CN111125274A - Basic geographic information visualization method based on distributed computation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic information visualization, and particularly relates to a basic geographic information visualization method based on distributed computing. The invention integrates vector data of a research area, namely geographical coordinate information, spatial position information and administrative division information; digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, i.e., geographic coordinate information, elevation information, terrain information for the area; thematic product data comprises normalized vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution data and enhanced vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution data of the region; data filling and data accuracy and integrity checking are carried out through methods such as STSG and topology checking; adopting geotrellis as a calculation framework and Spark as a calculation engine to perform data slicing calculation on thematic product data; an integrated distributed storage frame Hadoop and a database Accumulo are used as distributed data storage supports; and supports basic geographic information visualization operation of the research area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic information visualization, and particularly relates to a basic geographic information visualization method based on distributed computing.
Background
The database is a data set which is stored together in a certain mode, can be shared by a plurality of users, has the smallest redundancy, is independent from an application program, is a place for storing electronic files, supports operations such as adding, inquiring, updating, deleting and the like of stored contents in the database, is beneficial to storing and managing a large amount of and various data, and is mainly divided into a relational database and a non-relational database, wherein the relational database is based on key value pairs, has high performance, no coupling among data and good expansibility; distributed computing is a computing science that solves the problem of large-scale computing by using the idle processing capacity of the central processing unit of a computer on the internet, can balance computing load on a plurality of computers through distributed computing, and can place programs on any computer suitable for running the distributed computing;
because the acquired thematic product data are synthesized by the satellite and have some data loss, the thematic product data need to be subjected to noise reduction before being used.
Spatial-Temporal Savitzky-golay (stsg) is a new noise reduction method that makes full use of information provided by neighboring pixels and years of data to help reduce noise for data of a particular year, assuming that the cloud-covered region in the remote-sensed image data is discontinuous. The method comprises three main steps, taking normalized vegetation index (NDVI) as an example:
1. an initial time series of target pixel values is estimated by observing some pixel values within the target pixel neighborhood.
The initial NDVI estimate for the target pixel at day i of year j is expressed as:
wherein
Representing the weighted contribution of the different pixels; n is the number of similar pixel values;
is a similar pixelk estimated target pixel.
The different similar pixel values do not contribute the same to the target pixel value, so for the target pixel and similar pixel k, the ratio of the NDVI observation to the reference NDVI is expressed as follows:
wherein
And
is the observed value of NDVI on day i of year j;
and
is the reference value for NDVI on day i of year j.
From the above two equations, a linear transfer function between the target pixel and the similar pixel is obtained:
wherein a is the slope and b is the intercept.
With expressions (2) and (3) combined, the NDVI of the target pixel can be estimated from the similar pixel k by expression (4):
2. the initial estimate is integrated with the original time series of target pixels to generate a new time series.
Reserving pixel values with good quality in the original time sequence; for poor quality pixel values, replace by an initial NDVI estimate; for pixel values without data, comparing the original NDVI with its initial estimate and selecting the larger value between them based on the negative biased NDVI noise; thus, a new time series is synthesized.
3. In the new time series, the weight value of each pixel is further determined, and the time series is smoothed by using a weighted SG filter.
The distance of the ith NDVI point in the j year is expressed by formula (5):
where m is the number of NDVI points in the year and ∪ is a union operator.
In the synthesized NDVI time series, the weight of each NDVI is determined by
The greater the distance, the greater the weight, which is expressed as equation (6):
rice is an important food crop, and the population of 1/2 worldwide takes rice as staple food. Rice is an important grain and economic crop in China, the rice production capacity of China every year is extremely large, staple food is provided for over 60% of people, and contribution is made to guaranteeing grain safety. In the rice production process, the application methods of pesticides and fertilizers, such as controlling the application times and dosage of pesticides for different plant diseases and insect pests, selecting pesticide varieties, adopting different fertilization treatments and the like, have important influence on the yield of rice. The construction of a basic geographic information database mainly taking a rice planting area as a core is beneficial to the estimation of rice yield, the estimation of rice area, the prediction and forecast of rice diseases and insect pests and the like, and can greatly improve the rice yield of China to a certain extent.
At present, vector data of each region can be acquired through Global Administrative Areas, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data can be acquired through EARTHDATA, and thematic product data can also be acquired through the United States Geological Survey (USGS); however, a data set with strong application pertinence does not exist at present, and a map service frame and a map display frame are not combined to perform two-dimensional plane map and three-dimensional terrain visualization operation on vector data, digital elevation data and thematic product data of an area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation that the basic geographic information is rich but the applicability is low, the invention provides a basic geographic information visualization method based on distributed computation, which takes a main rice planting area in China as a core area and a cross-border cross-regional area bordered on land as an auxiliary area; the method integrates vector data of a research area, namely geographical coordinate information, spatial position information and administrative division information; digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, i.e., geographic coordinate information, elevation information, terrain information for the area; thematic product data comprises normalized vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution data and enhanced vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution data of the region; data filling and data accuracy and integrity checking are carried out through methods such as STSG and topology checking; adopting geotrellis as a calculation framework and Spark as a calculation engine to perform data slicing calculation on thematic product data; an integrated distributed storage frame Hadoop and a database Accumulo are used as distributed data storage supports; and supports basic geographic information visualization operation of the research area.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for visualizing basic geographic information based on distributed computing, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step 1: acquiring basic geographic information of main rice planting areas in China, comprising the following steps: vector data, namely geographical coordinate information, spatial position information and administrative division information of the area; digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, i.e., geographic coordinate information, elevation information, terrain information for the area; thematic product data comprise a normalized vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution map and an enhanced vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution map of the region;
step 2: carrying out topology check on the spatial position information in the vector data acquired in the step 1 to ensure the completeness and accuracy of boundary information; adding corresponding attribute fields, namely Chinese/English names of provinces/cities/districts of the region and corresponding administrative division codes to the vector data; performing space-time filtering processing on the data distribution of the special product acquired in the step 1 by adopting STSG (standard test set generator), and performing data filling on original data to ensure the integrity and reliability of the data;
and step 3: slicing and warehousing and storing the thematic product data processed in the step 2 by a distributed computing method according to levels;
and 4, step 4: the vector data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data are subjected to storage, visualization parameter setting and release service in a storage mode by combining a related map service framework;
and 5: and combining a related map display frame, performing two-dimensional plane display on vector data of a main rice planting area in China, performing three-dimensional display on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, and performing superposition display on thematic product data on the vector data.
Further, the main rice planting areas in China are the areas of eight provinces in the south of China, namely, Fujian province, Guangdong province, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Hainan province, Chongqing city, Sichuan province, Guizhou province and Yunnan province; the cross-border region is southeast Asia region bordering on land in the main rice planting region, namely Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Thailand and Cambodia; the trans-regional area is the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river bordered by land in the main rice planting area, namely Shanghai city, Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province, Anhui province, Jiangxi province, Hunan province and Hubei province.
Furthermore, in the step 2, a large amount of priori knowledge needs to be combined to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data for the topology check of the administrative region data, and the added attribute fields specifically include chinese and english names and administrative division codes of provincial regions, chinese and english names and administrative division codes of city-level regions, and chinese and english names and administrative division codes of district/county-level regions; STSG is adopted for filling methods of thematic data products.
Furthermore, in the step 3, geotrellis is used as a computing frame and Spark is used as a computing engine for slicing the thematic product data, and Hadoop and Accumulo are used as distributed data storage supports for warehousing processing.
Further, the vector data of all regions are specifically from Global Administrative Areas; the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is specifically from EARTHDATA or unmanned aerial vehicle measured DEM data; the administrative division code data is from a national geographic information resource directory service system; topical product data was from the United States Geological Survey (USGS).
Further, the map service framework adopted by the vector data and the thematic product data of the main rice planting areas in the step 4 is GEOSERVER specifically; the map service framework adopted by the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is specifically Google earth entry rule.
Further, the map display frame adopted by the vector data and the thematic product data of the main rice planting areas in the step 5 is specifically Openlayers; the map display frame adopted by the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is Cesium; the display of the thematic product data is established on the basis of vector data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data.
Furthermore, the visualization method can be used for increasing, deleting, modifying and checking the data in the database by combining with the latest data issued by Global administrative areas and national geographic information resource directory service systems according to actual application requirements, and can be used for displaying vector data (two-dimensional plane maps), Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data (three-dimensional terrains) and thematic product data on any platform supporting a map display frame.
The invention takes the migration of rice diseases and insect pests into consideration, so that the relevant data of southeast Asia areas and middle and lower reaches areas of Yangtze river bordering on land in the main rice planting area are increased on the basis of taking the main rice planting area as a core area. In addition, the invention respectively visualizes the two-dimensional plane map and the three-dimensional terrain on the basic geographic information of the research area by considering the close and deep combination of the database and the practical application, namely the reduction of the pesticide and fertilizer of the rice and the prediction and forecast of the diseases and the insect pests of the rice, so that professionals can further analyze the basic geographic information in combination with the relevant areas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a basic geographic information visualization method based on distributed computing, which organically combines the existing rich basic geographic information.
(2) Compared with the traditional data processing and warehousing technology, the method carries out data processing by methods such as STSG and topology inspection; adopting geotrellis as a calculation framework and Spark as a calculation engine to calculate the data slice; the method comprises the steps that an integrated distributed storage frame Hadoop and a database Accumulo are used as distributed data storage supports;
(3) meanwhile, the basic geographic information of the research area is respectively visualized by a two-dimensional plane map and a three-dimensional terrain, so that professionals can further analyze the basic geographic information by combining with related areas, and the database is closely and deeply combined with the practical application, namely reduction of pesticide and fertilizer application of rice and prediction and forecast of rice diseases and insect pests.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows all the regions included in the database according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the complete and accurate field information after adding the attribute information according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows vector data and topical product data distributed in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data published in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a visualization effect of vector data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graphical illustration of the visualization of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the data visualization effect of a topical product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples:
example (b):
a basic geographic information visualization method based on distributed computing comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing data:
vector data of main rice planting Areas and trans-border trans-regional Areas in China come from Global Administrative Areas; digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is from EARTHDATA or drone measured DEM data; administrative division code data come from a national geographic information resource directory service system; topical product data was from the United States Geological Survey (USGS); vector data can change along with factors of politics, economy, nationality, population, national defense, historical traditions and the like, and corresponding administrative division codes of all areas can be adjusted correspondingly; digital Elevation Model (DEM) data may change slowly with changes in land use; topical product data is also updated over time.
Step 2: data processing:
sorting the vector data obtained in the step 1, wherein fig. 2 shows all regions included in the data storage of the invention, namely, the eight provinces city in south-west, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, and southeast Asia; topology inspection is carried out on the boundary of administrative division data in the vector data, which relates to land bordering, so that the completeness and accuracy of boundary information are ensured; adding attribute information including Chinese and English names and administrative region code data from a national geographic information resource directory service system to the vector data acquired in the step 1; performing space-time filtering processing on thematic product data by adopting STSG (standard timing control group), and performing data filling on original data; fig. 3 is attribute information added to vector data in the present embodiment; fig. 4 shows Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of the donor nationality autonomous state/Cen Scoring county area of the Guizhou province/Guizhou southeast Miao nationality in this embodiment.
And step 3: and (3) data slicing and warehousing:
adopting geotrellis as a calculation frame and Spark as a calculation engine to perform slicing calculation on the thematic product data processed in the step 2, and performing slicing storage on the thematic product according to different resolutions; the data storage adopts a distributed storage frame Hadoop and a database Accumulo.
And 4, step 4: map publishing service:
and (3) respectively issuing the map service to all the basic geographic information processed in the step (2). Wherein, Geosever is adopted for vector data and thematic product data, corresponding publishing parameters are set for publishing the two-dimensional plane map, and vector data and thematic product data which are successfully published are shown in fig. 5; for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, Googleearth entrprise is adopted, corresponding publishing parameters are set to publish three-dimensional terrain, and as shown in fig. 6, successful publishing of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of the Dong nationality autonomous state/Cen Scoring county of Guizhou province/Qian southeast Miao nationality is realized.
And 5: and (3) map display:
the map service published in step 4 can be visualized on any platform that supports a map presentation framework. The vector data is realized by adopting a front-end map display framework Openlayers, and the visualization effect of the vector data in the embodiment is shown in fig. 7; the visualization of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is realized by adopting a front-end map display frame Cesium, and the visualization effect of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in the embodiment is shown in FIG. 8; as shown in fig. 9, the visualization effect of the special product data superimposed on the basis of the vector data in the embodiment is shown.
Claims (7)
1. A basic geographic information visualization method based on distributed computing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining basic geographic information of main rice planting areas in China, comprising the following steps: vector data, namely geographical coordinate information, spatial position information and administrative division information of the area; digital elevation model data, namely geographical coordinate information, elevation information and terrain information of the area; thematic product data comprise normalized vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution data and enhanced vegetation index time sequence spatial distribution data of the region;
step 2, carrying out topology check on the spatial position information in the vector data acquired in the step 1 to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the boundary information, and adding corresponding attribute fields, namely Chinese/English names of provinces/cities/districts of the region and corresponding administrative division codes to the vector data; performing space-time filtering on the thematic product data acquired in the step 1 by adopting STSG filtering, and filling data in the original data to ensure the integrity and reliability of the data;
step 3, slicing and warehousing storage are carried out on the thematic product data processed in the step 2 according to the levels by adopting a distributed computing method;
step 4, combining a relevant map service framework, and performing visual parameter setting and publishing service on the vector data, the digital elevation model data and the thematic product data;
and 5, combining a related map display frame, performing two-dimensional plane display on vector data and thematic product data of the Chinese main rice planting area, and performing three-dimensional stereo display on the digital elevation model, wherein the thematic product data is displayed on the vector data in a superposition manner.
2. The method for visualizing the basic geographic information based on the distributed computing as recited in claim 1, wherein: the main rice planting areas in China are the areas of eight provinces in the southwest of China, namely Fujian province, Guangdong province, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Hainan province, Chongqing city, Sichuan province, Guizhou province and Yunnan province.
3. The method for visualizing the basic geographic information based on the distributed computing as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, geotrellis is used as a computing frame and Spark is used as a computing engine for slicing the thematic product data, and Hadoop and Accumulo are used as distributed data storage supports for warehousing processing.
4. The method for visualizing the basic geographic information based on the distributed computing as recited in claim 1, wherein: the vector data of the main rice planting Areas in China are from Global administerive Areas; the digital elevation model data is specifically from EARTHDATA or unmanned aerial vehicle measured digital elevation model data; the administrative division code data is from a national geographic information resource directory service system; topical product data was from the U.S. geological survey.
5. The method for visualizing the basic geographic information based on the distributed computing as recited in claim 1, wherein: the map service framework adopted by the vector data and the thematic product data of the main rice planting areas in China in the step 4 is GEOSERVER; the map service framework adopted by the digital elevation model data is specifically Google Earth earth.
6. The method for visualizing the basic geographic information based on the distributed computing as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step 5, a map display frame adopted by the vector data and the thematic product data of the main rice planting areas in China is specifically Openlayers; the map display frame adopted by the digital elevation model data is Cesium; the display of the thematic product data is established on the basis of the vector data and the digital elevation model data.
7. The method for visualizing the basic geographic information based on the distributed computing as recited in claim 1, wherein: the visualization method can be used for increasing, deleting, modifying and checking the data in the database according to the actual application requirements by combining with the Global Administrative Areas and the latest data issued by the national geographic information resource directory service system, and displaying vector data, namely a two-dimensional plane map, digital elevation model data, namely three-dimensional terrain and thematic product data on a platform supporting a map display frame.
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Application publication date: 20200508 |