CN111252762B - Production process and production system for preparing activated carbon by using plasma technology - Google Patents
Production process and production system for preparing activated carbon by using plasma technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111252762B CN111252762B CN202010242081.1A CN202010242081A CN111252762B CN 111252762 B CN111252762 B CN 111252762B CN 202010242081 A CN202010242081 A CN 202010242081A CN 111252762 B CN111252762 B CN 111252762B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/39—Apparatus for the preparation thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process and a production system for preparing activated carbon by using a plasma technology, and relates to the technical field of activated carbon production. The system comprises a raw material bin, a wet material bin, a dryer, a dry material bin, a plasma torch combustion furnace, a drum-type nitrogen cooler and an activated carbon activating machine which are sequentially arranged, wherein production and living waste materials such as camellia oleifera shell scraps, saw dust, bamboo scraps, palm shell scraps and the like are utilized, a PID control system is used for controlling transportation of a discharge port, a scraper conveyor, a screen shaker, a hoister and the like, and a series of process control such as screening, drying, sorting, quantitative control of the material bin, high-temperature plasma torch combustion and the like are performed, and finally the process is converted into a control process of activated carbon; the quality of the activated carbon depends on the burning time and intensity of the plasma torch, and in the actual production process, the process staff can decide according to the customer requirements, the optimal production efficiency and other factors, but the process can produce the activated carbon with different quality requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon production, and particularly relates to a production process and a production system for preparing activated carbon by using a plasma technology.
Background
Activated carbon is a specially treated carbon, which is produced by heating organic raw materials (fruit shells, coal, wood, etc.) in the absence of air to reduce non-carbon components, then reacting with gas, and eroding the surface to produce a microporous structure. Since the activation process is a microscopic process, i.e., the surface attack of a large number of molecular carbides is punctiform, numerous fine pores are formed on the surface of the activated carbon.
The active carbon is structurally characterized in that microcrystalline carbon is irregularly arranged, pores are formed between cross connection, and carbon tissue defects can be generated during activation, so that the active carbon is porous carbon, has low bulk density and large specific surface area, and is also a main material for a filter. The existing activated carbon has the problems of complex preparation process, high raw material consumption and actual production.
A production process and a production system for preparing active carbon by using a plasma technology are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process and a production system for preparing active carbon by using a plasma technology, which convert production domestic waste materials such as camellia oleifera shell scraps, saw dust, bamboo scraps, palm shell scraps and the like into active carbon through a series of process control such as screening, drying, sorting, quantitative control of a storage bin, combustion by a high-temperature plasma torch and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a production process and a production system for preparing active carbon by using a plasma technology, wherein the production process comprises the following steps:
step SS01: putting the oil tea fruit shell scraps, saw dust, bamboo scraps and palm shell scraps into a raw material bin by using a forklift or a forklift;
step SS02: the raw materials are controlled to enter a wet storage bin from a raw material bin through a PID control system, and a discharge port, a scraper conveyor, a screen shaker and a lifter are controlled to enter a wet storage bin;
step SS03: raw materials enter a dryer from a wet bin through a spiral feeder, and the conveying power of the raw materials is the suction force of an air conveying system and the rotating force of the dryer, and the raw materials enter a dry bin through a scraper conveyor and a rotary valve after being dried to a preset water content; the discharging of the wet storage bin is kept stable, so that the condition that the fluctuation of the water content is too large and even fire is caused due to too large feeding change is avoided;
step SS04: the raw materials are quantitatively discharged from a dry bin through a PID control system and enter a plasma torch combustion furnace through a rotary spiral feeder, and are discharged after entering a drum-type nitrogen cooler and an activated carbon activating machine after being subjected to physical-chemical reaction to form usable activated carbon.
Further, the method for controlling the discharge amount of the screen shaker by the PID control system in the step SS02 comprises the following steps: the discharging speed is adjusted by detecting the working current of the screen shaker, and then the discharging amount is adjusted.
Further, in step SS04, raw materials enter the plasma torch combustion furnace through three parts in sequence:
a first part: the temperature of the part between the high-temperature gas locking machine and the plasma torch combustion furnace is kept at 800-1500 ℃;
a second part: a plasma torch combustion furnace part is provided with a plasma torch with 6 to 9 carriers of oxygen, and the temperature is kept between 1800 and 3000 ℃;
third section: the temperature of the part from the plasma torch combustion furnace to the discharge gas locking machine is kept at 600-1200 ℃.
Further, the system comprises a raw material bin, a wet material bin, a dryer, a dry material bin, a plasma torch combustion furnace, a drum-type nitrogen cooler and an activated carbon activating machine which are sequentially arranged; a scraper conveyer is arranged below the raw material bin, a screen shaker is arranged at the tail end of the scraper conveyer, and raw materials screened by the screen shaker are conveyed to a lifting machine through the scraper conveyer and conveyed to a wet material bin through the lifting machine; the wet bin is connected with the dryer through a pipeline, a scraper conveyer is arranged between the dryer and the dry bin, a rotary valve is arranged between the scraper conveyer and an inlet of the dry bin, one outlet of the rotary valve is communicated with the dry bin, and the other outlet of the rotary valve is communicated with the waste bin; a high-temperature air locking machine is arranged between the dry material bin and the plasma torch combustion furnace; the dryer is connected with the cyclone separator group through a fan and a corresponding pipeline, and the cyclone separator group is connected with a water curtain/electrostatic precipitator; the dryer adopts a nitrogen-sealed single-channel dryer, the water content of the dryer is controlled to be 1% -2%, and the other spiral inlet of the dryer is used for placing the used active carbon.
Further, a drying mixing chamber of the dryer provides a heat source by using a drying mixed type synthetic gas/natural gas burner, and lignin synthetic gas in the plasma torch combustion furnace is extracted to the drying mixed type synthetic gas/natural gas burner through a collecting fan to be used as fuel.
Further, the floaters in the dryer are collected to the cyclone separator group through a fan for filtering, wherein the nitrogen part is recycled and used in the drum-type nitrogen cooler, dust or residues are discharged through the scraper conveyor, and the rest is recycled to the drying mixing chamber for fuel after being filtered through the water curtain/electrostatic precipitator.
Further, a fire alarm point is arranged at the inlet rotary valve of the dry material bin, and if an alarm occurs, the PID control system automatically controls the material to be reversely discharged to the waste material bin, so that the safety of the dry material bin is ensured.
Further, an inlet rotary valve of the plasma torch combustion furnace adopts a high-temperature air lock, and a shaft and a bearing of the high-temperature air lock are cooled and sealed by nitrogen.
Further, the drum-type nitrogen cooler supplements nitrogen for the nitrogen tank through a nitrogen generator and maintains the nitrogen content of 99%; and water/steam and nitrogen containing water vapor are supplemented between the drum-type nitrogen cooler and the discharging air locking machine, and enter the drum-type nitrogen cooler/activated carbon activating machine, wherein the water vapor is filtered after water mist/wet electrostatic dust removal.
Further, the plasma torch combustion furnace, the high-temperature air locking machine, the drum-type nitrogen cooler and the activated carbon activating machine are cooled and sealed through the fan, and nitrogen is used for sealing the drying mixing chamber through the fan after carbon powder is cooled.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the production and living waste materials such as oil tea fruit shell scraps, saw dust, bamboo scraps, palm shell scraps and the like, and the production and living waste materials are subjected to a series of process control such as screening, drying, sorting, quantitative control of a storage bin, combustion of a high-temperature plasma torch and the like through transportation modes such as scraping plates, lifting machines, pneumatic conveying and the like, and finally are converted into a control process of active carbon, wherein the quality of the active carbon depends on the combustion time and strength of the plasma torch, and in the actual production process, a craftsman can decide according to factors such as customer requirements, optimal production efficiency and the like, but the process can produce the active carbon with different quality requirements.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a production system associated with a process flow for producing activated carbon using plasma technology in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure at B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure at C in FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure at D in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "out," "up," "down," "in," "into," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the invention discloses a production process and a production system for preparing activated carbon by using a plasma technology, wherein the production process comprises the following steps:
step SS01: the oil tea fruit shell scraps, saw dust, bamboo scraps and palm shell scraps are put into the raw material bin 1 by using a forklift or a forklift, and the whole production process has the effects that the oil tea fruit shell scraps, saw dust, bamboo scraps, palm shell scraps and other production and living wastes are used for manufacturing the activated carbon, so that the waste utilization is realized;
step SS02: the method for controlling the discharge amount of the screen shaker 3 by the PID control system comprises the following steps of: the discharge speed and thus the discharge amount are regulated by detecting the working current of the screen shaker 3, the throughput of the screen shaker 3 is generally changed by changing the screen after the equipment is selected;
step SS03: raw materials enter a dryer 9 from a wet storage bin 5 through a spiral feeder, the conveying power of the raw materials is the suction force of an air conveying system and the rotating force of the dryer 9, and the raw materials enter a dry storage bin 11 through a scraper conveyor 2 and a rotary valve after being dried to a preset water content; the discharging of the wet bin 5 is kept stable, the condition that the fluctuation of water content is too large and even fire is caused due to too large change of feeding is avoided, a drying mixing chamber of the dryer 9 uses a drying mixed type synthetic gas/natural gas burner to provide a heat source, part of fuel of the drying mixed type synthetic gas/natural gas burner is recovered in a plasma torch combustion furnace 12, specifically, lignin synthesis gas in the plasma torch combustion furnace 12 is extracted to the drying mixed type synthetic gas/natural gas burner through a collecting fan to serve as fuel, a fire alarm point is arranged at an inlet rotary valve of the dry bin 11, and if an alarm occurs, a PID control system automatically controls the material to be reversely discharged to a waste bin 10, so that the safety of the dry bin 11 is ensured;
step SS04: the raw materials are quantitatively discharged from a dry storage bin 11 through a PID control system and enter a plasma torch combustion furnace 12 through a rotary spiral feeder, and are discharged after entering a drum-type nitrogen cooler 13 and an activated carbon activating machine 14 after being subjected to physical-chemical reaction to form usable activated carbon.
The system comprises a raw material bin 1, a wet material bin 5, a dryer 9, a dry material bin 11, a plasma torch combustion furnace 12, a drum-type nitrogen cooler 13 and an activated carbon activating machine 14 which are sequentially arranged; wherein, a scraper conveyer 2 is arranged below the raw material bin 1, a screen shaker 3 is arranged at the tail end of the scraper conveyer 2, and raw materials screened by the screen shaker 3 are conveyed to a lifter 4 by the scraper conveyer 2 and conveyed to a wet material bin 5 by the lifter 4; the wet bin 5 is connected with the dryer 9 through a pipeline, a scraper conveyor 2 is arranged between the dryer 9 and the dry bin 11, a rotary valve is arranged between the scraper conveyor 2 and the inlet of the dry bin 11, one outlet of the rotary valve is communicated with the dry bin 11, and the other outlet is communicated with the waste bin 10; a high-temperature air lock is arranged between the dry storage bin 11 and the plasma torch combustion furnace 12; the dryer 9 is connected with the cyclone separator group 6 through a fan and a corresponding pipeline, and the cyclone separator group 6 is connected with a water curtain/electrostatic precipitator 7; the dryer 9 adopts a nitrogen-sealed single-channel dryer 9, the water content of the dryer 9 is controlled between 1% -2%, the other spiral inlet 8 of the dryer 9 is used for placing used active carbon, raw materials are saved, waste regeneration is carried out, the entering, quantity and proportion size are paid attention to, floaters in the dryer 9 are collected to the cyclone separator group 6 through a fan for filtering, wherein part of nitrogen is recycled and used in a drum-type nitrogen cooler, dust or residue is discharged through the scraper conveyor 2, the rest part of the dust or residue is filtered through the water curtain/electrostatic precipitator 7 and then recycled to a drying mixing chamber for being used as fuel, an inlet rotary valve of the plasma torch combustion furnace 12 adopts a high-temperature air locking machine, and a shaft and a bearing of the high-temperature air locking machine are cooled and sealed by nitrogen.
Wherein, the raw materials enter the plasma torch combustion furnace 12 in step SS04 and sequentially pass through three parts:
first section S1: the temperature is kept at 800-1500 ℃ in the part between the high-temperature gas locking machine and the plasma torch combustion furnace 12;
second section S2: the part of the plasma torch combustion furnace 12 is provided with 6-9 plasma torches with oxygen as a carrier, the temperature is kept at 1800-3000 ℃, the flame size is regulated by controlling the amount of oxygen, the number of the opened plasma torches is determined according to the amount of raw materials entering the plasma torch combustion furnace 12, the parameters can be set on an upper computer, and the system can automatically regulate the opening number and the oxygen inlet amount according to the setting;
third section S3: the temperature of the part between the plasma torch combustion furnace 12 and the discharge gas locking machine is kept between 600 ℃ and 1200 ℃.
The drum-type nitrogen cooler supplements nitrogen for the nitrogen tank through a nitrogen generator and maintains the nitrogen content of 99%, and the nitrogen generator belongs to outsourcing products, but meets the requirement of 40 cubes of the nitrogen tank; and water/steam and nitrogen containing water vapor are supplemented between the drum-type nitrogen cooler and the discharging air locking machine, and enter the drum-type nitrogen cooler/activated carbon activating machine, wherein the water vapor is filtered after water mist/wet electrostatic dust removal.
The plasma torch combustion furnace 12, the high-temperature air locking machine, the drum-type nitrogen cooler and the activated carbon activating machine are cooled and sealed through the fan, and nitrogen with a certain temperature is used for sealing the drying mixing chamber through the fan after cooling carbon powder.
The whole production process of the invention has the functions of utilizing oil tea fruit shell scraps, saw dust, bamboo scraps, palm shell scraps and other production and living wastes, carrying out a series of process control such as screening, drying, sorting, bin quantitative control, high-temperature plasma torch combustion and the like by using transportation modes such as scraping plates, lifting machines, pneumatic conveying and the like, and finally converting the process into a control process of active carbon, wherein the quality of the active carbon depends on the combustion time and strength of the plasma torch, and in the actual production process, the process staff can decide according to factors such as customer requirements, optimal production efficiency and the like, but the process can produce the active carbon with different quality requirements.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The production system for preparing the activated carbon by using the plasma technology is characterized by comprising a raw material bin (1), a wet material bin (5), a dryer (9), a dry material bin (11), a plasma torch combustion furnace (12), a drum-type nitrogen cooler (13) and an activated carbon activating machine (14) which are sequentially arranged;
a scraper conveyer (2) is arranged below the raw material bin (1), a screen shaking machine (3) is arranged at the tail end of the scraper conveyer (2), and raw materials screened by the screen shaking machine (3) are conveyed to a lifting machine (4) through the scraper conveyer (2) and conveyed to a wet material bin (5) through the lifting machine (4);
the wet bin (5) is connected with the dryer (9) through a pipeline, a scraper conveyor (2) is arranged between the dryer (9) and the dry bin (11), a rotary valve is arranged between the scraper conveyor (2) and the inlet of the dry bin (11), one outlet of the rotary valve is communicated with the dry bin (11), and the other outlet of the rotary valve is communicated with the waste bin (10);
a high-temperature air lock is arranged between the dry material bin (11) and the plasma torch combustion furnace (12);
the dryer (9) is connected with the cyclone separator group (6) through a fan and a corresponding pipeline, and the cyclone separator group (6) is connected with a water curtain/electrostatic precipitator (7);
the dryer (9) adopts a nitrogen-sealed single-channel dryer (9), the water content of the dryer (9) is controlled to be 1% -2%, and the other spiral inlet (8) of the dryer (9) is used for placing the used active carbon.
2. A production system for activated carbon production using plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying mixing chamber of the dryer (9) uses a dry mixed syngas/natural gas burner to provide a heat source, and the lignin synthesis gas in the plasma torch burner (12) is extracted by a collecting fan to the dry mixed syngas/natural gas burner as fuel.
3. The production system for preparing the activated carbon by using the plasma technology according to claim 1, wherein the floaters in the dryer (9) are collected to the cyclone separator group (6) for filtering by a fan, wherein part of nitrogen is recycled and used in a drum-type nitrogen cooler, part of dust or residues is discharged by the scraper conveyor (2), and the rest part is recycled to the drying mixing chamber for fuel after being filtered by the water curtain/electrostatic precipitator (7).
4. The production system for preparing the activated carbon by using the plasma technology according to claim 1, wherein a fire alarm point is arranged at an inlet rotary valve of the dry material bin (11), and if an alarm occurs, the PID control system automatically controls the material to be reversely discharged to the waste material bin (10).
5. A production system for activated carbon by plasma technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet rotary valve of the plasma torch burner (12) is a high temperature gas lock, the shaft and bearings of which are cooled and sealed with nitrogen.
6. A production system for preparing activated carbon by using plasma technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the drum-type nitrogen cooler supplements nitrogen for the nitrogen tank through a nitrogen generator and maintains the nitrogen content of 99%;
and water/steam and nitrogen containing water vapor are supplemented between the drum-type nitrogen cooler and the discharging air locking machine, and enter the drum-type nitrogen cooler/activated carbon activating machine, wherein the water vapor is filtered after water mist/wet electrostatic dust removal.
7. A production system for preparing activated carbon by using plasma technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the plasma torch combustion furnace (12), the high-temperature air locking machine, the drum-type nitrogen cooler and the activated carbon activating machine are cooled and sealed through a fan, and nitrogen is used for sealing a drying mixing chamber through the fan after carbon powder is cooled.
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| US20060185246A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-24 | Phoenix Solutions Co. | Integrated whole bale feed plasma pyrolysis gasification of lignocellulosic feed stock |
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| US4886001A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1989-12-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for plasma pyrolysis of liquid waste |
| DE102009005039A1 (en) * | 2009-01-17 | 2010-07-22 | Heinzelmann, Hermann | Plasma-assisted production of water gas and activated carbon from wood using microwaves |
| CN105060293A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing tobacco activated carbon based on low temperature plasma modification |
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