CN111335955A - Cold region tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring method and system - Google Patents
Cold region tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for remotely and automatically monitoring a tunnel temperature field in a cold region, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: 1) collecting meteorological data and engineering geological data of a tunnel site area; 2) carrying out numerical simulation analysis; 3) extracting key index parameters; 4) making a monitoring scheme; 5) building a deployment system platform; 6) testing and installing on site; 7) and monitoring, early warning and visual display are carried out. The method and the device realize the automatic monitoring of the surrounding rock data, and simultaneously enhance the accuracy and the continuity of the surrounding rock monitoring data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring, and relates to a method and a system for remotely and automatically monitoring a tunnel temperature field in a cold region.
Background
The problem of freezing injury is always a stubborn problem during the operation of highway tunnels in cold regions and is not cured all the time, as the design, construction and operation units of tunnels do not master the real data and the incident distribution rule of the tunnel surrounding rock temperature field, the design of tunnel heat preservation is relatively blind and uniform, some scientific research units and high efficiency monitor the distribution rule of the surrounding rock temperature field, most of the units adopt manual monitoring means, the accuracy and the continuity of monitoring data cannot be guaranteed, the monitoring of the temperature field in the operation period of the tunnel is basically interrupted, and the automatic monitoring of the surrounding rock temperature field becomes possible along with the technological progress.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and a system for remotely and automatically monitoring a temperature field of a tunnel in a cold region.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the method for remotely and automatically monitoring the temperature field of the tunnel in the cold region comprises the following steps:
1) collecting meteorological data and engineering geological data of a tunnel site area;
2) carrying out numerical simulation analysis;
3) extracting key index parameters;
4) making a monitoring scheme;
5) building a deployment system platform;
6) testing and installing on site;
7) and monitoring, early warning and visual display are carried out.
Optionally, the step 2) is specifically: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the surrounding rock and lining temperature field by adopting numerical analysis software of ANSYS or FLAC3D to obtain the distribution rule of the surrounding rock and lining structure temperature field under the limit state, and analyzing the following contents:
① radial distribution cloud chart of tunnel surrounding rock temperature field;
② longitudinal distribution cloud chart of tunnel surrounding rock temperature field;
③ graph of the temperature of characteristic point along with the change of radial depth;
④ characteristic point temperature is plotted against longitudinal variation.
Optionally, the 3) is specifically: extracting the following key parameters according to the numerical simulation analysis result:
① coldest lunar surrounding rock radial maximum freezing depth HZR；
② the negative temperature section T of the entrance hole of the coldest tunnel is less than or equal to-15 ℃ and the maximum length LZ,T≤-15℃；
③ the temperature of the environment at the entrance of the tunnel in the coldest moon is less than-15T and less than-5 ℃ and the maximum length LZ,-15＜T≤-5℃,；
④ the coldest moon tunnel entrance ambient temperature negative temperature section-5 < T < 0 deg.C, the maximum length LZ,-5＜T≤0℃,；
⑤ ambient temperature positive temperature section-T > 0 ℃ of entrance hole of coldest moon tunnel, maximum length LZ,T＞0℃。
Optionally, the 4) is specifically: and (3) making a monitoring scheme according to the extracted key index parameters according to the following principles:
① the monitored sections are distributed according to the distribution rule of the environmental temperature field in the hole
The negative temperature section T of the environment at the entrance of the coldest-month tunnel is less than or equal to minus 15 ℃, and the section spacing is 20 m;
t is more than-15 and less than-5 ℃ in the environment temperature negative temperature section at the entrance of the coldest-month tunnel and the section spacing is 50 m;
t is more than-5 and less than or equal to 0 ℃ in the environment temperature negative temperature section of the entrance hole of the coldest-month tunnel, and the section spacing is 100 m;
the ambient temperature positive temperature section-T of the entrance of the coldest moon tunnel is more than 0 ℃, and the section spacing is 200 m;
② cross-sectional measuring point arrangement is distributed according to radial maximum freezing depth
Taking 2HZR as the test depth of the surrounding rock temperature field;
taking the distance between radial measuring points to be 50 cm;
setting an ambient temperature measuring point on the surface of the lining structure, wherein the surface comprises a left side wall, a right side wall, a left arch waist and a vault 5;
and environment temperature measuring points are arranged in the left cable trench and the right cable trench.
Optionally, the step 5) is specifically: the system platform is formed as follows:
① distributed temperature monitoring sensor, buried in the surrounding rock and lining structure;
② automatic data acquisition and transmission equipment, which is composed of thermistor temperature acquisition module, wireless communication module and continuous power supply module, and is connected with the monitoring sensor by wire;
③ network transfer/transmission equipment, which realizes the function of converting and transmitting the monitoring data from the autonomous network to the 3G/4G network;
④ data storage and reading device for realizing storage, reading and display of monitoring data;
⑤ to be used as a software device.
Optionally, 6) concretely, the sensor is embedded ①, when the sensor is embedded, the sensor is firstly tied on a long rod according to a designed interval, then a rod body with a sensor string is put into a PVC plastic pipe with the outer diameter not less than 40mm, in order to prevent water from being in direct contact with the sensor to influence the long-term stable work of the sensor, the inner end of the PVC pipe is sealed, the sealing method is that the end of the PVC pipe is baked and softened by fire, the end is kneaded by a hand with gloves, the end is blown from the other end after being cooled, the sealed end is put into water, the sealing effect is checked, finally the sensor and the PVC pipe are inserted into a pre-drilled drill hole together, a lead is arranged, and a waste hemp rope is used for plugging the drill hole;
② installing 16-channel data automatic acquisition and transmission equipment on the surface of the tunnel lining, connecting the temperature sensor with the data automatic acquisition and transmission equipment by wire, acquiring data by the data automatic acquisition and transmission equipment, and transmitting temperature monitoring data to the tunnel portal;
③, installing a network forwarding/transmitting device at the tunnel portal, summarizing and converting the received data, uploading the data to a 3G/4G network, and transmitting the data to a storage device;
④ installing or renting data storage and reading equipment in the user's office for storing data for the user to read;
the inner end of the PVC pipe is sealed; the sealing method comprises baking the end of the PVC tube with fire, kneading the end with a hand with gloves, cooling, blowing air from the other end, placing the sealed end in water, and testing the sealing effect; and finally, inserting the sensor and the PVC pipe into a pre-drilled drill hole, arranging a lead wire, and plugging the hole opening by using a waste hemp rope.
Cold district tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring system includes:
the wire holder P2 is connected to a battery, and the voltage range of the supported battery is 1.5V-5V;
the P2 outputs stable 5V direct current voltage after passing through a boost switch chip U2, the output current range is 0-200 mA, and the power is supplied to the wireless communication module and a lower-level circuit system;
after the 5V direct current voltage passes through a voltage reduction switch chip U3, outputting stable 3.3V direct current voltage, wherein the output current range is 0-300 mA, and supplying power for a single chip microcomputer system and a temperature sensor;
the filter capacitors C2, C3 and C5 are used for filtering the glitch voltage and the interference voltage;
the external temperature sensor is connected to a sensor wire holder P3, and precision resistors R11-R18 are connected in series in a temperature sensor loop;
the voltage of VCC3V3 is divided by a precision resistor and a resistance-type temperature sensor, then the voltage is accessed to an ADC interface of a single chip microcomputer to carry out analog/digital conversion, and the single chip microcomputer reads the temperature data of the sensor, then the temperature data is output to a wireless communication module through a UART interface and finally uploaded to a remote server;
transient voltage suppression diodes D4-D10 are used for absorbing high transient voltage input on an interface line of an external temperature sensor so as to protect the single chip microcomputer from long-term stable operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method and the device realize the automatic monitoring of the surrounding rock data, and simultaneously enhance the accuracy and the continuity of the surrounding rock monitoring data.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a monitoring section layout;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of monitoring points;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the measuring points;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the temperature acquisition device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 3, which illustrate a method and a system for remote automatic monitoring of a tunnel temperature field in a cold region.
1) Tunnel site area meteorological data and engineering geological data collection
2) Numerical simulation analysis
Numerical analysis software such as ANSYS or FLAC3D is adopted to carry out numerical simulation analysis on the surrounding rock and lining temperature field, the distribution rule of the surrounding rock and lining structure temperature field in a limit state is obtained, and the following contents are mainly analyzed:
① radial distribution cloud chart of tunnel surrounding rock temperature field;
② longitudinal distribution cloud chart of tunnel surrounding rock temperature field;
③ graph of the temperature of characteristic point along with the change of radial depth;
④ characteristic point temperature along with longitudinal variation law.
3) Extracting key index parameters
Extracting the following key parameters according to the numerical simulation analysis result:
① coldest lunar surrounding rock radial maximum freezing depth HZR；
② maximum length L of negative temperature zone (T is less than or equal to-15 ℃) of entrance of coldest moon tunnelZ,T≤-15℃；
③ maximum length L of the environment temperature negative temperature section (-15 < T ≦ 5 ℃) of the entrance of the coldest-month tunnelZ,-15＜T≤-5℃,；
③ coldest moon tunnelThe maximum length L of the negative temperature section of the environmental temperature of the hole entrance (T is more than 5 and less than or equal to 0 ℃) isZ,-5＜T≤0℃,；
④ maximum length L of ambient temperature positive temperature section (-T > 0 ℃) of entrance hole of coldest moon tunnelZ,T＞0℃)。
4) Establishing a monitoring scheme (monitoring section, cross section measuring point arrangement, etc.)
And (3) making a monitoring scheme according to the extracted key index parameters according to the following principles:
① the monitored sections are distributed according to the distribution rule of the environmental temperature field in the hole
② cross-sectional measuring point arrangement is distributed according to radial maximum freezing depth
5) Building deployment system platform
The system platform is formed as follows:
① distributed temperature monitoring sensor (thermosensitive element) embedded in the surrounding rock and lining structure.
② automatic data acquisition and transmission equipment (composed of thermistor temperature acquisition module, wireless communication module and continuous power supply module) is connected with the monitoring sensor by wire.
③ network switching (transmitting) equipment realizes the function of converting and transmitting the monitoring data from the autonomous network to the 3G/4G network.
④ data storage and reading device for storing, reading and displaying the monitoring data.
⑤ to be used as a software device.
6) In situ test and installation
① sensor burying
The temperature sensor is shown in the figure. When the sensor is buried, the sensor is firstly tied on a long rod (copper core plastic coated wire is adopted in practical use) according to the designed interval; and then the rod body with the sensor string is put into a PVC plastic pipe with the outer diameter not less than 40mm, and the inner end of the PVC pipe is sealed in order to prevent the long-term stable work of the sensor from being influenced by the direct contact of water and the sensor. The sealing method comprises baking the end of the PVC tube with fire, kneading the end with a hand with gloves, cooling, blowing air from the other end, placing the sealed end in water, and testing the sealing effect. And finally, inserting the sensor and the PVC pipe into a pre-drilled drill hole, arranging a lead wire, and plugging the hole opening by using a waste hemp rope.
② the tunnel lining surface is provided with a 16-channel data automatic acquisition and transmission device, the temperature sensor is connected with the data automatic acquisition and transmission device by wire, the data is acquired by the data automatic acquisition and transmission device (the acquisition frequency is artificially set), and the data is transmitted to the tunnel portal for transmitting the temperature monitoring data.
③, network forwarding (transmission) equipment is installed at the tunnel portal, the received data is gathered and converted, the data is uploaded to the 3G/4G network, and the data is sent to the storage equipment.
④ data storage and reading devices are installed (or rented) at the user's office to store data for the convenience of the user to read the data.
7) Monitoring, early warning and visual display are implemented
As shown in fig. 4, the circuit diagram illustrates:
the P2 is connected with a battery, the voltage range of the supported battery is 1.5V-5V, after the battery is boosted by a U2 switch chip, the battery outputs stable 5V direct current voltage, the output current range is 0-200 mA, and the battery supplies power for the wireless communication module and a lower circuit system. After the 5V direct current voltage passes through a U3 voltage reduction switch chip, stable 3.3V direct current voltage is output, the output current range is 0-300 mA, and the power is supplied to the single chip microcomputer system and the temperature sensor; c2, C3 and C5 are all filter capacitors and filter the glitch voltage and the interference voltage.
The external temperature sensor is connected to P3, and R11-R18 are precision resistors and are connected in series in a temperature sensor loop. The voltage of VCC3V3 is divided by a precision resistor and a resistance-type temperature sensor, then the voltage is accessed to an ADC interface of a single chip microcomputer to carry out analog/digital conversion, and the single chip microcomputer reads the temperature data of the sensor, then the temperature data is output to a wireless communication module through a UART interface and finally uploaded to a remote server; in the figure, D4-D10 are transient voltage suppression diodes which are used for absorbing high transient voltage input on an interface line of an external temperature sensor so as to protect the long-term stable operation of the single chip microcomputer.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cold region tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) collecting meteorological data and engineering geological data of a tunnel site area;
2) carrying out numerical simulation analysis;
3) extracting key index parameters;
4) making a monitoring scheme;
5) building a deployment system platform;
6) testing and installing on site;
7) and monitoring, early warning and visual display are carried out.
2. The cold region tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the 2) is specifically as follows: carrying out numerical simulation analysis on the surrounding rock and lining temperature field by adopting numerical analysis software of ANSYS or FLAC3D to obtain the distribution rule of the surrounding rock and lining structure temperature field under the limit state, and analyzing the following contents:
① radial distribution cloud chart of tunnel surrounding rock temperature field;
② longitudinal distribution cloud chart of tunnel surrounding rock temperature field;
③ graph of the temperature of characteristic point along with the change of radial depth;
④ characteristic point temperature is plotted against longitudinal variation.
3. The cold region tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the 3) is specifically as follows: extracting the following key parameters according to the numerical simulation analysis result:
① coldest lunar surrounding rock radial maximum freezing depth HZR；
② the negative temperature section T of the entrance hole of the coldest tunnel is less than or equal to-15 ℃ and the maximum length LZ,T≤-15℃；
③ the temperature of the environment at the entrance of the tunnel in the coldest moon is less than-15T and less than-5 ℃ and the maximum length LZ,-15＜T≤-5℃,；
④ the coldest moon tunnel entrance ambient temperature negative temperature section-5 < T < 0 deg.C, the maximum length LZ,-5＜T≤0℃,；
⑤ ambient temperature positive temperature section-T > 0 ℃ of entrance hole of coldest moon tunnel, maximum length LZ,T＞0℃。
4. The cold region tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the 4) is specifically as follows: and (3) making a monitoring scheme according to the extracted key index parameters according to the following principles:
① the monitored sections are distributed according to the distribution rule of the environmental temperature field in the hole
The negative temperature section T of the environment at the entrance of the coldest-month tunnel is less than or equal to minus 15 ℃, and the section spacing is 20 m;
t is more than-15 and less than-5 ℃ in the environment temperature negative temperature section at the entrance of the coldest-month tunnel and the section spacing is 50 m;
t is more than-5 and less than or equal to 0 ℃ in the environment temperature negative temperature section of the entrance hole of the coldest-month tunnel, and the section spacing is 100 m;
the ambient temperature positive temperature section-T of the entrance of the coldest moon tunnel is more than 0 ℃, and the section spacing is 200 m;
② cross-sectional measuring point arrangement is distributed according to radial maximum freezing depth
Taking 2HZR as the test depth of the surrounding rock temperature field;
taking the distance between radial measuring points to be 50 cm;
setting an ambient temperature measuring point on the surface of the lining structure, wherein the surface comprises a left side wall, a right side wall, a left arch waist and a vault 5;
and environment temperature measuring points are arranged in the left cable trench and the right cable trench.
5. The cold region tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the 5) is specifically as follows: the system platform is formed as follows:
① distributed temperature monitoring sensor, buried in the surrounding rock and lining structure;
② automatic data acquisition and transmission equipment, which is composed of thermistor temperature acquisition module, wireless communication module and continuous power supply module, and is connected with the monitoring sensor by wire;
③ network transfer/transmission equipment, which realizes the function of converting and transmitting the monitoring data from the autonomous network to the 3G/4G network;
④ data storage and reading device for realizing storage, reading and display of monitoring data;
⑤ to be used as a software device.
6. The method for remotely and automatically monitoring the temperature field of the cold region tunnel according to the claim 1 is characterized in that 6) specifically comprises the steps of burying ① sensors, binding the sensors on a long rod according to a designed interval when the sensors are buried, penetrating a rod body with a sensor string into a PVC plastic pipe with the outer diameter not less than 40mm, sealing the inner end of the PVC pipe in order to prevent water from directly contacting the sensors to influence the long-term stable work of the sensors, wherein the sealing method comprises the steps of baking the end of the PVC pipe by fire, kneading the end by a hand with gloves, cooling, blowing air from the other end, placing the sealed end into water, checking the sealing effect, inserting the sensors into pre-drilled drill holes along with the PVC pipe, arranging leads and plugging orifices by waste hemp ropes;
② installing 16-channel data automatic acquisition and transmission equipment on the surface of the tunnel lining, connecting the temperature sensor with the data automatic acquisition and transmission equipment by wire, acquiring data by the data automatic acquisition and transmission equipment, and transmitting temperature monitoring data to the tunnel portal;
③, installing a network forwarding/transmitting device at the tunnel portal, summarizing and converting the received data, uploading the data to a 3G/4G network, and transmitting the data to a storage device;
④ installing or renting data storage and reading equipment in the user's office for storing data for the user to read;
the inner end of the PVC pipe is sealed; the sealing method comprises baking the end of the PVC tube with fire, kneading the end with a hand with gloves, cooling, blowing air from the other end, placing the sealed end in water, and testing the sealing effect; and finally, inserting the sensor and the PVC pipe into a pre-drilled drill hole, arranging a lead wire, and plugging the hole opening by using a waste hemp rope.
7. Cold district tunnel temperature field remote automatic monitoring system, its characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the wire holder P2 is connected to a battery, and the voltage range of the supported battery is 1.5V-5V;
the wire holder P2 outputs stable 5V direct current voltage after passing through the boost switch chip U2, the output current range is 0-200 mA, and the power is supplied to the wireless communication module and a lower-level circuit system;
after the 5V direct current voltage passes through a voltage reduction switch chip U3, outputting stable 3.3V direct current voltage, wherein the output current range is 0-300 mA, and supplying power for a single chip microcomputer system and a temperature sensor;
the filter capacitors C2, C3 and C5 are used for filtering the glitch voltage and the interference voltage;
the external temperature sensor is connected to a sensor wire holder P3, and precision resistors R11-R18 are connected in series in a temperature sensor loop;
the voltage of VCC3V3 is divided by a precision resistor and a resistance-type temperature sensor, then the voltage is accessed to an ADC interface of a single chip microcomputer to carry out analog/digital conversion, and the single chip microcomputer reads the temperature data of the sensor, then the temperature data is output to a wireless communication module through a UART interface and finally uploaded to a remote server;
transient voltage suppression diodes D4-D10 are used for absorbing high transient voltage input on an interface line of an external temperature sensor so as to protect the single chip microcomputer from long-term stable operation.
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