CN111148099B - Side channel key generation method, device and communication system - Google Patents
Side channel key generation method, device and communication system Download PDFInfo
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- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of communication, and provides a side channel key generation method, a device and a communication system, wherein the side channel key generation method can be applied to an information sending end for encrypted communication and comprises the following steps: after a communication starting signal is sent, acquiring channel state phase information; carrying out phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information; quantizing the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate binary bits with preset length; checking the binary bit with the preset length to generate a check code, and sending the check code to an information receiving end which carries out encryption communication with the information sending end; and randomly selecting digits from the binary digits of the preset length to generate a communication key, and sending the index of the selected digits to the information receiving end. The side channel key generation method provided by the invention can greatly improve the consistency rate, the generation rate, the randomness and the safety of key generation.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a side channel key generation method, apparatus, and communication system.
Background
With the popularization of internet of things devices, intelligent mobile devices and wireless communication, more and more information needs to be shared in a wireless communication mode. However, due to the exposition of wireless communications, many types of attacks may be made thereon by attackers, which are likely to result in the disclosure of such information. In addition, because of the characteristics of the internet of things devices and the mobile devices, the characteristics of the communication modes, and the defects of the traditional encryption modes, it is inconvenient to use some traditional encryption modes.
In addition, since the channel state information can provide richer channel state information, the key generation rate is higher, and the key generation is less prone to attack. Channel state information has advantages over received signal strength in a key generation system. However, since the amplitude information of the channel state information is greatly affected by noise and the fluctuation of the signal is not obvious, it is difficult to make the signals obtained by both sides of the encrypted communication consistent or have high randomness. In addition, the common quantization method used in the current key generation includes a mean value method cumulative distribution function method, but the randomness and the security of the two quantization methods are poor.
Therefore, the current side channel key generation method has at least the problems of low consistency rate, poor randomness and low safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a side channel key generation method, aiming at solving the problems of low consistency rate, poor randomness and low safety.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that a side channel key generation method is applied to an information sending end for encrypted communication, and comprises the following steps:
after a communication starting signal is sent, acquiring channel state information, wherein the channel state information comprises channel state phase information;
based on a preset phase correction method, carrying out phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information;
based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, carrying out quantization processing on the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate binary bits with preset length;
based on a preset check algorithm, checking the binary bit with the preset length to generate a check code, and sending the check code to an information receiving end which is in encrypted communication with the information sending end so that the information receiving end can correct according to the check code;
and randomly selecting digits from the binary digits of the preset length to generate a communication key, and sending the index of the selected digits to the information receiving end.
Another objective of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a side channel key generation method, applied to an information receiving end for performing encrypted communication, including the following steps:
after an information sending end which carries out encryption communication with the information receiving end sends a communication starting signal, channel state information is collected, and the channel state information comprises channel state phase information;
based on a preset phase correction method, carrying out phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information;
based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, carrying out quantization processing on the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate binary bits with preset length;
receiving a check code sent by the information sending end, correcting the binary digits with the preset length based on a preset check algorithm, and generating corrected binary digits;
and receiving the index of the selected digit sent by the information sending end, and processing the corrected binary digit according to the index of the selected digit to generate a communication key.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a key generation apparatus, applied to an information sending end for performing encrypted communication, including:
the first information acquisition unit is used for acquiring channel state information after a communication starting signal is sent, wherein the channel state information comprises channel state phase information;
the first phase correction unit is used for performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate channel state phase information after phase correction;
the first information quantization unit is used for performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after the phase correction based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate binary bits with preset length;
the first binary bit checking unit is used for checking the binary bits with the preset length based on a preset checking algorithm to generate a checking code and sending the checking code to an information receiving end which is in encrypted communication with the information sending end so that the information receiving end can correct the checking code;
and the first key generation unit is used for randomly selecting digits from the binary digits with the preset length to generate a communication key and sending the index of the selected digits to the information receiving end.
Another objective of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a communication system, including an information sending end and an information receiving end, where the information sending end generates a communication key by using the side channel key generation method; the information receiving end generates a communication key by the side channel key generation method; and the information sending end and the information receiving end carry out encrypted communication through the generated communication key.
According to the side channel key generation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the corrected channel state phase information is utilized, and the key is generated by adopting the self-adaptive quantization method based on the cumulative distribution function, so that the consistency rate, the generation rate, the randomness and the safety of key generation can be greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an encrypted communication performed by a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a side channel key generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of another side channel key generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of steps before step S202 or step S302 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of step S202 or step S302 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of steps before step S203 or step S303 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of step S203 or step S303 provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of steps before step S705 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a block diagram of a key generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a block diagram of another key generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram of channel state phase information before and after phase correction and filtering;
FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram of channel state phase information after Savitzky-Golay filtering and sliding mean filtering;
fig. 13 is a waveform diagram of the channel state phase information acquired by both the information transmitting end and the information receiving end after filtering, in which C denotes the information transmitting end and D denotes the information receiving end;
fig. 14 is a waveform diagram and CDF diagram of channel state phase information;
FIG. 15 is a graph of sample index discontinuities incurred after discarding samples in a first discard zone;
FIG. 16 reflects the coincidence rate of binary bits obtained using different quantization methods;
FIG. 17 reflects entropy of binary bits quantized using Gray and D-Gray coding methods;
FIG. 18 reflects the randomness test throughput of binary bits quantized using Gray and D-Gray coding methods;
FIG. 19 reflects the number of consecutive sample index paragraphs before using a virtual threshold split line;
FIG. 20 reflects the consecutive sample index paragraph number case after using a virtual threshold partition line;
fig. 21 reflects the key generation rate case for different first discard band sizes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms unless otherwise specified. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first xx script may be referred to as a second xx script, and similarly, a second xx script may be referred to as a first xx script, without departing from the scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a communication system performing encrypted communication according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method for performing encrypted communication is applied to an information sending end and an information receiving end performing encrypted communication, and includes the following steps:
step S101, synchronizing time stamps at an information sending end and an information receiving end, and simultaneously collecting channel state phase information after the information sending end sends a communication start signal.
Step S102, the information sending end and the information receiving end respectively carry out phase correction on the channel state phase information respectively collected by the two ends.
Step S103, the information sending end and the information receiving end respectively quantize the corrected channel state phase information of the two ends to generate binary bits.
And step S104, checking the binary digits generated by the information sending end and the information receiving end, wherein the information sending end sends a check code to the information receiving end, and the information receiving end corrects the binary digits according to the check code so as to enable the binary digits of the two corrected ends to be consistent.
And S105, the information sending end randomly selects digits in the generated binary digits to generate a communication key, the binary index of the selected digits is sent to the information receiving end, the information receiving end processes the corrected binary digits according to the binary index to generate the communication key, and the two parties can carry out encryption communication through the communication key.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a side channel key generation method, where the side channel key generation method is applied to an information sending end performing encrypted communication, and includes the following steps:
step S201, after sending the communication start signal, acquiring channel state information, where the channel state information includes channel state phase information.
Step S202, based on a preset phase correction method, performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information.
Step S203, performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after phase correction based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, and generating a binary bit with a preset length.
And S204, checking the binary bit with the preset length based on a preset checking algorithm to generate a check code, and sending the check code to an information receiving end which is in encrypted communication with the information sending end, so that the information receiving end can correct according to the check code.
Step S205, randomly selecting digits from the binary digits of the preset length to generate a communication key, and sending the index of the selected digits to the information receiving end.
As a preferred solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the channel state information is dynamic channel state information, and the dynamic channel state information is randomly generated by shaking an antenna by an information sending end. Specifically, set up a step motor on information sending end's antenna, step motor can be controlled by Arduino development board, through Arduino development board volume control, alright make the antenna can be around the different angles of angular velocity swing of one end with different according to the procedure to can produce the dynamic channel state information that has random waveform, and then be favorable to follow-up generation uniformity height, the strong key of randomness.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a flowchart of another side channel key generation method, which is applied to an information receiving end performing encrypted communication, and includes the following steps:
step S301, after the information sending end performing encryption communication with the information receiving end sends a communication start signal, acquiring channel state information, where the channel state information includes channel state phase information.
Step S302, performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method, and generating phase-corrected channel state phase information.
Step S303, performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after phase correction based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, and generating a binary bit with a preset length.
Step S304, receiving the check code sent by the information sending end, correcting the binary digits with the preset length based on a preset check algorithm, and generating corrected binary digits.
Step S305, receiving the index of the selected digit sent by the information sending end, and processing the corrected binary digit according to the index of the selected digit to generate a communication key.
As shown in fig. 4, as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the step of performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information (i.e. step S202 or step S302), the method further includes:
step S401, synchronizing the timestamp information of the information sending end and the information receiving end according to the network protocol.
Step S402, judging whether the acquired channel state phase information is in a preset coherent time according to the synchronous timestamp information, and acquiring the channel state phase information in the coherent time.
The step of performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information specifically includes:
step S403, performing phase correction on the channel state phase information within the coherence time based on a preset phase correction method, and generating phase-corrected channel state phase information.
Specifically, in the process of acquiring channel state phase information, both an information sending end and an information receiving end need to exchange timestamp information of sampling points of both the information sending end and the information receiving end so as to judge whether the two sampling points are within a preset coherence time; if the two sampling points are not within the preset coherence time, both sides need to discard the corresponding sampling points to acquire the channel state phase information within the coherence time, so that the consistency of the acquired channel state phase information can be ensured.
As shown in fig. 5, as another preferred aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information (i.e., step S202 or step S302) specifically includes:
step S501, obtaining the collected channel state phase information, where the channel state phase information includes channel state phase information of multiple subcarriers.
Step S502, determining a first correction value based on the collected channel state phase information of the first subcarrier and the collected channel state phase information of the last subcarrier.
Step S503, calculating an average value of the collected channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers, and recording the average value as a second correction value.
Step S504 is performed to correct the acquired channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers based on the first correction value and the second correction value, respectively, and generate phase-corrected channel state phase information.
Specifically, because there is a certain difference in the waveforms of the channel state phase information acquired by both the information transmitting end and the information receiving end, the channel state phase information cannot be used directly, but the channel state phase information acquired by both the information transmitting end and the information receiving end needs to be phase-corrected, so that the channel state phase information after the phase correction by both the information transmitting end and the information receiving end has phase information with a similar trend. The directly collected channel state phase information is shown as a in fig. 11, and generally, in the same channel, the ith subcarrier f of the channel state information measured by the commercial device isiPhase of channel response ofBit information
Can be expressed as the following equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
delta is the clock offset at the receiver for true phase information, including packet detection delay and sampling frequency offset, kiIs the subcarrier number, β is the unknown phase difference, and Z is the noise on the ith subcarrier.
In addition, the first correction value is recorded as a, and the second correction value is recorded as b, then
The phase correction formula can be obtained:
in an example of the embodiment of the present invention, in a 20MHz channel, 30 subcarrier sequence numbers acquired by an information sending end through an Intel5300 network card are [ -28, -26, …, -2, -1,1,3, …,27,28], and 56 subcarrier sequence numbers acquired by an information receiving end through an Atheros network card are [ -28, -27, …, -1,1,2, …,28 ]; although the subcarrier serial numbers acquired by the two network cards are different, the phase change conditions corrected by the formula are similar. The directly acquired channel state phase information (a) is corrected by the phase correction formula, and the obtained phase information is shown as b in fig. 11.
As shown in fig. 6, as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the step of performing quantization processing on the phase-corrected channel state and phase information based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate binary bits with a preset length (i.e. step S203 or step S303), the method further includes:
step S601, performing filtering processing on the phase-corrected channel state phase information based on a Savitzky-Golay filtering method and a sliding mean filtering method, and generating filtered channel state phase information.
The step of performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after phase correction by using the adaptive quantization method based on the cumulative distribution function to generate a binary bit with a preset length specifically includes:
step S602, performing quantization processing on the filtered channel state phase information based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, and generating a binary bit with a preset length.
Specifically, the Savitzky-Golay filter is used to filter some glitches on the phase-corrected channel state phase information, as shown in c of fig. 11, and then the smoothing process is further performed by using a sliding mean filter, and the processed result is shown in fig. 12.
In an example of the embodiment of the present invention, after both the information sending end and the information receiving end respectively filter the channel state phase information after the phase correction by the Savitzky-Golay filtering method and the sliding mean filtering method, the obtained filtered channel state phase information is as shown in fig. 13. As can be seen from the figure, the filtered channel state phase information obtained by both the information sending end and the information receiving end substantially coincide, and both the information sending end and the information receiving end have waveforms with higher consistency.
As shown in fig. 6, as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing quantization processing on the phase-corrected channel state and phase information based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate binary bits with a preset length (i.e. step S203 or step S303) specifically includes:
step S701, determining the number of quantization intervals according to the phase information of the channel state after phase correction.
Step S702, based on the cumulative distribution function, determining a threshold dividing line according to the number of the quantization intervals, and dividing the quantization intervals to be quantized in the channel state phase information after the phase correction according to the threshold dividing line.
Step S703 is to set a first discard band near the threshold dividing line, remove samples in the quantization interval that are within the first discard band, and generate a filtered quantization interval.
Step S704, determining the length of the quantized sample according to the two sets of adjacent threshold dividing lines that are closest to each other.
Step S705, quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the quantization sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code, and generating a binary bit with a preset length.
As another preferred solution of the embodiment of the present invention, since the acquired channel state phase information includes a plurality of subcarriers, in general, the vibration amplitude of the first and last subcarriers is large, and therefore, the first or last subcarrier may be used to generate the key in general.
Specifically, let the set of samples to be quantized be S ═ S1,s2,…,smSelecting a proper quantization interval number m according to the waveform variance or amplitude of the channel state phase information, and then dividing a plurality of groups of threshold dividing lines Q ═ Q { Q } according to a Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) graph1,q2,…,qn-1Are such that
I.e., the number of samples in each two adjacent sets of the thresholding line intervals is equal, as shown in fig. 14.
Furthermore, in order to avoid the influence of noise, the samples of both sides near the threshold dividing line do not fall within one section, and a first discard zone needs to be arranged near the threshold dividing line, that is, the samples in the discard zones of both sides need to be discarded, so that the consistency rate of the keys of both sides can be improved.
In addition, when a segment of waveform in the channel state phase information is concentrated in a certain small range, the threshold dividing line of the quantization interval using CDF is very close, which easily causes an error near the dividing line when the interval is divided by the point to be quantized, and therefore, it is necessary to automatically determine the length of the quantized sample. Specifically, the length of the two nearest threshold dividing lines with the maximum distance is selected in a length range, i.e. Q ═ min(s), Q1,…,qn-1Max(s), then the sample length L is:
where M is the minimum sample length, M is the maximum sample length, min (-) is a function taking the minimum, dist (-) is the distance between two adjacent thresholds.
As shown in fig. 7, as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the step of quantizing the samples in the filtered quantization interval according to the quantized sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with a preset length (i.e., step S705), the method further includes:
step S801, determining a virtual threshold dividing line according to the threshold dividing line and the filtered samples in the quantization interval.
Step S802, a second rejection band is set near the virtual threshold dividing line, and the samples in the second rejection band in the quantization interval after filtering are removed, so as to generate a quantization interval after secondary filtering.
The step of quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the quantization sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with a preset length specifically includes:
and step S803, quantizing the samples in the quantization interval after the secondary filtering according to the quantization sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code, and generating a binary bit with a preset length.
Specifically, since the samples near the threshold dividing line are discarded in the quantization process, a third party may infer the quantization interval of the samples according to the index values of the discarded samples, as shown in fig. 15. Therefore, to improve security, some extra samples may also be discarded to increase the number of discontinuous sample indexes, which may increase the difficulty of inferring third party initiated attacks.
When the information sending end finds that the number of the continuous sample index paragraphs obtained by the information sending end is too small, a virtual threshold dividing line needs to be found again to discard the samples near the virtual threshold dividing line, so that the number of the break points can be increased. Specifically, the virtual threshold dividing line is determined in the following manner:
let the threshold dividing line be Q ═ Q1,q2,…,qn-1Let the maximum value of a segment of sample S be qmaxMax(s), minimum value qminMin(s), the expanded threshold dividing line is Q ═ Qmin,q1,q2,…,qn-1,qmax}; then, two adjacent threshold dividing lines with the largest difference in the set Q are found, and the middle position of the two threshold dividing lines is set as a virtual threshold dividing line Qvar. The section in which the second reject band is provided in the vicinity of the virtual threshold dividing line may be smaller than the section of the first reject band. To avoid discarding too much sample.
As another preferred solution of the embodiment of the present invention, a quantization method of the D-Gray code is: when four quantization intervals are used, the following quantization scheme may be employed:
wherein, TiThe threshold for the first discard band can be determined from the CDF map to ensure that the number of samples in different quantization intervals can be consistent after discarding the samples in the first discard band. The quantization coding scheme can be fullThe method is characterized in that the similarity of adjacent codes of the traditional Gray code is 50% and the similarity of non-adjacent codes is 0%, and the entropy value and the randomness of binary bits obtained through quantization can be increased.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S204, the difference in binary bits generated by both the information sending end and the information receiving end can be corrected by using a checking algorithm such as a Cascade algorithm, a BCH code, a parity code, and the like.
As another preferred solution of the embodiment of the present invention, since the information of some bits in the binary bits may be exposed by using the above-mentioned verification algorithm, the bits of the exposed information may also be discarded during the verification process. In addition, after the verification is finished, the information sending end and the information receiving end can compare whether the binary bits of the two corrected ends are consistent or not by using a double hash method. If the corrected binary digits match, the process proceeds to step S205 or step S305. The embodiment of the invention utilizes a double hash mode to verify whether the binary bits are consistent or not, so that the guessing of a third party is greatly hindered.
As another preferred solution of the embodiment of the present invention, in step S205, since the directly quantized binary bits may not pass the randomness test such as NIST, some bits may be randomly deleted from the quantized binary bits to achieve the randomness requirement. Specifically, if the number of generated binary keys is n and the key selection rate is p, the number of generated keys is n × p. The information sending end generates an n multiplied by p random index, randomly selects the number of bits to be used in the range of [1, n ], and deletes the rest bits. If the binary digits of the information sending end pass the NIST randomness test after the digits are selected, the information sending end needs to send the indexes of the selected digits to the information receiving end, and the information receiving end can update the binary digits according to the indexes of the selected digits, so that the updated binary digits are the same, and the updated binary digits can be used as the final communication key.
In an example of the embodiment of the present invention, the consistency, randomness, security and key generation rate of the side channel key generation method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be experimentally tested through the following schemes, specifically as follows:
three computers provided with Intel WiFi Link 5300 are respectively used as an information sending end, an information receiving end and a third party, and each computer is configured in a mode provided by CSI Tool so as to collect channel state phase information. Each computer works at 2.4GHz with the bandwidth of 20MHz, and can collect 30 subcarriers with subcarrier serial numbers of [ -28, -26, …, -2, -1,1,3, …,27 and 28] in the channel state phase information. In addition, the hostapd is installed at the information sending end and used for establishing a WiFi hotspot for connecting other computers.
Meanwhile, two computers provided with Atheros AR9590 network cards are used as the other set of information sending end and information receiving end, and each computer is configured by using an Atheros-CSI-Tool method so as to receive channel state phase information. Each computer works at 2.4GHz, has a bandwidth of 20MHz, and can collect 56 subcarriers with subcarrier numbers [ -28, -27, …, -2, -1,1,2, …,27,28 ]. When measuring data, the information sending end and the information receiving end receive and send data simultaneously.
A stepping motor is connected to an antenna of an information sending end and is controlled by an Arduino development board. In this way, the antenna can be programmed to oscillate at different angles around one end with different angular velocities, thereby generating random waveforms.
In the key generation process, after the information receiving end is connected with the hot spot created by the information sending end, the information sending end pings the information receiving end at the speed of 300-400 pkt/s, so that the two parties can simultaneously acquire the channel state phase information.
In order to verify whether the third party detects the channel state information similar to that of the information receiving terminal, the third party and the information receiving terminal can simultaneously receive the channel state information sent by one hotspot. Because the timestamp information of the third party and the information receiving end is synchronized during communication, only the channel state information in the coherent time can be screened out during data processing. By comparing the channel state information data received by the third party and the information receiving end when the antennas of the third party and the information receiving end are at different distances, whether the waveforms of the third party and the information receiving end are similar or not can be observed, and whether the waveform can predict the waveform change condition when the antenna of the third party is very close to the information receiving end or not can be further deduced. The above processes are all performed under a single antenna, so as to ensure the consistency of the transmitting and receiving antennas.
As shown in fig. 16, compared to the conventional original quantization method and the conventional sliding mean filtering method, the consistency rate of binary bits obtained by the adaptive quantization method based on the cumulative distribution function according to the embodiment of the present invention is higher, and the consistency rate can be higher than 96%.
As shown in fig. 17, the quantization scheme of the D-Gray code adopted in the embodiment of the present invention obtains a higher entropy value of binary bits compared to the quantization scheme of the original Gray code. When the gray code is used, the shorter the sample length is, the lower the entropy value is, because quantization using the gray code may result in a large number of 0 or 1 being connected together, and equal distribution cannot be satisfied. After the D-Gray code is adopted, the maximum entropy value of the binary bit can be met under various sample lengths.
As shown in fig. 18, compared to the quantization scheme of the original Gray code, the quantization scheme of the D-Gray code adopted in the embodiment of the present invention has a higher NIST randomness test throughput of binary bits. After randomization processing, binary bits obtained by D-Gray code quantization can have higher NIST randomness test passing rate.
As shown in fig. 19 and 20, in fig. 19, the number of consecutive sample index paragraphs when the quantization interval number is 4 is the case without setting the virtual threshold dividing line, and it can be seen from fig. 19 that the number of consecutive sample index paragraphs may be 5 and 6. In addition, fig. 20 shows the number of consecutive sample index paragraphs after the virtual threshold dividing line is set, and as can be seen from fig. 20, the number of consecutive sample index paragraphs smaller than 7 is almost 0, so that it is more difficult for a third party to obtain the interval of each sample.
In addition, assuming that N samples are generated per second, let the first discard zone be a small α and the second discard zone near the virtual threshold dividing line be a small αvirAfter negotiation between the information sending end and the information receiving end, the data can be used every secondThe sample point is less than (1-alpha)vir)N。
Specifically, a set of data is subjected to key generation by setting different alpha and alphavirAs shown in fig. 21, when α is 0.4, the number of samples discarded under different parameters is about 0.445N, and the key generation rate is hardly affected by the virtual threshold dividing line. When the number of quantization intervals employed is 4, 4 bits of binary bits can be generated per sample according to the above quantization method. Then 1.78N bits per second can be generated when alpha is 0.4.
Since the above embodiment also requires randomization of the binary bits in order to ensure randomness of the key. Assuming a bit selection ratio p in the re-randomization process, the final key generation rate is 1.78 pN. When the sample number N is 400 and p is 0.64, the key generation rate is 455.68 bits/s.
As shown in fig. 9, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a key generation apparatus applied to an information sending end that performs encrypted communication, including:
the first information collecting unit 910 is configured to collect channel state information after sending a communication start signal, where the channel state information includes channel state phase information.
A first phase correction unit 920, configured to perform phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method, and generate phase-corrected channel state phase information.
A first information quantization unit 930, configured to perform quantization processing on the phase-corrected channel state phase information based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, so as to generate binary bits with a preset length.
The first binary bit checking unit 940 is configured to check the binary bits with the preset length based on a preset checking algorithm, generate a check code, and send the check code to an information receiving end performing encryption communication with the information sending end, so that the information receiving end performs correction according to the check code.
The first key generating unit 950 is configured to randomly select a number of bits from the binary bits with the preset length to generate a communication key, and send an index of the selected number of bits to the information receiving end.
As shown in fig. 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a key generation apparatus applied to an information receiving end that performs encrypted communication, including:
a second information collecting unit 1010, configured to collect channel state information after a communication start signal is sent by an information sending end performing encrypted communication with the information receiving end, where the channel state information includes channel state phase information.
A second phase correction unit 1020, configured to perform phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information, and generate phase-corrected channel state phase information.
A second information quantization unit 1030, configured to perform quantization processing on the phase-corrected channel state phase information based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, and generate a binary bit with a preset length.
The second binary bit checking unit 1040 is configured to receive the check code sent by the information sending end, correct the binary bit with the preset length based on a preset checking algorithm, and generate a corrected binary bit.
The second key generation unit 1050 is configured to receive the index of the selected digit sent by the information sending end, and process the corrected binary digit according to the index of the selected digit to generate a communication key.
As a preferable aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, each of the two key generation apparatuses further includes:
and the time synchronization unit is used for synchronizing the timestamp information of the information sending end and the information receiving end according to a network protocol.
And the information screening unit is used for judging whether the acquired channel state phase information is within preset coherent time according to the synchronous timestamp information and acquiring the channel state phase information within the coherent time.
As another preferable aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the first phase correction unit 920 and the second phase correction unit 1020 each include:
and the phase information acquisition module is used for acquiring the acquired channel state phase information, wherein the channel state phase information comprises the channel state phase information of a plurality of subcarriers.
And the first correction value determining module is used for determining a first correction value by the acquired channel state phase information of the first subcarrier and the acquired channel state phase information of the last subcarrier.
And the second correction value determining module is used for calculating the average value of the acquired channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers and recording the average value as a second correction value.
And the phase correction module is used for correcting the acquired channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers based on the first correction value and the second correction value respectively to generate the channel state phase information after phase correction.
As another preferable aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, each of the two key generation apparatuses further includes:
and the information filtering module is used for filtering the channel state phase information after the phase correction based on a Savitzky-Golay filtering method and a sliding mean filtering method to generate the channel state phase information after filtering processing.
As another preferable aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, each of the first information quantizing unit 930 and the second information quantizing unit 1030 includes:
and the quantization interval quantity determining module is used for determining the quantity of quantization intervals according to the channel state phase information after the phase correction.
And the quantization interval dividing module is used for determining a threshold dividing line according to the number of the quantization intervals based on a cumulative distribution function and dividing the quantization intervals to be quantized in the channel state phase information after the phase correction according to the threshold dividing line.
And the first sample filtering module is used for setting a first abandon band near the threshold dividing line, removing the samples in the first abandon band in the quantization interval and generating a filtered quantization interval.
And the quantized sample length determining module is used for determining the quantized sample length according to the two groups of adjacent threshold dividing lines which are nearest to each other.
And the sample quantization module is used for quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the length of the quantization samples and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with preset length.
As another preferable aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, each of the first information quantizing unit 930 and the second information quantizing unit 1030 further includes:
a virtual threshold determination module, configured to determine a virtual threshold partition line according to the threshold partition line and the filtered samples in the quantization interval;
and the first sample filtering module is used for setting a second abandon band near the virtual threshold dividing line, removing the samples in the second abandon band in the quantized interval after filtering, and generating the quantized interval after secondary filtering.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a communication system is provided, which includes an information sending end and an information receiving end, where the information sending end generates a communication key by the above-mentioned corresponding side channel key generation method; the information receiving end generates a communication key by the corresponding side channel key generation method; and the information sending end and the information receiving end carry out encrypted communication through the generated communication key.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a communication device is provided, which includes an antenna, a controller, a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to execute the steps of the side channel key generation method; the controller is used for controlling the shaking antenna.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the above-described side channel key generation method.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments of the present invention are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in various embodiments may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above when the program is executed. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A side channel key generation method is applied to an information sending end for encrypted communication, and comprises the following steps:
after a communication starting signal is sent, acquiring channel state information, wherein the channel state information comprises channel state phase information;
based on a preset phase correction method, carrying out phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information;
based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, carrying out quantization processing on the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate binary bits with preset length;
based on a preset check algorithm, checking the binary bit with the preset length to generate a check code, and sending the check code to an information receiving end which is in encrypted communication with the information sending end so that the information receiving end can correct according to the check code;
randomly selecting digits from the binary digits of the preset length to generate a communication key, and sending the index of the selected digits to the information receiving end;
the step of performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information specifically includes:
acquiring the acquired channel state phase information, wherein the channel state phase information comprises channel state phase information of a plurality of subcarriers;
determining a first correction value based on the collected channel state phase information of the first subcarrier and the collected channel state phase information of the last subcarrier;
calculating the average value of the acquired channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers, and recording the average value as a second correction value;
respectively correcting the acquired channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers based on the first correction value and the second correction value to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information;
before the step of performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after phase correction based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate a binary bit with a preset length, the method further includes:
based on a Savitzky-Golay filtering method and a sliding mean filtering method, filtering the channel state phase information after phase correction to generate filtered channel state phase information;
the adaptive quantization method based on the cumulative distribution function quantizes the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate a binary bit with a preset length, and specifically includes:
quantizing the filtered channel state phase information based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate binary bits with preset length;
the adaptive quantization method based on the cumulative distribution function quantizes the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate a binary bit with a preset length, and specifically includes:
determining the number of quantization intervals according to the channel state phase information after the phase correction;
determining a threshold dividing line according to the number of the quantization intervals based on a cumulative distribution function, and dividing the quantization intervals to be quantized in the channel state phase information after the phase correction according to the threshold dividing line;
setting a first abandoned band near the threshold dividing line, removing samples in the quantization interval in the first abandoned band, and generating a filtered quantization interval;
determining the length of a quantized sample according to two groups of adjacent threshold dividing lines which are closest to each other;
quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the length of the quantization sample and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with preset length;
before the step of quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the quantization sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with a preset length, the method further includes:
determining a virtual threshold dividing line according to the threshold dividing line and the filtered samples in the quantization interval;
setting a second abandon band near the virtual threshold dividing line, removing samples in the second abandon band in the quantized interval after filtering, and generating a quantized interval after secondary filtering;
the step of quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the quantization sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with a preset length specifically includes:
and quantizing the samples in the quantization interval subjected to secondary filtering according to the length of the quantization sample and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate a binary bit with a preset length.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein before the step of performing phase correction on the collected channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information, the method further comprises:
synchronizing the timestamp information of the information sending end and the information receiving end according to a network protocol;
judging whether the acquired channel state phase information is within a preset coherence time according to the synchronized timestamp information, and acquiring the channel state phase information within the coherence time;
the step of performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information specifically includes:
and performing phase correction on the channel state phase information in the coherent time based on a preset phase correction method to generate the channel state phase information after the phase correction.
3. A side channel key generation method is characterized in that the side channel key generation method is applied to an information receiving end for encrypted communication, and comprises the following steps:
after an information sending end which carries out encryption communication with the information receiving end sends a communication starting signal, channel state information is collected, and the channel state information comprises channel state phase information;
based on a preset phase correction method, carrying out phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information;
based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function, carrying out quantization processing on the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate binary bits with preset length;
receiving a check code sent by the information sending end, correcting the binary digits with the preset length based on a preset check algorithm, and generating corrected binary digits;
receiving an index of a selected digit sent by the information sending end, and processing the corrected binary digit according to the index of the selected digit to generate a communication key;
the step of performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information specifically includes:
acquiring the acquired channel state phase information, wherein the channel state phase information comprises channel state phase information of a plurality of subcarriers;
determining a first correction value based on the collected channel state phase information of the first subcarrier and the collected channel state phase information of the last subcarrier;
calculating the average value of the acquired channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers, and recording the average value as a second correction value;
respectively correcting the acquired channel state phase information of the plurality of subcarriers based on the first correction value and the second correction value to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information;
before the step of performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after phase correction based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate a binary bit with a preset length, the method further includes:
based on a Savitzky-Golay filtering method and a sliding mean filtering method, filtering the channel state phase information after phase correction to generate filtered channel state phase information;
the adaptive quantization method based on the cumulative distribution function quantizes the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate a binary bit with a preset length, and specifically includes:
quantizing the filtered channel state phase information based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate binary bits with preset length;
the adaptive quantization method based on the cumulative distribution function quantizes the channel state phase information after the phase correction to generate a binary bit with a preset length, and specifically includes:
determining the number of quantization intervals according to the channel state phase information after the phase correction;
determining a threshold dividing line according to the number of the quantization intervals based on a cumulative distribution function, and dividing the quantization intervals to be quantized in the channel state phase information after the phase correction according to the threshold dividing line;
setting a first abandoned band near the threshold dividing line, removing samples in the quantization interval in the first abandoned band, and generating a filtered quantization interval;
determining the length of a quantized sample according to two groups of adjacent threshold dividing lines which are closest to each other;
quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the length of the quantization sample and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with preset length;
before the step of quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the quantization sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with a preset length, the method further includes:
determining a virtual threshold dividing line according to the threshold dividing line and the filtered samples in the quantization interval;
setting a second abandon band near the virtual threshold dividing line, removing samples in the second abandon band in the quantized interval after filtering, and generating a quantized interval after secondary filtering;
the step of quantizing the filtered samples in the quantization interval according to the quantization sample length and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate binary bits with a preset length specifically includes:
and quantizing the samples in the quantization interval subjected to secondary filtering according to the length of the quantization sample and based on a preset D-Gray code to generate a binary bit with a preset length.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein before the step of performing phase correction on the collected channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information, the method further comprises:
synchronizing the timestamp information of the information sending end and the information receiving end according to a network protocol;
judging whether the acquired channel state phase information is within a preset coherence time according to the synchronized timestamp information, and acquiring the channel state phase information within the coherence time;
the step of performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate phase-corrected channel state phase information specifically includes:
and performing phase correction on the channel state phase information in the coherent time based on a preset phase correction method to generate the channel state phase information after the phase correction.
5. A key generation device, which is applied to an information sending end for encrypted communication, comprises:
the first information acquisition unit is used for acquiring channel state information after a communication starting signal is sent, wherein the channel state information comprises channel state phase information;
the first phase correction unit is used for performing phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information based on a preset phase correction method to generate channel state phase information after phase correction;
the first information quantization unit is used for performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after the phase correction based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate binary bits with preset length;
the first binary bit checking unit is used for checking the binary bits with the preset length based on a preset checking algorithm to generate a checking code and sending the checking code to an information receiving end which is in encrypted communication with the information sending end so that the information receiving end can correct the checking code;
and the first key generation unit is used for randomly selecting digits from the binary digits with the preset length to generate a communication key and sending the index of the selected digits to the information receiving end.
6. A key generation device, which is applied to an information receiving end that performs encrypted communication, includes:
the second information acquisition unit is used for acquiring channel state information after an information sending end which performs encryption communication with the information receiving end sends a communication starting signal, wherein the channel state information comprises channel state phase information;
the second phase correction unit is used for carrying out phase correction on the acquired channel state phase information to generate channel state phase information after phase correction;
the second information quantization unit is used for performing quantization processing on the channel state phase information after the phase correction based on an adaptive quantization method of a cumulative distribution function to generate binary bits with preset length;
the second binary bit checking unit is used for receiving the check code sent by the information sending end, correcting the binary bit with the preset length based on a preset checking algorithm and generating a corrected binary bit;
and the second key generation unit is used for receiving the index of the selected digit sent by the information sending end and processing the corrected binary digit according to the index of the selected digit to generate the communication key.
7. A communication system comprising an information transmitting end and an information receiving end, wherein the information transmitting end generates a communication key by the side channel key generation method according to any one of claim 1 and claim 2.
8. A communication system comprising an information sending terminal and an information receiving terminal, wherein the information receiving terminal generates a communication key by the side channel key generation method according to any one of claim 3 and claim 4; and the information sending end and the information receiving end carry out encrypted communication through the generated communication key.
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