CN111097251B - Device and method for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple-field subareas - Google Patents
Device and method for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple-field subareas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111097251B CN111097251B CN201911285300.8A CN201911285300A CN111097251B CN 111097251 B CN111097251 B CN 111097251B CN 201911285300 A CN201911285300 A CN 201911285300A CN 111097251 B CN111097251 B CN 111097251B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
- B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
- B01D51/06—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour
- B01D51/08—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation by varying the pressure of the gas or vapour by sound or ultrasonics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
- B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple fields, which adopt a box structure with the same cross section structure size, and main body channels adopt a serial arrangement mode with the center lines of flow channels coincident, and the efficient removal of the particles with the particle size is gradually realized in different areas through the modes of negative direct current pre-dust removal, primary sound wave agglomeration strengthening, pulse charge agglomeration, direct current bipolar agglomeration, secondary sound wave agglomeration strengthening and post negative direct current dust removal, and the combination of gravity sedimentation, inertial separation and virtual impactor effect, the impact agglomeration effect of the fine particles is strengthened through the synergistic effect of multiple electric agglomeration modes and sound and electricity; the method realizes the regional electrocoagulation effect of the particles with different particle sizes by utilizing the inertia effect and the virtual impactor effect in a parallel connection mode of pulse charge coagulation and direct current bipolar coagulation, and strengthens the capturing and removing effects of the fine particles by the ash and dust removing effect of the movable electrode plate. The invention has high fine particle removal efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas dust removal, in particular to a device and a method for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple areas.
Background
China is a country which takes coal as main energy, and coal combustion is proposed for usThe heat source and the power supply source also bring serious particulate pollution, and in the sources of fine particulate matters, the emission of the coal-fired boiler accounts for a large part, and particularly, the pollution is serious due to the lack of corresponding environment-friendly control equipment in small and medium-sized industrial boilers and industrial kilns widely used in various industries. Aerosol particulate matter, in particular fine particulate matter PM 2.5 The air is discharged into the air, which can seriously affect the daily life and work of people and even threaten the life safety of people. Because the volume of the fine particles is small and the weight is light, the residence time in the atmosphere is long, the floating distance is long, and the influence range is wide. And because of its unique extinction effect, can seriously reduce the visibility of environment, cause large tracts of land dust haze weather, influence people's normal trip. In addition, the specific surface area of the fine particles is relatively large, a large amount of toxic and harmful heavy metals can be enriched on the surface of the fine particles, and the limited blocking capability of the human body on the fine particles can lead the fine particles to enter the respiratory tract of the human body and be deposited in alveoli, wherein the heavy metals can enter the blood of the human body, cause diseases in the aspects of asthma, bronchus, cardiovascular diseases and the like, and harm the health of the human body.
At present, most coal-fired power station boilers in China mainly adopt an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to remove particulate matters in tail flue gas. The high-efficiency electrostatic precipitator can remove dust up to 99.9%, but for fine particles, especially particles with the particle size of 0.1-1.0 microns, about 15% still escape to the atmosphere. Therefore, the agglomeration of various particles is considered to be overlapped on an electrostatic dust collection mechanism, so that fine particles are agglomerated and grown into particles with larger particle size, and then the particles are collected through the electrostatic dust collection function. Agglomeration methods currently under investigation include: electric agglomeration, acoustic agglomeration, phase change coagulation growth, chemical agglomeration and the like, wherein the electric agglomeration has the strongest action capability, but the traditional DC corona electric agglomeration or the agglomeration effect of a single electric agglomeration form is not obvious, and the removal effect of fine particles needs to be further improved.
Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a novel high-efficiency fine particulate matter removal device based on the synergistic effect of the acoustic-electric agglomeration of multiple discharge modes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a device for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple areas with reasonable structural design and high removal efficiency, and a method for removing the fine particles.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: the device is characterized by comprising an aerosol inlet, an air distribution plate, a pre-dust collection area, an acoustic wave transition sedimentation area, an electric field charge coagulation area, an acoustic wave mixed coagulation area, a direct-current dust collection area and an aerosol outlet, wherein the aerosol inlet, the air distribution plate, the pre-dust collection area, the acoustic wave transition sedimentation area, the electric field charge coagulation area, the acoustic wave mixed coagulation area, the direct-current dust collection area and the aerosol outlet are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet, the air distribution plate, the pre-dust collection area, the acoustic wave transition sedimentation area, the electric field charge coagulation area, the acoustic wave mixed coagulation area, the direct-current dust collection area and the aerosol outlet are sequentially communicated; a negative direct-current high-voltage wire and a direct-current dust collection plate are arranged in the pre-dust collection area, and an ash bucket of the pre-dust collection area is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collection area; the top of the sound wave transition sedimentation zone is provided with a sound wave generator, and the bottom of the sound wave transition sedimentation zone is provided with a sound wave transition sedimentation zone ash bucket; the electric field charge coagulation zone comprises a pulse charge coagulation zone and a direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone, and an electric field charge coagulation zone ash bucket is arranged at the bottom of the electric field charge coagulation zone; positive pulse high-voltage wires and a planar electrode plate are arranged in the pulse charge coagulation area, and positive direct-current high-voltage wires, an electric insulation plate and a movable grid plate are arranged in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area; the top of the sound wave mixing and condensing zone is provided with a sound wave generator, and the bottom of the sound wave mixing and condensing zone is provided with a sound wave mixing and condensing zone ash bucket; negative direct current high-voltage wires and a movable electrode plate are arranged in the direct current dust collection area, and an ash bucket of the direct current dust collection area is arranged at the bottom of the direct current dust collection area.
Preferably, the pre-dust collecting area, the pulse charge condensation area, the direct current bipolar condensation dust collecting area and the direct current dust collecting area adopt box structures with the same cross section structure and dimension, and the pre-dust collecting area, the direct current bipolar condensation dust collecting area and the direct current dust collecting area adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of flow channels are overlapped.
Preferably, the pulse charge coagulation area, the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area and the direct current dust collection area adopt equal-length box structures, and the electric field number is preferably larger than that in the pre-dust collection area. In order to enhance the dust removing effect, the size of the direct current dust collecting area can be properly prolonged, and the number of electric fields can be increased.
Preferably, the electric field charge coagulation zone comprises two identical pulse charge coagulation zones and one direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone, the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone is positioned between the two identical pulse charge coagulation zones, the pulse charge coagulation zones and the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone are in a parallel arrangement mode, and the central lines of flow channels of the pulse charge coagulation zones and the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone are positioned on the same horizontal layer.
Preferably, the sound wave transition sedimentation zone and the sound wave mixing coagulation zone are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the electric field charge coagulation zone, sound generating devices of the sound wave generators are respectively opposite to the sound wave transition sedimentation zone ash bucket and the sound wave mixing coagulation zone ash bucket, and the central lines of the two sound wave generators are overlapped with the flow channel central lines of the pre-dust collecting zone, the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collecting zone and the direct current dust collecting zone.
Preferably, the negative direct current high-voltage wire, the positive direct current high-voltage wire and the positive pulse high-voltage wire are all made of stainless steel materials, and the negative direct current high-voltage wire, the positive direct current high-voltage wire and the positive pulse high-voltage wire are arranged in parallel along the direction of the flow channel; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire and the positive direct-current high-voltage wire are respectively provided with a barbed wire electrode, and the barbed wires are radially distributed on the electrodes at equal intervals; the negative direct current high-voltage wire is connected with an external negative direct current high-voltage power supply, and the positive direct current high-voltage wire is connected with an external positive direct current high-voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire adopts a smooth vertical wire electrode and is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply.
Preferably, the direct current dust collection plate, the movable electrode plate, the planar electrode plate and the electric insulating plate are arranged in parallel along the flow channel direction, and the movable grid plate is arranged perpendicular to the flow channel direction; the direct current dust collection plate, the movable electrode plate, the planar electrode plate and the movable grid plate are made of stainless steel materials, and the electric insulating plate is made of electric insulating materials; the direct current dust collecting plate and the movable electrode plate are preferably C-shaped dust collecting electrode plates, and the planar electrode plate and the electric insulating plate are smooth planar electrode plates; the movable grid plates are arranged in a staggered mode through multiple layers of grids.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides another technical scheme: a method for removing fine particles by utilizing a device for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple areas comprises the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting an acoustic wave generator to enable the interior of the acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone and the acoustic wave mixed coagulation zone to form a vertically communicated sound field; the negative direct current high-voltage wire, the positive direct current high-voltage wire and the positive pulse high-voltage wire are respectively electrified;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter the reactor through an aerosol inlet, then aerosol uniformly distributed in a speed field and a concentration field is formed under the action of an air distribution plate, and then the aerosol particles enter a pre-dust collection area;
and a third step of: aerosol pre-dust collection: applying negative direct current high-voltage electricity on a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire, forming intense tip corona discharge on the barbed tip of the electric wire, forming a stable electric field in a region between the electric wire and a direct current dust collecting plate, simultaneously existence of a large number of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons in a narrow corona region, carrying out heteropolarity charge on particles in the corona region through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and mutually colliding and condensing charged particles through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move to the direct current dust collection plate under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle size are collected on the direct current dust collection plate, and the particles are flushed into an ash hopper of a pre-dust collection area through ash removal, so that the electric field is kept stable;
fourth step: the aerosol after pre-dust collection enters an acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone, the flow speed of the aerosol is reduced along with the gradual increase of the cross section of a flow channel, vortex turbulence is formed locally, the collision and condensation effects among particles are enhanced, and the vertically-communicated sound field further promotes the collision and condensation among the particles through the sound field effect; the large-particle-size particles after condensation enter an ash bucket of an acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone along with gravity sedimentation under a low flow speed state, the rest large-particle-size particles and part of small-particle-size particles enter a direct current bipolar condensation dust collection zone under the inertia effect, and the rest small-particle-size particles enter a pulse charge condensation zone along with diffusion airflow in the acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone; because the flow field resistance in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area is increased by moving the grid plate, low-speed air flow is formed in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area, and relatively high-speed air flow is formed in the pulse charge coagulation area with a relatively smooth flow passage, so that the action effect of a virtual impactor is generated in the sound wave transition sedimentation area and the electric field charge coagulation area;
fifth step: direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection: applying positive direct current high-voltage electricity on the positive direct current high-voltage electric wire, forming intense tip corona discharge on the barbed tip of the electric wire, and forming a stable electric field in a region between the electric wire and the movable grid plate, wherein the acting direction of the electric field force in the region is basically vertical to a pre-dust collecting region, so that particles which still have partial negative charges after passing through a sound wave transition sedimentation region from the pre-dust collecting region are subjected to the electric field force to move towards the direction of the positive direct current high-voltage electric wire, and are charged again, and collision and condensation among the particles are promoted; in addition, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, a large amount of positive ions exist, particles are charged with the same polarity through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the collision and condensation effects among the particulate matters are further promoted by the relatively low-speed airflow environment in the direct-current bipolar condensation dust collection area; the coagulated particles move towards the movable grid plate under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle size are collected on the movable grid plate, the particles are flushed into an ash bucket of an electric field charge coagulation area through the ash removal effect of the circular movement of the movable grid plate, no accumulated ash is formed on the surface of the movable grid plate, the electric field stability is maintained, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved;
sixth step: pulse charge coagulation: the corona region can be communicated with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a large amount of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in the streamer channel, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, and the migration diffusion charge of the electrons and the diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, so that the particles with different particle sizes are charged with charges of different polarities, and the charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion action and coulomb action; the coagulated particles move towards the planar electrode plate under the migration action of an electric field, most of particles with large particle diameters are collected on the planar electrode plate, and the particles are flushed into an ash bucket of an electric field charge coagulation area through the ash removal action, so that the stability of the electric field is maintained;
seventh step: the particles with negative charges and the particles with positive charges from the pulse charge condensation area and the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area enter the sound wave mixing condensation area, particles with different charge polarities are mutually collided and condensed through coulomb action and diffusion action on one side to form large-particle-size particles, on the other hand, the vertically-through sound field further promotes collision and condensation among the particles through sound field action, in addition, the cross section of a flow channel is gradually narrowed, aerosol from the pulse charge condensation area forms a swirling airflow, the collision and condensation action of the aerosol particles from the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area is promoted, the condensed large-particle-size particles are settled along with gravity to enter a sound wave mixing condensation area dust hopper, and the rest aerosol particles enter the direct current dust collection area;
eighth step: direct current dust collection: negative direct current high-voltage electricity is applied to a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire, intense tip corona discharge is formed on the barbed tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the electric wire and a movable electrode plate, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities in a mode of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and coagulate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move towards the movable electrode plate under the action of electric field migration, the particles are collected on the movable electrode plate, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper of the direct-current dust collection area through the action of movable ash removal of the electrode plate, so that the removal process of aerosol particles is completed, ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the movable electrode plate, the electric field is maintained to be stable, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the dust removal adopts a box body structure with the same cross section structure and size, and the main body channels adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of the flow channels are coincident, so that the smoothness of the flow field of the aerosol particle channel is kept, and dust accumulation and scaling in a local area are avoided;
2. the method adopts the arrangement modes of pre-dedusting, primary sonic agglomeration, re-charged agglomeration, secondary sonic agglomeration and post-dedusting, combines gravity sedimentation, inertial separation and virtual impactor effect, strengthens the collision agglomeration effect of fine particles through the synergistic effect of multiple electrocoagulation modes and acoustoelectric, and gradually realizes the efficient removal of the particles with the particle size in different areas;
3. pre-dedusting and sonic transition sedimentation are arranged before charge coagulation, so that pre-removal of large-particle-size particles is realized to the maximum extent, and the load of subsequent coagulation and dust collection is reduced;
4. the arrangement of the sound wave transition sedimentation zone, the electric field charge coagulation zone and the movable grid plate produces the action effect of a virtual impactor, and promotes the efficient separation and removal of particles with different particle sizes;
5. through inertial separation, virtual impactor effect and pulse corona discharge effect, the heteropolarity charge effect of particles with different particle sizes is enhanced by utilizing a large amount of high-energy electrons and a large amount of ions generated by pulse corona discharge, so that the electric coagulation of the particles with smaller particle sizes is greatly promoted, and meanwhile, the electric field intensity is improved relative to direct current discharge, and the coagulation of charged particles is also promoted;
6. the negative direct current pre-dust collection and the positive direct current corona are arranged in series, so that the collision and condensation effect of particles in an electric field area is enhanced through the change of the acting direction of an electric field force, and the direct current bipolar charge and condensation effect is realized;
7. the pulse corona discharge area and the positive direct current corona discharge area are arranged in parallel, particles with different charge polarities are converged, the heteropolarity coagulation effect of the particles is achieved, the impact coagulation of the particles is further promoted by utilizing the sound field effect, and meanwhile, the removal of the coagulated particles is promoted by utilizing gravity sedimentation.
8. The dust collection plate surface is prevented from forming dust accumulation by moving the grid plate and the movable electrode plate, an electric field is maintained stable, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and dust collection efficiency is improved.
9. The device for efficiently removing the fine particles in multiple fields is used for effectively combining electrostatic dust collection, pulse electrocoagulation, direct current bipolar coagulation, acoustic agglomeration and virtual impactor effect, adopts piecewise staged coagulation removal of the particles with different particle sizes, ensures that the fine particles are agglomerated and grown into particles with larger particle sizes under the action of multiple action forces such as electric field force, coulomb force, sound field force, thermophoresis force, bridge fixation force and the like, finally realizes efficient removal through an electrostatic dust removal technology, has wide application range of the particles, high fine particle removal efficiency and longer stable operation time of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic elevational view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an aerosol inlet 1, an air distribution plate 2, a pre-dust collecting area 3, a pre-dust collecting area ash bucket 4, an acoustic wave transition sedimentation area 5, an acoustic wave transition sedimentation area ash bucket 6, an electric field charge coagulation area 7, an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket 8, an acoustic wave mixed coagulation area 9, an acoustic wave mixed coagulation area ash bucket 10, a direct current dust collecting area 11, a direct current dust collecting area ash bucket 12, an aerosol outlet 13, a negative direct current high-voltage wire 14, a direct current dust collecting plate 15, an acoustic wave generator 16, a positive direct current high-voltage wire 17, a positive pulse high-voltage wire 18, a movable electrode plate 19, a planar electrode plate 20, an electric insulation plate 21, a movable grid plate 22, a pulse charge coagulation area 23 and a direct current bipolar coagulation dust collecting area 24.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a device for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple fields, which comprises an aerosol inlet 1, an air distribution plate 2, a pre-dust collection area 3, an acoustic wave transition sedimentation area 5, an electric field charge coagulation area 7, an acoustic wave mixed coagulation area 9, a direct current dust collection area 11 and an aerosol outlet 13, wherein the aerosol inlet 1, the air distribution plate 2, the pre-dust collection area 3, the acoustic wave transition sedimentation area 5, the electric field charge coagulation area 7, the acoustic wave mixed coagulation area 9, the direct current dust collection area 11 and the aerosol outlet 13 are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet 1, the air distribution plate 2, the pre-dust collection area 3, the acoustic wave transition sedimentation area 5, the electric field charge coagulation area 7, the acoustic wave mixed coagulation area 9, the direct current dust collection area 11 and the aerosol outlet 13 are sequentially communicated.
In the embodiment, a negative direct current high-voltage wire 14 and a direct current dust collection plate 15 are arranged in the pre-dust collection area 3, and an ash bucket 4 of the pre-dust collection area is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collection area 3; the top of the sound wave transition sedimentation zone 5 is provided with a sound wave generator 16, and the bottom of the sound wave transition sedimentation zone 5 is provided with a sound wave transition sedimentation zone ash bucket 6; the electric field charge coagulation zone 7 comprises a pulse charge coagulation zone 23 and a direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone 24, and the bottom of the electric field charge coagulation zone 7 is provided with an electric field charge coagulation zone ash bucket 8; the pulse charge coagulation area 23 is internally provided with a positive pulse high-voltage wire 18 and a planar electrode plate 20, and the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 24 is internally provided with a positive direct current high-voltage wire 17, an electric insulation plate 21 and a movable grid plate 22; the top of the acoustic wave mixing and condensing zone 9 is provided with an acoustic wave generator 16, and the bottom of the acoustic wave mixing and condensing zone 9 is provided with an acoustic wave mixing and condensing zone ash bucket 10; the DC dust collection area 11 is internally provided with a negative DC high-voltage wire 14 and a movable electrode plate 19, and the bottom of the DC dust collection area 11 is provided with a DC dust collection area ash bucket 12.
In this embodiment, the pre-dust collecting area 3, the pulse charge condensation area 23, the direct current bipolar condensation dust collecting area 24 and the direct current dust collecting area 11 adopt box structures with the same cross section structure and dimension, and the pre-dust collecting area 3, the direct current bipolar condensation dust collecting area 24 and the direct current dust collecting area 11 adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of the flow channels are overlapped.
In this embodiment, the pulse charge coagulation zone 23, the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone 24 and the direct current dust collection zone 11 adopt equal-length box structures, and the electric field number is preferably greater than that in the pre-dust collection zone 3. In order to enhance the dust removing effect, the size of the direct current dust collecting region 11 may be appropriately prolonged and the number of electric fields may be increased.
In this embodiment, the electric field charge condensation area 7 includes two identical pulse charge condensation areas 23 and a dc bipolar condensation dust collection area 24, and one dc bipolar condensation dust collection area 24 is located between the two identical pulse charge condensation areas 23, and the pulse charge condensation areas 23 and the dc bipolar condensation dust collection area 24 are arranged in parallel, and the flow channel center lines of the pulse charge condensation areas 23 and the dc bipolar condensation dust collection area 24 are located in the same horizontal layer.
In this embodiment, the acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone 5 and the acoustic wave mixed condensation zone 9 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the electric field charge condensation zone 7, the sound generating devices of the acoustic wave generators 16 are respectively opposite to the acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone ash bucket 6 and the acoustic wave mixed condensation zone ash bucket 10, and the central lines of the two acoustic wave generators 16 are overlapped with the central lines of the flow channels of the pre-dust collection zone 3, the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection zone 24 and the direct current dust collection zone 11.
In this embodiment, the negative dc high-voltage wire 14, the positive dc high-voltage wire 17 and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 18 are all made of stainless steel materials, and the negative dc high-voltage wire 14, the positive dc high-voltage wire 17 and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 18 are arranged in parallel along the flow channel direction; the negative direct current high-voltage wire 14 and the positive direct current high-voltage wire 17 are all barbed wire electrodes, and the barbed wires are radially distributed on the electrodes at equal intervals; the negative direct current high voltage wire 14 is connected with an external negative direct current high voltage power supply, and the positive direct current high voltage wire 17 is connected with an external positive direct current high voltage power supply; the positive high voltage wire 18 is a smooth vertical wire electrode and is connected to an external high voltage positive pulse power supply.
In this embodiment, the direct current dust collecting plate 15, the movable electrode plate 19, the planar electrode plate 20 and the electrically insulating plate 21 are arranged in parallel along the flow passage direction, and the movable grid plate 22 is arranged perpendicular to the flow passage direction; the direct current dust collection plate 15, the movable electrode plate 19, the planar electrode plate 20 and the movable grid plate 22 are all made of stainless steel materials, and the electric insulating plate 21 is made of electric insulating materials; the direct current dust collecting plate 15 and the movable electrode plate 19 are preferably C-shaped dust collecting electrode plates, and the plane electrode plate 20 and the electric insulating plate 21 are smooth plane electrode plates; the moving grid plates 22 are arranged in a staggered arrangement of multiple layers of grids.
In this embodiment, the method for removing fine particles by using the device for efficiently removing fine particles in multiple fields in a partitioning manner comprises the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting an acoustic wave generator 16 to enable the interior of the acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone 5 and the acoustic wave mixing coagulation zone 9 to form a vertically penetrating sound field; the negative direct current high-voltage wire 14, the positive direct current high-voltage wire 17 and the positive pulse high-voltage wire 18 are respectively electrified;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter the reactor through an aerosol inlet 1, then aerosol uniformly distributed in a speed field and a concentration field is formed under the action of an air distribution plate 2, and then the aerosol particles enter a pre-dust collection area 3;
and a third step of: aerosol pre-dust collection: negative direct current high-voltage electric wires 14 are applied with negative direct current high-voltage electricity, sharp point corona discharge is formed on the barbed points of the electric wires, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the electric wires and a direct current dust collection plate 15, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities in a mode of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move to the direct current dust collection plate 15 under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle size are collected on the direct current dust collection plate 15, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper 4 of the pre-dust collection area through ash removal, so that the electric field stability is maintained;
fourth step: the aerosol after pre-dust collection enters an acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone 5, the flow speed of the aerosol is reduced along with the gradual increase of the cross section of a flow channel, vortex turbulence is formed locally, the collision and condensation effects among particles are enhanced, and the vertically-communicated sound field further promotes the collision and condensation among the particles through the sound field effect; the coagulated large-particle-size particles are settled along with gravity under a low flow speed state and enter an ash bucket 6 of an acoustic wave transition settlement zone, the rest of the large-particle-size particles and part of the small-particle-size particles enter a direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone 24 under the inertia effect, and the rest of the small-particle-size particles enter a pulse charge coagulation zone 23 along with the diffusion airflow in the acoustic wave transition settlement zone 5; because the flow field resistance in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 24 is increased by moving the grid plate 22, low-speed air flow is formed in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area 24, and relatively high-speed air flow is formed in the pulse charge coagulation area 23 with a relatively smooth flow passage, so that the action effect of a virtual impactor is generated in the sound wave transition sedimentation area 5 and the electric field charge coagulation area 7;
fifth step: direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection: applying positive direct current high-voltage electricity on the positive direct current high-voltage electric wire 17, forming intense tip corona discharge on the barbed tip of the electric wire, and forming a stable electric field in a region between the movable grid plate 22, wherein the acting direction of the electric field force in the region is basically vertical to the pre-dust collecting region 3, so that particles which still have partial negative charges after passing through the sonic transition sedimentation region 5 from the pre-dust collecting region 3 are subjected to the electric field force to move towards the direction of the positive direct current high-voltage electric wire 17, and are re-charged, and collision and agglomeration among the particles are promoted; in addition, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, a large amount of positive ions exist, particles are charged with the same polarity through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the relatively low velocity air flow environment within the DC bipolar agglomeration dust collection zone 24 further promotes collision agglomeration between particulate matter; the coagulated particles move to the movable grid plate 22 under the migration action of an electric field, most of particles with large particle diameters are collected on the movable grid plate 22, the particles are flushed into the ash hopper 8 of the electric field charge coagulation area through the ash removal action of the circular movement of the movable grid plate 22, no ash deposit is formed on the surface of the movable grid plate 22, the electric field is maintained to be stable, back corona and secondary dust raising are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved;
sixth step: pulse charge coagulation: the positive pulse high-voltage wire 18 generates streamer corona discharge after positive pulse high-voltage is applied, a corona region can penetrate through positive and negative electrodes, a large amount of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in streamer channels, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, and migration diffusion charge of the electrons and diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, so that particles with different particle sizes are charged with different polarities, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion action and coulomb action; the coagulated particles move to the plane electrode plate 20 under the migration action of an electric field, most of the particles with large particle size are collected on the plane electrode plate 20, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper 8 of the electric field charge coagulation area through the ash removal action, so that the stability of the electric field is maintained;
seventh step: the particles with negative charges and the particles with positive charges, which are discharged from the pulse charge condensation zone 23 and the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection zone 24, enter the sound wave mixing condensation zone 9, the particles with different charge polarities are mutually collided and condensed through coulomb effect and diffusion effect on one side to form large-particle-size particles, on the other hand, the vertically-through sound field further promotes the collision and condensation among the particles through sound field effect, the cross section of a flow channel is gradually narrowed, aerosol discharged from the pulse charge condensation zone 23 forms a swirling airflow, the collision and condensation effect with aerosol particles discharged from the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection zone 24 is promoted, the condensed large-particle-size particles are deposited along with gravity to enter the sound wave mixing condensation zone dust hopper 10, and the rest aerosol particles enter the direct current dust collection zone 11;
eighth step: direct current dust collection: negative direct current high voltage electricity is applied to a negative direct current high voltage electric wire 14, intense tip corona discharge is formed on the barbed tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the movable electrode plate 19, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities in a mode of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and coagulate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move towards the movable electrode plate 19 under the action of electric field migration, the particles are collected on the movable electrode plate 19, and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper 12 of the direct-current dust collection area through the action of moving ash removal of the electrode plate, so that the removal process of aerosol particles is completed, and ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the movable electrode plate 19, the electric field is maintained stable, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
What is not described in detail in this specification is all that is known to those skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The device for efficiently removing the fine particles in the multiple-field subarea is characterized by comprising an aerosol inlet (1), an air distribution plate (2), a pre-dust collecting area (3), an acoustic wave transition sedimentation area (5), an electric field charge condensation area (7), an acoustic wave mixed condensation area (9), a direct current dust collection area (11) and an aerosol outlet (13), wherein the aerosol inlet (1), the air distribution plate (2), the pre-dust collecting area (3), the acoustic wave transition sedimentation area (5), the electric field charge condensation area (7), the acoustic wave mixed condensation area (9), the direct current dust collection area (11) and the aerosol outlet (13) are sequentially arranged from left to right, and the aerosol inlet (1), the air distribution plate (2), the pre-dust collecting area (3), the acoustic wave transition sedimentation area (5), the electric field charge condensation area (7), the acoustic wave mixed condensation area (9), the direct current dust collection area (11) and the aerosol outlet (13) are sequentially communicated; a negative direct-current high-voltage wire (14) and a direct-current dust collection plate (15) are arranged in the pre-dust collection area (3), and a pre-dust collection area ash bucket (4) is arranged at the bottom of the pre-dust collection area (3); the top of the sound wave transition sedimentation zone (5) is provided with a sound wave generator (16), and the bottom of the sound wave transition sedimentation zone (5) is provided with a sound wave transition sedimentation zone ash bucket (6); the electric field charge coagulation zone (7) comprises a pulse charge coagulation zone (23) and a direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection zone (24), and an electric field charge coagulation zone ash bucket (8) is arranged at the bottom of the electric field charge coagulation zone (7); positive pulse high-voltage wires (18) and plane electrode plates (20) are arranged in the pulse charge coagulation area (23), and positive direct-current high-voltage wires (17), an electric insulation plate (21) and a movable grid plate (22) are arranged in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (24); the top of the sound wave mixing and condensing zone (9) is provided with a sound wave generator (16), and the bottom of the sound wave mixing and condensing zone (9) is provided with a sound wave mixing and condensing zone ash bucket (10); a negative direct current high-voltage wire (14) and a movable electrode plate (19) are arranged in the direct current dust collection area (11), and a direct current dust collection area ash bucket (12) is arranged at the bottom of the direct current dust collection area (11);
the pre-dust collecting area (3), the pulse charge condensation area (23), the direct current bipolar condensation dust collecting area (24) and the direct current dust collecting area (11) adopt box structures with the same cross section structure and size, and the pre-dust collecting area (3), the direct current bipolar condensation dust collecting area (24) and the direct current dust collecting area (11) adopt a serial arrangement mode that the central lines of flow channels are overlapped;
the electric field charge condensation area (7) comprises two identical pulse charge condensation areas (23) and one direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area (24), the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area (24) is positioned between the two identical pulse charge condensation areas (23), the pulse charge condensation areas (23) and the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area (24) are arranged in parallel, and the flow channel center lines of the pulse charge condensation areas (23) and the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area (24) are positioned on the same horizontal layer;
the direct current dust collection plate (15), the movable electrode plate (19), the plane electrode plate (20) and the electric insulating plate (21) are arranged in parallel along the flow channel direction, and the movable grid plate (22) is arranged perpendicular to the flow channel direction; the direct current dust collection plate (15), the movable electrode plate (19), the plane electrode plate (20) and the movable grid plate (22) are made of stainless steel materials, and the electric insulating plate (21) is made of an electric insulating material; the direct current dust collecting plate (15) and the movable electrode plate (19) adopt C-shaped dust collecting electrode plates, and the plane electrode plate (20) and the electric insulating plate (21) adopt smooth plane electrode plates; the movable grid plates (22) are arranged in a staggered mode through a plurality of layers of grids.
2. The device for efficiently removing the fine particles by multiple fields of subareas according to claim 1, wherein the pulse charge coagulation area (23), the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (24) and the direct current dust collection area (11) adopt equal-length box structures, and the electric field number is larger than that in the pre-dust collection area (3).
3. The device for efficiently removing the fine particles in the multi-field partition according to claim 1, wherein the sound wave transition sedimentation zone (5) and the sound wave mixing coagulation zone (9) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the electric field charge coagulation zone (7), sound generating devices of the sound wave generators (16) are respectively opposite to a sound wave transition sedimentation zone ash bucket (6) and a sound wave mixing coagulation zone ash bucket (10), and the central lines of the two sound wave generators (16) are overlapped with the central lines of the flow channels of the pre-dust collecting zone (3), the direct current bipolar coagulation dust collecting zone (24) and the direct current dust collecting zone (11).
4. The device for efficiently removing fine particles from multiple fields according to claim 1, wherein the negative direct current high-voltage wire (14), the positive direct current high-voltage wire (17) and the positive pulse high-voltage wire (18) are made of stainless steel materials, and the negative direct current high-voltage wire (14), the positive direct current high-voltage wire (17) and the positive pulse high-voltage wire (18) are arranged in parallel along the direction of a flow channel; the negative direct-current high-voltage wires (14) and the positive direct-current high-voltage wires (17) are all barbed wire electrodes, and the barbed wires are radially distributed on the electrodes at equal intervals; the negative direct-current high-voltage power line (14) is connected with an external negative direct-current high-voltage power supply, and the positive direct-current high-voltage power line (17) is connected with an external positive direct-current high-voltage power supply; the positive pulse high-voltage wire (18) adopts a smooth vertical wire electrode and is connected with an external high-voltage positive pulse power supply.
5. A method for removing fine particles by using the multi-field zone fine particle efficient removing device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step: a starting device: starting an acoustic wave generator (16) to enable the interior of the acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone (5) and the acoustic wave mixing coagulation zone (9) to form a vertically-through sound field; the negative direct-current high-voltage wire (14), the positive direct-current high-voltage wire (17) and the positive pulse high-voltage wire (18) are respectively electrified;
and a second step of: aerosol particles enter the reactor through an aerosol inlet (1), then aerosol uniformly distributed in a speed field and a concentration field is formed under the action of an air distribution plate (2), and then the aerosol particles enter a pre-dust collection area (3);
and a third step of: aerosol pre-dust collection: negative direct current high-voltage electricity is applied to a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire (14), intense tip corona discharge is formed on the barbed tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the electric wire and a direct current dust collection plate (15), a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion effect and coulomb effect; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move to a direct current dust collection plate (15) under the action of electric field migration, most of particles with large particle size are collected on the direct current dust collection plate (15), and the particles are flushed into an ash bucket (4) in a pre-dust collection area through ash removal, so that the electric field is kept stable;
fourth step: aerosol after pre-dust collection enters an acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone (5), the flow speed of the aerosol is reduced along with the gradual increase of the cross section of a flow channel, vortex turbulence is formed locally, the collision and condensation effects among particles are enhanced, and a vertically-communicated sound field further promotes the collision and condensation among the particles through the sound field effect; the large-particle-size particles after condensation enter an ash bucket (6) of an acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone along with gravity sedimentation under a low flow speed state, the rest of the large-particle-size particles and part of the small-particle-size particles enter a direct current bipolar condensation dust collection zone (24) under the inertia effect, and the rest of the small-particle-size particles enter a pulse charge condensation zone (23) along with diffusion airflow in the acoustic wave transition sedimentation zone (5); because the flow field resistance in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (24) is increased by the moving grid plate (22), low-speed air flow is formed in the direct-current bipolar coagulation dust collection area (24), and relatively high-speed air flow is formed in the pulse charge coagulation area (23) with a relatively smooth flow passage, so that the action effect of a virtual impactor is generated by the sound wave transition sedimentation area (5) and the electric field charge coagulation area (7);
fifth step: direct current bipolar coagulation dust collection: applying positive direct current high-voltage electricity on a positive direct current high-voltage electric wire (17), forming intense tip corona discharge on the barbed tip of the electric wire, and forming a stable electric field in a region between the electric field and a movable grid plate (22), wherein the acting direction of the electric field force in the region is basically vertical to a pre-dust collecting region (3), so that particles which are still provided with partial negative charges after passing through a sound wave transition sedimentation region (5) from the pre-dust collecting region (3) are subjected to the electric field force to move towards the direction of the positive direct current high-voltage electric wire (17) so as to be re-charged, and meanwhile, the collision and agglomeration among the particles are promoted; in addition, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, a large amount of positive ions exist, particles are charged with the same polarity through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the relatively low velocity airflow environment within the DC bipolar coagulation dust collection zone (24) further promotes collision coagulation between particulate matter; the coagulated particles move to the movable grid plate (22) under the electric field migration effect, most of particles with large particle diameters are collected on the movable grid plate (22), the particles are flushed into an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket (8) through the circulating movement ash removal effect of the movable grid plate (22), ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the movable grid plate (22), the electric field stability is maintained, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved;
sixth step: pulse charge coagulation: the positive pulse high-voltage wire (18) generates streamer corona discharge after positive pulse high-voltage is applied, a corona region can penetrate through positive and negative electrodes, a large amount of high-energy electrons and positive and negative ions exist in a streamer channel, the charge capacity of the electrons is stronger than that of the ions, the number of the positive ions is more than that of the negative ions, and the migration diffusion charge of the electrons and the diffusion charge of the ions exist in the whole pulse period, so that particles with different particle sizes are charged with charges of different polarities, and the charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action and coulomb action; the coagulated particles move to the plane electrode plate (20) under the migration action of an electric field, most of the particles with large particle diameters are collected on the plane electrode plate (20), and the particles are flushed into an electric field charge coagulation area ash bucket (8) through the ash removal action, so that the stability of the electric field is maintained;
seventh step: the particles with negative charges and the particles with positive charges, which are discharged from the pulse charge condensation area (23) and the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area (24), enter the sound wave mixing condensation area (9), the particles with different charge polarities are mutually collided and condensed to form large-particle-size particles through coulomb action and diffusion action on one hand, on the other hand, the vertically-communicated sound field further promotes the collision and condensation among the particles through sound field action, the cross section of a flow channel is gradually narrowed, aerosol discharged from the pulse charge condensation area (23) forms a swirling airflow, the collision and condensation action of the aerosol particles discharged from the direct current bipolar condensation dust collection area (24) is promoted, the condensed large-particle-size particles are deposited along with gravity to enter the sound wave mixing condensation area dust hopper (10), and the rest aerosol particles enter the direct current dust collection area (11);
eighth step: direct current dust collection: negative direct current high-voltage electricity is applied to a negative direct current high-voltage electric wire (14), intense tip corona discharge is formed on the barbed tip of the electric wire, a stable electric field is formed in a region between the electric wire and a movable electrode plate (19), a large amount of positive ions, negative ions and high-energy free electrons exist in a narrow corona region at the same time, particles in the corona region are charged in different polarities through two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and charged particles mutually collide and aggregate through diffusion and coulomb interaction; outside the corona region, negative ions and free electrons exist at the same time, particles are charged in the same polarity in two modes of electric field migration charge and free diffusion charge, and part of charged particles mutually collide and condense through diffusion action; the condensed particles move towards the movable electrode plate (19) under the action of electric field migration, the particles are collected on the movable electrode plate (19), and the particles are flushed into the ash hopper (12) of the direct-current dust collection area through the movable ash removal action of the electrode plate, so that the aerosol particles are removed, ash accumulation is not formed on the surface of the movable electrode plate (19), the electric field is maintained stable, back corona and secondary dust emission are avoided, and the dust collection efficiency is improved.
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