CN111221135B - System and method for beam polarization smoothing - Google Patents
System and method for beam polarization smoothing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111221135B CN111221135B CN202010198674.2A CN202010198674A CN111221135B CN 111221135 B CN111221135 B CN 111221135B CN 202010198674 A CN202010198674 A CN 202010198674A CN 111221135 B CN111221135 B CN 111221135B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COQOFRFYIDPFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].[Gd] Chemical compound [K].[Gd] COQOFRFYIDPFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of laser polarization smoothing, and discloses a system for beam polarization smoothing, which comprises: the continuous phase plate, the focusing lens and the biaxial crystal are sequentially arranged along the incidence direction of the light beam. The light beams after being evenly smoothed by the continuous phase plates are spatially separated in the focusing plane into focal spots with different polarization states, and then biaxial crystals with special angles are introduced to realize polarization regulation and control, so that incoherent superposition is realized, the contrast ratio of focal spot distribution can be further reduced, and the effect of evenly smoothing the light beams is realized. The application also discloses a method for smoothing the polarization of the light beam.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser polarization smoothing, in particular to a system and a method for light beam polarization smoothing.
Background
In laser driven inertial confinement fusion (inertial confinement fusion, ICF) systems, uniform irradiation of the target surface is a critical issue. Target surface non-uniformity of the laser drive source can affect rayleigh-taylor instability and plasma instability when the laser interacts with the plasma during ICF. During compression of the target pellet, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability can cause the target pellet to collapse in advance due to asymmetric compression; laser plasma instability can affect the compression versus implosion symmetry. Therefore, improving uniform irradiation of the beam is a necessary condition for improving the coupling efficiency of the beam target.
NIF experiments prove that polarization smoothing (Polarization smoothing, PS) can significantly reduce the generation of stimulated brillouin scattering (stimulated Brillouin scattering, SBS) and stimulated raman scattering (stimulated raman scattering, SRS) at the laser overlap. PS has become an integral technology for ICF devices. The polarization smoothing schemes that have been proposed so far mainly include a birefringent wedge (Birefringence wedge, BW) scheme and a polarization control plate (Polarization control panel, PCP) scheme. In the BW scheme, the birefringent crystal with wedge angle is used for separating o light and e light at a certain distance on a focusing plane, so that far-field speckles of the o light and the e light are uncorrelated and overlapped. The PCP scheme directly uses a polarization control plate to modulate the polarization state spatial distribution of the irradiated light, so that the coherence of the light beam is reduced.
In the process of implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is found that at least the following problems exist in the related art: the BW scheme needs to realize a wedge angle through laser processing, is influenced by processing precision and has the difficult problem of material cutting; the PCP scheme adopts a splicing mode, the device is complex, and the splicing precision can also influence the focusing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview, and is intended to neither identify key/critical elements nor delineate the scope of such embodiments, but is intended as a prelude to the more detailed description that follows.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and method for beam polarization smoothing that overcomes, to some extent, the deficiencies in BW and PCP schemes.
In some embodiments, a system for beam polarization smoothing, comprises: the continuous phase plate, the focusing lens and the biaxial crystal are sequentially arranged along the incidence direction of the light beam.
In some embodiments, a method for beam polarization smoothing, comprises: the light beam passes through the continuous phase plate, the focusing lens and the biaxial crystal in this order.
The system and the method for light beam polarization smoothing provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can realize the following technical effects:
the light beams after being smoothed by the continuous phase plates (continuous phase plate, CPP) are led into biaxial crystals with special angles to realize polarization regulation and control, meanwhile, the spatial separation of focal spots with different polarization states is realized on a focusing plane, incoherent superposition is realized, the contrast ratio of focal spot distribution can be further reduced, and the smooth effect of the light beams is realized.
The foregoing general description and the following description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for beam polarization smoothing provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light spot obtained after different treatments according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a plot of focal spot distribution versus CPP and CR in sequence, as provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing FOPAI curves obtained through CPP and CR in sequence provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing CPP provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure with PSD curves obtained via CPP and CR in sequence;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another system for beam polarization smoothing provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a beam polarization smoothing effect provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a graph of another beam polarization smoothing effect provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of another beam polarization smoothing effect provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the principal refractive index axis and the crystal axis of a KGW crystal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the direction of the crystal wave normal optical axis provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of crystal cutting direction and dimensions provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the features and techniques of the disclosed embodiments can be understood in more detail, a more particular description of the embodiments of the disclosure, briefly summarized below, may be had by reference to the appended drawings, which are not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of the disclosure. In the following description of the technology, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may still be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices may be shown simplified in order to simplify the drawing.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the embodiments of the disclosure and in the above-described figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate in order to describe embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
For ease of understanding, concepts referred to in this application are described below.
Potassium gadolinium tungstate (KGd (WO) 4 ) 2 KGW) laser crystal, which is a novel laser material developed on calcium tungstate crystal.
As shown in connection with fig. 1, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a system for beam polarization smoothing, comprising: the device comprises a continuous phase plate 11 for realizing target focal spot contour and uniform intensity distribution, a biaxial crystal 13 for realizing polarization separation and a focusing lens 12, wherein the continuous phase plate 11, the focusing lens 12 and the biaxial Crystal (CR) 13 are sequentially arranged along the incidence direction of a light beam. CPP realizes target focal spot profile and intensity distribution, CR realizes polarization separation, divides the light beam into two mutually perpendicular light beams, and two light beams have different directivities, and two light beams realize spatial separation in focus plane department after lens focus.
In some embodiments, the incident beam may be a super-Gaussian beam, a Gaussian beam, or the like.
The focused speckle can be further separated in space according to different polarization states by CR through the CPP smooth light beam, so as to realize incoherent superposition. Thereby reducing the contrast of the focal spot and improving the smooth effect. As shown in FIG. 2, a Gaussian spot formed after focusing a Gaussian beam that has not been CPP smoothed is shown at 21. The light beam after passing through the wedge plate is divided into o light and e light, has different directions, and is separated into two light spots at the focal plane position after focusing, wherein the two light spots have different polarization states as shown in 22. The CR-after beam is focused and then spread into a ring at the focal plane position, and the polarization states at different positions on the ring are different as shown in 23. After passing through the wedge plate, the beam passes through CR, which causes the two vertically polarized beams to have different orientations, which are spatially separated, and for each polarization there is a plurality of orientations, resulting in a spot that spreads into two semicircular rings in space, as shown at 24.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing focal spot distribution obtained through CPP and CR in sequence, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Wherein 31 is the focal spot distribution of the far field beam passing through the CPP, and the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the focal spot intensity distribution flat top is 74.9%;32 is the focal spot distribution of the far field beam passing through the CPP, the biaxial crystal in order, the focal spot intensity distribution RMS is 55.2%, and the units of the horizontal and vertical coordinates are micrometers.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing the ratio (Fraction power above intensity, FOPAI) of the laser energy and the total energy of the focal spot contained in the two-dimensional discrete focal spot distribution obtained by CPP and sequentially CPP and CR according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, which is greater than a certain threshold light intensity. There is a significant drop in the FOPAI curves in the figures.
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing CPP provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure with power spectral density (Power spectral density, PSD) curves obtained by CPP and CR in sequence. The PSD in the figure is reduced in the full spatial frequency domain.
Based on the analysis of the comparison result, the CR of a special angle is introduced into the light beam after CPP smoothing to realize polarization regulation, and meanwhile, the spatial separation of focal spots with different polarization states is realized on a focusing plane, so that incoherent superposition is realized, the contrast of focal spot distribution can be further reduced, and the smooth effect of the light beam is realized.
As shown in fig. 6, in some embodiments, the biaxial crystal is a tandem biaxial crystal 63 made up of several individual crystals; total length l= Σlof cascaded biaxial crystal 63 i Wherein l is i Is the length of a single crystal.
In some embodiments, the crystal axes of the tandem biaxial crystal sets are parallel to each other. The crystal optical axes are mutually parallel, so that an incident light beam is divided into two vertical polarization states, and meanwhile, different phases are provided, and the space separation in a far field can be realized after focusing by a lens. Wherein the two perpendicular polarization states are spatially separated by Deltax f Near/2, i.e. the diverging circular radius R 0 ≈Δx f /2。
In some embodiments, the incident end face of the biaxial crystal is perpendicular to the optical axis direction.
In some embodiments, the biaxial crystal is a KGW crystal.
In some embodiments, the first principal refractive index n of the KGW crystal g =2.086, second principal refractive index n m =2.013, third principal refractive index n p ＝2.045。
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for beam polarization smoothing, comprising: the light beam passes through the continuous phase plate, the focusing lens and the biaxial crystal in this order.
In some embodiments, after the beam sequentially passes through the continuous phase plate, the focusing lens, and the biaxial crystal, the resulting diffused circular radius R 0 L/f, where L is the length of the biaxial crystal, f is the focal length of the focusing lens, a is the corresponding cone angle in the cone refraction process,
in some embodiments, the beam is focused by the CPP and then the beam is focused by the CPP to form a spot-to-spot space
Δx f ＝2.44*λf/D
Where λ is the wavelength of the incident light source, f is the focal length of the focusing lens, and D is the aperture of the incident light beam.
In some embodiments, polarization smoothing of the light beam is adjusted by adjusting the crystal length in the tandem biaxial crystal set and the angle between the biaxial crystals.
In some embodiments, the incident beam is set to a circularly polarized 11 th order super Gaussian beam, with wavelength λ=351 nm, beam waist radius ω 0 The number of crystals in the cascade biaxial crystal group is 2, the vector included angle between crystals is alpha=0, and the focal length f is selected c Focusing lens of =0.5m. As shown in fig. 7, when the included angle between crts in the tandem biaxial crystal group is 0 °, the total length of the incident beam passing through the CPP tandem biaxial crystal group has little effect on the incident beam RMS, and after the incident beam passes through CPP and CR, the incident beam RMS decreases and then increases with the increase of the total length of the crystals in the tandem biaxial crystal group. As shown in fig. 8, when the included angle between crts in the tandem biaxial crystal group is 90 °, the incident beam passes through the CPP, and the total length of crystals in the tandem biaxial crystal group has little effect on the incident beam RMS, and after the incident beam passes through the CPP and CR, the incident beam RMS first decreases and then increases with the increase of the total length of crystals in the tandem biaxial crystal group. Cascaded biaxial crystalsUnder the condition that the included angle between CR in the group is 180 degrees, the total length of crystals in the cascade biaxial crystal group has no influence on the smooth effect.
In some embodiments, the incident beam is set to a circularly polarized 11 th order super Gaussian beam, with wavelength λ=351 nm, beam waist radius ω 0 The number of crystals in the cascade biaxial crystal group is 2, the biaxial crystal length is 3.42mm, and the focal length f is selected c A focusing lens of =0.5m, and the vector angle between crystals is α. As shown in fig. 9, the aforementioned incident beam passes through the CPP, and the vector included angle α between the crystals in the tandem biaxial crystal group has little effect on the incident beam RMS; after the incident light beam passes through CPP and CR, the incident light beam RMS firstly descends and then ascends along with the increase of the vector included angle alpha between crystals in the cascade biaxial crystal group.
In some embodiments, cutting the KGW crystal into crystals with an incident end face perpendicular to the optical axis direction comprises: determining the refractive index main axis direction of the KGW crystal; determining the direction of a KGW crystal wave normal optical axis; the KGW crystal cutting direction and size were determined.
In some embodiments, the principal refractive index axis direction of the KGW crystal is determined. As shown in fig. 10, the b-axis is perpendicular to the (010) face (the b-axis is perpendicular to the paper face, outward in fig. 10), and the refractive index principal axis n p The axes coincide, the a-axis, the c-axis and the n-axis g Axes, n m The axis lies in the (010) plane. n is n g The angle between the axis and the c-axis=20.0°, and the angle between the a-axis and the c-axis β= 94.43 °. Wherein the principal refractive index of the crystal is n g ,n p ,n m The crystal axes are a, b and c axes.
In some embodiments, the direction of the optical axis of the normal of the KGW crystal wave is determined. The direction of the KGW crystal wave normal optical axis is as follows: at n g ,n p In plane, at n g Axes and n p Between the shafts, with n g The axle clamp 42.61 degrees as shown in fig. 11.
In some embodiments, the KGW crystal cutting direction and size are determined. As shown in FIG. 12, KGW crystal size D CR *D CR * L, wherein one of D CR * The side of L being parallel to n p -n g The plane, designated as the a-plane, is also located within the b-axis.n g With another D CR * L side (B side) is clamped 42.61 DEG, n m D in axis and B plane CR The short sides are parallel. Marking on the A surface and the B surface. The cutting error is controlled within 0.1 degree.
The foregoing detailed description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the details shown and described.
Claims (8)
1. A method for beam polarization smoothing, comprising: :
the light beam sequentially passes through a continuous phase plate, a focusing lens and a biaxial crystal of a system for light beam polarization smoothing;
the system for beam polarization smoothing comprises: the continuous phase plate, the focusing lens and the biaxial crystal are sequentially arranged along the incidence direction of the light beam, wherein the light beam sequentially passes through the continuous phase plate, the focusing lens and the biaxial crystal to obtain the diffused circular ring radius R 0 L/f, where L is the length of the biaxial crystal and f is the focal length of the focusing lens;wherein n is g A first principal refractive index of KGW crystal, n m Second principal refractive index of KGW crystal, n p The third principal refractive index of the KGW crystal.
2. The method for polarization smoothing of light beam as recited in claim 1, wherein,
the biaxial crystal is a cascade biaxial crystal group consisting of a plurality of single crystals;
the total length of the cascaded biaxial crystal set l= Σl i Wherein l is i Is the length of a single crystal.
3. The method for polarization smoothing of light beams according to claim 2, wherein the crystal optical axes of each of said tandem biaxial crystal sets are parallel to each other.
4. The method for polarization smoothing of light beam according to claim 1, wherein the incident end face of the biaxial crystal is perpendicular to the optical axis direction.
5. The method for polarization smoothing of light beams according to claim 1, wherein said biaxial crystal is a KGW crystal.
6. The method for polarization beam smoothing of claim 5, wherein the first principal refractive index n of the KGW crystal g =2.086, second principal refractive index n m =2.013, third principal refractive index n p ＝2.045。
7. The method for polarization smoothing of light beams according to claim 1, wherein said biaxial crystal is a cascade biaxial crystal group composed of several individual crystals.
8. The method for polarization smoothing of a light beam of claim 7, wherein the polarization smoothing of the light beam is adjusted by adjusting an angle between a crystal length and a biaxial crystal in the tandem biaxial crystal set.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205139479U (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-04-06 | 四川大学 | Based on even smooth device of light kerr effect's radial light beam in inertial confinement fusion device |
| CN109581682A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 四川大学 | Based on the quick beam smoothing method of light beam dynamic interference pattern in inertially confinement fusion device |
| CN211426954U (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-09-04 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | System for uniform and smooth polarization of light beam |
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| JPH10186135A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-14 | Sony Corp | Polarizing element and optical pickup using the same |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205139479U (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-04-06 | 四川大学 | Based on even smooth device of light kerr effect's radial light beam in inertial confinement fusion device |
| CN109581682A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 四川大学 | Based on the quick beam smoothing method of light beam dynamic interference pattern in inertially confinement fusion device |
| CN211426954U (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-09-04 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | System for uniform and smooth polarization of light beam |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| Research of beam conditioning technologies using continuous phase plate，Multi-FM smoothing by spectral dispersion and polarization smoothing;Rui Zhang等;Optics and Lasers in Engineering(第85期);38-47页 * |
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