CN111294747B - Farmland wireless sensor network and communication method - Google Patents
Farmland wireless sensor network and communication method Download PDFInfo
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- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
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- H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
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Abstract
The invention relates to a farmland wireless sensor network and a communication method, belonging to the technical field of wireless sensors. The wireless network comprises a gathering node positioned in the center of a communication area and sensor nodes around the gathering node; forming a plurality of layers of annular regions around the collection node; the sensor nodes are distributed in each annular area; when networking is carried out, a first communication channel is established between a sensor node in the innermost annular area and a collection node, and a first communication channel is established between a sensor node in other annular areas and at least one sensor node in the adjacent inner annular area; each sensor node also establishes a second communication channel with at least one sensor node in the annular area where the sensor node is located; after obtaining data, each sensor node transmits the data through a first communication channel according to a first set probability and transmits the data through a second communication channel according to a second set probability; if a certain communication channel fails, transmitting data through another communication channel; the first set probability is greater than the second set probability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a farmland wireless sensor network and a communication method, belonging to the technical field of wireless sensors.
Background
The farmland wireless sensor network is influenced by the driving of production organization, and presents different characteristics in the aspects of network topology form, information transmission mode and the like: (1) in the farmland operation process, interference factors are numerous, the farmland is in a gradual change environment, the network deployment range is large, the deployment density is small, relay nodes need to be introduced and hierarchical clustering is carried out, the dynamic uncertainty of network behaviors is obviously improved due to factors such as dynamic isomerism and chain directional transmission, and the farmland wireless sensor network is promoted to present obvious topological changeability; (2) the large-area farmland monitoring area needs node cooperative monitoring, and the overlapping and obvious interaction of nodes and links between layers and clusters inevitably occurs, so that obvious cross coupling correlation and interlayer coupling correlation characteristics are presented; (3) the farmland wireless sensor network rarely has the problems of node failure, link recombination and the like caused by malicious attack, but the node movement is inevitably caused in the farmland operation process, so that the link dynamic recombination forms a new topology; (4) when different sensors complete the monitoring of the specific environmental factor, the power consumption of the sensors is very different. Different energy consumption speeds are necessarily caused due to different monitoring frequency and different environment objects monitored by each node. The crop production period is long and the node energy consumption is unbalanced, so that the whole network is in multi-level energy isomerism.
The above 4-aspect characteristics finally make the farmland wireless sensor network a network system with a typical intersection-interlayer coupling structure. After each sensor of the existing farmland wireless sensor network finishes data acquisition, a sensor node far away from a base station autonomously seeks a path through other sensor nodes to transmit data to the base station (or other nodes for data aggregation) in a multi-hop mode by adopting a near strategy, for example, when a part of regions with uneven power consumption are dead due to energy consumption of the sensors, an upstream sensor node on a communication link in the region is difficult to reliably and effectively ensure the smoothness of a data transmission channel with the base station, the problem of cascade failure occurs, and the problem that failure fault recovery data transmission channel is difficult to automatically process is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a farmland wireless sensor network and a communication method, which are used for solving the problem that the farmland wireless sensor network is easy to have cascade failure and improving the environmental adaptability and the survival capability of the farmland sensor network.
In order to achieve the above object, the scheme of the invention comprises:
the invention relates to a farmland wireless sensor network communication method, wherein a wireless network comprises a collection node positioned in the center of a communication area and sensor nodes distributed around the collection node; forming a plurality of radially distributed non-overlapping annular zones around the collection node; the sensor nodes are distributed in each annular area; when the wireless network is networked, the sensor nodes in the innermost annular area and the collection node establish a first communication channel, and the sensor nodes in other annular areas and at least one sensor node in the adjacent inner annular area establish a first communication channel; each sensor node also establishes a second communication channel with at least one sensor node in the annular area where the sensor node is located;
after data are collected or received by each sensor node, the data are transmitted through a first communication channel according to a first set probability, and the data are transmitted through a second channel according to a second set probability; if the data transmission of a certain communication channel fails, transmitting the data through another communication channel; the first set probability is greater than the second set probability.
The method and the device establish a communication area by taking a sink node or a base station as a center, cover a farmland monitoring area, and establish a plurality of annular sensor node arrangement areas which are sequentially nested in the communication area in a layering manner, in the communication process, data are sequentially transmitted from each layer of annular area to the sink node layer by layer, the attempt of transmission to an inner layer is preferably considered in each transmission, when invalid node obstruction occurs on a communication channel or a link, a new channel can be actively tried to be found in the layer of annular area to continue the transmission to the inner layer, the data can be ensured to be still transmitted to the sink node after a certain number of sensor nodes die, and the problem of cascade failure of a wireless sensor network is avoided.
Further, the sensor nodes are arranged at intervals of a set distance in the annular area along the extending direction of the corresponding annular area.
The wireless sensor nodes are uniformly arranged in each annular area along the annular area, so that the problems that the transmission energy consumption of the area is increased and the communication link is not smooth and the signal is poor due to the fact that the sensor nodes in partial areas are too sparse are solved.
Further, a sensor node in the non-innermost annular zone and a sensor node closest to the sensor node in the adjacent inner annular zone establish a first communication channel; and each sensor node establishes a second communication channel with the sensor node closest to the left side direction and the sensor node closest to the right side direction in the annular area where the sensor node is located.
In a second communication channel of the same-layer transmission, a left transmission direction and a right transmission direction are added, so that the feasibility of same-layer path finding after the failure of an inner-layer node is further improved, and the performance of the network for resisting the cascade failure is ensured. Meanwhile, the distance between the node and the node establishing a communication channel in the inner-layer annular area is the closest, so that the energy consumption of the sensor network is reduced, and the service life of the network is prolonged. The left side node and the right side node for establishing the communication channel are also the nodes closest to the nodes with data transmission requirements, so that the power consumption of single communication is reduced, and the service life of the network is prolonged.
Further, when the sensor node transmits data through the second communication channel, the sensor node preferentially transmits data to the sensor node closest to the second communication channel, or preferentially transmits data to the sensor node with the largest residual energy on the second communication channel.
Transmitting data to the sensor node closest to the sensor node, and ensuring that the energy consumption of single transmission is lowest; and data are transmitted to the sensor nodes with the most residual energy, so that the energy consumption of the sensor nodes is balanced, and the premature death of part of the sensor nodes is prevented.
Further, the number of sensor nodes in each annular region is determined according to the area of the corresponding annular region.
The number of the sensors is determined according to the area, so that the sensors in the whole farmland communication area or the monitoring area are uniformly distributed, and the conditions that the sensors in the middle are dense and the periphery is sparse are prevented.
Further, when the network is networked, the initial load L of each sensor node ni Comprises the following steps:
wherein L is ni Represents the initial load, L, of the sensor node i of the nth layer n+1 Represents the initial load sum, T, of all sensor nodes of the n +1 th layer n Representing the number of the nth layer of sensor nodes;
capacity C of each sensor node ni Comprises the following steps:
wherein, C ni The capacity of the sensor node i of the nth layer is represented, alpha represents a tolerance coefficient and alpha is more than or equal to 0.
The initial load of the nodes of the whole network can be obtained by defining the initial load of the outermost layer node, and the workload and the data volume during networking are reduced.
Further, if the load of the sensor node exceeds the capacity of the sensor node, the sensor node fails; and after each round of communication is finished, networking the rest effective sensor nodes again.
The invention relates to a farmland wireless sensor network, which comprises a collection node positioned in the center of a communication area and sensor nodes distributed around the collection node; forming a plurality of radially distributed non-overlapping annular zones around the collection node; the sensor nodes are distributed in each annular area; when the wireless network is networked, the sensor nodes in the innermost annular area and the collection node establish a first communication channel, and the sensor nodes in other annular areas and at least one sensor node in the adjacent inner annular area establish a first communication channel; each sensor node also establishes a second communication channel with at least one sensor node in the annular area where the sensor node is located;
after data are collected or received by each sensor node, the data are transmitted through a first communication channel according to a first set probability, and the data are transmitted through a second channel according to a second set probability; if the data transmission of a certain communication channel fails, transmitting the data through another communication channel; the first set probability is greater than the second set probability.
Further, a sensor node in the non-innermost annular zone and a sensor node closest to the sensor node in the adjacent inner annular zone establish a first communication channel; and each sensor node establishes a second communication channel with the sensor node nearest to the left direction and the sensor node nearest to the right direction in the annular area where the sensor node is located.
Further, when the sensor node transmits data through the second communication channel, the sensor node preferentially transmits data to the sensor node closest to the second communication channel, or preferentially transmits data to the sensor node with the largest residual energy on the second communication channel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a communication area hierarchy diagram;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of networking.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method comprises the following steps:
the invention relates to a communication method of a farmland wireless sensor network for resisting cascade failure, which comprises the following steps:
1. and (6) node deployment.
(1) In a to-be-monitored area of a farmland, firstly determining deployment areas of a sink node (a base station with a data collecting function) and other sensor nodes (or other wireless nodes with a relay function), as shown in fig. 1, the sink node 10 is arranged in the middle of the to-be-monitored area, and divides the monitoring area around the sink node into 5 layers as node areas, including a first layer node area 101, a second layer node area 102, a third layer node area 103, a fourth layer node area 104 and a fifth layer node area 105, wherein the five layers of node areas are deployment areas of the sensor nodes including the sensor nodes; specifically, each layer of node area is annular, an inner layer node area is surrounded in the middle of the annular area, and a sink node 10 is surrounded in the middle of the annular area by an innermost layer (i.e., a first layer node area 101) node area; further, each node area may be a concentric ring-shaped area with the sink node as a center. In this embodiment, the distance between adjacent ring-shaped node regions is defined as b equal to 10m, and the ring diameter width of each layer of ring-shaped node regions is defined as a equal to 5 m. And deploying the nodes in each layer of node area.
(2) In this embodiment, the ratio of the occupied areas of the first layer node region 101 to the fifth layer node region 105 is: 115:275:325:475:625, and node deployment is performed according to an area ratio to ensure uniform monitoring of a farmland area as much as possible, so that the number of nodes deployed in the first-layer node area 101 to the fifth-layer node area 105 is respectively 12, 28, 33, 48 and 63, all the nodes are located in the annular node area and are distributed uniformly as much as possible along the annular surface, the sensor deployment is shown in fig. 2, and the hollow dots in the annular node area represent sensor nodes.
2. And networking.
And networking after the node deployment is finished, wherein the networking principle is as follows:
(1) for the nodes in each non-first-layer node area 101, a communication channel between the node and the node in the node area located one layer inward from the node area (i.e., an adjacent inner-layer node area, hereinafter referred to as "inner-layer node area") is first established (the established communication channel is used for transmission of traffic data). In order to reduce communication power consumption, the node establishes a wireless communication channel with an inner layer node closest to the node in the inner layer node area.
Then, establishing a communication channel between the node and other nodes in the node area, wherein the communication channel is used as a backup communication channel (or link) when communication (data transmission) to the nodes in the inner-layer node area fails (for example, when the inner-layer connected nodes fail), and specifically, a wireless communication channel can be established with the node closest to the node in the node area; in this embodiment, each node establishes a communication channel with a node closest to itself in the left and right directions in the node area where the node is located.
(2) For each node within the first level node zone 101, a communication channel is first established with the sink node 10. Then, as with the nodes in the other node areas, wireless communication channels between the nodes in the first-tier node area 101 and the other nodes in the first-tier node area 101 are established, that is, communication channels are established with the nodes closest to the nodes in the left and right directions, respectively, as backup communication channels when communication with the sink node 10 fails.
As shown in fig. 2, as for the nodes 11, 12, 13, and 14 in the fifth-layer node area 105 and the fourth-layer node area 104, finally, any non-base station (non-aggregation node 10) node (e.g., node 11) is formed, and all actively establishes contact with the surrounding 3 nodes (e.g., nodes 12, 13, and 14) (a node may establish contact with a node in an adjacent outer-layer node area, but not actively establish the node, but actively establish the node in the adjacent outer-layer node area), including a left node (e.g., nodes 13 and 14) in the same-layer node area and a nearest node (node 12) in the previous-layer node area.
Specifically, referring to the node connection situation of the innermost two-layer node area around the sink node (black solid circle) in fig. 2, the black implementation among the nodes represents the establishment of the wireless communication connection.
Therefore, corresponding nodes are deployed in each layer of node area, communication channels are established among the nodes, and after data are collected by each sensor node, the sensor nodes can communicate with the sink node 10 (base station) through other nodes and the corresponding communication channels, so that networking is completed.
3. Based on the deployed nodes, allocating initial load and capacity to all nodes
(1) Based on the load capacity model, combining the hierarchical characteristics, proposing a load capacity hierarchical model, as shown in the following formula (1):
wherein, C ni The capacity of the sensor node i in the nth layer is represented by i 1,2, …, N1, 2, …, L n ；L ni Representing the initial load of the sensor node i of the nth layer; alpha represents a tolerance coefficient, wherein alpha is more than or equal to 0; n represents the total number of initial nodes; l is n Representing the total number of layers.
(2) Initial load L of node ni The definition is shown in formula (2):
wherein L is ni Representing the initial load of the sensor node i of the nth layer, namely the nodes of the same layer have consistent initial loads; l is n+1 Representing the sum of initial loads of all nodes of the (n + 1) th layer; t is n Representing the total number of nodes of the nth layer; the initial load of the inner node depends on the initial load of the adjacent outer node, so that the initial load of the full network node can be obtained by defining the initial load of the outermost node, wherein the initial load of the outermost node is set to 1 unit.
Thus, the load capacity hierarchical model is defined as:
(3) therefore, on the basis of node deployment, initial load distribution and capacity definition are carried out on nodes of the whole network, and each node of the whole network obtains the initial load and the capacity of the node.
4. Provided is a full-network node communication method.
Based on node deployment and node allocation initial load and capacity, the specific communication process and principle are as follows:
(1) and according to the node deployment and the node distribution initial load and capacity, obtaining the initial flow and capacity of each node in the network, and completing the initialization of the network.
(2) The probability of successful communication between any node and any node among 3 contacted nodes is an adjustable parameter between 0 and 1, the sum of the probabilities of communication (data transmission) of any node is selected to be 1, taking the node 11 in the fifth-layer node area 105 in fig. 2 as an example, P (11-12) is the probability of the node 11 communicating with the node 12 (located in the adjacent inner-layer node area of the fifth-layer node area 105, i.e., in the fourth-layer node area 104), P (11-13) is the probability of the node 11 communicating with the node 13 (the node on the same layer as the node 11, i.e., in the fifth-layer node area 105), P (11-14) is the probability of the node 11 communicating with the node 14 (the node on the same layer as the node 11, i.e., in the fifth-layer node area 105), and P (11-12) + P (11-13) + P (11-14) ═ 1. Wherein P (11-12) > P (11-13) and P (11-12) > P (11-14). Here, the probabilities P (11-12), P (11-13), and P (11-14) are all settable parameters.
(3) If node 12 fails (or if node 11 is disconnected from node 12), then P (11-13) + P (11-14) ═ 1; if node 13 and node 14 fail (or the corresponding connection is broken) at the same time, P (11-12) is 1; if node 12 and node 13 fail (or the corresponding connection is broken) at the same time, P (11-14) is 1; similarly, if node 12 and node 14 fail (or the corresponding connection is broken), P (11-13) is equal to 1. If node 12, node 13 and node 14 fail (or the corresponding connections are broken) at the same time, node 11 also fails.
As an example, taking node 11 in FIG. 2 as an example, P (11-12) may be set to 1; when the node 11 fails to communicate with the node 12, considering that the node 13 is close to the node 11 and the energy consumption of the communication is low, setting P (11-13) as 1; when node 11 fails to communicate with node 13 as well, P (11-14) is set to 1. That is, the node 11 preferentially attempts to communicate with the node 12 in the inner layer, and if the node 12 fails or is disconnected from the node 12, attempts to communicate with the node 13 or the node 14 in the same layer, and then attempts to communicate with the node in the inner layer through the node 13 or the node 14 (data is transmitted inwards layer by layer, and self-regulation attempts are made to bypass the failed node or link to the sink node). The selection of communication with the node 13 or the node 14 is preferably based on energy consumption, and may be based on the remaining energy of the node 13 or the node 14, as another embodiment.
(4) And if the load of the corresponding node exceeds the capacity of the corresponding node, the node fails.
(5) The whole network node and the base station complete one communication as one iteration.
(6) And after the first iteration is finished, counting the number of the remaining surviving nodes (non-failure nodes) again, re-networking, and carrying out the whole-network communication (secondary iteration) according to the communication rule.
(7) And (4) repeating the step (6) until the number of dead nodes exceeds gamma, and the communication system fails (gamma is an adjustable parameter and can be set to 80 percent in advance).
5. And judging the advantages and disadvantages of the system in the aspect of cascade failure resistance of the farmland wireless sensor network.
The node proves whether the communication succeeds or not in the form of forwarding the data packet, and the capacity and the load of the node and a link are not considered, and only the influence rule of the change based on the success probability of the communication between layers and the same layer on the cascade failure resistance of the network model is considered. The method is used for judging the advantages and the disadvantages of the established system by setting 2 judging indexes.
(1) The effective node ratio.
Effective node ratio K 1 The index is the ratio of the number of nodes in the normal state of the network in the cascade failure process to the number of nodes in the initial network after the node fails, and the index is used for evaluating the influence of the cascade failure on the network from the aspect of the network failure scale.
In the formula: n is a radical of i The number of the nodes in the normal state of the network in the cascade failure process after the node failure; n is the number of nodes of the initial network; k 1 ∈[0,1]Effective node ratio K 1 The higher the resistance to network cascade failure.
(2) Network efficiency ratio
The network efficiency is an effective index for measuring the damage degree of the network after cascade failure, the reciprocal of the shortest distance between a node i and a node j in the network is the efficiency between two points, for the whole network, the average value of the efficiency between all node pairs is the network efficiency, and is represented by E, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, N is the number of nodes of the initial network; d ij Is the shortest distance between node i and node j.
The network efficiency ratio is the ratio of the network efficiency in the cascade failure process to the initial network efficiency, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: e i The network efficiency in the cascade failure process after the node failure; k 2 ∈[0,1]The larger the index value is, the stronger the cascade failure survivability of the network is indicated.
The network embodiment comprises the following steps:
the farmland wireless sensor network deploys nodes and networks according to the mode in the method embodiment, and realizes communication and data transmission according to the process and the principle in the method embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
Claims (10)
1. A farmland wireless sensor network communication method is characterized in that a wireless network comprises a collection node positioned in the center of a communication area and sensor nodes distributed around the collection node; forming a plurality of radially distributed non-overlapping annular zones around the collection node; the sensor nodes are distributed in each annular area, and the sensor nodes are deployed in each annular area according to the area proportion; when the wireless network is networked, a first communication channel is established between the sensor node in the innermost annular area and the collection node, and a first communication channel is established between the sensor node in the other annular areas and at least one sensor node in the adjacent inner annular area; each sensor node also establishes a second communication channel with at least one sensor node in the annular area where the sensor node is located; the sensor node in the non-innermost annular area and the sensor node closest to the sensor node in the adjacent inner annular area establish a first communication channel;
after data are collected or received by each sensor node, the data are transmitted through a first communication channel according to a first set probability, and the data are transmitted through a second channel according to a second set probability; if the data transmission of a certain communication channel fails, transmitting the data through another communication channel; the first set probability is greater than the second set probability.
2. The communication method of the farmland wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor nodes are arranged at set intervals in the annular region along the extension direction of the corresponding annular region.
3. The farmland wireless sensor network communication method as claimed in claim 2, wherein each sensor node establishes a second communication channel with a sensor node nearest to the left direction and a sensor node nearest to the right direction in the ring area in which the sensor node is located.
4. The communication method of the farmland wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the sensor node transmits data through the second communication channel, the sensor node preferentially transmits data to the sensor node closest to the second communication channel, or preferentially transmits data to the sensor node with the largest remaining energy on the second communication channel.
5. The farmland wireless sensor network communication method as claimed in claim 1,2, 3 or 4, wherein the number of the sensor nodes in each annular region is determined according to the area of the corresponding annular region.
6. The communication method of the farmland wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1,2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the initial load L of each sensor node is obtained when the network is networked ni Comprises the following steps:
wherein L is ni Represents the initial load, L, of the sensor node i of the nth layer n+1 Represents the n +1 thInitial load sum of all sensor nodes of layer, T n Representing the number of the nth layer of sensor nodes;
capacity C of each sensor node ni Comprises the following steps:
wherein, C ni The capacity of the sensor node i of the nth layer is represented, alpha represents a tolerance coefficient and alpha is more than or equal to 0.
7. The farmland wireless sensor network communication method as claimed in claim 6, wherein if the load of the sensor node exceeds the capacity of the sensor node, the sensor node is disabled; and after each round of communication is finished, networking the rest effective sensor nodes again.
8. A farmland wireless sensor network is characterized in that the wireless network comprises a collection node positioned in the center of a communication area and sensor nodes distributed around the collection node; forming a plurality of radially distributed non-overlapping annular zones around the collection node; the sensor nodes are distributed in each annular area, and the sensor nodes are deployed in each annular area according to the area proportion; when the wireless network is networked, the sensor nodes in the innermost annular area and the collection node establish a first communication channel, and the sensor nodes in other annular areas and at least one sensor node in the adjacent inner annular area establish a first communication channel; each sensor node also establishes a second communication channel with at least one sensor node in the annular area where the sensor node is located; the sensor node in the non-innermost annular area and the sensor node closest to the sensor node in the adjacent inner annular area establish a first communication channel;
after data are collected or received by each sensor node, the data are transmitted through a first communication channel according to a first set probability, and the data are transmitted through a second channel according to a second set probability; if the data transmission of a certain communication channel fails, transmitting the data through another communication channel; the first set probability is greater than the second set probability.
9. The wireless sensor network of claim 8, wherein each sensor node establishes a second communication channel with the sensor node closest to the left and the sensor node closest to the right in the ring area.
10. The wireless sensor network of claim 9, wherein when the sensor node transmits data through the second communication channel, the sensor node preferentially transmits data to the sensor node closest to the second communication channel, or preferentially transmits data to the sensor node with the highest energy remaining on the second communication channel.
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Application publication date: 20200616 Assignee: Luoyang Zhongchen Technology Equipment Co.,Ltd. Assignor: HENAN University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2022980028970 Denomination of invention: A Farmland Wireless Sensor Network and Communication Method Granted publication date: 20220805 License type: Common License Record date: 20230113 |