CN111317901A

CN111317901A - Buccal closed type atomization inhalation device

Info

Publication number: CN111317901A
Application number: CN202010149329.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 居旻杰; 刘凯; 罗哲; 潘文彦; 刘玉静; 徐梁
Original assignee: Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
Current assignee: Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
Priority date: 2020-03-05
Filing date: 2020-03-05
Publication date: 2020-06-23

Abstract

The invention discloses a buccal closed type atomization inhalation device, which comprises: a face mask; fixing belts connected to cheeks on two sides of the mask; a breathing tube for breathing by the patient; the air filter is positioned at the exhaust end of the breathing tube; and the atomizer connecting pipe is communicated with the breathing pipe in a cross way and is used for connecting the medical atomizer. The invention can prevent the virus from being dispersed into the air when the patient suffering from the respiratory infectious disease carries out atomization treatment, avoid infecting medical staff and other patients, reduce dead space of the nasopharynx part, avoid blocking respiratory tract to suffocate, promote respiratory exercise of the disease and be beneficial to the recovery of the pulmonary function.

Description

Buccal closed type atomization inhalation device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, relates to a buccal closed type atomization inhalation device, and particularly relates to a buccal closed type atomization inhalation device for patients with infectious pneumonia.

Background

Many severe respiratory infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome, atypical pneumonia), plague, tuberculosis, etc. which are seriously threatening human life are transmitted via respiratory tract by means of droplet or air transmission, and in order to effectively prevent medical staff working at the front line and other staff in the ward from being infected and ensure their safety, various measures have been taken, however, how to cut off the transmission path of virus and bacteria is always a difficult problem.

The inventor finds that the novel coronavirus pneumonia patients in a general ward (non-negative pressure ward) have great infectious risk when carrying out aerosol inhalation treatment in clinical practice of rescuing the new coronary pneumonia critical patients.

An increasing number of clinical and pathological anatomical findings have demonstrated that the novel coronavirus pneumonitis COVID-19 can cause the distal and terminal airways of the patient's respiratory system to become blocked by a large number of viscous branches, causing the patient to experience dyspnea and even asphyxia. The conventional sputum aspiration and ventilator assisted ventilation cannot well solve the problems. Effective aerosol inhalation is a possible scheme for promoting the decomposition and discharge of airway secretion.

The aerosol inhalation is a clinical commonly used treatment method, is suitable for patients with pulmonary infection, hypoxemia and the like, and has the effects of humidifying air passages, reducing phlegm, relieving spasm and the like. However, during the aerosol inhalation process, a large amount of aerosol is generated by the patient and is directly communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the aerosol can be diffused into the environment. If the patient has respiratory infectious diseases, particularly pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus, the infectivity of the patient is high, 8 million people in the world are infected by 2-29 days of 2020, and the aerosol generated by the patient is one of the causes of cross infection in medical institutions, which is more likely to occur under the condition of a general ward. Therefore, in the current clinical practice, when the conventional atomization inhalation is used for patients with pneumonia of light or heavy type novel coronavirus in a general ward, the risk of virus infection is very high.

Therefore, the clinical urgent need is an atomizing device which can meet the atomizing requirement of new coronary pneumonia patients and can ensure the environmental safety so as to prevent medical staff and other personnel from being infected by viruses.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defect that the atomization device in the prior art can not avoid the infection of other people by a patient, help the patient to recover as soon as possible and be suitable for atomization treatment of more infectious diseases (including influenza and the like) of the respiratory system, the inventor designs and manufactures the atomization inhalation device which has a simple structure and can achieve multiple effects. Specifically, the present invention includes the following technical solutions.

An oral closed aerosol inhalation device comprising: a face mask; a lace (or a fixing belt) connected with the cheek edges of the two sides of the mask; a breathing tube which passes through the through hole of the mouth of the mask and is used for breathing of a patient; the air filter is positioned at the exhaust end of the breathing tube; the outer side of the face mask is communicated with the breathing tube in a cross way and is used for connecting an atomizer connecting tube of the medical atomizer.

The breathing tube and the atomizer connecting tube are both of hollow structures, and the breathing tube and the atomizer connecting tube are preferably vertically communicated to form a T-shaped structure. The breathing tube and the atomizer are connected with a crossed structure, such as a perpendicular T-shaped tube structure, so that the gas is discharged when a patient exhales, and the atomization effect of the oxygen atomized and inhaled by the patient is not influenced.

The breathing tube and the nebulizer adapter can be made of a polymer material such as transparent plastic.

The lacing or the fixing band is used for tightening the head of the patient or hanging the head of the patient behind two ears of the patient as the ear rope, so that the mask can be tightly attached to the skin of the face of the patient, and viruses are prevented from being emitted to the air along with aerosol when the patient exhales to the maximum extent.

Preferably, the mask has holes for attaching the fastening bands at both cheek edges. If the mask is not firmly fixed or not tightly attached to the face, a plurality of straps can be used for fixing.

The breathing tube is provided with a mask combination part (such as a concave ring section) which is used for being tightly sleeved with a through hole of the mouth part of the mask, so that the through hole of the mask is tightly sleeved on the breathing tube and is close to zero clearance fit but can rotate relatively.

In a preferable scheme, one end of the breathing tube in the mask is connected with a mouthpiece for the patient to bite to breathe. The dead space of the nasopharynx part can be reduced by the way that a patient holds the mouth and bites the mouth; the patient inhales the atomized oxygen through the oral cavity, and can humidify the sputum in the respiratory airway, so that the sputum is easy to discharge, and the asphyxia caused by the blockage of the respiratory tract is avoided.

The material of the mouthpiece is preferably a high molecular material, including but not limited to PE, PVC, polyurethane PU, etc., and may also be an elastic high molecular material such as rubber, silica gel or elastic polyurethane, so as to increase the compliance of the patient.

The air filter should have a function of filtering microorganisms (including bacteria and viruses) so as to block the viruses from being emitted into the air. The functional part of the air filter for filtering microorganisms is a filter membrane or a filter screen.

After the air exhaust end of the breathing tube is connected with the air filter, the exhalation resistance is improved, the breathing exercise of a patient is objectively promoted, and the recovery of the lung function is facilitated.

In one embodiment, the air filter includes a filter membrane having a function of filtering microorganisms (including bacteria and viruses), and fixing rings disposed at both sides of the filter membrane for fixing the filter membrane.

The air filter comprises a filtering membrane, an outer fixing ring and an inner fixing ring, wherein the outer fixing ring and the inner fixing ring are positioned on two sides of the filtering membrane and used for clamping and fixing the filtering membrane. Wherein the outer side of the outer fixing ring is emptied and the inner side is contacted with the filtering membrane; the outer side of the internal fixing ring is contacted with the inner side of the filtering membrane and is fixedly connected with the exhaust end of the breathing tube, for example, by plugging, embedding or threaded connection.

In order to protect the filtering membrane from being damaged by touching external foreign matters, reinforcing ribs for protecting the filtering membrane can be arranged on the external fixing ring; or reinforcing ribs for protecting the filter membrane are arranged on the outer fixing ring and the inner fixing ring.

Preferably, the filter membrane can filter particles below 0.3 μm, such as sodium chloride aerosol with a filtration efficiency of not less than 30% for 0.3 μm; in order not to cause the patient to have difficulty exhaling, the respiratory resistance of the filter membrane: under the condition of filtration efficiency and flow, the inspiration resistance can refer to the main technical indexes of the medical surgical mask, such as breathing resistance: under the condition of filtration efficiency and flow rate, the inhalation resistance does not exceed 50Pa, and the exhalation resistance does not exceed 30 Pa.

The material of the filter membrane may be, for example, an ultrafine polypropylene fiber meltblown material (meltblown), or a PTFE (hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene) filter membrane.

Alternatively, when the outer fixing ring and the inner fixing ring clamp and fix the filtering membrane, the outer fixing ring and the inner fixing ring are arranged between the upper circular ring and the lower circular ring, and the outer fixing ring and the inner fixing ring of the filtering membrane are combined into a whole through glue bonding or ultrasonic welding.

In another embodiment, the air filter may be a PTFE (hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane filter having a membrane pore size of 0.22 μm or less, such as 0.20 μm. For example, the prior art PALL (Perl) PTFE air filters, Millipore (Millipore) PTFE air filters, Whatman (Whatman) PTFE air filters, and even conventional PTFE needle head air filters, can be used. When in use, the air inlet of the PTFE air filter is fixed at the exhaust end of the breathing tube.

Optionally, a hose may be fitted over the outside or outer diameter of the air filter to redirect the exhaled air from the patient and prevent the air flow from reaching others and causing a risk of infection or fear.

The buccal closed type atomization inhalation device can be matched with a conventional medical atomizer used in a hospital, and is not limited to specific models and types, so that the shape and size of an atomizer connecting pipe for connecting the medical atomizer can be changed according to a specific medical atomizer air outlet, so that the connection mode of the atomizer connecting pipe and the medical atomizer connecting pipe is matched, and the connection mode of the atomizer connecting pipe and the medical atomizer connecting pipe can be socket joint, plug joint, clamping joint or screw joint.

The buccal closed type atomization inhalation device can prevent the virus of a patient suffering from respiratory infectious diseases from being dispersed into the air during atomization treatment, avoid infecting medical staff and other patients, reduce dead space of nasopharynx, avoid blocking respiratory tract to suffocate, promote respiratory exercise of the diseases and contribute to recovery of pulmonary function. It can be used for treating novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 and SARS, and also can be used for treating other pneumonia and respiratory infectious diseases such as avian influenza and influenza A.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an oral closed aerosol inhalation device according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic view of the embodiment of the oral hermetically sealed aerosol inhalation device of figure 1 shown with the face mask removed.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a buccal hermetically sealed aerosol inhalation device with the mask removed. The filter is a PTFE air filter.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of the filter of the embodiment of the oral hermetically sealed aerosol inhalation device of figure 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the filter of fig. 4 in combination with a breathing tube.

Fig. 6 is a schematic end view of the filter of fig. 4.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments and not all embodiments of the present application; and the structures shown in the drawings are merely schematic and do not represent actual objects. It should be noted that all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present application.

The inventor feels that patients who carry out atomization treatment have serious infection risks to medical staff for rescue, other patients in the same ward and accompanying personnel in emergency treatment of new coronary pneumonia, and one important reason is that the existing atomizer is difficult to prevent viruses exhaled by the patients from dispersing into the air, and meanwhile, in consideration of enabling the patients to recover the lung function early, the inhalation closed type atomization inhalation device is inspired by the principle that the air filter physically blocks the viruses and the aerosol and respiratory muscle exercise and is favorable for lung function recovery exercise, so that the inhalation closed type atomization inhalation device is designed and manufactured to be matched with a medical atomizer for use. Obviously, it can be widely used for the atomization treatment of patients with respiratory infectious diseases.

For simplicity of description, the term "buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device" is sometimes referred to herein simply as "aerosol inhalation device" or "aerosolization device", which are intended to have the same meaning and may be used interchangeably. Similarly, "air filter" may be referred to as a "virus filter" or "filter," which are used synonymously.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device 10 of the present invention mainly comprises: a face mask 1; a lace 11 or a fixing belt 11 connected to the cheek edges of the two sides of the mask; a breathing tube 2 which passes through a through hole 12 of the mouth of the mask and is used for breathing of a patient; an air filter 3 at the discharge end 21 (end 21) of the breathing tube 2; and an atomizer connecting pipe 4 which is communicated with the breathing pipe 2 in a crossed way at a certain angle at the outer side of the face mask 1 and is used for connecting a medical atomizer (not shown).

The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, herein are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

These components are described separately below.

The face mask 1 is made of soft high polymer materials such as medical PVC materials and silica gel, is in a shape conforming to human engineering, can be attached to a cheek, and covers the nose, mouth and chin (chin) of a patient, so that the expiration of the patient is prevented from overflowing from the face.

The cheek edges of the two sides of the face mask 1 are respectively provided with a hole 13 for installing a tying belt 11. If the mask 1 is not securely fastened or does not fit tightly against the face, it may be fastened using a plurality of straps 11.

The lacing 11 or the fixing band 11 is used for fastening the head of the patient or hanging the head of the patient behind two ears of the patient as an ear rope, so that the mask 1 can be tightly attached to the skin of the face of the patient, and viruses are prevented from being emitted to the air along with aerosol when the patient exhales to the maximum extent.

The breathing tube 2 and the nebulizer adapter 4 are both hollow and can be made of a polymer material such as transparent plastic.

Preferably, the breathing tube 2 is in vertical communication with the nebulizer adapter 4, i.e. in a substantially right angle communication, forming a T-shaped structure, as shown in fig. 1 to 3. The breathing tube 2 and the nebulizer adapter tube 4 adopt a cross structure such as a perpendicular T-shaped tube structure, which is beneficial for the discharge of gas during expiration of a patient, as shown in the arrow direction from the front end to the rear end of the breathing tube 2 in fig. 1 to 3; nor does it affect the nebulization effect of the oxygen gas inhaled by the patient after nebulization, as shown in fig. 2 to 3 in the direction of the arrow of the nebulizer adapter 4 and the arrow below the breathing tube 2.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a mask coupling portion 21, such as a concave ring segment 22, may be provided on the breathing tube 2 for tightly engaging with the mouth through hole 12 of the mask 1, so that the mask through hole 12 is tightly sleeved on the breathing tube 2, and the two are close to zero clearance fit but can rotate relatively.

The patient can bite into the breathing tube 2 at one end 23 (front end 23) of the mask 1 to breathe. In a preferred embodiment, a mouthpiece 5 can be connected to the end 23, i.e. the front end 23, of the breathing tube 2 inside the mask 1 for the patient to bite into the breath. The dead space of the nasopharynx part can be reduced by the way that the patient holds the mouth 5. Therefore, the patient inhales the atomized oxygen through the oral cavity, and can humidify the sputum in the respiratory airway, so that the sputum is easily discharged, and the blocking of the respiratory tract and the asphyxia are avoided.

The term "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may be movably or fixedly connected. For example, the front end 23 of the breathing tube 2 can be movably connected with the mouthpiece 5, and the two can rotate relatively; or may be fixed together or integrally formed.

Herein, the term "front (end)" or "inner side" means a positional relationship upstream in a direction from the mouthpiece 5 to the filter 3 of the breathing tube (i.e., an expiratory air flow direction), but does not mean that it must be oriented in a certain fixed direction in an actual installation operation, only in order to show a positional relationship or a connection relationship between respective components. Similarly, the terms "outside", "back (end)", "end", etc. do not constitute an absolute spatial relationship limitation, but are merely a concept of relative position. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The mouthpiece 5 is preferably made of a polymer material, including but not limited to PE, PVC, polyurethane PU, etc., and may also be made of an elastic polymer material, such as rubber, silicone or elastic polyurethane, so as to increase the compliance of the patient. The part of the mouthpiece 5 extending into the oral cavity can be round or oval, so that a patient can conveniently bite the mouthpiece.

The air filter 3 should have a function of filtering microorganisms (including bacteria and viruses) so as to block the emission of viruses into the air. The functional component of the air filter 3 for filtering microorganisms is a filter membrane 31 or a filter net 31.

After the air exhaust end 21 of the breathing tube 2 is connected with the air filter 3, the exhalation resistance is improved, the breathing muscle exercise of a patient is objectively promoted, the recovery of the lung function is facilitated, the prognosis is improved, and the air filter 3 has double functions.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in one embodiment, the air filter 3 includes a filter membrane 31 having a function of filtering microorganisms (including bacteria and viruses), and two fixing

rings

32, 33 provided on both sides of the filter membrane 31 for fixing the filter membrane 31. Outer fixing rings 32 (upper ring in fig. 5) and inner fixing rings 33 (lower ring in fig. 5) located on the inner and outer sides, i.e., the front and rear sides, of filtering membrane 31 are used to hold and fix filtering membrane 31. Wherein, the outer side of the outer fixing ring 32 is emptied, and the inner side is contacted with the filtering membrane 31; the outer side of the inner fixing ring 33 contacts the filtering membrane 31, and the inner side is connected and fixed with the exhaust end 21 of the breathing tube 2, for example, by plugging, embedding or screwing.

When the outer fixing ring 32 and the inner fixing ring 33 clamp and fix the filter membrane 31, the filter membrane 31 may be disposed between the two

rings

32 and 33, and the filter membrane 31 may be integrated with the outer fixing ring 32 and the inner fixing ring 33 by glue bonding or ultrasonic welding.

As shown in fig. 5, in order to connect the air filter 3 and the breathing tube 2, a convex ring 331 is disposed inside the inner fixing ring 33, and the convex ring 331 can be tightly embedded in the wall of the end 21 of the breathing tube 2 (see left view a); alternatively, the air filter 3 may be threaded into the breathing tube 2 by providing external threads on the male ring 331 and matching internal threads in the wall of the distal end 21 of the breathing tube 2 (see right panel B).

Referring to fig. 6, in order to protect the filter membrane 31 from damage caused by external foreign objects, reinforcing ribs 34, such as three intersecting reinforcing ribs 34, for protecting the filter membrane 31 may be provided on the outer fixing ring 32; alternatively, both the outer fixing ring 32 and the inner fixing ring 33 are provided with reinforcing ribs 34, for example three intersecting reinforcing ribs 34, for protecting the filter membrane 31.

The filter membrane 31 should be capable of filtering particles below 0.3 μm, such as sodium chloride aerosol of 0.3 μm with a filtration efficiency of not less than 30%; in order not to cause difficulty in breathing out of the patient, the breathing resistance of the filtering membrane 31 may refer to the main technical indexes of the medical surgical mask, such as the breathing resistance: under the condition of filtration efficiency and flow rate, the inhalation resistance does not exceed 50Pa, and the exhalation resistance does not exceed 30 Pa. Or the filtration efficiency and the breathing resistance of the filtration membrane 31 can also refer to the main technical indexes of the medical protective mask, for example, the filtration efficiency is as follows: the filtering efficiency of the sodium chloride aerosol with aerodynamic median diameter (0.24 +/-0.06) mu m is not lower than 95 percent under the condition of air flow (85 +/-2) L/min, namely the filtering efficiency meets the grade of N95 (or FFP2) and above. Diameter capable of blocking transmission through air<5 μm or close-range exposure to droplet-transmitted infectious agents. The air suction resistance is as follows: under the above flow rate condition, the suction resistance does not exceed 343.2Pa (35 mmH)₂O)。

The material of the filter membrane 31 may be, for example, an ultrafine polypropylene fiber meltblown material (meltblown) or a PTFE (hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene) filter membrane.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, the above-mentioned air filter 3 may also be a PTFE (hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane filter having a membrane pore size of 0.3 μm or less, such as 0.22 μm or 0.2 μm. For example, the prior art PALL (PALL) PTFE air filters, Millipore (Millipore) PTFE air filters, Whatman (Whatman) PTFE air filters, which may even be conventional PTFE needle air filters 3, may be used. When in use, the air inlet of the PTFE air filter 3 is fixed at the exhaust end 21 of the breathing tube 2.

In an alternative embodiment, a hose (not shown) may be provided around the outside or outer diameter of the air filter 3 to redirect the exhaled air from the patient and prevent the exhaled air from reaching the patient and causing a risk of infection or fear.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device 10 can be used with a conventional medical atomizer or oxygen atomizer (not shown) used in hospitals, and is not limited to a specific type and kind, so the shape and size of the atomizer adapter 4 for connecting the medical atomizer can be changed according to the air outlet of the medical atomizer used in a specific application, so that the two can be matched, and the connection manner of the two can be socket joint, plug joint, clamping joint or screw joint. The oxygen atomizer takes an oxygen source as power to generate atomization, and the atomization is inhaled through the oral cavity of a patient to humidify sputum in the trachea of the patient, so that the sputum is easy to discharge, the respiratory tract is not blocked by the sputum to suffocate, and the critical patient is promoted to turn into danger.

The buccal hermetically sealed aerosol inhalation device 10 of the present invention has been described in detail above, and the above description of the embodiments is merely intended to aid in understanding the inventive concepts of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. An oral closed aerosol inhalation device comprising: a face mask; straps attached to the cheek edges of the two sides of the mask; a breathing tube which passes through the through hole of the mouth of the mask and is used for breathing of the patient; the air filter is positioned at the exhaust end of the breathing tube; and the atomizer connecting pipe is communicated with the breathing pipe in a cross way at the outer side of the mask.

2. The buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the breathing tube is preferably vertically connected to the nebulizer adapter tube to form a T-shaped structure.

3. The buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the breathing tube is provided with a mask combining portion for tightly engaging with the through hole of the mask mouth.

4. The buccal sealed aerosol inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece is attached to the end of the breathing tube within the face mask.

5. The buccal sealed aerosol inhalation device of claim 4, wherein the mouthpiece is made of a polymeric material.

6. The buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the air filter comprises a filter membrane for filtering microorganisms, an outer fixing ring and an inner fixing ring for fixing the filter membrane at both sides of the filter membrane.

7. The buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device of claim 6, wherein the outer fixing ring and the inner fixing ring form a hermetic structure for fixing the filtering membrane, and the inner fixing ring is inserted or screwed with the exhaust end of the breathing tube.

8. The buccal hermetic aerosol inhalation device of claim 6, wherein the outer fixing ring is provided with reinforcing ribs for protecting the filter membrane; or the outer fixing ring and the inner fixing ring are both provided with reinforcing ribs for protecting the filter membrane.

9. The buccal closed aerosol inhalation device of claim 6, wherein the material of the filter membrane is melt-blown cloth or PTFE filter membrane.

10. The buccal closed aerosol inhalation device of claim 1, wherein the air filter is a PTFE membrane filter with a membrane pore size of 0.3 μm or less.