CN111206920B - Natural deviation law evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a natural deviation rule evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring the characteristics of a drilled stratum, the inclination measuring data of a well track and the directional deflecting characteristics of a deflecting tool by collecting geological data and drilling data; determining a spatial form of the borehole trajectory based on the inclinometry data and the borehole trajectory model; obtaining a toolface angle and a toolbuild rate based on the drilled data; characterizing the contribution of directional deflecting characteristics of a deflecting tool to the well deflection change rate and the azimuth change rate; characterizing contributions of natural formation deflection characteristics to a well deflection change rate and an azimuth change rate of a well track; transforming the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth rate into a stratum inclination build-up rate, a stratum strike build-up rate and a stratum normal build-up rate based on the transformation relation between the stratum coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system; and repeating the steps for each stratum drilled and encountered by multiple drilled wells to obtain a stratum natural deviation rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum representation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas well engineering, in particular to a natural deviation law evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization.
Background
The stratum has anisotropy and natural deflecting characteristics. The natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum is objective and can only be effectively utilized but cannot be controlled. The research on the natural deviation rule of the stratum has important significance on the design, monitoring and control of the well track. In the aspect of well track design, three-dimensional drift track design can be carried out based on the natural deviation rule of the stratum, so that drilling and target centering can be realized by utilizing the natural deviation rule of the stratum. The method can reduce the operation of twisting azimuth, is beneficial to the rapid drilling under large drilling pressure, improves the well quality and reduces the drilling cost. In the aspect of borehole trajectory prediction and control, a natural stratum deviation rule is a precondition, and the natural stratum deviation rule must be obtained in advance to effectively predict and control the borehole trajectory.
The stratum rock mass has orthogonal anisotropy, and physical and mechanical properties such as load resistance strength, hardness and drillability along the normal direction, the inclination and the trend of the stratum are different from each other. In addition, the formation natural deflecting properties are also closely related to the formation layering and the borehole direction, and are ultimately reflected in the change in the borehole trajectory in the angle of inclination and azimuth. Because orthotropic formations are considered to have the same physical and mechanical properties along the normal, dip and strike directions of the formation, it is more regular to characterize natural whipstock characteristics based on the formation.
However, at present, only the anisotropy of the stratum can be evaluated, and a method for acquiring the natural deviation rule of the stratum is not available, so that research and solution of the technical problem are urgently needed to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of borehole trajectory design, monitoring and control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a natural deviation law evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization. The method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring drilled stratum characteristics, inclination measurement data of a well track and directional inclination characteristics of an inclination tool by collecting geological data and drilling data, wherein the stratum characteristics comprise a stratum inclination angle and a stratum trend, the inclination measurement data comprise a well depth, a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle, and the directional inclination characteristics comprise a tool inclination angle and a tool face angle;
s2, determining a well deviation change rate equation and an azimuth change rate equation of the well trajectory based on the inclination measurement data and the well trajectory model so as to represent the well deviation change rate, the azimuth change rate and the change rule of the well deviation angle along the well depth;
s3, acquiring a tool build-up rate and a tool face angle by using a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled well data to obtain a tool build-up rate equation and a tool face angle equation for representing the directional build-up rate characteristic of the build-up tool and the change rule of the directional build-up rate characteristic along the well depth;
s4, calculating a tool well slope and a tool azimuth rate based on the well slope angle equation, the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation, and representing the contribution of directional build characteristics of the building tool to the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate;
s5, obtaining a stratum well slope and a stratum azimuth based on the spatial deflection form of the well track and the directional deflection characteristics of the deflection tool to represent the contribution of the natural deflection characteristics of the stratum to the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track, wherein the spatial deflection form is represented by the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track;
s6, converting the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth rate into a stratum inclination build-up rate, a stratum strike build-up rate and a stratum normal build-up rate based on the conversion relation between the stratum coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system;
and S7, repeating the steps S2-S6 for each stratum drilled and encountered by multiple wells, and calculating the stratum tendency build-up rate, the stratum trend build-up rate and the stratum normal build-up rate of each stratum through statistical analysis to obtain a stratum natural deflection rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization.
According to the natural deviation rule evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization of the invention, preferably, in the step of determining the well deviation change rate equation and the azimuth change rate equation of the well trajectory based on the inclination data and the well trajectory model,
establishing the well deviation change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well deviation angle equation based on a modeling method of a well track, wherein the well track model comprises a space circular arc model, a cylindrical spiral model and a natural curve model, and obtaining the well deviation change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well deviation angle equation in the following forms:
wherein L is the well depth in units: rice; kappa α Well deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ Is the rate of change of the orientation,(°)/30 meters; α is the angle of the well, (°); subscript A denotes interval [ L A ，L B ]At the beginning of (A), i.e. at a well depth of L A 。
According to the method for evaluating the natural deflecting rule based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization of the invention, preferably, in the step of obtaining the tool deflecting rate and the tool face angle by using a drill string mechanical property analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled well data, the tool deflecting rate equation and the tool face angle equation are as follows:
wherein, κ t (ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omega t Tool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill.
According to the method for evaluating the natural deviation-making law based on the multi-well statistics and the formation characterization, preferably, in the step of calculating the tool well slope and the tool orientation rate based on the well slope angle equation, the tool slope angle equation and the tool face angle equation, the change law of the tool well slope and the tool orientation rate along the well depth is as follows:
in the formula: kappa α,t Is the tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,t Is the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
According to the method for evaluating the natural deviation rule based on the multi-well statistics and the formation characterization, preferably, in the step of inverting the slope and the azimuth of the formation well based on the spatial deflection morphology of the borehole trajectory and the directional deviation characteristics of the deviation tool, the slope and the azimuth of the formation well are as follows:
in the formula: kappa type α,f Is the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,f Is the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
According to the method for evaluating the natural deflecting rule based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization of the invention, preferably, in the step of transforming the formation well slope and the formation azimuth rate into the formation trend slope, the formation trend slope and the formation normal slope based on the transformation relation between the formation coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system, the formation trend slope and the formation normal slope are respectively as follows:
in the formula: kappa ξ,f A formation dip, (°)/30 meters; kappa type η,f Forming slope for stratum trend, (°)/30 m; κ ζ, f is the formation normal build rate, (°)/30 meters.
According to the invention, the interaction and influence relation among the stratum rock mass, the deflecting tool and the well track is researched and revealed by using the actual data of the drilled well, the inversion method of the natural deflecting rule of the stratum is established, reliable basic data is provided for the design, monitoring and control of the well track, and the problem that the natural deflecting rule of the stratum is difficult to obtain is solved. In addition, the invention can be used for the design and construction of various wells with complex structures such as directional wells, horizontal wells, extended reach wells and the like, is suitable for various drilling modes such as sliding guide, rotary guide, composite guide and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for evaluating natural deviation of a formation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of transforming the formation coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, there is shown a flow chart of a technical method according to the present invention.
The method of the present invention begins with step S1, in which formation and drilled data are acquired. In particular, the formation properties of the drilled well, the inclinometry data of the wellbore trajectory and the directional whiplash properties of the whipstock are obtained by collecting geological and drilling data. Wherein the formation characteristics include formation dip and formation strike. The inclinometry data includes well depth, angle of inclination, and azimuth. Directional whipstock characteristics include the toolbuild rate and the toolface angle.
Next in step S2, the spatial configuration of the borehole trajectory is determined.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention determines a well slope rate of change equation and an azimuth rate of change equation for the well trajectory based on the inclinometry data and the well trajectory model to characterize the well slope rate of change, azimuth rate of change, and the law of change of the well slope angle along the well depth for the well trajectory. In the present invention, wellbore trajectory models include, but are not limited to, spatial circular arc models, cylindrical spiral models, and natural curve models. Thus, the rate of change equation for the well deviation, the rate of change equation for the azimuth, and the angle of the well deviation equation can be expressed as:
in the formula: l is well depth, unit: rice; kappa α Well deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ Rate of change of orientation, (°)/30 meters; α is the angle of the well, (°); subscript A is interval startAnd (4) point.
Next, in step S3, directional whiplash characteristics of the whipstock and its variation along the well depth are characterized.
Based on the drilled well data, a tool build rate is obtained by a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method, a tool face angle is obtained by a measurement while drilling instrument, and a tool build rate equation and a tool face angle equation are established to represent the directional build rate characteristic of the build tool and the change rule of the directional build rate characteristic along the well depth. The tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation can be expressed as
In the formula: kappa t (ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omega t Tool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the whipstock tool.
In step S4, a tool well slope equation and a tool orientation rate equation are established based on the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation to characterize the rate of change of well slope and the rate of change of orientation produced by the whipstock tool to determine the contribution of directional whipstock characteristics of the whipstock tool to the rate of change of well slope and the rate of change of orientation. The tool well slope equation and the tool orientation rate equation are
In the formula: kappa α,t Is the tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,t Is the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
In step S5, the contribution of the formation natural kick-off to the wellbore trajectory is calculated.
Because the well track is the combined action result of the deflecting tool and the stratum, the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth can be obtained after the contribution of the deflecting tool to the well track is removed, and the contribution of the natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum to the well slope change rate and the stratum azimuth change rate is represented. Specifically, the invention characterizes the contribution of the natural formation whiplash characteristic to the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track by deriving the formation well slope and the formation azimuth based on the spatial deflection morphology of the well track characterized by the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate and the directional whiplash characteristic of the whipstock tool. The resulting formation well slope equation and formation azimuth equation are
In the formula: kappa α,f Is the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,f Is the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
In step S6, the formation well slope and the formation azimuth are transformed into a formation dip formation rate, a formation strike formation rate, and a formation normal formation rate based on the transformation relationship between the formation coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system.
The specific principle for establishing the transformation relationship between the formation coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system is shown in FIG. 2. Based on the true north, the true east and the vertical direction, a wellhead coordinate system NEH is established, wherein the N axis points to the true north direction, the E axis points to the true east direction, and the H axis points to the geocentric downwards. Based on the high side of the borehole, the right direction of the borehole and the direction line of the borehole, a borehole coordinate system xyz is established, wherein the x axis points to the well-increasing slant direction, the y axis points to the well-increasing azimuth direction, and the z axis points to the tangential direction of the track of the borehole. And establishing a stratum coordinate system xi eta zeta based on the stratum tendency, the trend and the normal direction, wherein a xi axis points to the stratum inclination direction, a zeta axis points to the stratum normal direction, an eta axis is perpendicular to the xi axis and the zeta axis, and the xi axis, the eta axis and the zeta axis form a right-handed system. Thus, the rotational transformation relationship between the formation coordinate system ξ η ζ and the borehole coordinate system xyz is
Wherein
[C]＝[B][A] T
In the formula: beta is the dip angle, (°); ψ is the formation dip azimuth, (°).
In this step, natural whiplash properties are further evaluated based on the formation.
The stratum rock mass has orthogonal anisotropy, and physical and mechanical properties such as load resistance strength, hardness and drillability along the normal direction, the inclination and the trend of the stratum are different from each other. In addition, the formation natural deflecting properties are also closely related to the formation layering and the borehole direction, and are ultimately reflected in the change in the borehole trajectory in the angle of inclination and azimuth. Because the physical and mechanical properties of the orthotropic stratum are the same along the normal direction, the trend and the trend of the stratum, and the characterization of natural deflection characteristics based on the stratum has more regularity, the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth rate obtained in the step S4 need to be converted into a stratum coordinate system to obtain a stratum trend build-up rate, a stratum trend build-up rate and a stratum normal build-up rate so as to evaluate the natural deflection characteristics along the stratum trend, the stratum trend and the stratum normal direction.
Based on the stratum well slope and stratum azimuth rate of the step S5 and the coordinate system transformation relation of the step S6, the stratum inclination build-up rate, the stratum strike build-up rate and the stratum normal build-up rate are
In the formula: kappa ξ,f (ii) formation dip, (°)/30 m; kappa type η,f The formation strike rate is formed, and is (degree)/30 m; kappa type ζ,f Is the normal build-up rate of the formation, (°)/30 meters.
Finally, in step S7, the natural deviation rule of the formation is evaluated based on the multi-well data.
For a specific stratum, the stratum natural deflection characteristic of each well is evaluated by repeating the steps S2 to S6, and then the stratum natural deflection rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization is obtained through statistical analysis (for example, taking the average value of all wells), so that reliable data are provided for well track design, monitoring and control.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A natural deviation rule evaluation method based on multi-well statistics and formation characterization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring drilled stratum characteristics, inclination measurement data of a well track and directional inclination characteristics of an inclination tool by collecting geological data and drilling data, wherein the stratum characteristics comprise a stratum inclination angle and a stratum trend, the inclination measurement data comprise a well depth, a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle, and the directional inclination characteristics comprise a tool inclination angle and a tool face angle;
s2, determining a well inclination change rate equation and an azimuth change rate equation of the well trajectory based on the inclination measurement data and the well trajectory model so as to represent the well inclination change rate, the azimuth change rate and the change rule of the well inclination angle along the well depth;
s3, acquiring a tool build-up rate and a tool face angle by utilizing a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled well data to obtain a tool build-up rate equation and a tool face angle equation for representing the directional build-up rate characteristic of the build-up tool and the change rule of the directional build-up rate characteristic along the well depth;
s4, calculating a tool well slope and a tool azimuth rate based on a well slope angle equation, the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation, and representing the contribution of directional build characteristics of the building tool to the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate;
s5, obtaining a stratum well slope and a stratum azimuth based on the spatial deflection form of the well track and the directional deflection characteristics of the deflection tool so as to represent the contribution of the natural deflection characteristics of the stratum to the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track, wherein the spatial deflection form is represented by the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track;
s6, converting the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth rate into a stratum inclination build-up rate, a stratum strike build-up rate and a stratum normal build-up rate based on the conversion relation between the stratum coordinate system and the borehole coordinate system;
s7, repeating the steps S2-S6 for each stratum drilled and encountered by multiple wells, and calculating the stratum tendency build-up rate, the stratum trend build-up rate and the stratum normal build-up rate of each stratum through statistical analysis to obtain a stratum natural build-up rule based on multi-well statistics and stratum characterization;
in the step of determining a well inclination change rate equation and an azimuth change rate equation of the well trajectory based on the inclination measurement data and the well trajectory model, establishing the well inclination change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well inclination angle equation based on a modeling method of the well trajectory, wherein the well trajectory model comprises a space circular arc model, a cylindrical spiral model and a natural curve model, and obtaining the well inclination change rate equation, the azimuth change rate equation and the well inclination angle equation in the following forms:
wherein L is the well depth in units: rice; kappa α Well deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ Rate of change of orientation, (°)/30 meters; α is the angle of the well, (°); subscript A denotes interval [ L A ，L B ]At the beginning of (A), i.e. at a well depth of L A ；
In the step of acquiring the toolmaking rate and the toolface angle using a drill string mechanical property analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled well data, the toolmaking rate equation and the toolface angle equation are:
wherein, κ t Build slope for tool, (°)/30 meters; omega t Tool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill;
in the step of calculating a tool well slope and a tool orientation rate based on the well slope angle equation, the tool build rate equation, and the tool face angle equation, the tool well slope and the tool orientation rate change along the well depth at a regular pattern of:
in the formula: kappa type α,t Tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa type φ,t Is the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters;
in the step of inverting a formation slope and a formation azimuth based on the spatial flexural morphology of the wellbore trajectory and the directional whipstock characteristics of the whipstock, the formation slope and the formation azimuth are:
in the formula: kappa α,f Is the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,f Is the stratigraphic orientation rate, (°)/30 meters;
in the step of transforming the formation well slope and the formation azimuth into a formation inclination build-up rate, a formation strike build-up rate and a formation normal build-up rate based on a transformation relationship between a formation coordinate system and a borehole coordinate system, the formation inclination build-up rate, the formation strike build-up rate and the formation normal build-up rate are respectively:
wherein
[C]＝[B][A] T
In the formula: kappa ξ，f (ii) formation dip, (°)/30 m; kappa η，f Forming slope for stratum trend, (°)/30 m;
κ ζ，f is the normal build-up rate of the stratum, (°)/30 meters; kappa α，f Is the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ，f Is the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters; beta is the dip angle, (°); psi is the dip azimuth angle, (°); α is the angle of the well, (°);
φ is the azimuth, (°).
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| 张子瑜 ; .空间斜平面上的二维井眼轨道设计方法.中外能源.(第04期),50-53. * |
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| CN111206920A (en) | 2020-05-29 |
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