CN111342208B - Antenna assembly and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Antenna assembly and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111342208B CN111342208B CN202010192177.1A CN202010192177A CN111342208B CN 111342208 B CN111342208 B CN 111342208B CN 202010192177 A CN202010192177 A CN 202010192177A CN 111342208 B CN111342208 B CN 111342208B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna assembly and an electronic device, where the antenna assembly includes: an antenna array; the shell covers the antenna array, and a gap is formed between the antenna array and the inner surface of the shell; the thickness of the shell is multiple times of half wavelength of the first wavelength; the frequency range of the antenna array is from a second frequency to a third frequency, the first wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave with a first frequency when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the housing, and the first frequency is between the second frequency and the third frequency. The thickness of the shell is determined according to the frequency range of the antenna, the thickness of the shell is multiple times of the half wavelength of the first wavelength, the thickness of the shell can be matched with the transmitting and receiving signal frequency band of the antenna array, electromagnetic waves of the whole frequency band of the antenna can be better radiated by the shell, destructive deterioration caused by the performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna is avoided, and the performance of the antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to an antenna assembly and electronic equipment.
Background
With the development of 5G (fifth generation mobile communication), the design of millimeter wave antenna is gradually introduced to some small mobile terminals, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and even notebook computers. Currently, the 5G millimeter wave band defined by 3GPP has n257(26.5GHz-29.5GHz) mainly including 28GHz, n258(24.25GHz-27.5GHz), n261(27.5 GHz-28.35 GHz) and n260(37.0GHz-40.0GHz) mainly including 39GHz, and the mainstream 5G millimeter wave antenna array applied to the mobile phone or the mobile terminal device adopts an aip (antenna in package) scheme, which needs to be arranged inside the terminal for protection, that is, needs to be wrapped by a housing of the terminal, in the millimeter wave band, the material of the housing often has a large influence on the antenna performance, and the thickness of the rear housing is unreasonable, which may reduce the antenna performance, and even may cause destructive deterioration on the performance of one or more frequency bands of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an antenna assembly and an electronic device, so as to solve the problem that the thickness of the housing of the conventional antenna is not designed reasonably, which causes the performance of the antenna to be reduced, and even causes the performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna to be seriously deteriorated.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
an antenna array;
the shell covers the antenna array, and a gap is formed between the antenna array and the inner surface of the shell;
wherein the thickness of the housing is a multiple of a half wavelength of the first wavelength;
the frequency range of the antenna array is from a second frequency to a third frequency, the first wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave with a first frequency when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the housing, and the first frequency is between the second frequency and the third frequency.
Wherein the first frequency is less than or equal to a midpoint frequency of the second frequency and the third frequency.
Wherein a thickness of the housing is n times a half wavelength of the first wavelength, and a thickness T of the housing satisfies T ═ (n-a) λ2/2，T＝(n+a)λ3/2；
Wherein λ is2At a second wavelength, λ3Is a third wavelength, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, a is a positive number less than n, the second wavelength is a wavelength at which electromagnetic waves of a second frequency propagate in the housing, and the third wavelength is a wavelength at which electromagnetic waves of a third frequency propagate in the housing.
Wherein the second frequency is 24.25GHz and the third frequency is 40 GHz.
Wherein the first frequency is a midpoint frequency of the second frequency and the third frequency, and the thickness of the shell is a half wavelength of the first wavelength.
Wherein the frequency range of the antenna comprises: second to fourth frequencies, and fifth to third frequencies, the fourth frequency being less than the fifth frequency, the first frequency being less than or equal to a midpoint frequency of the second and fourth frequencies.
Wherein a thickness of the housing is N times a half wavelength of the first wavelength, and a thickness T of the housing satisfies T ═ (N-b) λ2/2，T＝(N+b)λ4(N +1-b) λ,/2, and T ═ b ═ λ5/2，T＝(N+1+b)λ3/2；
Wherein λ is2At a second wavelength, λ3At a third wavelength, λ4Is a fourth wavelength, λ5Is a fifth wavelength, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, b is a positive number less than N;
the second wavelength is a wavelength when an electromagnetic wave of a second frequency propagates in the housing, the third wavelength is a wavelength when an electromagnetic wave of a third frequency propagates in the housing, the fourth wavelength is a wavelength when an electromagnetic wave of a fourth frequency propagates in the housing, and the fifth wavelength is a wavelength when an electromagnetic wave of a fifth frequency propagates in the housing.
Wherein, the second frequency is 24.25GHz, the third frequency is 40GHz, the fourth frequency is 29.5GHz, and the fifth frequency is 37 GHz.
Wherein the first frequency is a midpoint frequency of the second frequency and the fourth frequency, and the thickness of the shell is the first wavelength.
In a second aspect, an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the antenna assembly described in the above embodiment.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the antenna assembly comprises an antenna array and a shell, wherein the shell covers the antenna array, and a gap is formed between the antenna array and the inner surface of the shell; wherein the thickness of the housing is a multiple of a half wavelength of the first wavelength; the frequency range of the antenna array is from a second frequency to a third frequency, the first wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave with a first frequency when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the housing, and the first frequency is between the second frequency and the third frequency. The thickness of the shell is determined according to the frequency range of the antenna, the thickness of the shell is multiple times of the half wavelength of the first wavelength, the thickness of the shell can be matched with the transmitting and receiving signal frequency band of the antenna array, electromagnetic waves of the whole frequency band of the antenna can be better radiated by the shell, destructive deterioration caused by the performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna is avoided, and the performance of the antenna is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a housing and an antenna array;
fig. 2 is another schematic view of the housing and antenna array;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reflection coefficient curve of an antenna when a conventional housing is matched with the antenna and a reflection coefficient curve of an antenna array when the housing is matched with the antenna array in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
The antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the antenna comprises a shell 1 and an antenna array 2, wherein the shell 1 covers the antenna array 2, and a gap is formed between the antenna array 2 and the inner surface of the shell 1; wherein, the thickness of the shell 1 is several times of half wavelength of the first wavelength; the frequency range of the antenna array 2 is from the second frequency to the third frequency, the first wavelength is a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the first frequency when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the housing 1, and the first frequency is between the second frequency and the third frequency.
That is to say, the antenna assembly mainly includes a housing 1 and an antenna array 2, the housing 1 is covered on the antenna array 2, a gap is provided between the antenna array 2 and an inner surface of the housing 1, an electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna array 2 can pass through the housing 1 to radiate outside, a frequency range of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna array 2 can be from a second frequency to a third frequency, a thickness of the housing 1 can be multiple times of a half wavelength of a first wavelength, the first wavelength is a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the first frequency when propagating in the housing 1, the first frequency is between the second frequency and the third frequency, for example, the second frequency is 24.25GHz, the third frequency is 40GHz, the first frequency can be 32GHz, the thickness of the housing 1 is determined according to the second frequency and the third frequency, the thickness of the housing 1 can be more matched with a frequency band of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna array 2, so that the electromagnetic wave of the entire frequency band of the antenna array can be radiated better through the housing 1, the destructive deterioration caused by the performance of a certain frequency band or a plurality of frequency bands of the antenna array is avoided, and the performance of the antenna is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first frequency is less than or equal to a midpoint frequency of the second frequency and the third frequency, the midpoint frequency is an average value of the second frequency and the third frequency, for example, the second frequency is 24.25GHz, the third frequency is 40GHz, the first frequency may be 32.125GHz, and the first frequency may be 32 GHz.
In further embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the housing is n times half the wavelength of the first wavelength, and the thickness T of the housing satisfies T ═ (n-a) λ2/2，T＝(n+a)λ 32; wherein λ is2At a second wavelength, λ3And a is a third wavelength, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, a is a positive number less than n, a is less than 1, the second wavelength is a wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of the second frequency propagates in the housing, and the third wavelength is a wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of the third frequency propagates in the housing.
In practice, the thickness T of the shell is equal to (n-a) lambda2/2、(n+a)λ3A/2 intervalThere may be a range of deviations, not necessarily being exactly equal. For example, when the second frequency is 24.25GHz and the third frequency is 40GHz, the first frequency f may be 32GHz, the first wavelength may be obtained according to the first frequency f, n may be 1, T may be a half wavelength of the first wavelength, a may satisfy the above relationship, a may be a value near 0.2, and the thickness T of the casing may be the half wavelength of the first wavelength, which may enable the thickness of the casing to be more matched with a frequency band of the radiated electromagnetic wave of the antenna array, so that the electromagnetic wave of the entire frequency band of the antenna array may be radiated better through the casing, thereby avoiding destructive deterioration of performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna array.
When the second frequency is 24.25GHz, the third frequency is 40GHz, and the first frequency is equal to a midpoint frequency between the second frequency and the third frequency, the thickness of the casing may be a half wavelength of the first wavelength, so that electromagnetic waves in the entire frequency band of the antenna array can be better radiated through the casing.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic device includes a housing 1, an antenna array 2 and a floor 3, the antenna array 2 is disposed on the floor 3, the housing 1 is disposed on the antenna array 2, a thickness of the housing 1 may be a thickness of an area of the housing 1 directly above the antenna array 2, and a dielectric constant of the housing is ∈1Dielectric constant of air is epsilon0Second frequency f2Is 24.25GHz and a third frequency f3At 40GHz, the first frequency f may be 32GHz, and the electromagnetic wave of the first frequency f propagates in the housing at a wavelength λ1The propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in free space is v0The wavelength of electromagnetic wave propagating in air is lambda0According to the relation:
The antenna array can cover n257, n258, n260 and n261 simultaneously, namely the antenna array can cover 24.25GHz-29.5GHz and 37GHz-40GHz, and when the first frequency f is 32GHz, the wavelength lambda of the electromagnetic wave with the first frequency f in the shell is calculated1Taking T as λ 12; this can obtain the following effects:
take f2＝24.25GHz，f3At 40GHz, then λ2＝fλ1/f2，λ3＝fλ1/f3Further calculate the wavelength λ2And wavelength lambda3The thickness of the shell satisfies T ═ n-a λ2/2，T＝(n+a)λ3/2. When epsilon1Between 1.5 and 36 (the dielectric constants of plastics, glass and ceramics are all in the range), suitable thickness T and value a satisfying the above relation can be found, for example, n is 1, a is a value around 0.2; at the moment, in the whole millimeter wave frequency band, the influence of the shell on the millimeter wave antenna array can be effectively reduced, the performance of the antenna array in high and low frequency bands is balanced, and the destructive deterioration of the performance of one frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna array caused by the unreasonable design of the thickness of the shell is prevented.
The dielectric constant of the shell can be determined according to the material of the shell, the shell can be made of the same material or can be formed by compounding multiple layers of materials, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the shell can be obtained when the multiple layers of materials are compounded.
For the application of the case with limited thickness, for the case made of the composite material layer, as shown in fig. 2, a non-conductive dielectric layer 4 is added on the inner side wall of the case 1 and right above the millimeter wave antenna array 2, and the dielectric constant of the case 1 is epsilon1The dielectric constant of the newly added non-conductive dielectric layer 4 is epsilon2Thickness T of the housing 11The thickness T of the non-conductive dielectric layer 4 is increased2The equivalent dielectric constant of the case 1 and the newly added non-conductive dielectric layer 4 is ∈eqThe equivalent dielectric constant ε can be calculated by the following equationeqThe thickness of the shell after the non-conductive dielectric layer is increased is T, and the specific relation is as follows:
T＝T1+T2；
electromagnetic wave with first frequency f calculated according to equivalent dielectric constant in shell1 internal propagation wavelength is lambda1。
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first frequency may be a midpoint frequency between the second frequency and the third frequency, that is, the first frequency is an average value of a sum of the second frequency and the third frequency, and the thickness of the housing 1 may be a half wavelength of the first wavelength, so that the thickness of the housing 1 is more matched with the frequency band of the antenna array 2, and the electromagnetic waves in the whole frequency band of the antenna array 2 can be better radiated through the housing 1, thereby preventing the performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna array from causing destructive deterioration.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the frequency range of the antenna array may include: the second frequency is 24.25GHz, the third frequency is 40GHz, the fourth frequency is 29.5GHz, and the fifth frequency is 37GHz, the first frequency is less than or equal to a midpoint frequency of the second frequency and the fourth frequency, that is, the first frequency is less than or equal to an average value of a sum of the second frequency and the fourth frequency, which is beneficial for the low-frequency-band electromagnetic waves to pass through the casing, so that the electromagnetic waves in the entire frequency band of the antenna array can be better radiated through the casing.
In some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the shell is N times half the wavelength of the first wavelength, and the thickness T of the shell satisfies T ═ (N-b) λ2/2，T＝(N+b)λ4(N +1-b) λ,/2, and T ═ b ═ λ5/2，T＝(N+1+b)λ 32; wherein λ is2At a second wavelength, λ3At a third wavelength, λ4Is a fourth wavelength, λ5Is a fifth wavelength, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, b is a positive number less than N; the second wavelength is a wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of a second frequency propagates in the case, the third wavelength is a wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of a third frequency propagates in the case, the fourth wavelength is a wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of a fourth frequency propagates in the case, and the fifth wavelength is a wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of a fifth frequency propagates in the case. For example, N may be 2, the thickness T of the housing is 2 times half the wavelength of the first wavelength, T and (N-b) λ2/2、(N+b)λ4/2、(N+1-b)λ5/2、(N+1+b)λ3The values b may satisfy the above relation, and b may be about 0.2, as long as the deviation range is smaller and the thickness of the housing is more reasonably selected. The thickness of the shell is determined according to the first wavelength, the second wavelength, the third wavelength, the fourth wavelength and the fifth wavelength, so that the influence of electromagnetic waves of a low frequency band of the antenna array can be reduced, and the performance of the antenna array is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first frequency is a midpoint frequency between the second frequency and the fourth frequency, and the thickness of the shell is the first wavelength. For example, when the second frequency is 24.25GHz, the third frequency is 40GHz, the fourth frequency is 29.5GHz, and the fifth frequency is 37GHz, the first frequency is 26.875GHz, which can be 27GHz, and the thickness of the casing can be the first wavelength, so that the thickness of the casing is more matched with the frequency band of the antenna array, thereby preventing destructive deterioration of the performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna array, and improving the performance of the antenna array.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second frequency f is a specific thickness of the shell according to the material of the shell2Is 24.25GHz and a third frequency f3At 40GHz, fourth frequency f4At 29.5GHz, fifth frequency f5When the frequency is 37GHz and f is 27GHz, a first wavelength lambda of the first frequency f in the shell is calculated1Thickness T ═ λ of the shell1Then, one can obtain:
take f2＝24.25GHz，f4At 29.5GHz, λ2＝fλ1/f2，λ4＝fλ1/f4Further calculate the wavelength λ2And wavelength lambda4The thickness of the shell satisfies T ═ N-b λ2/2，T＝(N+b)λ42; take f5＝37GHz，f3At 40GHz, then5＝fλ1/f5，λ3＝fλ1/f3Further calculate the wavelength λ5And wavelength lambda3Outer shellThe thickness of the body satisfies T ═ N +1-b) lambda5/2，T＝(N+1+b)λ3/2. For shells made of materials such as plastic, glass, ceramic and the like, an appropriate value b can be found to satisfy the relation, for example, N is 2, and b can take a value near 0.2, so that the influence of the glass rear cover on the millimeter wave antenna array can be effectively reduced in the whole millimeter wave frequency band, the performance of the antenna array at high and low frequency bands is balanced, and destructive deterioration of the performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna array caused by unreasonable shell thickness design is prevented.
As shown in fig. 3, the abscissa represents frequency, the ordinate represents reflection coefficient, the curve in fig. 3 represents the reflection coefficient of the antenna when the conventional housing is matched with the antenna and the reflection coefficient of the antenna array at different frequencies when the housing is matched with the antenna array in the embodiment of the present invention, H1And H2In order to show the reflection coefficient of the antenna when the existing shell is matched with the antenna, because the thickness of the shell is unreasonable, the high-frequency or low-frequency performance of the millimeter wave is destructively deteriorated, and H3And H4The reflection coefficients of the antenna array at different frequencies when the shell is matched with the antenna array in the embodiment of the invention are shown, so that the performances of the antenna array at high frequency and low frequency can be balanced, and the influence of the shell on the high frequency and the low frequency of the antenna array can be reduced.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna assembly described in the above embodiment. When the antenna assembly in the embodiment is applied to electronic equipment, the thickness of the shell is more matched with the frequency band of the antenna array, the influence of the shell on the broadband millimeter wave antenna is reduced, and the low-frequency and high-frequency performance of the broadband millimeter wave antenna is balanced, so that the performance of a certain frequency band or multiple frequency bands of the antenna is prevented from being seriously deteriorated, and the performance of the antenna is improved.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships are changed accordingly.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An antenna assembly, comprising:
an antenna array;
the shell covers the antenna array, and a gap is formed between the antenna array and the inner surface of the shell;
wherein the thickness of the housing is a multiple of a half wavelength of the first wavelength;
the frequency range of the antenna array is from a second frequency to a third frequency, the first wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave with a first frequency when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the shell, and the first frequency is between the second frequency and the third frequency;
the first frequency is less than or equal to a midpoint frequency of the second frequency and the third frequency;
the thickness of the shell is n times of half wavelength of the first wavelength, and the thickness T of the shell satisfies the condition that T is (n-a) lambda2/2，T＝(n+a)λ3/2；
Wherein λ is2At a second wavelength, λ3A third wavelength, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, a is a positive number less than n, a is less than 1, the second wavelength is a wavelength when electromagnetic waves of a second frequency propagate in the housing, and the third wavelength is a wavelength when electromagnetic waves of a third frequency propagate in the housing; or
The frequency range of the antenna comprises: second to fourth frequencies, and fifth to third frequencies, the fourth frequency being less than the fifth frequency, the first frequency being less than or equal to a midpoint frequency of the second and fourth frequencies;
the thickness of the shell is N times of half wavelength of the first wavelength, and the thickness T of the shell satisfies the condition that T is (N-b) lambda2/2，T＝(N+b)λ4(N +1-b) λ,/2, and T ═ b ═ λ5/2，T＝(N+1+b)λ3/2；
Wherein λ is2At a second wavelength, λ3At a third wavelength, λ4Is a fourth wavelength, λ5Is a fifth wavelength, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, b is a positive number less than N;
the second wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of a second frequency when propagating in the housing, the third wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of a third frequency when propagating in the housing, the fourth wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of a fourth frequency when propagating in the housing, and the fifth wavelength is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of a fifth frequency when propagating in the housing.
2. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the housing is n times a half wavelength of the first wavelength, the second frequency is 24.25GHz, and the third frequency is 40 GHz.
3. The antenna assembly of claim 2, wherein the first frequency is a midpoint frequency of the second and third frequencies, and wherein the thickness of the housing is a half wavelength of the first wavelength.
4. The antenna assembly of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the housing is N times a half wavelength of the first wavelength, the second frequency is 24.25GHz, the third frequency is 40GHz, the fourth frequency is 29.5GHz, and the fifth frequency is 37 GHz.
5. The antenna assembly of claim 4, wherein the first frequency is a midpoint frequency of the second frequency and the fourth frequency, and wherein the thickness of the housing is the first wavelength.
6. An electronic device, comprising the antenna assembly of any one of claims 1-5.
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