CN111082226B - Subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on electromagnetic super-resonator - Google Patents
Subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on electromagnetic super-resonator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111082226B CN111082226B CN202010013897.7A CN202010013897A CN111082226B CN 111082226 B CN111082226 B CN 111082226B CN 202010013897 A CN202010013897 A CN 202010013897A CN 111082226 B CN111082226 B CN 111082226B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-small circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator, which comprises a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, wherein a plurality of stacked capacitors, a feed device and a metal loop connecting end are formed on the dielectric substrate; the first electrodes of the stacked capacitors are mutually and electrically connected to form a first common electrode of the stacked capacitor; the feed device is connected to a first common electrode of the stacked capacitors, and the metal loop connecting end is arranged on a second electrode of each stacked capacitor; the connecting end of each metal loop is electrically connected with one end of a metal column, and the other end of each metal column is electrically connected with the metal floor; the electrically connected metal ground, metal post and stacked capacitor form a super-resonator current loop. By adjusting the length of the laminated capacitor and the metal loop, a large equivalent capacitor and an equivalent inductor are constructed, a small resonance frequency is obtained, and the design of a subminiaturized antenna is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency antennas, relates to the technical field of small circularly polarized antennas, and particularly relates to a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator.
Background
With the progress of miniaturization of electronic devices, the size problem of antennas becomes more and more prominent, and there is an urgent need to develop high-performance miniaturized antennas. As an important branch of the antenna, the circularly polarized antenna is widely used in mobile communication, satellite communication, electronic countermeasure, and the like.
Currently, circularly polarized antennas commonly used in miniaturized electronic devices are roughly classified into orthogonal dipole pair circularly polarized antennas, microstrip circularly polarized antennas, and the like according to antenna structures. The orthogonal dipole is used for the circularly polarized antenna, the two dipole antennas are orthogonally arranged to form two orthogonal electric field components, and then a 90-degree phase difference is generated by utilizing a feed network (respectively realizing 0-degree and 90-degree feed of the dipole) or utilizing a self-phase-shifting thought (adjusting the input impedance of the dipole to generate a +/-45-degree phase angle), so that the design of the circularly polarized antenna is realized. The mode for realizing the circular polarization of the microstrip circular polarization antenna comprises a single feed method, a double feed method and a multi-feed method; the single feed method is characterized in that the patches are grooved, chamfered, added with branches and the like, perturbation is generated to separate orthogonal degenerate modes, and the feed is utilized to realize the +/-45-degree phase difference of self-phase shift, so that circular polarization is realized; the double-feed method is characterized in that a power division-delay line feed network or a 3 dB-90-degree electric bridge is utilized to respectively feed the microstrip patch in the orthogonal direction by 0 degree and 90 degrees, so that circular polarization design is realized; the multi-feed method utilizes the array and the feed network to feed the patches by 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees respectively to realize circular polarization.
In the case of the currently common orthogonal dipole-to-circularly polarized antenna, the dipole antenna radiation itself is omnidirectional, and in order to achieve directional radiation, a reflective floor is usually placed at a quarter-wavelength distance. The antenna is limited by the placement height requirements of a dipole structure and a reflection floor, and has the defects of large antenna volume and the like; meanwhile, the antenna is limited by the gain of a single dipole antenna, and the overall gain of the antenna is not high; in the existing design, in order to fix the antenna, a dielectric substrate is often used as a support, so that dielectric loss is introduced, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
For the existing common microstrip circular polarization antenna, due to the structural and principle limitations of the microstrip antenna, the microstrip circular polarization antenna has the defects of narrow antenna bandwidth and the like; for the microstrip patch antenna which is miniaturized by using a medium, the medium loss is introduced, and the antenna gain is reduced; for the double-fed and multi-feed point microstrip circular polarization scheme, a feed network needs to be built, and the defects of large size and the like exist.
In summary, the currently commonly used orthogonal dipole pair antenna is limited by self performance and a circular polarization implementation principle, and has the defects of large physical size, limited gain, difficult miniaturization and the like; the microstrip circularly polarized antenna is limited by a microstrip antenna element, and has the defects of narrow antenna working bandwidth, insufficient gain and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the ultra-small high-performance circularly polarized antenna based on the electromagnetic super-resonator and the mechanical reconfigurable implementation mode of the working frequency are provided.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultra-small circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator, comprising a dielectric substrate and a metal ground plate, wherein a plurality of stacked capacitors, a feeding device and a metal loop connection terminal are formed on the dielectric substrate;
the first electrodes of the stacked capacitors are mutually and electrically connected to form a first common electrode of the stacked capacitor;
the feed device is connected to a first common electrode of the stacked capacitors, and the metal loop connecting end is arranged on a second electrode of each stacked capacitor;
the connecting end of each metal loop is electrically connected with one end of a metal column, and the other end of each metal column is electrically connected with the metal floor;
the electrically connected metal ground, metal post and stacked capacitor form a super-resonator current loop.
As one of the optional schemes of the invention, the dielectric substrate comprises a square substrate base material, a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer, wherein the top metal layer and the bottom metal layer cover the upper surface and the lower surface;
the bottom metal layer is in a cross shape with central symmetry and axial symmetry, and partially covers the first surface of the substrate, and the symmetry center of the bottom metal layer is the center of the bottom surface of the substrate;
the symmetry axis of the bottom metal layer comprises a middle axis of two arms crossed by the bottom metal layer, and the symmetry axis is respectively superposed with the diagonal line of the base material;
the top metal layer comprises four groups of metal coverage areas which are not connected with each other and are distributed in a central symmetry way by the substrate base material, and each metal coverage area extends towards the center from each vertex of the square substrate base material and forms a continuous coverage area;
and overlapping areas are formed by the coverage areas and the bottom metal layer in the orthographic projection direction respectively, and the overlapping areas form a laminated capacitor.
As an alternative of the present invention, the metal loop connecting end is a through hole disposed at each vertex of the substrate, and the through hole is used for fixing the metal post.
As an alternative of the present invention, the through hole is a metalized through hole, and the metal post is a metal bolt.
As an alternative of the invention, the dielectric substrate and the metal floor plane are parallel to each other, and the metal stud is connected perpendicular to the metal floor plane.
As an alternative of the invention, one or more of the through holes are kidney-shaped holes, and the longitudinal axes of the kidney-shaped holes coincide with the respective diagonals of the dielectric substrate.
As one of the optional schemes of the invention, two waist-shaped holes are arranged at the adjacent vertex angle positions of the dielectric substrate.
As one of the alternative schemes of the invention, the orthographic projection positions of the waist-shaped holes on the metal floor are provided with metalized waist-shaped through holes with the same size.
As an alternative to the invention, the first common electrode is provided with a lumped inductance pad which is solderable to a lumped parameter circuit inductance electrically connected in series to the feed loop.
As one alternative of the invention, a kidney-shaped hole position is connected with a plurality of metal columns, and the relative distance between the metal columns can be adjusted.
The invention provides an electromagnetic super-resonator-based subminiature high-performance circularly polarized antenna and a mechanical reconfigurable implementation mode of working frequency thereof, which rely on RFID (902-928MHz) as an application background and utilize a novel orthogonal super-resonator structure to construct a large equivalent capacitor and an equivalent inductor by adjusting the length of a laminated capacitor and a metal loop, thereby obtaining a small resonant frequency and realizing subminiature antenna design. The orthogonal arrangement of the double-slit super-resonator with slightly different resonant frequencies and a flexible single-feed mode obtain the equal-amplitude orthogonal electric field component and 90-degree phase difference, and realize the circular polarization design. The addition of the position-adjustable screw realizes the mechanical reconfiguration of the working frequency by changing the length of the metal loop on the premise of not introducing an additional structure. The structure of the symmetrical double gaps, the metal support and the air substrate ensures that the dielectric loss is the lowest, and the design of high radiation efficiency is realized. By utilizing the miniaturization characteristic of the electromagnetic metamaterial, namely, by increasing the area of the laminated capacitor and the length of the metal loop, large capacitance and inductance are obtained, the resonant frequency is reduced, and the subminiaturization design of the antenna is realized on the premise of not depending on a high dielectric constant substrate, the electrical size of the antenna is 0.135 lambda 0 x 0.03 lambda 0, and under the size, the antenna still has enough bandwidth and high performance, which is a huge advantage per se. In the novel electromagnetic super-resonator structure, double gaps are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a resonant ring and are realized in a laminated capacitor mode, and the layout of the double gaps is convenient for subsequent feed design, larger radiation caliber area is provided, and radiation gain is improved. The SMA joint is directly connected with the crossed part of the orthogonal super-resonator structure on the top layer of the substrate, so that the orthogonal double resonant rings can be effectively excited, the structure is simple, and the method is the first proposal for exciting the orthogonal super-resonator structure. In the working frequency mechanical reconfigurable circularly polarized antenna, the metal screw moves along with the rectangular groove to tune the working frequency of the antenna, the frequency tuning mode is simple and reliable, no additional device is needed, and the frequency tuning method is particularly suitable for frequency offset correction of the antenna caused by the change of the working environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topological diagram of an orthogonal super-resonator of an electromagnetic super-resonator-based subminiature circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the operating electric field and current modes of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating band performance of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph illustrating radiation efficiency and gain of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of radiation performance of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention (Phi ═ 0 °);
fig. 7 is a radiation performance diagram (Phi is 90 °) of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a mechanical reconfigurable scheme of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a frequency band performance diagram of a mechanical reconfigurable scheme of a subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. The metal floor board comprises a dielectric substrate, 2 a metal floor board, 3 a top metal layer, 4 a bottom metal layer, 5 a metal bolt, 6 a power feeding device and 7 a kidney-shaped hole (in a reconfigurable scheme).
Detailed Description
The technical means adopted by the invention to achieve the predetermined object of the invention are further described below with reference to the drawings and the preferred embodiments of the invention.
As an alternative embodiment, the subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on the electromagnetic super-resonator comprises a dielectric substrate 1 and a metal floor 2, wherein a plurality of stacked capacitors, a feeding device and a metal loop connecting end are formed on the dielectric substrate; the first electrodes of the stacked capacitors are mutually and electrically connected to form a first common electrode of the stacked capacitor; the feed device is connected to a first common electrode of the stacked capacitors, and the metal loop connecting end is arranged on a second electrode of each stacked capacitor; the connecting end of each metal loop is electrically connected with one end of a metal column, and the other end of each metal column is electrically connected with the metal floor; the electrically connected metal ground, metal post and stacked capacitor form a super-resonator current loop. And the power feeding device penetrates through the middle air layer from the metal floor and is connected with the top metal layer for feeding power. The super-resonator is composed of a double-sided metal layer of a dielectric substrate, a metal screw and a metal floor. Two super-resonators with slightly different resonant frequencies are orthogonally arranged to construct a novel orthogonal super-resonator structure, and then two resonators are simultaneously excited to provide orthogonal components required by circular polarization and a 90-degree phase difference. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate is a low-loss substrate, and has a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0007. The metal floor is an aluminum sheet. The metal screw is a brass screw with the diameter of 3MM and the length of 15 MM.
As one of the alternative embodiment schemes of the present invention, the dielectric substrate includes a square substrate base material, and a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer covering the upper and lower surfaces; the bottom metal layer is in a cross shape with central symmetry and axial symmetry, and partially covers the first surface of the substrate, and the symmetry center of the bottom metal layer is the center of the bottom surface of the substrate; the symmetry axis of the bottom metal layer comprises a middle axis of two arms crossed by the bottom metal layer, and the symmetry axis is respectively superposed with the diagonal line of the base material; the top metal layer comprises four groups of metal coverage areas which are not connected with each other and are distributed in a central symmetry way by the substrate base material, and each metal coverage area extends towards the center from each vertex of the square substrate base material and forms a continuous coverage area; and overlapping areas are formed by the coverage areas and the bottom metal layer in the orthographic projection direction respectively, and the overlapping areas form a laminated capacitor. The floor-mounted power feed means may optionally comprise matching lumped inductors and SMA connectors in series in the top layer path of the substrate.
As one of the optional embodiments of the present invention, the metal loop connection end is a through hole disposed at each vertex of the substrate, and the through hole is used to fix the metal column. Specifically, the super-resonator is formed by connecting a top layer of a substrate and a metal floor through a metal screw; the double gaps are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the resonator; two resonators with slightly different resonance frequencies are placed orthogonally.
As one of the alternative embodiment schemes of the present invention, the through hole is a metalized via hole, and the metal post is a metal bolt.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the dielectric substrate and the metal floor plane are parallel to each other, and the metal column is connected to the metal floor plane perpendicularly.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, one or more of the through holes are kidney-shaped holes, and the longitudinal axes of the kidney-shaped holes coincide with the corresponding diagonal lines of the dielectric substrate.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, two of the waist-shaped holes are arranged at adjacent vertex angles of the dielectric substrate. The novel super-resonator structure is characterized in that double radiation gaps are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of a ring and are formed by laminated capacitors between a top layer metal layer and a bottom layer metal layer of a dielectric substrate. The structural form of the super resonator is not limited to a rectangular ring, and the super resonator comprises a circular structure, a semicircular structure and the like. Based on the Chu limit theorem and the electrically small antenna principle, the super-resonator effectively utilizes the volume of the surrounding antenna to obtain a low quality factor Q which is as close to the limit bandwidth of the electrically small antenna as possible.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the metalized waist-shaped through holes with the same size are arranged at the orthographic projection positions of the waist-shaped holes on the metal floor.
As an alternative embodiment of the invention, the first common electrode is provided with a lumped inductor pad which is solderable to be electrically connected in series to a lumped parameter circuit inductor of the feed loop.
As one of the alternative embodiment schemes of the invention, a kidney-shaped hole is connected with a plurality of metal columns, and the relative distance between the metal columns can be adjusted. The related tuning metal screws (metal columns) are not limited to two, and a plurality of screws work to enlarge the frequency tuning range. The feed device is fixed on the floor, penetrates through the middle air substrate and is directly connected with the intersecting part of the orthogonal super-resonator on the top layer of the substrate, and the feed is simple.
The antenna utilizes the strong resonance structure of the super-resonator, constructs large equivalent capacitance and inductance through the laminated capacitance and the equivalent metal ring structure, obtains small resonance frequency, realizes miniaturized design, arranges double gaps, improves the radiation aperture area and improves the radiation gain. The use of metal support and air substrate structures results in minimized dielectric loss and low cost.
The antenna utilizes a novel orthogonal super-resonator structure and a self-phase-shift circular polarization realization principle, so that the antenna realizes circular polarization design under compact size and has good radiation performance and circular polarization characteristics.
And the antenna adopts a structure of a metal support and an air substrate, so that the dielectric loss of the antenna is reduced to the minimum, the antenna has excellent radiation efficiency, and the problems of high loss and low efficiency caused by the traditional metamaterial antenna and the miniaturized antenna using the dielectric substrate are solved. A small amount of dielectric substrates are only used as carriers for PCB implementation, so that the processing cost of the antenna is reduced as much as possible, and the large-scale application is facilitated.
Compared with the conventional miniaturized circularly polarized antenna, the circularly polarized antenna has the advantages of more compact size, high radiation efficiency and radiation performance, simple structure and low cost, and is beneficial to the miniaturization propulsion of the whole machine and the improvement of the performance of the radio frequency front end. Meanwhile, the frequency offset influence caused by the practical application environment of the antenna is considered, so that the frequency offset correction can be completed on site, and the popularization and the application are greatly facilitated.
Referring to fig. 1-9, another preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
the subminiature high-performance circularly polarized antenna based on the electromagnetic super-resonator comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a top metal layer 3 and a bottom metal layer 4 are respectively laid on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, a thin metal floor 2, a metal screw 5 for connecting the antenna dielectric substrate and the metal floor, and a feed device SMA connector 6 which is fixed on the metal floor and connected with the top layer by penetrating through an air substrate; the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal floor and a metal layer, wherein metallized through holes are distributed at the corners around the dielectric substrate and used for penetrating metal screws to realize electrical connection of a resonant ring, four through holes are formed in corresponding positions on the metal floor and used for penetrating the metal screws to realize electrical connection of the resonant ring, the metal screws are used for a current loop structure of the resonant ring and a support of the antenna substrate, metal layer overlapping areas on two sides of the dielectric substrate are used for constructing overlapping capacitors and radiating electromagnetic waves into a space, and series lumped inductance pads are etched at the feed connection position of a metal layer on the top layer of the substrate and used for improving matching of series inductance of a feed structure; in addition, in the reconfigurable implementation mode of the working frequency machinery, the corresponding positions of the medium substrate 1 and the metal floor 2 are provided with rectangular grooves 7 which are used as moving guide rail grooves of metal screws.
In practical application, the orthogonal super-resonator structure connects the metal layer 3/4 on the surface of the dielectric substrate with the metal ground plate 2 through metal screws to form a super-resonator current loop, and the metal overlapping parts of the top layer and the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate form a stacked capacitor structure, which can be equivalent to an open capacitor structure of a super-resonator, as shown in fig. 2. The super-resonator can be equivalent to an RLC resonator circuit, where the resistance R comes from the antenna radiation resistance and loss resistance, the inductance L comes from the inductive effect of the resonator loop, and the capacitance C comes from the stack capacitance where the top layer crosses the bottom layer. Therefore, the overlapping area of the laminated capacitor or the current loop length is increased, so that the resonant frequency can be reduced, and the miniaturization design of the antenna is realized, in the design, the laminated capacitor value is increased, and the metal loop length is obtained as long as possible by arranging the metal screw on the diagonal line, so that the design of the subminiaturization antenna is realized, and the electrical size of the antenna is 0.135 lambda 0 x 0.03 lambda 0. Two super-resonators with slight frequency difference are orthogonally arranged (as shown in fig. 1(d) and 2), compared with the traditional orthogonal super-resonator (as shown in fig. 1 (b)), the open capacitance of the traditional orthogonal super-resonator structure is in the middle (as shown in fig. 1 (a-b)), the realization or operation is difficult in practical processing, in addition, in order to excite the orthogonal double-resonator, the feed structure is complex, and a cross floor slotting coupling feed or halving power division feed form and the like are used; in the novel orthogonal super-resonator structure, two stacked capacitor gaps are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a super-resonator (as shown in fig. 1(c-d)), and the middle cross position is directly crossed by metal, so that the problem of relative opening is avoided, the implementation of single feed point feed is facilitated (as shown in fig. 2), and meanwhile, the introduction of double stacked capacitors increases the radiation caliber and improves the radiation gain. In the orthogonal super-resonator structure, the resonant frequencies of the two resonators are slightly different, so that a pair of orthogonal equal-amplitude electric field components are naturally obtained, then a single feed point is used for excitation from the middle position, and the 90-degree phase difference between the electric field components is obtained, so that the circular polarization operation of the antenna is realized, the effect of equal-amplitude orthogonal components and periodic field rotation can be clearly obtained through the change of a surface electric field and current along with the phase in the attached figure 3, and the good circular polarization performance is highlighted. Meanwhile, because the resonant frequencies of the orthogonal super-resonators are slightly different, a wide bandwidth can be obtained by properly separating double resonance points, such as the double resonance points existing in the frequency band shown in fig. 4. The miniaturization degree of the antenna and the working bandwidth of the antenna are in an opposite relation, namely the frequency bandwidth of the antenna and the quality factor Q are in an inverse proportion relation, the electromagnetic super-resonant antenna provided by the application is based on the Chu limit theorem, the surrounding volume of the electrically small antenna is effectively utilized as far as possible, a low Q value is formed, and the low Q value is close to the limit bandwidth as far as possible, as shown in figures 2 and 4.
In a preferred embodiment, the dielectric substrate of the electromagnetic super-resonator antenna is a low-loss dielectric material (dielectric constant 2.2, loss tangent 0.0007) with the thickness of 0.5mm, and is used for implementing metal layer laying, super-resonator structure and feed connection; the metal floor is a thin aluminum plate with the thickness of 0.8mm and is used as a super-resonator current loop and a reflection floor; a brass material screw with a metal screw diameter of 3mm, which is used for a loop and an antenna support of the super-resonator; the feed joint is a flange SMA standard part, and is connected with the intersection part of the top layer orthogonal super resonator of the dielectric substrate by soldering tin to simultaneously excite the double super resonators. Compared with the traditional miniaturized antenna loaded with a high-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate, the subminiature antenna provided by the application realizes the miniaturized design through the electromagnetic metamaterial, the antenna is only made of a very small amount of dielectric substrates, a low-cost metal floor and a metal screw, the cost of the antenna is low, and the antenna is simple in structure and easy to assemble and produce in batches, as shown in fig. 2. Besides, the dielectric loss is reduced as much as possible, and the antenna has high gain and high radiation efficiency, as shown in fig. 5, by approximating to an all-metal and equivalent air substrate structure. A new orthogonal super-resonator structure is proposed and used for a miniaturized circularly polarized antenna design, having high radiation performance and circular polarization performance, as shown in fig. 6 and 7. The subminiature high-performance circularly polarized antenna based on the electromagnetic super-resonator has subminiature size, enough working bandwidth, high radiation efficiency and high radiation performance, and can be suitable for communication and functional application of miniaturized electronic equipment.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, two rectangular grooves are symmetrically formed in corresponding positions of the metal floor and the dielectric substrate, and are used as guide rail grooves for movement of metal screws, and the metal screws can move along the rectangular grooves; the length of a metal loop of the super-resonator is influenced by different positions of the metal screws; the further the metal screw is, the longer the path of the super-resonator is, the larger the equivalent inductance is, and thus the smaller the resonance frequency is. The frequency reconfiguration of the circularly polarized antenna can be realized by properly adjusting the positions of the two screws and simultaneously changing the frequency of the double resonance, and as shown in fig. 9, the reconfigurable super-resonator circularly polarized antenna based on the screws is the first proposal in the field of super-resonator antennas. Due to the fact that the antenna application scene is changed and is affected by the surrounding environment, the antenna is prone to frequency deviation, the reconfigurable antenna provided by the application does not need an additional structure, the antenna frequency deviation can be corrected through simply adjusting the position of the screw, and the reconfigurable antenna has high potential.
In a preferred embodiment, the working frequency band of the subminiature high-performance circularly polarized antenna based on the electromagnetic super-resonator is 902-928MHz (UHF frequency band), and the subminiature high-performance circularly polarized antenna is made of a thin-layer low-loss dielectric plate, a thin metal aluminum plate and a metal screw facing to the RFID application background. The antenna only needs to be processed by a standard PCB and a mechanical milling process, and the like, so that the processing difficulty and the manufacturing cost are reduced.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "center", "top", "bottom", "top", "root", "inner", "outer", "peripheral", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for the purpose of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Where "inside" refers to an interior or enclosed area or space. "periphery" refers to an area around a particular component or a particular area.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "assembled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the description of the embodiments of the invention, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that "-" and "-" indicate the same range of two numerical values, and the range includes the endpoints. For example, "A-B" means a range greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B. "A to B" means a range of not less than A and not more than B.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the term "and/or" herein is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on the electromagnetic super-resonator comprises a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, and is characterized in that a plurality of stacked capacitors, a feed device and a metal loop connecting end are formed on the dielectric substrate;
the first electrodes of the stacked capacitors are mutually and electrically connected to form a first common electrode of the stacked capacitor;
the feed device is connected to a first common electrode of the stacked capacitors, and the metal loop connecting end is arranged on a second electrode of each stacked capacitor;
the connecting end of each metal loop is electrically connected with one end of a metal column, and the other end of each metal column is electrically connected with the metal floor;
the electrically connected metal floor, the metal column and the laminated capacitor form a super-resonator current loop;
the dielectric substrate comprises a square substrate base material, and a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer which cover the upper surface and the lower surface;
the bottom metal layer is in a cross shape with central symmetry and axial symmetry, and partially covers the first surface of the substrate, and the symmetry center of the bottom metal layer is the center of the bottom surface of the substrate;
the symmetry axis of the bottom metal layer comprises a middle axis of two arms crossed by the bottom metal layer, and the symmetry axis is respectively superposed with the diagonal line of the base material;
the top metal layer comprises four groups of metal coverage areas which are not connected with each other and are distributed in a central symmetry way by the substrate base material, and each metal coverage area extends towards the center from each vertex of the square substrate base material and forms a continuous coverage area;
and overlapping areas are formed by the coverage areas and the bottom metal layer in the orthographic projection direction respectively, and the overlapping areas form a laminated capacitor.
2. The subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to claim 1, wherein the metal loop connecting terminal is a through hole disposed at each vertex of the substrate, and the through hole is used for fixing the metal post.
3. The ultra-small circularly polarized antenna based on the electromagnetic super-resonator according to claim 2, wherein the through hole is a metalized via hole, and the metal post is a metal bolt.
4. An electromagnetic super-resonator based subminiature circularly polarized antenna according to any of claims 2 or 3, wherein said dielectric substrate and metal ground plane are parallel to each other, and said metal post is connected perpendicular to said metal ground plane.
5. The subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic microresonator as claimed in claim 4, wherein one or more of the vias are waist-shaped holes having a lengthwise axis coincident with a corresponding diagonal of the dielectric substrate.
6. The subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to claim 5, wherein the two waist-shaped holes are disposed at adjacent vertex angles of the dielectric substrate.
7. The subminiature circularly polarized antenna based on an electromagnetic super-resonator according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the metalized waist-shaped through holes with the same size are arranged at the orthographic projection positions of the waist-shaped holes on the metal floor.
8. An electromagnetic super-resonator based subminiature circularly polarized antenna according to any of claims 1-3, wherein said first common electrode is provided with a lumped inductor pad, said lumped inductor pad being solderable to a lumped parameter circuit inductance electrically connected in series to the feed loop.
9. An electromagnetic super-resonator based subminiature circularly polarized antenna according to any of claims 1-3, wherein a waist-shaped hole is positioned to connect a plurality of metal posts, and the relative distance between the plurality of metal posts is adjustable.
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| CN114361773B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2023-09-22 | 成都频时科技有限公司 | Broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN113178693A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-27 | 上海大学 | Circular polarization small antenna with inverted mushroom nail structure |
| CN114024124B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-06-24 | 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 | Miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of achieving near-field and far-field reading |
| CN115313060B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-03-24 | 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 | Adjustable circularly polarized RFID reader-writer antenna |
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