CN111159793B - Modeling method and model system based on digital twin five-dimensional model 3D printer - Google Patents
Modeling method and model system based on digital twin five-dimensional model 3D printer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111159793B CN111159793B CN202010062132.2A CN202010062132A CN111159793B CN 111159793 B CN111159793 B CN 111159793B CN 202010062132 A CN202010062132 A CN 202010062132A CN 111159793 B CN111159793 B CN 111159793B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modeling method and a modeling system of a 3D printer based on a digital twin five-dimensional model, which are used for establishing a physical model, carrying out virtualization high-reality mapping on geometric, physical, environmental and behavioral elements of the physical model, and establishing a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer; adopting a Browser/Server mode, and establishing a service system by PHP and Mysql at the back end according to MVC specification; extracting twin data comprising 3D printer physical entity data, 3D printer digital twin virtual model data, service data and knowledge data: and establishing a twin data information chain. The model system comprises a twin data information chain, and real-time information interaction among the physical model, the 3D printer digital twin virtual model, the service system and twin digits is realized. The modeling method can monitor the multi-view visual working conditions and states on line in real time, and complete real-time natural interaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printers, and relates to a 3D printer modeling method based on a digital twin five-dimensional model; the invention also relates to a model system established by the modeling method.
Background
The 3D printing technology can rapidly and efficiently meet the requirement of consumers on personalized customization, and is increasingly widely applied. With the continuous progress of 3D printing technology, the variety and number of 3D printers are increasing. Currently, 3D printers have a low level of digitization. In the great background of deep implementation of "China manufacturing 2025", increasing the digital level of 3D printers is a key problem faced by 3D printing technology.
Currently, modeling methods related to 3D printers are mostly limited to one aspect. For example, the method disclosed in the patent application "a method for optimizing molding accuracy of 3D printer" (publication No. CN109878073 a) uses three-dimensional CAD modeling software to perform modeling simulation on the overall mechanical structure of the existing FDM type 3D printer, but the method cannot predict the problems occurring in the working engineering of 3D printer, is not convenient for displaying the working state in real time, is not convenient for providing intelligent service, does not consider the influence of environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.) on the working of 3D printer, and has low management level.
The digital twin integration multi-physical, multi-scale, multi-domain and multi-disciplinary attributes have the characteristics of real-time synchronization, faithful mapping and high fidelity, and are effective technical means for realizing interaction and fusion of physical world and information world. According to a data twinning 'five-dimensional structure model', the data twinning comprises a physical model, a virtual model, a management system, twinning data and a twinning data information chain connecting the physical model and the virtual model. The digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer is a faithful digital mirror image of the physical model, can evaluate, predict and optimize the physical model efficiently and accurately, and can endow the physical model with intelligence. After retrieval, no digital twin-based modeling method of the digital model of the 3D printer has been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D printer modeling method based on a digital twin five-dimensional model, which can display, forecast working conditions and intelligent services in real time.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a 3D printer model system built by the modeling method described above.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: A3D printer modeling method based on a digital twin five-dimensional model comprises the following steps:
1) Creating a soft robot or driver physical model:
the physical model comprises a 3D printer body, a sensor and a control system, wherein the sensor is arranged on the 3D printer body and transmits signals of the speed, the position and the temperature of the printing head and signals of the working environment (such as humidity, temperature, wind speed and the like) of the 3D printer to the control system; the control system collects data of an operation panel and data of a sensor of the 3D printer body, transmits the collected data in a signal communication mode, and simultaneously controls the 3D printer to work;
2) Creating a 3D printer digital twin virtual model of the soft robot or drive:
the 3D printer digital twin virtual model formed by carrying out virtual high-reality mapping on geometric, physical, environmental and behavior elements of a physical model based on virtual reality and augmented reality technology is mainly used for finishing simulation, optimization, evaluation and real-time intelligent monitoring and regulation of the working process of the 3D printer;
the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer comprises a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model. The digital twin description model includes a mechanism description model and a data driven description model. The mechanism description model is built according to control, fluid mechanics, electrotechnical electronics, mechanics, materials and the like. The data driving description model is driven by a three-dimensional visualization engine in a twin data information chain to receive real-time data. The digital twin description model and the digital twin intelligent model are mutually combined to generate a virtual 3D printer consistent with the physical 3D printer through online real-time rendering, so that the virtual 3D printer has multi-view visual display, and can naturally interact with display states and working conditions in real time;
the digital twin intelligent model mainly comprises an operation state database, a knowledge base and an inference engine, and the working condition prediction and intelligent service of the 3D printer is realized through analyzing and deciding the real-time data and the original historical data acquired by the sensor.
3) Creating a service system:
the service system mainly completes the work of data, algorithm, modeling process, fault management and control, life prediction, interface operation and the like.
The service system adopts a Browser/Server mode, and the back end uses PHP and Mysql to develop according to MVC specification, so that the functions of user login, authority judgment, information management, historical data review, data analysis and the like can be realized; the user logs in the system at the PC end or the mobile client end through the account number and the password of the service system to perform tasks such as task ordering, data downloading, state monitoring and the like; the user can log in on site or remotely at any time, control the 3D printer, check the production scheme and optimize the system configuration.
4) Mining twin data:
twin data is a key driving force. The twinning data comprises physical entity data of the 3D printer, digital twinning virtual model data of the 3D printer, service data, knowledge data and derivative data. The 3D printer physical entity data comprise relevant data such as specification, performance and operation of the 3D printer; the method comprises the steps of size, assembly, position, material and the like of a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer. The service data comprises an algorithm, a data processing method and related management data; the knowledge data comprise expert knowledge in a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer, a model library and other data; the derived data is derived data obtained by performing relevant processes such as data conversion, preprocessing, classification, association, integration, fusion and the like on the data.
5) Creating a dynamic real-time connection or a dynamic real-time twin data information chain:
the dynamic real-time connection or dynamic real-time twin data information chain is used for realizing real-time information interaction among a 3D printer physical model, a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, a service system and twin data by means of a modern information transmission technology. The physical model is connected with the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer through a twin data information chain, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected through the twin data information chain, and the service system, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected through the twin data information chain.
The twin data information chain realizes mutual information data exchange of related components and comprises connection of a physical model and a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, connection of the physical model and a service system, connection of the physical model and twin data, connection of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model and the service system, connection of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model and twin data, connection of the twin data and the service system and the like.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the model system established by the modeling method comprises a service system, wherein the service system is respectively connected with twin data, a physical model and a digital twin virtual model of a 3D printer through a twin data information chain, the twin data is respectively connected with the physical model and the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer through a twin data information chain, and the physical model is connected with the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer through a twin data information chain.
According to the modeling method, physical 3D printer body and environment state information are collected through various sensors, a three-dimensional visualization engine is driven to render and generate a virtual 3D printer model consistent with the physical 3D printer based on the information, so that faithful twin mapping of the virtual 3D printer and the physical 3D printer is realized, multi-view visualization working conditions and state monitoring can be performed on line in real time, and real-time natural interaction is completed.
By constructing the service system, the model can control data, algorithms, modeling processes and the like related in the 3D printer work, and display the data, algorithms, modeling processes and the like through a man-machine friendly interface, so that the management level is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure established in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a physical model built in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a digital twin virtual model of a 3D printer built in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a digital twin intelligent model built in the modeling method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the modeling method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The five-dimensional model established by the 3D printer modeling method based on the digital twin five-dimensional model provided by the embodiment comprises a physical model, a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, a service system, twin data and a twin data information chain, as shown in figure 1; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the physical model includes a 3D printer body, sensors, and a control system, as shown in fig. 2. The 3D printer body comprises a servo system, a functional unit and an auxiliary part, wherein the servo system comprises a motor, a feeding system and the like; the functional units comprise a screw rod, a feed rod, a printing head and the like; the auxiliary part comprises a material conveying system, an illumination system, a protective cover and the like. The sensor comprises a position sensor, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor and the like, and the data transmission mode of the sensor is realized by Wifi, bluetooth, RFID, RS232 and the like. The control system mainly comprises a controller, an HMI, an I/O and the like,
the sensor is arranged on the 3D printer body and transmits signals such as the speed, the position and the like of the 3D printer body to the control system; the sensor is connected with the control system through different data interfaces; the control system collects related data through a twin data information chain and transmits signals, and meanwhile, parameters such as the speed and track of the printing head are controlled, and information such as alarm prompt is sent;
the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer is a highly real mapping for virtualizing geometric, physical, environmental, behavioral and other elements of a physical model based on technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality and the like, and is mainly used for finishing simulation, optimization, evaluation and real-time intelligent monitoring and regulation of the working process of the 3D printer. The digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer is driven by a twin data information chain through a three-dimensional visual engine, and is rendered online in real time and offline in non-real time to generate a virtual 3D printer consistent with the physical 3D printer, so that the digital twin virtual model has the functions of multi-view visual display, natural interaction and state monitoring. The virtual model comprises a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model, and the digital twin intelligent model realizes the intelligent service of digital twin of the 3D printer through data analysis and decision.
The digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer consists of a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model, as shown in figure 3. The digital twin description model includes a mechanism description model and a data driven description model. The mechanism description model consists of a fluid system, a material system, an electrical system and a mechanical system, wherein the working principle of the 3D printer is described by means of related discipline principles, the mechanical system is responsible for describing the relation among all mechanical parts of the physical 3D printer, the fluid system describes the relation of hydraulic systems of the 3D printer, the electrical system describes the relation of electrical control systems of the 3D printer, and the material system describes the material properties of the 3D printer. The mechanism description model is constructed based on a multi-field unified modeling language model by utilizing an object-oriented mode, firstly, a 3D printer is divided by utilizing an object-oriented thought and utilizing a componentization-based mathematical equation method until each part is reached, then, a description model of corresponding parts and subsystems is built by utilizing the unified multi-field modeling language model based on constraint requirements of a corresponding system and the like, and the subsystems of all fields are integrated in different fields through energy converters to form a digital twin multi-field description model.
As shown in fig. 4, the digital twin intelligent model mainly comprises an operation state database, a knowledge base and an inference engine, wherein the operation state database stores a control system and sensing information acquired from a 3D printer in real time, the knowledge base learns corresponding knowledge from historical data, the inference engine performs decision-making reasoning, fault prediction diagnosis and the like based on corresponding rules and knowledge, intelligent prediction of the working condition of the 3D printer is completed, and results are fed back to physical assets in a data form, so that the 3D printer is intelligent; and simultaneously, transmitting the result to the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer in a data form, and pushing the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer to be adjusted and displayed in real time. And achieves real-time interactive display and optimal work.
The service system adopts a Browser/Server mode, and the back end uses PHP and Mysql to develop according to MVC specification, so that the functions of user login, authority judgment, information management, historical data review, data analysis and the like can be realized; a user can log in a service system at a PC end or a mobile client end through an account number and a password to carry out business ordering, data downloading, state monitoring and the like; the service system can complete the work of fault control, life prediction and the like. The user can log in on site or remotely at any time, control the 3D printer, check the production scheme and optimize the system configuration.
The twin data includes 3D printer physical entity data, 3D printer digital twin virtual model data, service data, knowledge data, derivative data, and the like. The 3D printer physical entity data comprises relevant data such as specification, performance and operation of the 3D printer. The 3D printer digital twin virtual model data includes data of the size, assembly, position, material, etc. of the virtual model. The service data includes algorithms, data processing methods and related management data. The knowledge data comprises expert knowledge in a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer, a model library and other data.
The twin data information chain realizes mutual information data exchange of related components and comprises connection of a 3D printer physical model and a 3D printer digital twin virtual model, connection of the physical model and a service system, connection of the 3D printer physical model and twin digits, connection of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model and the service system, connection of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model and twin digits, connection of the twin digits and the service system and the like.
Examples
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the modeling method of the present invention is a 3-axis Fused Deposition (FDM) 3D printer. The 3D printer mainly comprises a frame, a polished rod support, an optical axis, a feeding mechanism, a Z-axis platform, an extrusion head, a bottom plate, a control circuit and a stepping motor.
In the digital twin modeling process of the 3D printer by using the modeling method, the 3D printer is divided by using an object-oriented thought and a componentization-based mathematical equation method until each part is reached, engineers in each field then establish expression models of corresponding parts and subsystems by using a unified multi-field modeling language model based on constraint equations, constraints, parameters and the like of corresponding systems, and the subsystems in each field are integrated in different fields by using energy converters to form the digital twin multi-field description model. The digital twin intelligent model mainly comprises a database, a knowledge base and an inference engine.
The sensor (speed sensor, temperature sensor, position sensor, flow sensor and the like) and limit switch which are arranged on the 3D printer body, and the environment sensor (air humidity sensor, environment temperature sensor and the like) which is used for collecting environment data transmit the physical properties (printing speed, temperature, feeding speed and the like) and the environment parameters of the 3D printer to the digital twin intelligent model of the 3D printer, and the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer which is consistent with the physical model is generated by utilizing the control science, the fluidics, the materials science, the electrical science and the mechanical science mechanisms and combining the data, and the working condition of the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer is displayed in real time; meanwhile, by combining the stored historical data, the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer is subjected to intelligent analysis and prediction to determine whether the current physical attribute value of the 3D printer is reasonable. If not, the 3D printer can work more in accordance with the actual conditions by adjusting the movement of the 3 shafts of the 3D printer and the working conditions of the extrusion heads through the stepping motor, and the working state is optimal.
The design service module of the service system combines simulation technology (software such as ABAQUS, ANSYS and the like) and data modeling technology, so that real-time and high-confidence simulation prediction of the 3D printer is realized, the design verification capability can be improved, the design speed is increased, and the design precision is improved. The fault prediction and monitoring module of the service system is based on real-time data provided by twin data, and the collected data is analyzed and processed to realize rapid fault capturing, accurately position fault reasons, evaluate the state of the 3D printer and conduct prediction maintenance. The service system can also complete the statistical analysis of the twin data and display the twin data. The operator can also complete the control of the 3D printer through a human-computer interface.
The service system adopts a Browser/Server mode, and the back end uses PHP and Mysql to develop according to MVC specification, so that the functions of user login, authority judgment, information management, historical data review, data analysis and the like can be realized; users can log in the system at the PC end or the mobile client end through the account number and the password of the system, and work such as task order, data downloading, state monitoring and the like is performed. Users can log in the service system on site or remotely at any time, control the 3D printer, check the working scheme and optimize the system configuration.
Claims (7)
1. The modeling method of the 3D printer based on the digital twin five-dimensional model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Establishing a physical model comprising a 3D printer body, a sensor and a control system, wherein the sensor is arranged in the physical model
The sensor is arranged on the 3D printer body and transmits a speed signal, a position signal and a temperature signal of the printing head and a working environment signal of the 3D printer to the control system; the control system collects data of an operation panel and data of a sensor of the 3D printer body, transmits the collected data in a signal mode, and simultaneously controls the 3D printer;
2) Carrying out virtualization high-reality mapping on geometric, physical, environmental and behavioral elements of a physical model based on a virtual reality and augmented reality technology to establish a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer; the 3D printer digital twin virtual model comprises a digital twin description model and a digital twin intelligent model;
the digital twin description model comprises a mechanism description model and a data driving description model; description of the mechanism
The model is built according to control science, fluid mechanics, electricity, mechanics and materials; the data driving description model is driven by a three-dimensional visualization engine in a twin data information chain to receive real-time data; the digital twin description model and the digital twin intelligent model are mutually combined to generate a virtual 3D printer consistent with the physical 3D printer through online real-time rendering, so that the virtual 3D printer has multi-view visual display, and can naturally interact with display states and working conditions in real time;
3) Adopting a Browser/Server mode, and establishing a service system by PHP and Mysql at the back end according to MVC specification; the method is used for user login, authority judgment, information management, historical data review and data analysis; a user logs in a service system at a PC end or a mobile client end through an account number and a password to carry out task ordering, data downloading and state monitoring; the service system completes fault management and control and life prediction; the user logs in on site or remotely at any time, controls the 3D printer, checks the production scheme, and optimizes the system configuration;
4) Extracting twin data comprising physical entity data of a 3D printer, digital twin virtual model data of the 3D printer, service data, knowledge data and derivative data; the 3D printer physical entity data comprise relevant data of the specification, performance and operation of the 3D printer; the 3D printer digital twin virtual model data includes size, assembly, location, and material data of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model; the service data comprises an algorithm, a data processing method and related management data; the knowledge data comprises expert knowledge and model library data in a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer; the derived data are derived data obtained by performing data conversion, preprocessing, classification, association, integration and fusion processing on the data;
5) And establishing a dynamic real-time connection twin data information chain or a dynamic real-time twin data information chain, and realizing real-time information interaction among a physical model, a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer, a service and twin digits through the twin data information chain.
2. The modeling method of the 3D printer based on the digital twin five-dimensional model according to claim 1, wherein the digital twin intelligent model consists of an operation state database, a knowledge base and an inference engine, and the working condition prediction and intelligent service of the soft robot or the driver is realized by analyzing and deciding the real-time data and the original historical data collected by the sensor.
3. The 3D printer modeling method based on the digital twin five-dimensional model according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 3D printer digital twin virtual model completes simulation, optimization, evaluation and real-time intelligent monitoring and regulation of the working process of the 3D printer.
4. The digital twinned five-dimensional model based 3D printer modeling method of claim 1, wherein the physical entity data of the 3D printer comprises specification, performance and operation related data of the 3D printer; the 3D printer digital twin virtual model data includes size, assembly, location, and material data of the 3D printer digital twin virtual model; the service data comprises an algorithm, a data processing method and related management data; the knowledge data includes expert knowledge in a digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer and model library data.
5. The digital-twin five-dimensional model-based 3D printer modeling method of claim 1, wherein the physical model is connected with the 3D printer digital twin virtual model through a twin data information chain, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected through a twin data information chain, and the service system, the twin data, the physical model and the virtual model are connected through a twin data information chain.
6. A model system built by a modeling method according to claim 1, comprising a service system, wherein the service system is respectively connected with twin data, a physical model and a digital twin virtual model of a 3D printer through a twin data information chain, the twin data is respectively connected with the physical model and the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer through a twin data information chain, and the physical model is connected with the digital twin virtual model of the 3D printer through a twin data information chain.
7. The modeling system of claim 6, wherein the physical model includes a 3D printer body, sensors mounted on the 3D printer body, and a control system, the sensors transmitting speed, position and temperature signals of the printhead and operating environment signals of the 3D printer to the control system; the control system collects data of an operation panel and data of a sensor of the 3D printer body, transmits the collected data in a signal mode, and simultaneously controls the 3D printer to work.
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