CN111322035A - Oil well under-pressure operation device and method capable of quickly and safely escaping - Google Patents
Oil well under-pressure operation device and method capable of quickly and safely escaping Download PDFInfo
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- CN111322035A CN111322035A CN202010253213.0A CN202010253213A CN111322035A CN 111322035 A CN111322035 A CN 111322035A CN 202010253213 A CN202010253213 A CN 202010253213A CN 111322035 A CN111322035 A CN 111322035A
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- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0021—Safety devices, e.g. for preventing small objects from falling into the borehole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an oil well under-pressure operation device and method capable of quickly and safely escaping. The technical scheme is as follows: the quick escape and turnover device is respectively arranged on two sides of an operation position of the working platform, the lower end of the quick escape and turnover device rotates around a platform rotating shaft, the lower part of the working platform is connected to the top of an escape landslide through a track fixing connecting plate, a damping spring and a rubber buffer pad are arranged on the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate, a balance reversal plate which falls in a rotating mode is ejected through the damping spring and the rubber buffer pad, and a ground escape air supplement cushion is arranged at the bottom of the escape landslide; the beneficial effects are that: the invention adopts a comprehensive emergency danger avoiding device, can realize that oil well site operators can save themselves at the highest speed when encountering the danger of blowout, reduces the time wasted in searching escape channels, improves the survival rate, and can be widely applied to oil exploitation, drilling, well repair and other operation platforms.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a device and a method for operating an oil well under pressure safely, in particular to a device and a method for operating the oil well under pressure, which can quickly and safely escape.
Secondly, background art:
in the process of oil exploitation, due to factors such as geology, process, environment and the like, some oil wells have to be operated under pressure, and the oil wells under pressure have the following characteristics: 1. the pressure in the well is high, so that blowout is easy to occur, wherein the contained hydrogen sulfide gas is extremely toxic and is fatal to well site workers; 2. the well conditions of some oil wells are unstable and have certain dangerousness; 3. the influence range is wide, such as personal, environmental and social. Therefore, safety protection is necessary, but better protection is also only protection, emergency risk avoidance is necessary when a disaster occurs, and in numerous emergency risk avoidance, "escape" is the most important ring, is a fundamental measure for protecting victims and is the last most critical link.
At present, in the operation with pressure, as for two operators on a derrick, the escape is mostly carried out by using an escape slideway, and we know that the operation with pressure has the characteristic of high-altitude operation due to the particularity of the process, two operators are generally arranged on a derrick platform, are most dangerous, need to smoothly escape and need to change from a high position to a low position, and the slideway escape is realized by using a slope principle to ensure that a person arrives from the high position to the low position, and achieves the aim of safely landing the person due to the prolonged landing time and the change of momentum, so that the escape mode is correct on the basic principle, but is not ideal in the actual escape effect of an oil well operated with pressure, and the reason is as follows: the risk avoiding mode is not beneficial to the maximization of the escaping time, and the specific expression is as follows: 1. when blowout occurs, due to the existence of the phenomenon of 'unconditional reflection', an operator in the deep-collapse blowout crisis firstly consciously backs up (or leans backwards), and only after 'unconditional reflection' is completed, the operator starts to search for an 'escape slideway', most of the operator is injured by blowout accidents in the process, particularly high-concentration hydrogen sulfide gas can be electrically shocked to die after contacting with extremely-high-concentration hydrogen sulfide, namely breathing stops within seconds or minutes after contacting, and heartbeat stops after minutes; it can also be unconscious immediately or within minutes and die as the breath accumulates. Death can occur without alertness, and the smell can be immediately lost when the hydrogen sulfide smell is detected, and in a few cases, the smell can be instantly smelled with a nauseating sweet taste before coma. Before death, there is no aura symptom, and the respiration can first appear deep and fast, and then the respiration stops; 2. because the first process is to find the 'escape slideway', and the second process is to carry out the slideway escape at the same time, when the operator on the derrick reaches the ground along the 'escape slideway', a third escape process is needed, namely the operator needs to escape from the escape slideway to a 'safe' place and then escape to a remote derrick; 3. in the third escape process, the operator needs to run into the upper air opening against the wind according to the wind direction, so that the poison of the hydrogen sulfide gas is avoided or reduced, the whole escape process needs the operator on the derrick to complete three steps to smoothly complete the escape, the escape scheme of the slideway has a great discount effect on the time winning problem, and in the escape process of competing for seconds, the less time is needed, the fewer steps are needed, the higher the escape probability is, and the higher the survival probability is.
For the reasons, the invention provides a better scheme for emergency risk avoidance measures.
Thirdly, the invention content:
the invention aims to provide an oil well under-pressure operation device and method capable of realizing quick and safe escape, aiming at the defects in the prior art, and by designing an emergency escape device special for an oil well, an operator can quickly realize the transfer from a danger zone of a working platform to the upper surface of a relatively safe escape landslide and then slide down to the ground from the escape landslide, so that the escape steps are reduced, the time required by escape is reduced, and the survival rate of the operator is improved.
The invention provides an oil well under-pressure operation device capable of quickly and safely escaping, which adopts the technical scheme that: comprises a well mouth (1), a well mouth connecting flange (2), a fixed beam (3), a lifting hydraulic cylinder (4), a three-gate-plate blowout preventer (5), a platform support (6), a moving beam (7), a pipe column (8), a platform rotating shaft (10), a working platform (11), a damping spring (12), a track fixing connecting plate (13), a connecting bolt (14), a rubber buffer (15), an escape landslide (16), a ground escape air supplement cushion (17), an elevator (18) and a rapid escape turnover device (22), wherein the upper part of the well mouth (1) is connected with the three-gate-plate blowout preventer (5), the outer side of a well head (1) is connected with a fixed cross beam (3) through a well head connecting flange (2), the upper part of the fixed cross beam (3) is connected with a moving cross beam (7) through a lifting hydraulic cylinder (4), the upper part of the moving cross beam (7) is provided with an elevator (18), and a pipe column (8) is driven to move up and down through the elevator (18); a plurality of groups of platform supports (6) are arranged around a wellhead (1), the top of each platform support (6) supports a working platform (11), quick escape turning devices (22) are respectively arranged on two sides of an operation position of each working platform (11), the lower ends of the quick escape turning devices (22) rotate around a platform rotating shaft (10), the lower parts of the working platforms (11) are connected to the top of an escape landslide (16) through rail fixing connecting plates (13), damping springs (12) and rubber cushions (15) are arranged on the lower sides of the rail fixing connecting plates (13), the balance reversing plates (22) which fall in a rotating mode are ejected through the damping springs (12) and the rubber cushions (15), and ground escape supplement air cushions (17) are arranged at the bottoms of the escape landslides (16); an operator can be quickly sent to the top of the escape landslide (16) through the balance reversing plate (22), and then can be quickly separated from the quick escape turnover device (22) through the auxiliary action of the damping spring (12) and the rubber cushion (15), and slide to the ground escape air supplement cushion (17) along the escape landslide (16).
Preferably, the rapid escape turning device (22) comprises a rotating sleeve (22.1), a connecting main body (22.2), a human body bearing part (22.3) and a head safety protection bending part (22.4), wherein the connecting main body (22.2) is of a rectangular structure, the rotating sleeve (22.1) is arranged at the bottom, the head safety protection bending part (22.4) is arranged at the top, and the human body bearing part (22.3) is arranged on the inner side of the connecting main body (22.2).
Preferably, the rapid escape turning device (22) comprises a rotating sleeve (22.1), a connecting body (22.2), a head safety protection bending part (22.4) and an escape airbag (22.5), the connecting body (22.2) is of a rectangular structure, the rotating sleeve (22.1) is arranged at the bottom, the head safety protection bending part (22.4) is arranged at the top, the escape airbag (22.5) is sleeved at the outer side of the connecting body (22.2), the escape airbag (22.5) comprises an airbag body (22.5.1), a gas exchange hole (22.5.2), a head mounting groove (22.5.3) and a bottom mounting groove (22.5.4), a head mounting groove (22.5.3) is arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the airbag body (22.5.1) and is used for being matched and connected with the head safety protection bending part (22.4), a bottom mounting groove (22.5.4) is arranged at the lower end and is used for being matched and connected with the lower part of the connecting body (22.2), and a head airbag protruding part (22.5.5) is arranged at the upper part of, a gas exchange hole (22.5.2) is provided on the lower side of the head airbag protrusion (22.5.5).
Preferably, the ground escape air supplement cushion (17) comprises a cushion main body (17.1), an inflation valve (17.2), an deflation valve (17.3), a deflation rod (17.4) and an escape receiving plate (17.5), wherein the cushion main body (17.1) is a cuboid-shaped air bag, an inflation valve (17.2) is arranged at one side of the air cushion main body (17.1), a plurality of groups of deflation valves (17.3) are distributed on the upper surface, and the upper part of each air release valve (17.3) is connected with an air release rod (17.4), the top part of each air release rod (17.4) is connected with an escape receiving plate (17.5), the escape receiving plate (17.5) is densely provided with air through holes, an operator for escaping can press the lower air release rod (17.4) to move downwards after sliding into the escape receiving plate (17.5), thereby enabling the air-rich air stored in the inner cavity of the air cushion main body (17.1) to be discharged by the plurality of groups of air-discharge valves (17.3), and enabling the escape operator to obtain clean air to breathe and save oneself.
Preferably, the track fixing connection plate (13) is of a rectangular structure, and a plurality of groups of damping springs (12) and rubber cushions (15) are distributed at intervals on the lower side of the outer surface of the track fixing connection plate (13).
Preferably, the escape landslide (16) is of a right-angled trapezoid structure, the surface of the upper bottom of the escape landslide is connected with the rail fixing connecting plate (13), the lower bottom of the escape landslide is in contact with the ground, the outer side of the right-angled trapezoid is a slope, and side baffles are arranged on two sides of the slope.
Preferably, above-mentioned bleed valve (17.3) includes valve body (17.3.1), internal fixation valve seat (17.3.2), toper case (17.3.3), supporting spring (17.3.4), fixing base (17.3.5), the bottom of valve body (17.3.1) is passed through fixing base (17.3.5) and is connected fixedly with the upper wall of air cushion main part (17.1), and the inner chamber is equipped with toper case (17.3.3), supporting spring (17.3.4), and the lower part of toper case (17.3.3) is equipped with supporting spring (17.3.4), and upper portion and internal fixation valve seat (17.3.2) cooperation, and the upper surface of toper case (17.3.3) contacts with bleed stick (17.4).
The use method of the oil well under-pressure operation device capable of quickly and safely escaping comprises the following steps:
firstly, two groups of escape landslides (16) are arranged on platform supports (6) on two sides below a working platform (11), then a fixed track fixing connecting plate (13) is arranged between the upper surface of the escape landslide (16) and the working platform (11), a damping spring (12) and a rubber cushion (15) are arranged on the outer surface of the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate (13), and then a ground escape air supplement cushion (17) is arranged on the ground of the escape landslide (16); then, quick escape turnover devices (22) are arranged on two sides of the working platform (11) and can rotate around the platform rotating shaft (10);
secondly, when a blowout accident occurs, two operators retreat and lean back into the quick escape turning device (22), the bottom of the quick escape turning device (22) rotates around the rotating shaft, the operators are fixed in the quick escape turning device (22), and meanwhile, the operators are prevented from being thrown out during turning through a head safety protection bending part (22.4) arranged at the top of the quick escape turning device; when the rapid escape turning device (22) is turned over for 180 degrees, the rapid escape turning device collides with a damping spring on the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate (13), ejects an operator out of the rapid escape turning device (22), smoothly falls to an escape landslide and slides down along the escape landslide;
thirdly, when an operator slides to the ground along the escape ramp, the operator can slide into the ground escape air supplement cushion (17) installed on the ground, after touching the escape receiving plate (17.5), the operator can press the lower air release rod (17.4) to move downwards, so that the air rich air stored in the inner cavity of the air cushion main body (17.1) can be released by the air release valves (17.3), the operator who escapes can obtain clean air to breathe at the stage, meanwhile, the small flag erected in the well field can be observed to judge the wind direction during the period, then, the small flag goes against the wind to the upper wind port, the harm of the hydrogen sulfide gas sprayed by the well to the operator on the ground is reduced, and self rescue is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when a blowout accident occurs, two operators quickly lean backwards into the quick escape turning device, the bottom of the quick escape turning device rotates around the rotating shaft, and the operators are conveyed to the upper surface of an escape landslide from a high position through the quick escape turning device; then, the operator is sent to the slope of the escape landslide under the action of the damping spring and the rubber buffer cushion, so that the operator is quickly sent to the escape landslide from the working platform and then slides to the ground along the escape landslide, and the aim of quickly sending the operator to the ground from the high-position working platform is fulfilled;
according to the invention, by utilizing the specially designed quick escape turning device, an operator can subconsciously avoid liquid and gas sprayed by a three-ram blowout preventer at a well mouth, retreat or lean backwards so as to push the quick escape turning device, and further turn the quick escape turning device, and the head safety protection bending part is designed, so that the head of the operator can be protected, and the operator is prevented from being thrown out;
in addition, the rapid escape turning device can be additionally provided with an escape safety airbag, so that the comfort level is improved, and the air in the escape safety airbag can be rapidly released to an operator, so that the operator can breathe clean air and is prevented from being poisoned by hydrogen sulfide gas;
the invention also designs a ground escape air supplement cushion, the ground escape air supplement cushion arranged at the bottom of the escape slide slope can extrude the air release rod below to move downwards when an operator falls into the ground escape air supplement cushion, so that a plurality of groups of air release valves release oxygen-enriched air stored in the inner cavity of the air cushion, and the escape operator obtains clean air to breathe and save self;
in a word, the comprehensive emergency danger avoiding device is adopted, so that the petroleum well site operators can realize self rescue at the highest speed when encountering the danger of blowout, the time for searching escape passages is reduced, the survival rate is improved, and the comprehensive emergency danger avoiding device can be widely applied to operation platforms such as petroleum exploitation, well drilling, well repair and the like.
Fourthly, explanation of the attached drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of the connection between the rapid escape turning device and the working platform in the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the rapid escape turning device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an escape airbag;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a ground escape air supplement cushion;
in the upper diagram: the device comprises a wellhead 1, a wellhead connecting flange 2, a fixed cross beam 3, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 4, a three-ram blowout preventer 5, a platform support 6, a moving cross beam 7, a pipe column 8, a self-sealing 9, a platform rotating shaft 10, a working platform 11, a damping spring 12, a track fixing connecting plate 13, a connecting bolt 14, a rubber buffer 15, an escape landslide 16, a ground escape air supplement cushion 17, an elevator 18, a well dredging machine 19, a step elevator 20, an operation feeding port 21 and a quick escape turnover device 22; the air cushion comprises an air cushion main body 17.1, an inflation valve 17.2, an air release valve 17.3, an air release rod 17.4, an escape receiving plate 17.5, a ventilation through hole 17.6, a rotary sleeve 22.1, a connecting main body 22.2, a human body bearing part 22.3, a head safety protection bending part 22.4, an escape safety air bag 22.5, an air bag main body 22.5.1, a gas exchange hole 22.5.2, a head mounting groove 22.5.3, a bottom mounting groove 22.5.4, a head air bag protruding part 22.5.5 and an air bag human body bearing groove 22.5.6.
The fifth embodiment is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying figures 1 to 7:
Referring to fig. 4, the rapid escape turning device 22 provided by the invention comprises a rotating sleeve 22.1, a connecting main body 22.2, a human body bearing part 22.3 and a head safety protection bending part 22.4, wherein the connecting main body 22.2 is of a rectangular structure, the rotating sleeve 22.1 is arranged at the bottom, the head safety protection bending part 22.4 is arranged at the top, the human body bearing part 22.3 is arranged at the inner side of the connecting main body 22.2 and is of a groove structure, an operator leans back on the human body bearing part 22.3, and the rotating sleeve 22.1 is sleeved on a platform rotating shaft, so that the connecting main body 22.2 can drive the operator to rotate.
Referring to the attached drawing 7, the ground escape air supplement cushion 17 of the invention comprises an air cushion main body 17.1, an inflation valve 17.2, an air release valve 17.3, air release rods 17.4 and an escape receiving plate 17.5, wherein the air cushion main body 17.1 is a rectangular airbag, the inflation valve 17.2 is arranged on one side of the air cushion main body 17.1, a plurality of groups of air release valves 17.3 are distributed on the upper surface, an air release rod 17.4 is connected above each air release valve 17.3, the top of each air release rod 17.4 is connected with the escape receiving plate 17.5, ventilation through holes 17.6 are densely distributed on the escape receiving plate 17.5, and an escape operator can press the lower air release rod 17.4 to move downwards after sliding down into the escape receiving plate 17.5, so that the plurality of groups of air release valves 17.3 release oxygen-enriched air stored in the inner cavity of the air cushion main body 17.1, and the escape operator can obtain clean air for.
Wherein, the air release valve 17.3 comprises a valve 17.3.1, an internal fixed valve seat 17.3.2, a conical valve core 17.3.3, a supporting spring 17.3.4 and a fixed seat 17.3.5, the bottom of the valve 17.3.1 is connected and fixed with the upper wall of the air cushion main body 17.1 through a fixed seat 17.3.5, the inner cavity is provided with the conical valve core 17.3.3 and the supporting spring 17.3.4, the lower part of the conical valve core 17.3.3 is provided with the supporting spring 17.3.4, the upper part is matched with the internal fixed valve seat 17.3.2, and the upper surface of the conical valve core 17.3.3 is contacted with the air release rod 17.4, so that when the air release rod 17.4 is pressed down, the conical valve core 17.3.3 and the internal fixed valve seat 17.3.2 can be pushed to open and close, and the supporting spring 17.3.4 is pressed, thereby releasing the air in the inner cavity of the air cushion main body 17.1, blowing clean air to the operators to be rescued on the escape receiving plate 17.5, reducing the harm of sulfuration or other poisonous gases to the human body, the structure combines, the air bottle is convenient to use on site, has long service life, does not need to be replaced periodically when compared with the air bottle adopting compressed air to release air, is more suitable for field use, and is real and durable.
In addition, the track fixing connection plate 13 of the present invention is a rectangular structure, and a plurality of sets of damping springs 12 and rubber cushions 15 are distributed at intervals on the lower side of the outer surface of the track fixing connection plate 13.
In addition, the escape slide slope 16 is of a right-angled trapezoid structure, the surface of the upper bottom of the escape slide slope is connected with the track fixing connecting plate 13, the lower bottom of the escape slide slope is in contact with the ground, the outer side of the right-angled trapezoid is a slope, and side baffles are arranged on two sides of the slope.
The front side of the working platform 11 is provided with a step-up ladder 20 and a working feeding port 21, the rear side is provided with a tractor hoist 19, and other parts on the oil well are conventional existing equipment and are not described.
The invention provides a use method of an oil well under-pressure operation device capable of quickly and safely escaping, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, two groups of escape landslides 16 are arranged on platform supports 6 on two sides below a working platform 11, then a fixed track fixing connecting plate 13 is arranged between the upper surface of the escape landslide 16 and the working platform 11, a damping spring 12 and a rubber cushion 15 are arranged on the outer surface of the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate 13, and then a ground escape air supplement cushion 17 is arranged on the ground of the escape landslide 16; then, quick escape turning devices 22 are installed on two sides of the working platform 11 and can rotate around the platform rotating shaft 10;
secondly, when a blowout accident occurs, two operators retreat and lean back into the quick escape turning device 22, the bottom of the quick escape turning device 22 rotates around the rotating shaft, the operators are fixed in the quick escape turning device 22, and meanwhile, the operators are prevented from being thrown out during turning through the head safety protection bending part 22.4 arranged at the top of the quick escape turning device; when the rapid escape turning device 22 is turned over by 180 degrees, the rapid escape turning device hits a damping spring on the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate 13, and an operator is ejected out of the rapid escape turning device 22 to smoothly fall to an escape landslide and slide down along the escape landslide;
thirdly, when the operator slides to the ground along the escape ramp, the operator can slide into the ground escape air supplement cushion 17 installed on the ground, after the operator touches the escape receiving plate 17.5, the air release rod 17.4 below the operator can be extruded to move downwards, so that the air rich air stored in the inner cavity of the air cushion main body 17.1 can be released by the plurality of groups of air release valves 17.3, the escape operator can obtain clean air to breathe at the stage, meanwhile, the small flag erected in the well field can be observed to judge the wind direction, then, the air goes to the air inlet against the wind, the harm of the well-blown hydrogen sulfide gas to the ground operator is reduced, and self rescue is realized.
referring to fig. 5-6, the rapid escape turning device 22 according to the present invention includes a rotating sleeve 22.1, a connecting body 22.2, a head-protecting bending portion 22.4 and an escape airbag 22.5, the connecting body 22.2 is a rectangular connecting body 22.2, which may be different from embodiment 1 in that no groove is provided, the rotating sleeve 22.1 is provided at the bottom, the head-protecting bending portion 22.4 is provided at the top, the escape airbag 22.5 is sleeved at the outer side of the connecting body 22.2, the escape airbag 22.5 includes an airbag body 22.5.1, a gas exchange hole 22.5.2, a head mounting groove 22.5.3 and a bottom mounting groove 22.5.4, the airbag body 22.5.1 is provided at the inner upper end thereof with a head mounting groove 22.5.3 for being coupled with the head-protecting bending portion 22.4, the lower end thereof is provided with a bottom mounting groove 22.5.4 for being coupled with the lower portion of the connecting body 22.2, the airbag body 22.5.1 is provided at the outer upper portion thereof with a head airbag protrusion 22.5.5, the lower side of the head air bag bulge 22.5.5 is provided with an air exchange hole 22.5.2, the inner side of the air bag main body 22.5.1 is provided with an air bag human body bearing groove 22.5.6 for bearing an operator to be rescued, and of course, the front surface of the air bag human body bearing groove 22.5.6 is made of soft rubber, and the periphery of the air bag human body bearing groove 22.5.6 is supported by rubber, so that the air bag human body bearing groove plays a role in supporting the body of the operator.
When a blowout accident occurs, two operators retreat and lean backwards into the rapid escape turning device 22 and abut against the air bag human body bearing groove 22.5.6 extruding the escape safety air bag 22.5, and clean air in the escape safety air bag 22.5 is released to the operators through the gas exchange hole 22.5.2 due to the inertia extrusion effect, so that the harm of hydrogen sulfide gas to the operators is reduced; meanwhile, the bottom of the fast escape turning device 22 rotates around the platform rotating shaft, and an operator is driven by the fast escape turning device 22 to rotate; when the rapid escape turning device 22 is turned over by 180 degrees, the rapid escape turning device hits a damping spring on the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate 13, and an operator is ejected out of the rapid escape turning device 22 to smoothly fall to an escape landslide and slide down along the escape landslide; and continuing to save self in the next step.
The above description is only a few of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may modify the above-described embodiments or modify them into equivalent ones. Therefore, any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made in accordance with the technical solution of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An oil well under-pressure operation device capable of quickly and safely escaping is characterized in that: comprises a well mouth (1), a well mouth connecting flange (2), a fixed beam (3), a lifting hydraulic cylinder (4), a three-gate-plate blowout preventer (5), a platform support (6), a moving beam (7), a pipe column (8), a platform rotating shaft (10), a working platform (11), a damping spring (12), a track fixing connecting plate (13), a connecting bolt (14), a rubber buffer (15), an escape landslide (16), a ground escape air supplement cushion (17), an elevator (18) and a rapid escape turnover device (22), wherein the upper part of the well mouth (1) is connected with the three-gate-plate blowout preventer (5), the outer side of a well head (1) is connected with a fixed cross beam (3) through a well head connecting flange (2), the upper part of the fixed cross beam (3) is connected with a moving cross beam (7) through a lifting hydraulic cylinder (4), the upper part of the moving cross beam (7) is provided with an elevator (18), and a pipe column (8) is driven to move up and down through the elevator (18); a plurality of groups of platform supports (6) are arranged around a wellhead (1), the top of each platform support (6) supports a working platform (11), quick escape turning devices (22) are respectively arranged on two sides of an operation position of each working platform (11), the lower ends of the quick escape turning devices (22) rotate around a platform rotating shaft (10), the lower parts of the working platforms (11) are connected to the top of an escape landslide (16) through rail fixing connecting plates (13), damping springs (12) and rubber cushions (15) are arranged on the lower sides of the rail fixing connecting plates (13), the balance reversing plates (22) which fall in a rotating mode are ejected through the damping springs (12) and the rubber cushions (15), and ground escape supplement air cushions (17) are arranged at the bottoms of the escape landslides (16); an operator can be quickly sent to the top of the escape landslide (16) through the balance reversing plate (22), and then can be quickly separated from the quick escape turnover device (22) through the auxiliary action of the damping spring (12) and the rubber cushion (15), and slide to the ground escape air supplement cushion (17) along the escape landslide (16).
2. The oil well under pressure operation device capable of being quickly and safely escaped as claimed in claim 1, wherein: quick turning device (22) of fleing includes commentaries on classics cover (22.1), connecting body (22.2), human bearing part (22.3), head safety protection flexion (22.4), and connecting body (22.2) are the rectangle structure, are equipped with commentaries on classics cover (22.1) in the bottom, are equipped with head safety protection flexion (22.4) at the top, are equipped with human bearing part (22.3) in the inboard of connecting body (22.2).
3. The oil well under pressure operation device capable of being quickly and safely escaped as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rapid escape turnover device (22) comprises a rotary sleeve (22.1), a connecting main body (22.2), a head safety protection bending part (22.4) and an escape safety air bag (22.5), wherein the connecting main body (22.2) is of a rectangular structure, the bottom of the connecting main body is provided with the rotary sleeve (22.1), the top of the connecting main body is provided with the head safety protection bending part (22.4), the outside of the connecting main body (22.2) is sleeved with the escape safety air bag (22.5), the escape safety air bag (22.5) comprises an air bag main body (22.5.1), a gas exchange hole (22.5.2), a head mounting groove (22.5.3) and a bottom mounting groove (22.5.4), the upper end of the inner side of the air bag main body (22.5.1) is provided with a head mounting groove (22.5.3) for being matched and connected with the head safety protection bending part (22.4), the lower end of the escape safety air bag main body is provided with a bottom mounting groove (22.5.4) for being matched and connected with the lower part of the, a gas exchange hole (22.5.2) is provided on the lower side of the head airbag protrusion (22.5.5).
4. The oil well under pressure operation device capable of being quickly and safely escaped as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ground escape air supplement cushion (17) comprises an cushion main body (17.1), an inflation valve (17.2), an air release valve (17.3), an air release rod (17.4) and an escape receiving plate (17.5), wherein the cushion main body (17.1) is a cuboid-shaped air bag, an inflation valve (17.2) is arranged at one side of the air cushion main body (17.1), a plurality of groups of deflation valves (17.3) are distributed on the upper surface, and the upper part of each air release valve (17.3) is connected with an air release rod (17.4), the top part of each air release rod (17.4) is connected with an escape receiving plate (17.5), the escape receiving plate (17.5) is densely provided with air through holes, an operator for escaping can press the lower air release rod (17.4) to move downwards after sliding into the escape receiving plate (17.5), thereby enabling the air-rich air stored in the inner cavity of the air cushion main body (17.1) to be discharged by the plurality of groups of air-discharge valves (17.3), and enabling the escape operator to obtain clean air to breathe and save oneself.
5. The oil well under pressure operation device capable of being quickly and safely escaped as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the track fixed connection board (13) is of a rectangular structure, and a plurality of groups of damping springs (12) and rubber cushions (15) are distributed on the lower side of the outer surface of the track fixed connection board (13) at intervals.
6. The oil well under pressure operation device capable of being quickly and safely escaped as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the escape landslide (16) is of a right-angle trapezoidal structure, the surface of the upper bottom of the escape landslide is connected with the rail fixing connecting plate (13), the lower bottom of the escape landslide is in contact with the ground, the outer side of the right-angle trapezoidal structure is a slope, and side baffles are arranged on two sides of the slope.
7. The oil well under pressure operation device capable of being quickly and safely escaped as claimed in claim 1, wherein: bleed valve (17.3) include valve body (17.3.1), internal fixation valve seat (17.3.2), toper case (17.3.3), supporting spring (17.3.4), fixing base (17.3.5), the bottom of valve body (17.3.1) is passed through fixing base (17.3.5) and is connected fixedly with the upper wall of air cushion main part (17.1), the inner chamber is equipped with toper case (17.3.3), supporting spring (17.3.4), the lower part of toper case (17.3.3) is equipped with supporting spring (17.3.4), upper portion and internal fixation valve seat (17.3.2) cooperation, and the upper surface and the contact of bleeding stick (17.4) of toper case (17.3.3).
8. The use method of the oil well under pressure operation device capable of being quickly and safely escaped as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, two groups of escape landslides (16) are arranged on platform supports (6) on two sides below a working platform (11), then a fixed track fixing connecting plate (13) is arranged between the upper surface of the escape landslide (16) and the working platform (11), a damping spring (12) and a rubber cushion (15) are arranged on the outer surface of the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate (13), and then a ground escape air supplement cushion (17) is arranged on the ground of the escape landslide (16); then, quick escape turnover devices (22) are arranged on two sides of the working platform (11) and can rotate around the platform rotating shaft (10);
secondly, when a blowout accident occurs, two operators retreat and lean back into the quick escape turning device (22), the bottom of the quick escape turning device (22) rotates around the rotating shaft, the operators are fixed in the quick escape turning device (22), and meanwhile, the operators are prevented from being thrown out during turning through a head safety protection bending part (22.4) arranged at the top of the quick escape turning device; when the rapid escape turning device (22) is turned over for 180 degrees, the rapid escape turning device collides with a damping spring on the lower side of the track fixing connecting plate (13), ejects an operator out of the rapid escape turning device (22), smoothly falls to an escape landslide and slides down along the escape landslide;
thirdly, when an operator slides to the ground along the escape ramp, the operator can slide into the ground escape air supplement cushion (17) installed on the ground, after touching the escape receiving plate (17.5), the operator can press the lower air release rod (17.4) to move downwards, so that the air rich air stored in the inner cavity of the air cushion main body (17.1) can be released by the air release valves (17.3), the operator who escapes can obtain clean air to breathe at the stage, meanwhile, the small flag erected in the well field can be observed to judge the wind direction during the period, then, the small flag goes against the wind to the upper wind port, the harm of the hydrogen sulfide gas sprayed by the well to the operator on the ground is reduced, and self rescue is realized.
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| CN202010253213.0A CN111322035B (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2020-04-02 | Oil well under-pressure operation device and method capable of quickly and safely escaping |
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