CN111270118A - Corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the magnesium alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 4-18 wt% of Y, 0.6-5 wt% of Al and the balance of Mg. By: (1) preparing Mg-Y intermediate alloy, aluminum ingots and magnesium ingots into magnesium alloy melt under a protective atmosphere; (2) stirring the magnesium alloy melt and then standing the magnesium alloy melt under the protective atmosphere, refining, degassing, removing slag, standing again and then preserving heat to obtain magnesium alloy liquid; (3) casting and molding the magnesium alloy liquid under the protective atmosphere to form a cast ingot; and finally obtaining the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy through the three steps. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, high mechanical property, low sensitivity to impurity iron element, simple preparation process and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnesium alloy, in particular to a corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Magnesium alloy is the most light metal in common metal materials, and has low density, high specific strength and rigidity, and high heat conducting and damping performanceGold has extremely wide application prospect. However, thermodynamically, magnesium is very active chemically and the electrode potential is very low (-2.38V)NHE) The magnesium anode material is easy to generate galvanic corrosion in practical use and generally used as an anode, meanwhile, the PBR (balling-Bedworth ratio) of magnesium is less than 1, and the oxide film layer is MgO or Mg (OH)2The lack of protection by the non-dense film layer which prevents further oxidation makes the magnesium alloy less corrosion resistant under service conditions, especially in humid environments.
The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys has become a bottleneck in their industrial application, and the following major approaches are currently used to alleviate this problem: the method comprises the steps of anodic oxidation treatment, chemical conversion film treatment and surface coating treatment, wherein the methods are all to form a layer of compact protective film on the surface of the magnesium alloy so as to prevent corrosion from going deep, and the use effect is good. However, these methods have two more serious drawbacks: firstly, the thickness of the surface coating is limited, the film cannot be self-repaired after being damaged, and once the film is damaged, the magnesium alloy is not corrosion-resistant, and then corrosion pits appear quickly; secondly, besides the cost consideration of various processes, waste liquid and film layers generated by various processes have great hidden dangers to the environment and human health, for example, chromate used in the surface coating technology has good corrosion prevention effect, but chromium ions in the chromate have strong toxicity and are strictly limited in use.
Therefore, it is important to provide an alloying method to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy and generate a protective oxide film layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy with good corrosion resistance, high mechanical property and low sensitivity to impurity iron elements and the preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following element components in percentage by mass: y4-18 wt.%, preferably 6-15 wt.%, Al 0.6-5 wt.%, preferably 0.8-3 wt.%, and the balance Mg. And some inevitable impurity elements are also included, and preferably, the content of the impurity element Fe is not more than 0.1 wt%, the content of the impurity element Cu is not more than 0.02 wt%, and the content of the impurity element Ni is not more than 0.003 wt%. More preferably, the impurity elements Fe do not exceed 0.02 wt%, Cu do not exceed 0.01 wt%, and Ni do not exceed 0.0005 wt%.
A method for preparing the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing Mg-Y intermediate alloy, aluminum ingots and magnesium ingots into magnesium alloy melt under a protective atmosphere;
(2) stirring the magnesium alloy melt and then standing the magnesium alloy melt under the protective atmosphere, refining, degassing, removing slag, standing again and then preserving heat to obtain magnesium alloy liquid;
(3) and casting and molding the magnesium alloy liquid under the protective atmosphere to form a cast ingot, and finally obtaining the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy.
Further, the specific steps for preparing the magnesium alloy melt are as follows: under the protective atmosphere, after melting a magnesium ingot with the purity of not less than 99.9 wt%, adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy and an aluminum ingot at high temperature, and after melting the Mg-Y intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot, obtaining a magnesium alloy melt.
Further, the protective gas is SF6And CO2Mixing gas, wherein the temperature when the Mg-Y master alloy and the aluminum ingot are added is 660-700 ℃. The quality of the Mg-Y intermediate alloy, the aluminum ingot and the magnesium ingot is characterized in that the raw materials of 4-18 wt% of Y, 0.6-5 wt% of pure aluminum and the balance of pure magnesium are proportioned according to the different components of the intermediate Mg-Y intermediate alloy, and the temperature when the Mg-Y intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot are added is 660-700 ℃.
Further, the magnesium alloy melt is prepared in a well-type resistance crucible furnace.
Further, the temperature of standing after stirring is 720-740 ℃, and the time is 20-60 min; the temperature for refining degassing and deslagging is 730-750 ℃; the temperature for heat preservation is 720-740 ℃, and the time is 20-60 min.
Further, the cast ingot is subjected to solution treatment to obtain the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy.
Further, the cast ingot is subjected to solid solution treatment and aging treatment to obtain the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy.
Furthermore, the solution treatment temperature is 500-580 ℃ for 4-48h, and the aging treatment temperature is 175-250 ℃ for 1-240 h.
The invention adds Y and Al with larger PBR value into magnesium alloy, and Y is obtained after oxidation2O3And Al2O3Can obviously enhance the compactness of an oxidation film and overcome the defect of loose and porous MgO, and Al2O3、Y2O3The magnesium alloy has good compatibility with MgO, and the effect of enhancing the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy is very obvious, so that the alloy obtains good corrosion resistance.
Meanwhile, the Mg-Y binary alloy is a eutectic system, the structure of the alloy is about 200 microns thick dendrites, and the addition of a small amount of Al can form Al in the alloy2The Y particles are used as nucleation particles to induce grain refinement, the grain size of the alloy with higher Y content can be reduced to 30-40 microns in a casting state, the grain refinement effect is comparable to that of a grain refiner Zr, and the refinement of the grains can enable the alloy to have more uniform potential distribution so as to weaken the galvanic corrosion effect of the alloy and improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
As shown in fig. 1, LPSO (long periodic Stacking ordered) phase distributed near the grain boundary in the alloy can play a role in cathodic protection so that a surface film layer exists stably, and the existence of LPSO phase greatly contributes to the mechanical properties of the alloy.
The main secondary phases in the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the method are a lath-shaped LPSO phase and Al2Y particles, which are difficult to change in various heat treatments, can be strengthened by various heat treatment means, and the corrosion resistance is not lost while the mechanical property is improved.
One very important problem in the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is that no more iron can be melted in, which results in that special dies are required for the smelting and processing process of magnesium, ordinary steel cannot be used, or a one-step iron removal process is specially added, and the process cost is quite high. The magnesium alloy has low requirement on the content of iron, can meet the requirement on corrosion resistance in a common processing mode, and greatly reduces the cost.
Specifically, the impurity removal requirement of Fe element is not high, the theoretical tolerance limit of Fe of the general magnesium alloy is 180ppm (0.18 wt%), while the content of Fe in the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the method can be higher than the theoretical tolerance limit, and can be higher than 500ppm (0.5 wt%) under the limit condition, and the method does not need special production equipment for industrial production, and the common equipment can meet the requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention adds Y and Al with larger PBR value into magnesium alloy, and Y is obtained after oxidation2O3And Al2O3Can obviously enhance the compactness of an oxidation film and overcome the defect of loose and porous MgO, and Al2O3、Y2O3The magnesium alloy has good compatibility with MgO, and the effect of enhancing the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy is very obvious, so that the alloy obtains good corrosion resistance. Soaking in 3.5 wt% NaCl water solution at room temperature for 336 hr, and its hydrogen evolution rate can be less than 0.1ml/cm-2·day-1The weight loss rate can be less than 0.14mg/cm-2·day-1；
(2) The LPSO phase distributed near the crystal boundary in the alloy has a cathode protection effect, so that a surface film layer exists stably, and the LPSO phase also contributes greatly to the mechanical property of the alloy, so that the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the invention has the advantages that the tensile strength can be more than 200MPa, the elongation can be more than 4%, and the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy has better mechanical property and stability;
(3) the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the invention has low sensitivity to Fe element which has great influence in the prior art, and can still keep good corrosion resistance under the Fe content of 500 ppm. Under the condition of higher Fe content, the hydrogen evolution rate of the steel plate can be less than 0.15ml/cm by soaking the steel plate in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for 336 hours at room temperature-2·day-1The weight loss rate can be less than 0.2mg/cm-2·day-1To rot of riceIn the analysis of the corrosion film layer, the film layer does not contain a great amount of iron to enrich and form corrosion pits, and the formed film layer has good protective effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure photograph of a corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared in examples 1 and 3;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the surface topography pictures of the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the invention before and after the salt spray experiment with other alloys.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the method for preparing the novel corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy comprises the following steps of:
(1) under the protective atmosphere, after melting a magnesium ingot with the purity of not less than 99.9 wt%, adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy and an aluminum ingot at the temperature of 660-700 ℃, and after melting the Mg-Y intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot, obtaining a magnesium alloy melt.
(2) Stirring the magnesium alloy melt at the temperature of 730-;
(3) and (3) casting and molding the magnesium alloy liquid in a protective atmosphere to obtain the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy Mg-10Y-0.8Al (F) shown in the figure 1 (b).
Through detection, the magnesium alloy obtained in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 10.4 wt% of Y, 0.82 wt% of Al, 0.018 wt% of impurity element Fe, 0.01 wt% of impurity element Cu, 0.002 wt% of impurity element Ni and the balance of magnesium.
Example 2:
the method for preparing the novel corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy comprises the following steps of:
(1) under the protective atmosphere, after melting a magnesium ingot with the purity of not less than 99.9 wt%, adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy and an aluminum ingot at the temperature of 660-700 ℃, and after melting the Mg-Y intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot, obtaining a magnesium alloy melt.
(2) Stirring the magnesium alloy melt at the temperature of 730-;
(3) under the protection atmosphere, the magnesium alloy liquid is cast and molded, and then solution treatment is carried out for about 8 hours at about 520 ℃, so as to obtain the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy, namely Mg-10Y-0.8Al (T4).
Through detection, the magnesium alloy obtained in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 10.4 wt% of Y, 0.82 wt% of Al, 0.018 wt% of impurity element Fe, 0.01 wt% of impurity element Cu, 0.002 wt% of impurity element Ni and the balance of magnesium.
Example 3:
the method for preparing the novel corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protective atmosphere, after melting a magnesium ingot with the purity of not less than 99.9 wt%, adding Mg-Y intermediate alloy and an aluminum ingot at the temperature of 660-700 ℃, and after melting the Mg-Y intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot, obtaining a magnesium alloy melt.
(2) Stirring the magnesium alloy melt at the temperature of 730-;
(3) and (3) casting and molding the magnesium alloy liquid under the protective atmosphere to obtain the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy Mg-8Y-0.7Al, as shown in figure 1 (a).
Through detection, the magnesium alloy obtained in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 8.2 wt% of Y, 0.7 wt% of Al, 0.04 wt% of impurity element Fe, 0.01 wt% of impurity element Cu, 0.002 wt% of impurity element Ni and the balance of magnesium.
And (3) performance testing:
1. hydrogen evolution weight loss test:
the magnesium alloy obtained in examples 1 to 3 was immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 336 hours, and subjected to hydrogen evolution and weight loss tests, the results of which are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the invention is soaked in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for 336 hours at room temperature, and the hydrogen evolution rate is less than 0.1ml/cm-2·day-1The weight loss rate is less than 0.14mg/cm-2·day-1。
As can be seen from Table 1, the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy in example 2, i.e., the T4 Mg-10Y-0.8Al alloy, has the best corrosion resistance and the hydrogen evolution rate of 0.06ml/cm-2·day-1The weight loss rate is less than 0.11mg/cm-2·day-1。
2. And (3) testing a potentiodynamic polarization curve:
the magnesium alloys obtained in examples 1-3 were subjected to potentiodynamic polarization curve testing using a PARSTAT 2273 electrochemical workstation in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, starting from 300mV below the open circuit potential and at a scan rate of 1 mV/s. Corrosion current density I of magnesium alloy obtained in each examplecorrAs shown in table 2, the results of,
TABLE 2
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Icorr(μA/cm2) | 6.2 | 5.4 | 6.9 |
As can be seen from Table 2, I of the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the invention in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution at room temperaturecorrAre in the same order of magnitude and are all less than 10 mu A/cm2。
Meanwhile, the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy Mg-10Y-0.8Al prepared in the example 2 has the best corrosion resistance, IcorrIs 5.4 muA/cm2。
The corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy prepared by the invention is compared with that of the magnesium alloy prepared by the prior art as shown in the table 3,
TABLE 3
| Film coating technology | Film coating environment | Sample (I) | Icorr(μA/cm2) |
| Method as described in example 2 | — | Example 2: Mg-10Y-0.8Al (T4) | 5.4 |
| Micro arc oxidation method[1] | 400V | AZ31B | 7.8 |
| Anodic electrolytic deposition process[2] | 1.0V | Mg-Zn-Ca | 6.0 |
| Cathodic electrodeposition method[3] | -1.6V | AZ91D | 9.8 |
The relevant contents of the micro-arc oxidation in the table are described in detail in the references: [1] C.L.Chua, X.Han, F.Xue, effective sealing treatment on correction resistance and degradation of microwave oven of micro-arc oxidized magnesium alloy wire, Applied Surface Science,271(2013)271-275.
The references are detailed in the table concerning anodic electrolytic deposition: [2] T.Lei, C.Ouyang, W.Tang, L.F.Li, L.S.Zhou, Preparation of MgO Coatings on magnesium alloys for correlation protection, Surface & Coatings Technology,204(2010) 3798-.
The relevant contents of cathodic electrodeposition are detailed in the tables in the references: [3] M.J.Wang, C.F.Li, S.K.Yen, Electrolytic MgO/ZrO2 duplex-layer coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy for correction resistance, corosion Science,76(2013) 142-.
As can be seen from table 3, the corrosion resistance of the ternary magnesium alloy prepared by the method of the present invention is not much different from that of the prior art, but the preparation method of the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, no environmental pollution and high popularization value.
3. Salt spray resistance test:
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the surface morphology of the Mg-Y-Al magnesium alloy prepared by the invention with that of other alloys (AZ91D, 6061 aluminum alloy and A350 aluminum alloy) before and after salt spray experiment, wherein the salt spray experiment condition is that an SH-90 type salt spray box continuously sprays for 336h, and the salt spray sedimentation amount is 2ml/(80 cm)2H), setting the temperature of the test box to be 35 ℃, setting the temperature of the saturator to be 47 ℃, setting the air inlet pressure to be 0.3MPa, and sprayingAir pressure 0.07MPa, salt spray component 5 wt% NaCl solution, and saline pH 7.
As can be seen from the figure, after two weeks of salt spray experiments, the magnesium alloy prepared by the invention has no obvious corrosion phenomenon, and other alloys have corrosion of different degrees, so that the magnesium alloy prepared by the invention has good salt spray resistant effect.
The corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy is very good, the corrosion resistance of all reported magnesium alloys at present is broken through, and the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy related to the invention can be comparable to that of the aluminum alloy with very good corrosion resistance.
It should be noted that the composition of the magnesium alloy of the present invention is not limited to the ranges disclosed in the above examples, as long as the alloy composition satisfies Y: 4-18 wt%, Al: 0.6 to 5 wt% (preferably, Y is contained in an amount of 6 to 15 wt%, Al is contained in an amount of 0.8 to 3 wt%), an inevitable impurity element Fe is contained in an amount of not more than 0.1 wt%, an impurity element Cu is contained in an amount of not more than 0.02 wt%, an impurity element Ni is contained in an amount of not more than 0.003 wt% (preferably, Fe is contained in an amount of not more than 0.02 wt%, Cu is not more than 0.01 wt%, and Ni is not more than 0.0005 wt%), all of which have excellent corrosion resistance.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following element components in percentage by mass: 4-18 wt% of Y, 0.6-5 wt% of Al and the balance of Mg.
2. A method of making a corrosion resistant ternary magnesium alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing Mg-Y intermediate alloy, aluminum ingots and magnesium ingots into magnesium alloy melt under a protective atmosphere;
(2) stirring the magnesium alloy melt and then standing the magnesium alloy melt under the protective atmosphere, refining, degassing, removing slag, standing again and then preserving heat to obtain magnesium alloy liquid;
(3) and casting and molding the magnesium alloy liquid under the protective atmosphere to form a cast ingot, and finally obtaining the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy.
3. The preparation method of the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the magnesium alloy melt is prepared by the following specific steps: and melting the magnesium ingot in a protective atmosphere, adding the Mg-Y intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot at a high temperature, and melting the Mg-Y intermediate alloy and the aluminum ingot to obtain a magnesium alloy melt.
4. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the protective gas is SF6And CO2Mixing gas, wherein the temperature when the Mg-Y master alloy and the aluminum ingot are added is 660-700 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy as recited in claim 2, wherein the temperature of standing after stirring is 720-740 ℃ for 20-60 min; the temperature for refining degassing and deslagging is 730-750 ℃; the temperature for heat preservation is 720-740 ℃, and the time is 20-60 min.
6. The method for preparing the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy is obtained by performing solution treatment on the cast ingot.
7. The preparation method of the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the corrosion-resistant ternary magnesium alloy is obtained by carrying out solution treatment and aging treatment on the cast ingot.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 500-580 ℃ for 4-48h, and the aging treatment temperature is 175-250 ℃ for 1-240 h.
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