CN111209692A - Structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient - Google Patents
Structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficients. The method comprises the following steps: s1, assigning different equivalent convection heat transfer coefficients, and performing temperature field simulation on an in-service research object by using ABAQUS finite element software to obtain a simulated temperature value of an analysis point; s2, calculating and obtaining error values of the measured temperature value and the simulated temperature value of the analysis point under different equivalent convective heat transfer coefficients according to the following formula:
s3, determining the error value
Minimum value of
The minimum value
The equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the corresponding assignment is optimal, and the obtained simulated temperature field is obtained. The simulated temperature field obtained by the calculation method is closer to the actual temperature field of the in-service research object, so that the reliability of the subsequent structural response analysis and the residual life prediction result of the in-service research object is improved, and the method has an important value in improving the safety of the structure in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat transfer, and particularly relates to a structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficients.
Background
The heat convection problem generally exists in the service process of industrial equipment such as aerospace, thermal machinery, energy, chemical engineering and the like, and the thermal stress caused by the large-scale change of temperature is often the main factor causing the structural failure. Therefore, the research on the convection heat exchange problem when the structure is in service has important value for ensuring the long-period safe operation of the structure. In order to obtain the structural three-dimensional space temperature field, only a test method is adopted, the workload is huge, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed. In recent thirty years, with the rapid development of computer technology, numerical simulation methods have been widely used for analyzing convective heat transfer processes. In order to clarify the temperature distribution rule of the structure in the service process, a method combining tests and simulation is an effective way.
The convective heat transfer coefficient is a key parameter in convective heat transfer analysis, and plays a crucial role in the distribution of the structural three-dimensional space temperature field. Due to the complexity of the flow field when the structure is in service, the equivalent convection heat transfer coefficient is considered more reasonably. At present, scholars at home and abroad often take values by experience, so that the deviation of the temperature field numerical analysis result from the actual situation is large, the reliability of the subsequent structural response analysis and residual life prediction result is low, and finally, the safe operation in the service period of the structure is adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficients.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient comprises the following steps:
s1, assigning different equivalent convection heat transfer coefficients, and performing temperature field simulation on an in-service research object by using ABAQUS finite element software to obtain a simulated temperature value of an analysis point;
s2, calculating and obtaining error values of the measured temperature value and the simulated temperature value of the analysis point under different equivalent convective heat transfer coefficients according to the following formula:
in the formula:
the error value of the measured temperature value and the simulated temperature value is related to the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient;
n represents the number of analysis points, i represents the ith analysis point;
m represents the number of measured temperature values of a single analysis point, and j represents the jth measured temperature value;
Tij a(t) represents a measured temperature value, time dependent;
t represents time;
s3, determining the error value
Minimum value of
The minimum value
The equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the corresponding assignment is optimal, and the obtained simulated temperature field is obtained.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the temperature field simulation of the in-service research object by using ABAQUS finite element software in S1 comprises the following steps:
s1-1, establishing a numerical analysis model of an in-service research object;
s1-2, defining the technological parameters of the in-service research object in service and defining the thermophysical property data of the material used by the in-service research object;
s1-3, setting thermal boundary conditions during finite element analysis;
and S1-4, assigning an equivalent convection heat transfer coefficient, and carrying out numerical calculation to obtain a simulated temperature field.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the number of analysis points is at least 3.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and S1-4, the numerical calculation adopts transient analysis calculation, and the time step of the numerical calculation corresponds to the actual sampling time.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and when the thermal boundary condition is a dynamic thermal boundary condition, converting the interface rising speed of the time dimension into the axial height change of the in-service research object in the numerical calculation process, thereby obtaining the simulated temperature field of the in-service research object at any moment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the simulated temperature field obtained by the calculation method is closer to the actual temperature field of the in-service research object, so that the reliability of the subsequent structural response analysis and the residual life prediction result of the in-service research object is improved, and the method has an important value in improving the safety of the structure in operation. The method has wide applicability and is suitable for predicting or simulating the temperature field of the in-service research object in a high-temperature or low-temperature environment.
(2) The on-site temperature measuring points of the in-service research object are selected from 3 or more than 3, so that the optimized equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient is more accurate.
(3) From whether the temperature field is a function of time, thermal analysis includes steady-state and transient thermal analysis. The invention adopts transient analysis calculation related to time, and can better reveal the change rule of the temperature of the research object along with the time when the research object is actually in service.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coke drum configuration.
FIG. 3 is a graph of measured temperatures at various points on the outer wall of the main process stage during a typical cycle of a coke drum.
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical analysis model of a coke drum.
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the measured temperature and the simulated temperature at different points.
FIG. 6 is a graph of simulated temperature profiles for various locations on the outer wall of a coke drum at the main process stage.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is more specifically explained by combining the following embodiments:
the embodiment adopted by the invention is an in-service coke tower of a certain petrochemical plant in China, the main body part of the coke tower is formed by welding 9 cylinder sections, the top of the coke tower is a semi-elliptical head, the bottom of the coke tower is a conical head, the whole tower body is supported by a skirt, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 2. The dimensional specification of the container is as follows: phi 9.8m multiplied by 36.6m, the wall thickness of the oval head and Course1-3 is 33mm, the wall thickness of Course 4-5 is 34mm, the thickness of Course 6 is 36mm, the thickness of Course 7-8 is 40mm, the thickness of Course 9 and the conical head is 44mm, and the thickness of the skirt is 38mm, wherein only the oval head and the upper segment Course1-3 contain a lining of 3 mm. Table 1 shows the operating parameters of the coke drum in service. The main body of the coke tower is made of SA387Gr11Cl2 and 410S, and the material performance parameters at different temperatures are obtained by referring to ASME boiler and pressure vessel specifications, and the specific values are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The coke tower is large-scale petrochemical equipment operated periodically and intermittently, the working period of the coke tower is 36h in the embodiment, 4 temperature measuring points are arranged on the outer wall of the coke tower, the specific positions are shown in figure 2, and the temperature sampling frequency is 3 min/time. The measured temperature profile at various points on the outer wall of the main process stage during a typical cycle of a coke drum is shown in figure 3.
According to the actual structural parameters of the coke tower, establishing a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical analysis model shown in figure 4 by using ABAQUS finite element software, setting the technological parameters of an in-service research object in service, the thermophysical property data of the material used by the in-service research object, thermal boundary conditions and equivalent convection heat transfer coefficients in the ABAQUS finite element software, then performing numerical calculation by using transient analysis in the ABAQUS finite element software to obtain a simulated temperature field, wherein the numerical calculation time step corresponds to the actual sampling time.
Considering that the outer wall of the coke tower is provided with an insulating layer, an insulating boundary is adopted during numerical simulation, the inner wall of the coke tower is based on a third type of boundary conditions, the third type of boundary conditions comprise a static thermal boundary, a dynamic thermal boundary and a mixed thermal boundary, wherein the static thermal boundary is a thermal boundary height which does not change along with time during thermal analysis; the dynamic thermal boundary is the change of the thermal boundary height along with the time during thermal analysis; a hybrid thermal boundary is one in which a portion of the thermal boundary is time-varying and a portion of the thermal boundary is time-invariant.
For example, in the oil inlet or water inlet stage of the coke tower, because liquid below the liquid level exchanges heat with the inner wall of the tower, and the inner wall of the tower above the liquid level exchanges heat with gas in the tower, the thermal boundary formed between the liquid level and the tower wall is constantly changed along the axial direction of the tower as the liquid level rises at a constant speed, and in order to simulate the dynamic thermal boundary, the ABAQUS finite element software adopts an iterative algorithm to convert the rising speed problem of the thermal boundary interface of the time dimension into the change of the height along the axial direction of the tower for processing, so as to calculate the transient temperature field of the coke tower at any time t, the basic idea is as follows:
dividing the time interval 0-t into n identical time intervals delta t of infinite size, the starting time of each time interval being tm-1Indicating that the end time is tmIndicates, start time t 00, so tm＝tm-1+ Δ t, where m ═ 1,2, 3. When the time interval Δ t → 0, the thermal boundary of the transient temperature field is assumed to be static during Δ t, i.e. the liquid and the inner wall of the column are considered to complete the heat transfer process in 2 steps during Δ t: the liquid level is raised (but the time required for the liquid level to rise is ignored), then the liquid level is kept constant, and then heat conduction is carried out. The heat transfer process above the liquid level is treated similarly.
The invention adopts the process parameters in the table 1 and continuously optimizes the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient through the formula (1) to enable the simulated temperature field to approach the actually measured temperature field more truly, thereby obtaining the minimum value of the function E (h). The comparison curve of the temperature simulation value and the measured value of different measuring points obtained after the optimization design is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the measured temperature distribution of each measuring point in the preheating stage is well matched with the calculation result, and although a certain error exists between the measured temperature value and the simulated temperature value of each measuring point in the oil-feeding coke-forming stage and the cooling stage, the variation trend is better in conformity. Therefore, the coke tower space three-dimensional temperature field obtained by numerical calculation of the method is closer to reality, the data reliability is high, and the heat exchange change rule of the coke tower in actual service can be truly reflected. Table 4 shows the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficients of the main process stages obtained after optimization.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing simulated temperature profiles for different locations on the outer wall of a coke drum at the main process stage of a single cycle. From the shape of the curve, the temperature changes with time in different positions have similar trends, and the temperature rises → the heat balance → the temperature falls. As can be seen from fig. 6, there is a sudden inflection point in the oil and water intake stages when the liquid level just reaches this position, because the medium temperature and equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient at this stage of the process are different from those at the previous stage. The inflection point moves to the right continuously as the liquid level rises.
TABLE 1 Coke drum production Process Main Process parameters
| Stage of the process | Medium | Parameters of the process medium | Duration of time |
| Steam preheating | Low pressure steam | 220℃ | 1h |
| Oil gas preheating | Oil gas | 420℃ | 3h |
| Oil-feeding coke | Residual oil | 488℃ | 18h |
| Steam cooling | Low pressure steam plus petroleum coke | 220℃ | 3h |
| Feed water cold coke | Water plus Petroleum coke | 60℃ | 5.5h |
TABLE 2 SA387Gr11Cl2 Material Performance parameters (thermophysical data)
TABLE 3410S materials Performance parameters (thermophysical data)
TABLE 4 main process stage equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient obtained after optimization
Claims (4)
1. A structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, assigning different equivalent convection heat transfer coefficients, and performing temperature field simulation on an in-service research object by using ABAQUS finite element software to obtain a simulated temperature value of an analysis point;
s2, calculating and obtaining error values of the measured temperature value and the simulated temperature value of the analysis point under different equivalent convective heat transfer coefficients according to the following formula:
in the formula:
the error value of the measured temperature value and the simulated temperature value is related to the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient;
n represents the number of analysis points, i represents the ith analysis point;
m represents the number of measured temperature values of a single analysis point, and j represents the jth measured temperature value;
Tij a(t) represents a measured temperature value, time dependent;
t represents time;
s3, determining the error value
Minimum value of
The minimum value
The equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the corresponding assignment is optimal, and the obtained simulated temperature field is obtained.
2. The method for calculating the structural temperature field value based on the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of simulating the temperature field of the in-service study object by using ABAQUS finite element software in S1 comprises the following steps:
s1-1, establishing a numerical analysis model of an in-service research object;
s1-2, defining the technological parameters of the in-service research object in service and defining the thermophysical property data of the material used by the in-service research object;
s1-3, setting thermal boundary conditions during finite element analysis;
and S1-4, assigning an equivalent convection heat transfer coefficient, and carrying out numerical calculation to obtain a simulated temperature field.
3. The method for calculating a structural temperature field value based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of claim 1 wherein the number of analysis points is at least 3.
4. The structural temperature field numerical calculation method based on equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient as recited in claim 2, characterized in that the numerical calculation in S1-4 adopts transient analysis calculation, and the time step of the numerical calculation corresponds to the actual sampling time.
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| CN112347669A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-02-09 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Large-scale antenna back frame temperature measurement and real-time evaluation system and method |
| CN117272762A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2023-12-22 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Method and system for determining convective heat transfer coefficient of water-cooled magnet coil |
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