CN111144048B - Design optimization method of wave-transparent, invisible and heat-proof radome - Google Patents
Design optimization method of wave-transparent, invisible and heat-proof radome Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design optimization method of a wave-transparent, invisible and heat-proof radome, and belongs to the field of radome design. In order to convert a multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective optimization problem which is easier to solve under the condition of not introducing objective weight factors, the electrical property and the stealth property of the antenna housing are optimized synchronously, and a mapping relation between antenna housing design variables and state parameters is established; defining concrete expression forms of the design variables of the antenna housing; determining an objective function and a constraint condition in the antenna housing multidisciplinary design optimization problem; the stealth performance is represented by using the electrical performance index, and the dimensionality of a target function is reduced; and constructing a multidisciplinary optimization module and an analysis module of the antenna housing, obtaining sensitivity information, constructing a linear approximation function, and completing multidisciplinary design optimization by adopting a single-stage optimization algorithm. Therefore, the difficulty of optimization design is reduced, the performance of the antenna housing is synchronously optimal, and the design optimization period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of antenna housing design, and particularly relates to a design optimization method of a wave-transparent, invisible and heat-proof antenna housing.
Background
The force and thermal environment of a seeker antenna housing of the supersonic cruise missile is very harsh in the flight process, and the working environment temperature of a terminal guidance system and missile electronic equipment is generally not more than 80 ℃. Therefore, as an important thermal protection component and a structural bearing component, the antenna housing has the primary function of being capable of bearing a high-temperature and high-pressure environment faced by high-speed flight, and the terminal guidance system and the electronic equipment on the missile are effectively protected through a heat-proof design; secondly, in order to achieve the purpose of accurate guidance, the antenna housing is required to be capable of realizing the electrical performance matching design with high wave-transmitting performance and low aiming error; in addition, in order to improve the penetration performance and battlefield viability of the supersonic cruise missile, the radome also has the function of reducing the forward Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the missile.
In a word, the supersonic cruise missile radome has to meet the structural bearing requirement and simultaneously realize the integrated design of wave transmission, stealth and heat protection. Obviously, the antenna housing structural design is a parallel design mode integrating multiple disciplines such as aerodynamics, thermodynamics, electromagnetic field theory, stealth technology and the like, and needs to be optimized by adopting a multidisciplinary collaborative optimization technology.
Regarding the optimization problem of the multi-disciplinary design of the radome, the objective function is usually more than one due to the excellent performance of the state parameters of the plurality of different disciplinary fields. Therefore, such optimization is mostly a multi-objective optimization problem. For the multi-objective optimization problem, the objectives are mutually restricted through decision variables, and the optimization of one objective must be realized at the cost of deterioration of other objectives, and simultaneously, a plurality of sub-objectives are optimal, which is difficult to realize. In addition, the units of all the targets are often inconsistent, and the superiority and inferiority of multi-target problem solving are difficult to objectively evaluate.
In the multi-objective processing method, the existing method generally converts the multi-objective optimization problem into the single-objective optimization problem in a weighting mode. However, this method needs to preset a target weight, and the algorithm needs to be re-run every time the weight changes, so that the final result obtained is greatly affected by the weight. Moreover, the weight value is mostly unpredictable and can change along with the change of the environment.
In addition, in the patent "a method for optimizing a wearable electronic device system multidisciplinary design", it is proposed to use a Pareto domination relationship to obtain a set of solution sets that are not dominating each other, and to make a next decision according to an actual situation on the basis of the solution sets, but the Pareto solution tends to weaken at least one other objective function while improving the objective function.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to provide a design optimization method of a wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome, so that a multi-objective optimization problem is converted into a single-objective optimization problem which is easier to solve under the condition of not introducing objective weight factors, the electrical property and the stealth property of the radome are synchronously optimized, and the limitation of the existing processing method is overcome.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a design optimization method of a wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a design variable V consisting of independent variables V in the antenna housing design optimization process;
step two: determining a state parameter P consisting of physical quantities representing the structural strength, the thermal protection performance, the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing in the design optimization process of the antenna housing, wherein the state parameter P is a dependent variable changing along with the design variable V;
step three: acquiring the correlation characteristics of each physical quantity in the state parameter P of the antenna housing relative to each variable in the design variable V, and establishing a mapping relation between the design variable and the state parameter;
step four: constructing an optimization module for designing the antenna housing, wherein the optimization module consists of an objective function, a constraint condition and a design variable; wherein the objective function is: in the antenna scanning range omega, the L-shaped structure is arranged in the working frequency band of the antenna housing i The wave transmissivity and the working frequency band outside the gamma-ray o Maximum sum of reciprocal wave-transparent rates of
Wherein, T i (V,f i Theta) is gamma in the working frequency band of the radome i Wave-transmissivity of, T i (V,f o Theta) is the outer gamma of the operating frequency band of the radome o V is a design variable of the radome, f i ∈Γ i Is the working band frequency, f, of the radome imin And f imax Respectively, lowest frequency and highest frequency, f, in the operating band o ∈Γ o Is the working out-of-band frequency of the radome, f omin And f omax Are respectively working beltsThe lowest frequency and the highest frequency outside, theta is the antenna scanning angle and theta min And theta max Respectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the scanning angle;
step five: the method comprises the steps that an analysis module for antenna housing design is built, the antenna housing analysis module is composed of an analysis module for representing antenna housing state parameters, and physical quantities for representing antenna housing structural strength, thermal protection performance and electrical performance under the condition of a design variable V are calculated through the antenna housing analysis module;
step six: solving a global sensitivity equation by using the analysis module to obtain a design variable initial value V * Antenna housing state parameter sensitivity information nearby;
step seven: constructing a linear approximation function expression of each state parameter of the antenna housing by utilizing first-order Taylor series approximation;
step eight: replacing the state parameters in the objective function and the constraint condition in the optimization module by using the linear approximation function expression of each state parameter of the antenna housing; on the premise of meeting the constraint condition, calculating an objective function value corresponding to the design variable, and searching a design variable V corresponding to the maximum value of the objective function 1 * And calculating physical quantities representing the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing at the moment;
step nine: judging the design variable as V 1 * And C, representing whether the physical quantity of the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing meets the preset requirement or not, if so, optimizing the antenna housing to meet the requirement, otherwise, searching out the design variable V in the step eight 1 * And repeating the six-eight steps for a new design variable initial value until the physical quantity representing the electrical property and the stealth property of the antenna housing meets the preset requirement.
Further, the design variable V in the step one is one or several variable arrays of independent variable V, and the independent variable V comprises the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the quartz ceramic material r Thickness d of quartz ceramic material 1 Thickness d of silica aerogel material 2 The unit period p of the frequency selective surface FSS structure, the slot length l of the FSS structure and the slot width w of the FSS structure.
Further, the state parameter P in the second step includes: tensile stress F of physical quantity radome body for representing radome structural strength d And compressive stress F p Temperature field T in physical quantity radome representing thermal protection performance of radome, and in-band wave transmittance T of physical quantity radome representing electrical performance of radome i And an out-of-band radar scattering cross section RCS of the physical quantity radome for representing the stealth performance of the radome.
Further, the correlation characteristics of each physical quantity in the state parameter P of the radome in the third step with respect to each variable in the design variable V are obtained through the following steps:
(1) When the design variable V is an initial value V * Then, a certain physical quantity X = X0 in the antenna housing state parameters is calculated in a simulation mode;
(2) Altering design variables V * An argument v of (1) 0 Is v is 0 ' and if the other items are kept unchanged, simulating and calculating the physical quantity X = X1 in the antenna housing state parameter again;
(3) The expression |1-x1/x0|/| (v) is calculated 0 -v 0 ’)/(v max -v min ) In other words, the term argument v is not associated with the physical quantity X when the calculation result is less than 0.01, whereas the term argument v is associated with the physical quantity X.
Further, the correlation characteristics of each physical quantity in the state parameter P of the radome in the third step with respect to each variable in the design variable V are as follows: design variable ε r P, l, w and in-band wave-transmitting rate T of antenna housing i Design variable d associated with out-of-band radar scattering cross section RCS 1 、d 2 Tensile stress F between the radome body and the radome body d Compressive stress F p Temperature field T in antenna housing cover and in-band wave transmittance T of antenna housing i Associated with the out-of-band radar scattering cross section RCS; the mapping relation between the design variables and the state parameters established in the third step is as follows: establishing a design variable ε r 、d 1 、d 2 P, l, w and a state parameter F d 、F p 、T、T i RCS, establishing the mapping relationship between the state parameter V and the design variableThe expression of the relational function between them.
Further, the design variables in the fourth step are independent variables in the radome optimization design process; the constraint conditions in the fourth step are conditions which must be met in the process of optimizing and designing the antenna housing, and the constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, F d (V, ML) is the tensile stress of the radome body, F p (V, ML) is the compressive stress of the radome body, T (V, TL) is the temperature field in the radome body, ML and TL are the static load and the thermal load applied to the radome, F dmax And F pmax The maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress which can be borne by the radome without damage, T max Is the maximum temperature value allowed in the antenna housing.
Further, the radome analysis module in the fifth step is composed of three analysis modules representing radome state parameters, namely radome structural strength, thermal protection performance and electrical performance analysis modules, wherein the radome structural strength, thermal protection performance and electrical performance analysis modules are respectively a section of different software program, and physical quantities representing the radome structural strength, the thermal protection performance and the electrical performance are calculated; the radome structural strength analysis module is a software ANSYS structural analysis and calculation module, and is used for calculating the tensile stress F of the radome body under the condition of a design variable V d (V, ML) and compressive stress F p (V, ML) distribution; the radome thermal protection performance analysis module is a software ANSYS fluid dynamics analysis and calculation module and is used for calculating the distribution of a temperature field T (V, TL) in the radome under the condition of a design variable V; the radome electrical property analysis module is a software CST microwave working chamber module, and calculates the in-band wave transmittance T of the radome under the condition of a design variable V i (V,f i Theta) and out-of-band transmissivity T i (V,f o ,θ)。
Further, the radome global sensitivity equation in the step six is as follows:
partial differential on two sides of the equation is calculated by a software ANSYS structure analysis and calculation module, a software ANSYS fluid dynamics analysis and calculation module and a software CST microwave working chamber module, and the two formulas are solved to obtain sensitivity information dF related to the structural strength of the antenna housing d (V,ML)/dV、dF p (V, ML)/dV, sensitivity information dT (V, TL)/dV related to the thermal protection performance of the radome, and sensitivity information dT related to the electrical performance of the radome i (V,f i ,θ)/dV、dT i (V,f o θ)/dV, wherein F d (V, ML) is the tensile stress of the radome body, F p (V, ML) is the compressive stress of the radome body, T (V, TL) is the temperature field in the radome body, ML and TL are the static load and the thermal load applied to the radome, F dmax And F pmax The maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress which can be borne by the radome without damage, T max Is the maximum temperature value allowed in the antenna housing.
Further, the linear approximation function of each state parameter of the antenna cover in the seventh step is an expression,
further, the calculating the objective function value corresponding to the design variable in the eighth step is specifically calculating the objective function value corresponding to the design variable V within a range of V × 0.05 (Vmax-Vmin) and V × +0.05 (Vmax-Vmin), where V × V +0.05 (Vmax-Vmin) max Is the maximum value of V, V min Is the minimum value of V.
(III) advantageous effects
The design optimization method of the wave-transparent, stealthy and heat-proof radome provided by the invention has the main advantages that: under the condition of not introducing a target weight factor, the multi-target optimization solving problem is converted into a single-target optimization solving problem, the difficulty of optimization design is greatly reduced, the electrical property and the stealth property of the antenna housing can be synchronously optimized, and the design optimization period is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the FSS architecture of a 3 × 3 array of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a mapping relationship between the radome design variables and the state parameters of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimization module in the radome design process of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a loop iteration calculation in the radome design process of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows the in-band wave-transmissivity of the radome before and after optimization according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention is further described in detail by taking a quartz ceramic/silicon dioxide aerogel antenna housing with a Haake shape as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and determining independent variables V in the antenna housing design optimization process as an optimization design space of the design variable V, wherein the independent variables V are a group or a plurality of groups of variable arrays. In this embodiment, the relative dielectric constant ε of the quartz ceramic material r Thickness d of the quartz ceramic material 1 Thickness d of silica aerogel material 2 Cell period p of the FSS structure (shown in fig. 1), slot length l of the frequency selective surface FSS structure, and slot width w of the FSS structure.
Wherein epsilon r ∈[ε min ,ε max ]，ε min And epsilon max Respectively, a minimum value and a maximum value of the dielectric constant of a given quartz ceramic material, d 1 ∈[d 1min ,d 1max ]，d 1min And d 1max Respectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the given quartz ceramic material thickness,d 2 ∈[d 2min ,d 2max ]，d 2min and d 2max Respectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the thickness of the given aerogel material, and belongs to [ p ] min ,p max ]，p min And p max Respectively, the minimum and maximum values of the FSS unit period, l ∈ [ ] min ,l max ]，l min And l max Respectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the length of the FSS structure gap, w belongs to [ w ∈ [ [ w ] min ,w max ]，w min And w max The minimum value and the maximum value of the FSS structure gap width are respectively.
Step two: and determining a state parameter P consisting of physical quantities representing the structural strength, the thermal protection performance, the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing in the design optimization process of the antenna housing, wherein the state parameter P is a dependent variable changing along with a design variable V and is coupled together through the design variable. In this embodiment, the physical quantity characterizing the structural strength of the radome is the tensile stress F of the radome body d And compressive stress F p The physical quantity for representing the thermal protection performance of the antenna housing is a temperature field T in the antenna housing, and the physical quantity for representing the electrical performance of the antenna housing is the in-band wave transmittance T of the antenna housing i The physical quantity characterizing the stealth performance of the radome is the out-of-band radar scattering cross section RCS of the radome.
Step three: and obtaining the correlation characteristics of each physical quantity in the antenna housing state parameter P relative to each variable in the design variable V, and establishing a mapping relation between the design variable and the state parameter. Whether the design variables are associated with the state variables follows the following criteria:
(1) When the design variable V is an initial value V * Then, a certain physical quantity X = X0 in the antenna housing state parameters is calculated in a simulation mode;
(2) Altering design variables V * An argument v of (1) 0 Is v is 0 ' and if the other items are kept unchanged, simulating and calculating the physical quantity X = X1 in the antenna housing state parameter again;
(3) The expression |1-x1/x0|/| (v) is calculated 0 -v 0 ’)/(v max -v min ) If the calculation result is less than 0.01, the independent variable v is not related to the physical quantity X, otherwise, the independent variable v is not related to the physical quantity XThe quantity X is correlated.
In this embodiment, following the above criteria, the design variable ε is obtained r P, l, w and in-band wave-transmitting rate T of antenna housing i Design variable d associated with out-of-band radar cross-section RCS 1 、d 2 Tensile stress F between the radome body and the radome body d Compressive stress F p Temperature field T in antenna housing cover and in-band wave transmittance T of antenna housing i Relating to the RCS of the scattering cross section of the out-of-band radar and establishing a design variable epsilon r 、d 1 、d 2 P, l, w and a state parameter F d 、F p 、T、T i And the RCS, and establishing a relational function expression between the state parameter V and the design variable, as shown in FIG. 2.
Step four: and constructing an optimization module for antenna housing design.
The optimization module for the antenna housing design consists of an objective function, constraint conditions and design variables, and all the parts are in parallel relation.
The design variable is an independent variable in the radome optimization design process, and is V (epsilon) in the embodiment r ,d 1 ,d 2 P, l, w) are with respect to the variable ε r 、d 1 、d 2 Arrays of p, l and w.
The objective function is a mathematical dependent variable characterizing the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the radome, and there are two objective functions in this embodiment, which are respectively Ω (= [ θ ]) in the antenna scanning range min ,θ max ]) Bottom L-shaped antenna housing within working frequency band i (＝[f imin ,f imax ]) The sum of wave transmittances approaches the maximum
And the radome has a gamma shape outside the working frequency band o (＝[f omin ,f omax ]) Is approached to a minimum->
For the antenna housing with determined bus shape, the out-of-band wave transmittance T is adopted i (V,f o Theta) and gamma o (＝[f omin ,f omax ]) The RCS of (a) is inversely correlated, and can be indirectly used for representing the stealth performance of the antenna housing. To reduce the number of objective functions. In this embodiment, the outline of the radome is a haake shape, the number of objective functions is reduced to one, and the number is equal to Γ in the radome operating frequency band within the antenna scanning range Ω i The wave transmissivity and the working frequency band outside the gamma-ray o Maximum sum of reciprocal wave-transparent rates of
Wherein V = V (ε) r ,d 1 ,d 2 P, l, w) is the design variable of the radome, f i ∈Γ i Is the working band frequency, f, of the radome imin And f imax Respectively, lowest frequency and highest frequency, f, in the operating band o ∈Γ o Is the working out-of-band frequency of the radome, f omin And f omax Respectively the lowest frequency and the highest frequency outside the working band, theta is the antenna scanning angle and theta is the maximum frequency min And theta max Respectively, the minimum and maximum scan angle.
The constraint condition is a condition that must be satisfied in the radome optimization design process, and is a set of inequalities, which in this embodiment is:
where ML and TL are the static and thermal loads imposed on the radome, F dmax And F pmax The maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress which can be borne by the radome without damage, T max Is the maximum temperature value allowed in the antenna housing.
Fig. 3 is a radome design optimization module constructed in the present embodiment.
Step five: and constructing an analysis module for the antenna housing design.
The antenna housing analysis module is composed of three analysis modules representing antenna housing state parameters and is an antenna housing structural strength analysis module, a thermal protection performance analysis module and an electrical performance analysis module. The antenna housing structural strength, thermal protection performance and electrical performance analysis modules are respectively a section of different software programs, and physical quantities for representing the antenna housing structural strength, the thermal protection performance and the electrical performance are calculated.
In this embodiment, the radome structural strength analysis module is a software ANSYS structural analysis and calculation module, and calculates the tensile stress F of the radome body under the condition of the design variable V d (V, ML) and compressive stress F p (V, ML) distribution; the antenna housing thermal protection performance analysis module is a software ANSYS fluid dynamics analysis and calculation module, and is used for calculating the distribution of a temperature field T (V, TL) in the antenna housing under the condition of a design variable V; the antenna housing electrical property analysis module is a software CST microwave working chamber module, and calculates the in-band wave transmittance T of the antenna housing under the condition of design variable V i (V,f i Theta) and out-of-band transmissivity T i (V,f o ,θ)。
Step six: solving the global sensitivity equation shown in the formula (1) to obtain the initial value V of the design variable * And nearby radome state parameter sensitivity information dPM/dV, dPT/dV and dPE/dV.
Wherein PM is a physical quantity for representing the structural strength of the antenna housing, PT is a physical quantity for representing the thermal protection performance of the antenna housing, PE is a physical quantity for representing the electrical performance of the antenna housing, and I is a unit array with the same dimension as a design variable V. Partial differential of the left and right sides of equation (1) (e.g. partial differential
) And calculating by an antenna housing analysis module.
In the present embodiment, the radome global sensitivity equation is specifically expressed as formula (2) and formula (3). Partial differentiation on both sides of the equation (e.g. partial differentiation of two sides of the equation)
) The device is obtained by calculating a software ANSYS structure analysis and calculation module, a software ANSYS fluid dynamics analysis and calculation module and a software CST microwave working chamber module. Solving the formula (2) and the formula (3) to obtain sensitivity information dF related to the structural strength of the antenna housing d (V,ML)/dV、dF p (V, ML)/dV, sensitivity information dT (V, TL)/dV related to the thermal protection performance of the radome, and sensitivity information dT related to the electrical performance of the radome i (V,f i ,θ)/dV、dT i (V,f o ,θ)/dV。
Step seven: and (3) constructing a linear approximation function expression (shown in the formula (4)) of each state parameter of the antenna housing by using first-order Taylor series approximation, and removing the coupling relation among the state parameters. The linear approximation function is only at the initial value V of the design variable * The neighborhood ranges V x-0.05 (Vmax-Vmin) and V x +0.05 (Vmax-Vmin) in the vicinity are valid.
In the present embodiment, the linear approximation function of each state parameter of the radome is an expression shown in equation (5).
Step eight: and replacing the state parameters in the objective function and the constraint condition in the optimization module by using the linear approximation function expression of each state parameter of the antenna housing. Under the premise of meeting the constraint condition, calculating the objective function value corresponding to the design variable V in the range of V x-0.05 (Vmax-Vmin) and V x +0.05 (Vmax-Vmin), and searching the maximum value of the objective function corresponding to the maximum valueIs designed variable V 1 * And calculating the physical quantity representing the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the radome at the moment, namely the in-band wave transmittance T of the radome in the embodiment i And out-of-band radar cross-section RCS.
Step nine: judging the design variable as V 1 * And then whether the physical quantity representing the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing meets the preset requirement or not. If yes, the antenna housing optimization meets the requirements, otherwise, the design variable V searched out in the step eight 1 * And repeating the six-eight steps for a new design variable initial value until the physical quantity representing the electrical property and the stealth property of the antenna housing meets the preset requirement. In the embodiment, the in-band wave transmittance T of the antenna housing is achieved i And (4) performing loop iteration calculation for optimal RCS performance of the out-of-band radar scattering cross section, as shown in figure 4.
The advantages of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulation experiments:
the simulation parameters are as follows:
in the design of a quartz ceramic/silica aerogel radome with a certain haake-shaped appearance, the generatrix equation of the radome in an x-y coordinate system is as follows: y/R max ＝[(2-x/L tb )·x/L tb ] 3/4 (ii) a Wherein, the radius of the bottom of the antenna housing is R max =100mm, length of radome is L tb ＝550mm。
Quartz ceramic material with relative dielectric constant epsilon r 3-3.2, the thickness d of the quartz ceramic material 1 3mm-20mm, thickness d of silicon dioxide aerogel 2 The width of the slot is 5mm-30mm, the FSS unit period p is 5mm-15mm, the slot length l of the FSS structure is 0-p/2, and the slot width w of the FSS structure is 0.1mm-0.5mm.
The static load ML is a static force which lasts for 5min and has a pressure of 0.5MPa and is applied to the outer surface of the antenna housing, the heat load TL is a maximum tensile stress F which can be borne by the antenna housing under the condition that the temperature of the outer surface of the antenna housing is maintained within 6min and the antenna housing is not damaged dmax And compressive stress F pmax 10MPa and 12.5MPa respectively, and the maximum temperature value T allowed in the antenna housing max The temperature was 80 ℃.
The antenna housing is required to be in a scanning range of-2Wave transmission rate T within 8-28 degrees and within 9.5-10.5 GHz of working frequency band i More than 70 percent, and the forward +/-45-degree RCS mean value of the radome outside the working frequency band at 2GHz-8GHz is less than 0.07m 2 。
Simulation content and results
Taking the antenna housing design variable initial value as epsilon r ＝3.1、d 1 ＝14mm、d 2 =10mm, p =10mm, l =8mm, w =0.3mm, and the antenna housing design optimization method of the invention is utilized to obtain the antenna housing which not only bears static load ML and thermal load TL, but also satisfies antenna housing in-band wave-transparent rate T through 18 times of cyclic iterative computation i And the design variable value required by the out-of-band RCS index. Table 1 shows the structural parameters and state parameters F of the radome before and after optimization d 、F p And T. Table 2 is the forward ± 45 ° RCS mean at typical frequency points for the radome before and after optimization. Fig. 5 shows wave-transparent rates of the radome in the operating frequency band before and after optimization.
As can be seen from Table 1, the optimized antenna cover has physical quantities F for representing structural strength and thermal protection performance under given static load ML and thermal load TL d 、F p And T meets preset requirements. As can be seen from fig. 5 and table 2, the in-band wave transmittance and the out-of-band RCS of the optimized antenna shield both meet the preset index requirements, and are significantly better than the results before optimization.
Table 1 radome parameter values before and after optimization
TABLE 2 Forward ± 45 ° RCS mean statistics at typical frequency points before and after optimization
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A design optimization method for a wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a design variable V consisting of independent variables V in the design optimization process of the antenna housing;
step two: determining a state parameter P consisting of physical quantities representing the structural strength, the thermal protection performance, the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing in the design optimization process of the antenna housing, wherein the state parameter P is a dependent variable changing along with the design variable V;
step three: obtaining the correlation characteristics of each physical quantity in the state parameter P of the antenna housing relative to each variable in the design variable V, and establishing a mapping relation between the design variable and the state parameter;
step four: constructing an optimization module for antenna housing design, wherein the optimization module consists of an objective function, a constraint condition and a design variable; wherein the objective function is: in the antenna scanning range omega, the L-shaped structure is arranged in the working frequency band of the antenna housing i The wave transmissivity and the working frequency band outside the gamma-ray o Maximum sum of reciprocal wave-transparent rates of
Wherein, T i (V,f i Theta) is the inverse angle within the working frequency band of the radome i Wave-transmissivity of, T i (V,f o Theta) is the outer gamma of the operating frequency band of the radome o V is a design variable of the radome, f i ∈Γ i Is the working band frequency, f, of the radome imin And f imax Respectively, lowest frequency and highest frequency, f, in the operating band o ∈Γ o Is the working out-of-band frequency of the radome, f omin And f omax Respectively the lowest frequency and the highest frequency outside the working band, theta epsilon is the antenna scanning angle, theta min And theta max Respectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the scanning angle;
step five: the method comprises the steps that an analysis module for antenna housing design is built, the antenna housing analysis module is composed of an analysis module for representing antenna housing state parameters, and physical quantities for representing antenna housing structural strength, thermal protection performance and electrical performance under the condition of a design variable V are calculated through the antenna housing analysis module;
step six: solving a global sensitivity equation by using the analysis module to obtain a design variable initial value V * Antenna housing state parameter sensitivity information nearby;
step seven: constructing a linear approximation function expression of each state parameter of the antenna housing by utilizing first-order Taylor series approximation;
step eight: replacing the state parameters in the objective function and the constraint condition in the optimization module by the linear approximate function expression of each state parameter of the antenna housing; on the premise of meeting the constraint condition, calculating an objective function value corresponding to the design variable, and searching a design variable V corresponding to the maximum value of the objective function 1 * And calculating the physical quantity representing the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing at the moment;
step nine: judging the design variable as V 1 * And C, representing whether the physical quantity of the electrical performance and the stealth performance of the antenna housing meets the preset requirement or not, if so, optimizing the antenna housing to meet the requirement, otherwise, searching out the design variable V in the step eight 1 * And repeating the six-step to the eight-step operation for a new design variable initial value until the physical quantity representing the electrical property and the stealth property of the antenna housing meets the preset requirement.
2. The method for optimizing the design of a wave-transparent, stealth, thermal radome of claim 1, wherein the design variable V of one of the steps is one or more sets of variable arrays of an independent variable V, the independent variable V comprising a relative dielectric constant epsilon of the quartz ceramic material r Thickness d of quartz ceramic material 1 Thickness d of silica aerogel material 2 The unit period p of the frequency selective surface FSS structure, the slot length l of the FSS structure and the slot width w of the FSS structure.
3. Design optimization method for wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome according to claim 2The method is characterized in that the state parameter P in the second step includes: tensile stress F of physical quantity radome body for representing radome structural strength d And compressive stress F p Temperature field T in physical quantity radome representing thermal protection performance of radome, and in-band wave transmittance T of physical quantity radome representing electrical performance of radome i And an out-of-band radar scattering cross section RCS of the physical quantity radome for representing the stealth performance of the radome.
4. The design optimization method for the wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome of claim 1, wherein the correlation characteristics of each physical quantity in the state parameter P of the radome in the third step with respect to each variable in the design variable V are obtained by the following steps:
(1) When the design variable V is an initial value V * Then, simulating and calculating a certain physical quantity X = X0 in the state parameter of the antenna housing;
(2) Altering design variables V * An argument v of (1) 0 Is v 0 ', other items are kept unchanged, and physical quantity X = X1 in the state parameter of the antenna housing is simulated and calculated again;
(3) The expression |1-x1/x0|/| (v) is calculated 0 -v 0 ’)/(v max -v min ) If the calculation result is less than 0.01, the term argument v is not associated with the physical quantity X, whereas the term argument v is associated with the physical quantity X.
5. The design optimization method for the wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome of claim 3, wherein the correlation characteristics of each physical quantity in the state parameter P of the radome in the third step with respect to each variable in the design variable V are as follows: design variable ε r P, l, w and in-band wave-transmitting rate T of antenna housing i Design variable d associated with out-of-band radar scattering cross section RCS 1 、d 2 Tensile stress F between the radome body and the radome body d Compressive stress F p Temperature field T in antenna housing cover and in-band wave transmittance T of antenna housing i Associated with the out-of-band radar scattering cross section RCS; in the third stepThe mapping relation between the design variables and the state parameters is established as follows: establishing a design variable ε r 、d 1 、d 2 P, l, w and a state parameter F d 、F p 、T、T i And the mapping relation between the RCS and the state parameter V is established, and a relation function expression between the state parameter V and the design variable is established.
6. The design optimization method for the wave-transparent, stealth, and thermal protection radome of claim 1, wherein the design variables in the fourth step are independent variables in the radome optimization design process; the constraint conditions in the fourth step are conditions which must be met in the process of optimizing and designing the antenna housing, and the constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, F d (V, ML) is the tensile stress of the radome body, F p (V, ML) is the compressive stress of the radome body, T (V, TL) is the temperature field in the radome body, ML and TL are the static load and the thermal load applied to the radome, F dmax And F pmax The maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress which can be borne by the radome without damage, T max Is the maximum temperature value allowed in the antenna housing.
7. The design optimization method of the wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome of claim 1, wherein the radome analysis module in the fifth step is composed of three analysis modules representing radome state parameters, namely, radome structural strength, heat protection performance and electrical performance analysis modules, and the radome structural strength, heat protection performance and electrical performance analysis modules are respectively a section of different software program and calculate physical quantities representing radome structural strength, heat protection performance and electrical performance; the radome structural strength analysis module is a software ANSYS structural analysis and calculation module, and is used for calculating the tensile stress F of the radome body under the condition of a design variable V d (V, ML) and compressive stress F p (V, ML) distribution;the radome thermal protection performance analysis module is a software ANSYS fluid dynamics analysis and calculation module and is used for calculating the distribution of a temperature field T (V, TL) in the radome under the condition of a design variable V; the radome electrical property analysis module is a software CST microwave working chamber module, and calculates the in-band wave transmittance T of the radome under the condition of a design variable V i (V,f i Theta) and out-of-band transmissivity T i (V,f o ,θ)。
8. The design optimization method for the wave-transparent, stealth and heat-proof radome of claim 7, wherein the radome global sensitivity equation in the sixth step is two formulas:
partial differential on two sides of the equation is calculated by a software ANSYS structure analysis and calculation module, a software ANSYS fluid dynamics analysis and calculation module and a software CST microwave working chamber module, and the two formulas are solved to obtain sensitivity information dF related to the structural strength of the antenna housing d (V,ML)/dV、dF p (V, ML)/dV, sensitivity information dT (V, TL)/dV related to the thermal protection performance of the radome, and sensitivity information dT related to the electrical performance of the radome i (V,f i ,θ)/dV、dT i (V,f o θ)/dV, wherein F d (V, ML) is the tensile stress of the radome body, F p (V, ML) is the compressive stress of the radome body, T (V, TL) is the temperature field in the radome body, ML and TL are the static load and the thermal load applied to the radome, F dmax And F pmax The maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress which can be borne by the radome without damage, T max Is the maximum temperature value allowed in the antenna housing.
9. The design optimization method for the wave-transparent, stealth, and thermal protection radome of claim 8, wherein the linear approximation function of each state parameter of the radome in the seventh step is an expression,
10. the design optimization method for the wave-transparent, stealth, and thermal protection radome of claim 1, wherein the step eight of calculating the objective function value corresponding to the design variable is to calculate the objective function value corresponding to the design variable V within a range of V x-0.05 (Vmax-Vmin) and V x +0.05 (Vmax-Vmin), where V x-Vmin max Is the maximum value of V, V min Is the minimum value of V.
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