cache node is improved, the service load level of the base station is reduced, and the user requirement is better met.

Description

D2D-assisted video quality adaptive caching method and device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and particularly relates to a D2D-assisted video quality adaptive caching method and device.
Background
With the advancement of wireless communication technologies and the rapid development of network media content, video consumption is growing at an alarming rate. According to the predictions of Cisco, by 2022, worldwide monthly mobile data traffic will reach 77 abaytes, where nearly four fifths (79%) of the mobile data traffic will be video. One characteristic of video services is that they require large bandwidth resources for transmission. Meanwhile, different users usually request the same video content in the same or different time periods, and if the base station still uses the conventional transmission mode to transmit the same requested video content for each requesting user independently, a huge amount of resource waste is inevitably caused by the increase of the number of users, and meanwhile, a great transmission pressure is also caused on a backhaul link.
Caching popular content on other nodes in the network and assisting traditional network nodes in data distribution when appropriate is one of the effective ways to alleviate network bottlenecks. By the caching technique, the base station can cache multimedia content in advance in the memories of the access node and the user node during a time period when the traffic load is small. Therefore, when the user accesses the related content, the related content can be directly obtained from the local cache under a certain probability without being transmitted through the base station. Researchers refer to the probability of a user obtaining content from a local cache as the unload probability.
The local caching technology mainly comprises an access node cache and a mobile user cache. The content cached by the mobile user may be shared between the requesting users by way of D2D. The D2D technology is one of the hot spots of research in the industry because the D2D technology does not need to deploy a network architecture in advance and is flexible in networking.
There are various caching strategies currently used in wireless caching networks, such as: an equiprobable random caching strategy, a caching strategy based on file popularity Zipf distribution, a caching strategy based on optimization and the like. However, most of the current caching strategies aim at the personalized requirements of video types, and a caching method for the personalized requirements of video quality still falls into the blank.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a video quality adaptive caching method, and in particular relates to a D2D-assisted video quality adaptive caching method, so as to meet the personalized video quality requirements of users and improve the cache hit rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a D2D-based assisted video quality adaptive caching method, characterized in that the method comprises: calculating user demand characteristics; caching videos according to user demand characteristics and video popularity; and sending the cached video according to a user request or requesting a base station to send the video.
Optionally, the computing user demand characteristics include video type characteristics and video quality characteristics; among them, the video types include K types, { fi,1,fi,2…fi,KIndicates the frequency of requesting the kth class video by the user i, respectively, wherein,
Figure BDA0002409556210000021
Skrepresenting the times of requesting kth video content by the user i, wherein S is the total times of requesting all video content by the user i; the video quality requirements of N users are respectively { Q1，Q2，…,QNOf any element QiI ∈ N, indicating that the video quality required by the ith user needs to be overlaid by QiAnd a video layer.
Optionally, the videos cached according to the user demand characteristics and the video popularity are classified according to a predefined threshold Th, and videos with the video popularity higher than the threshold Th are sorted in a descending order; wherein, the popularity of the M-Th video in the M videos with the popularity higher than the threshold Th is
Figure BDA0002409556210000022
Wherein γ is a Zipf distribution index; the probability that user i requests the m-th ranked video is
Figure BDA0002409556210000023
Wherein λ and β are weighting coefficients of video popularity and user interest, k is the classification number of the video ranked m, tiThe access duration of the user i at the cache node; setting a gate function
Figure BDA0002409556210000024
All users request for video ranked mThe sum of the possibilities of x-layer video is
Figure BDA0002409556210000025
According to
Figure BDA0002409556210000026
And sorting and caching all videos in a descending order.
Optionally, the sending the cached video according to the user request or requesting the base station to send the video includes sending the video requested by the user when the video requested by the user is in the cache queue; and if the video requested by the user is not in the buffer queue, forwarding the request to the base station.
The method disclosed by the invention utilizes the user demand characteristics and the video popularity to identify the video selected by the user with higher probability for caching, thereby satisfactorily solving the technical problem of overload of the current base station video service load.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
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In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system used in the present invention. The system 100 includes at least one macro base station 102, which includes a plurality of terminals 120 within the coverage area of its signals. And may also include, among other things, a plurality of cache nodes 104. The caching node 104 may be a dedicated storage device, such as a mobile edge computing MEC server, a pico base station femtocell, or other terminal 120 in the system 100, or other alternative wireless device with caching or store-and-forward functionality. The terminals 120 may communicate with the macro base station 102, the cache node 104, and other terminals 120 over respective interfaces. In the following of the present invention, all nodes with cache or storage forwarding function are collectively referred to as cache nodes 104, including the MEC server, femtocell and other terminals 120 in the system.
The cache nodes 104 have limited capacity and may be used to locally cache certain data, such as video. When a user requests a video, the sending of the video data can be provided to the user through the cache node, so that the traffic is unloaded conveniently, and the load of the base station 102 is reduced. Since the capacity of the cache node 104 is limited, the hit rate of the cached video needs to be increased as much as possible to reduce the cost of cache consumption. Considering that each video has different popularity and each user has different requirements on video quality, the present invention can buffer the video with different quality through scalable video coding.
Referring to fig. 2, it is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. In step 201, the cache node 104 calculates the demand characteristics of all users who frequently access the cache node 104.
Counting the times of the users trying to access the cache nodes or the time of the users accessing the cache nodes in a certain statistical time period, sorting in a descending order according to the times or the time, regarding the users with N top of the rank as frequently accessed users, and the access times or time is { t } t1,t2…tN}；
The demand characteristics of the analysis node comprise two parts, namely type characteristics and quality characteristics, wherein the type characteristics represent the video type required by the user, the quality characteristics represent the video quality required by the user, and the type characteristics and the quality characteristics are obtained by accessing information in the cache node. Firstly, we can obtain the video quality requirement of the first N users by statistical data1,q2…,qNDenotes, any element q thereiniVideo quality requirement superposition q representing ith user requirementiAnd a video layer. Second, if the video is classified into K classes, the vector { f is usedi,1,fi,2…fi,KDenotes the type characteristic of user i. The frequency ratio of the user i requesting the kth type video content in the past period of time T is
Figure BDA0002409556210000041
Wherein SkIs the number of times user i requests the kth class of video content, and S is the total number of times user i requests all video content. Therefore, the requirement characteristics of the N top-ranked users are described by the video type characteristics and the quality characteristics.
In step 203, the caching node 104 caches the video according to the user requirement and the video popularity.
In the aspect of video processing, all video contents are arranged according to popularity, a sorted file list is L, and the sorted file list is divided into two parts according to a predefined popularity threshold Th: and the content which does not exceed the popularity threshold is not cached, and whether the number of cached video layers is cached or not is determined after the content which exceeds the popularity threshold is calculated.
The video cache adopts scalable video coding for caching, each layer is superposed to have different video quality, the cache hit rate of each layer is calculated according to the video popularity and the video quality requirement of a frequently accessed user, and the video content is cached from high to low. The popularity of a general video is well-matched to the Zipf distribution, and if M is the number of videos exceeding the popularity threshold, the popularity of a video ranked as M can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002409556210000051
Wherein γ is the Zipf distribution index. The probability that user i requests the mth ranked video is
Figure BDA0002409556210000052
Wherein λ and β are weighting coefficients of video popularity and user interest, k is the classification number of the video ranked m, tiThe access duration at the caching node for user i.
Setting a gate function
Figure BDA0002409556210000053
The sum of the probability of all users requesting the x-th layer video for the video ranked m is
Figure BDA0002409556210000054
And sequencing all video layers of all videos exceeding the popularity threshold from high to low according to the request possibility of a user, and then caching the video contents from high to low in sequence until all video caching is finished or the storage space is full.
Step 205, the user communicates with the caching device to obtain the video.
The user requests the video content, if the local cache of the cache device can meet the requirement, the corresponding content is directly obtained from the local cache, otherwise, the base station is requested to transmit the related content for the user, and meanwhile, the cache device records the user request information.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks, and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments, which further illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A D2D-based assisted video quality adaptive caching method, characterized in that the method comprises: calculating user demand characteristics; caching videos according to user demand characteristics and video popularity; and sending the cached video according to a user request or requesting a base station to send the video.
2. The method of claim 1, further characterized by the computing userThe demand characteristics comprise video type characteristics and video quality characteristics of the users; among them, the video types include K types, { fi,1,fi,2…fi,KIndicates the frequency of requesting the kth class video by the user i, respectively, wherein,
Figure FDA0002409556200000011
Skrepresenting the times of requesting kth video content by the user i, wherein S is the total times of requesting all video content by the user i; the video quality requirements of N users are respectively { Q1，Q2，…,QNOf any element QiAnd i ∈ N indicates that the video quality required by the ith user is overlapped by QiAnd a video layer.
3. The method of claim 1, further characterized in that said caching videos according to user demand characteristics and video popularity is based on a predefined threshold Th, sorting videos with popularity higher than threshold Th in descending order, and ranking mth videos among M videos with popularity higher than threshold Th as popularity
Figure FDA0002409556200000012
Wherein γ is a Zipf distribution index; the probability that user i requests the m-th ranked video is
Figure FDA0002409556200000013
Wherein λ and β are weighting coefficients of video popularity and user interest, k is the classification number of the video ranked m, tiThe access duration of the user i at the cache node; setting a gate function
Figure FDA0002409556200000014
The sum of the probability of all users requesting the x-th layer video for the video ranked m is
Figure FDA0002409556200000015
According to
Figure FDA0002409556200000016
And sorting and caching all videos in a descending order.
4. The method of claim 1, further characterized in that said sending the buffered video or requesting the base station to send the video according to the user request comprises sending the video requested by the user when the video requested by the user is in a buffer queue; and if the video requested by the user is not in the buffer queue, forwarding the request to the base station.
5. The device for video quality adaptive caching based on D2D assistance is characterized by comprising a computing module, a caching module and a communication module; the computing module is used for computing user requirement characteristics; the caching module caches videos based on user demand characteristics and video popularity; the communication module is communicated with a user, receives a user request and sends a video or requests a base station to send the video.
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